The present study aimed to determine if the needles of male and female European yew ( Taxus baccata L.) trees differ in their content of basic compounds (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), and whether the observed differences result only from the gender factor or if they are also associated with the needles’ age and season. The study was conducted on male and female European yew specimens, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow during three seasons. Male specimens had significantly higher content of insoluble carbohydrates compared to the females ones. In the first year of the needles life, the dry mass and content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly. In the third year of the needles’ life, the content of amino acids increased significantly and the content of soluble proteins decreased. The highest differences between the genders in the individual months were observed in the soluble carbohydrates and amino acids amounts and the least in the soluble proteins. The growth of the new needles seems to be at least partly sustained by carbohydrates remobilization from the older needles. In conclusion, male and female yews differ in their metabolism. These gender differences may vary with the needles’ age. For this reason, the needle samples of different age should not be mixed, and the sampling time should be chosen carefully. For one-year-old needles, a potentially interesting gender marker may be an increased content of free amino acids in June and July, and high content of soluble carbohydrates in January, while for two-year-old needles, an increased content of free amino acids in male individuals from September. March seems to be an interesting month, as it shows significant differences between the genders in terms of all biochemical fe atures studied in this research.
{"title":"Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age","authors":"M. Zarek","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to determine if the needles of male and female European yew ( Taxus baccata L.) trees differ in their content of basic compounds (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), and whether the observed differences result only from the gender factor or if they are also associated with the needles’ age and season. The study was conducted on male and female European yew specimens, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow during three seasons. Male specimens had significantly higher content of insoluble carbohydrates compared to the females ones. In the first year of the needles life, the dry mass and content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly. In the third year of the needles’ life, the content of amino acids increased significantly and the content of soluble proteins decreased. The highest differences between the genders in the individual months were observed in the soluble carbohydrates and amino acids amounts and the least in the soluble proteins. The growth of the new needles seems to be at least partly sustained by carbohydrates remobilization from the older needles. In conclusion, male and female yews differ in their metabolism. These gender differences may vary with the needles’ age. For this reason, the needle samples of different age should not be mixed, and the sampling time should be chosen carefully. For one-year-old needles, a potentially interesting gender marker may be an increased content of free amino acids in June and July, and high content of soluble carbohydrates in January, while for two-year-old needles, an increased content of free amino acids in male individuals from September. March seems to be an interesting month, as it shows significant differences between the genders in terms of all biochemical fe atures studied in this research.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. P. Hao, Y. M. Dong, X. P. Zhu, H. T. Bai, LI H., J. Gong, A. Farooq, L. Shi
,
，
{"title":"Abscisic acid affects the floret numbers of inflorescence by regulating indole-3-acetic acid transport and accumulation in Lavandula angustifolia","authors":"H. P. Hao, Y. M. Dong, X. P. Zhu, H. T. Bai, LI H., J. Gong, A. Farooq, L. Shi","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47677885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chen, Gongping Nie, L. Yang, L. X., Y. Cai, Y. Zhang
dehydrogenase; AMY3
脱氢酶；AMY3
{"title":"Responses of Lilium hybrid 'Brindisi' to varying periods of waterlogging at vegetative stages","authors":"M. Chen, Gongping Nie, L. Yang, L. X., Y. Cai, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.031","url":null,"abstract":"dehydrogenase; AMY3","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46838650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Goharrizi, S. Karami, M. Hamblin, M. Momeni, T. Basaki, M. Dehnavi, M. Nazari
Drought and salinity, which can alter the water balance, disrupt the ionic equilibrium, and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), are capable of destroying plant tissues. In this study, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to elucidate various abiotic stress responses. In transcriptional signaling pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the plant phytohormones that regulate the stress response. On the other hand, several regulons and factors of transcription contributed in the reaction to osmotic stresses, as well as in ABA-dependent/independent signaling pathways. However, the findings display that intricate molecular reaction of plants under stress conditions may be controlled by complicated regulative networks of gene expression and signal transduction, as well as by the interaction between them. From the point of view of proteomics, protein modifications in response to stress can be considered as a molecular tool to improve the resistance of plants to environmental stresses. These studies have provided new information about the significance of several gene and protein networks involved in the response of plants to salinity and drought, and the induction of tolerance. Moreover, identifying the crucial pathways which are involved in salinity and drought resistance can open doors for the establishment of commercial-resistant crop cultivars, and might be very useful in the next-generation crop breeding strategies to produce plants with salinity and drought-resistant traits.
{"title":"Transcriptomic and proteomic profile approaches toward drought and salinity stresses","authors":"K. Goharrizi, S. Karami, M. Hamblin, M. Momeni, T. Basaki, M. Dehnavi, M. Nazari","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"Drought and salinity, which can alter the water balance, disrupt the ionic equilibrium, and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), are capable of destroying plant tissues. In this study, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to elucidate various abiotic stress responses. In transcriptional signaling pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the plant phytohormones that regulate the stress response. On the other hand, several regulons and factors of transcription contributed in the reaction to osmotic stresses, as well as in ABA-dependent/independent signaling pathways. However, the findings display that intricate molecular reaction of plants under stress conditions may be controlled by complicated regulative networks of gene expression and signal transduction, as well as by the interaction between them. From the point of view of proteomics, protein modifications in response to stress can be considered as a molecular tool to improve the resistance of plants to environmental stresses. These studies have provided new information about the significance of several gene and protein networks involved in the response of plants to salinity and drought, and the induction of tolerance. Moreover, identifying the crucial pathways which are involved in salinity and drought resistance can open doors for the establishment of commercial-resistant crop cultivars, and might be very useful in the next-generation crop breeding strategies to produce plants with salinity and drought-resistant traits.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Goharrizi, S. Karami, T. Basaki, M. Dehnavi, M. Nejat, M. Momeni, G. Meru
leucine activator catalase; C-repeat binding C-repeat binding factor/dehydration- calcineurin B-like glycoproteins; Acknowledgements : The present study Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Abstract Abiotic stress is one of the major challenges facing crop production globally. Abiotic stress resulting from low temperature is a major limitation to crop production, especially in the temperate regions of the world. Cold stress not only influence crop development and reduce yields, but also curtail the efficient distribution of agricultural products worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance is important for the development of strategies to manage crop loss and improve yield. In this review, we explore the major molecular mechanisms involved in plant cold tolerance, including recent discoveries on interrelated gene networks and regulatory mechanisms for cold stress adaptation in crops. Further, we highlight the role of proteomics in the discovery of proteins involved in key signaling pathways, including late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, antifreeze proteins, cold-regulated proteins, heat shock proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. The role of these proteins, and their relative abundance in physiological-biochemical reactions, are discussed and key candidate proteins for plant genetic enhancement are suggested.
{"title":"Transcriptomic and proteomic mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in plants","authors":"K. Goharrizi, S. Karami, T. Basaki, M. Dehnavi, M. Nejat, M. Momeni, G. Meru","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"leucine activator catalase; C-repeat binding C-repeat binding factor/dehydration- calcineurin B-like glycoproteins; Acknowledgements : The present study Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Abstract Abiotic stress is one of the major challenges facing crop production globally. Abiotic stress resulting from low temperature is a major limitation to crop production, especially in the temperate regions of the world. Cold stress not only influence crop development and reduce yields, but also curtail the efficient distribution of agricultural products worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance is important for the development of strategies to manage crop loss and improve yield. In this review, we explore the major molecular mechanisms involved in plant cold tolerance, including recent discoveries on interrelated gene networks and regulatory mechanisms for cold stress adaptation in crops. Further, we highlight the role of proteomics in the discovery of proteins involved in key signaling pathways, including late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, antifreeze proteins, cold-regulated proteins, heat shock proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. The role of these proteins, and their relative abundance in physiological-biochemical reactions, are discussed and key candidate proteins for plant genetic enhancement are suggested.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Belimov, P. Ulianich, D. Syrova, A. Shaposhnikov, V. Safronova, I. Dodd
By decreasing root 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and plant ethylene production, the microbial enzyme ACC deaminase is a widespread beneficial trait of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), ameliorating ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. However, relatively little is known about whether bacterial ACC deaminase modulates root architecture and root hair traits. Thus the dwarf tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) cultivar Micro-Tom was inoculated in vitro with Pseudomonas brassicacearum Am3, its ACC deaminase deficient mutant T8-1, a known PGPR strain Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 or chemically treated with agents that promoted or inhibited ethylene production or sensitivity (Ag + , Co 2+ , and ACC). ACC treatment reduced both root elongation and the number of lateral roots, while ethylene inhibitors (Ag + , Co 2+ ) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation, but differentially affected lateral root length and number. Ag + stimulated lateral root development, while Co 2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not. Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1 inhibited elongation of the primary and lateral roots at a high inoculum concentration (10 6 cells cm 3 ). All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs, with these effects more pronounced in P. brassicacearum Am3 than in the mutant T8-1. Treatment with Ag + inhibited root hair formation and elongation, while Co 2+ had the opposite effects. ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation but increased root hair density. While root growth inhibition caused by P. brassicacearum Am3 was independent of ACC deaminase, the promotion of root hair elongation and density by this strain was augmented by ACC deaminase activity. Thus ACC deaminase can modulate the morphological impacts of bacteria on root hair response by affecting plant ethylene content.
{"title":"Modulation of tomato root architecture and root hair traitsby Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Variovorax paradoxus containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase","authors":"A. Belimov, P. Ulianich, D. Syrova, A. Shaposhnikov, V. Safronova, I. Dodd","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":"By decreasing root 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and plant ethylene production, the microbial enzyme ACC deaminase is a widespread beneficial trait of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), ameliorating ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. However, relatively little is known about whether bacterial ACC deaminase modulates root architecture and root hair traits. Thus the dwarf tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) cultivar Micro-Tom was inoculated in vitro with Pseudomonas brassicacearum Am3, its ACC deaminase deficient mutant T8-1, a known PGPR strain Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 or chemically treated with agents that promoted or inhibited ethylene production or sensitivity (Ag + , Co 2+ , and ACC). ACC treatment reduced both root elongation and the number of lateral roots, while ethylene inhibitors (Ag + , Co 2+ ) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation, but differentially affected lateral root length and number. Ag + stimulated lateral root development, while Co 2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not. Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1 inhibited elongation of the primary and lateral roots at a high inoculum concentration (10 6 cells cm 3 ). All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs, with these effects more pronounced in P. brassicacearum Am3 than in the mutant T8-1. Treatment with Ag + inhibited root hair formation and elongation, while Co 2+ had the opposite effects. ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation but increased root hair density. While root growth inhibition caused by P. brassicacearum Am3 was independent of ACC deaminase, the promotion of root hair elongation and density by this strain was augmented by ACC deaminase activity. Thus ACC deaminase can modulate the morphological impacts of bacteria on root hair response by affecting plant ethylene content.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43776069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Tang, Q. Jiang, H. Y. Liu, F. Zhang, Q. Liu, PU G.B., LI J., L. N. Wang, Y. Q. Zhang
Trichomes, one of the epidermal structures of medicinal plants, can be divided into two types according to whether they have a secretory function: glandular trichomes (GTs) and nonglandular trichomes (non-GTs) (Yu 2020). This article mainly elaborates on medicinal plant GTs because the tips of non-GTs lack synthesis and storage cells and do not synthesize and accumulate secondary metabolites. GTs, as an important epidermal tissue, are responsible for pollination and protection (Champagne and Boutry 2016). Some plant GTs release volatile compounds in the air. Some of these compounds are attractants for pollinators, some are repellents for herbivores and ineffective pollinators, and some are even attractants for natural enemies of herbivores (Jacek et al. 2018, Giuliani et al. 2020). Environmental conditions and seasonal changes affect the growth and development of GTs, leading to differences in the types, density, morphology, and inclusions of GTs. These differences may be related to environmental stress and the adaptive survival of plants (Li et al. 1949, Soliman et al. 2019). There are differences in the types, density, morphology, and inclusions of GTs in different plant species; thus, GTs can be used as one of the distinguishing characteristics of medicinal plants (Zhang et al. 2016, Guesmi et al. 2019). GTs, as a secretory tissue, have the remarkable characteristics of synthesizing, modifying, and storing a variety of medicinal active ingredients and contain a great complex of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignose, polysaccharides, glycosides, fatty acids, proteins, and alkaloids (Balcke et al. 2017, Konarska and Łotocka 2020). These secondary metabolites accumulate in GTs and have various
毛状体是药用植物表皮结构之一，根据其是否具有分泌功能可分为腺状毛状体(GTs)和非腺状毛状体(non-GTs)两种(Yu 2020)。本文主要阐述的是药用植物GTs，因为非GTs的尖端缺乏合成和储存细胞，不合成和积累次生代谢产物。gt作为一种重要的表皮组织，具有授粉和保护作用(Champagne and Boutry 2016)。一些植物的gt释放挥发性化合物到空气中。这些化合物中有些是对传粉者的引诱剂，有些是对食草动物和无效传粉者的驱避剂，有些甚至是对食草动物天敌的引诱剂(Jacek et al. 2018, Giuliani et al. 2020)。环境条件和季节变化会影响GTs的生长发育，导致GTs的类型、密度、形态和内含物的差异。这些差异可能与环境胁迫和植物的适应性生存有关(Li et al. 1949, Soliman et al. 2019)。不同植物种类的GTs在类型、密度、形态和内含物等方面存在差异;因此，GTs可以作为药用植物的显著特征之一(Zhang et al. 2016, Guesmi et al. 2019)。gt作为一种分泌组织，具有合成、修饰和储存多种药用活性成分的显著特性，并含有大量次生代谢产物，包括萜类、黄酮类、生物碱、木糖、多糖、糖苷、脂肪酸、蛋白质和生物碱等(Balcke et al. 2017, Konarska and Łotocka 2020)。这些次生代谢物在GTs中积累，并具有多种
{"title":"Glandular trichomes of medicinal plants: types, separation and purification, biological activities","authors":"H. M. Tang, Q. Jiang, H. Y. Liu, F. Zhang, Q. Liu, PU G.B., LI J., L. N. Wang, Y. Q. Zhang","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"Trichomes, one of the epidermal structures of medicinal plants, can be divided into two types according to whether they have a secretory function: glandular trichomes (GTs) and nonglandular trichomes (non-GTs) (Yu 2020). This article mainly elaborates on medicinal plant GTs because the tips of non-GTs lack synthesis and storage cells and do not synthesize and accumulate secondary metabolites. GTs, as an important epidermal tissue, are responsible for pollination and protection (Champagne and Boutry 2016). Some plant GTs release volatile compounds in the air. Some of these compounds are attractants for pollinators, some are repellents for herbivores and ineffective pollinators, and some are even attractants for natural enemies of herbivores (Jacek et al. 2018, Giuliani et al. 2020). Environmental conditions and seasonal changes affect the growth and development of GTs, leading to differences in the types, density, morphology, and inclusions of GTs. These differences may be related to environmental stress and the adaptive survival of plants (Li et al. 1949, Soliman et al. 2019). There are differences in the types, density, morphology, and inclusions of GTs in different plant species; thus, GTs can be used as one of the distinguishing characteristics of medicinal plants (Zhang et al. 2016, Guesmi et al. 2019). GTs, as a secretory tissue, have the remarkable characteristics of synthesizing, modifying, and storing a variety of medicinal active ingredients and contain a great complex of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignose, polysaccharides, glycosides, fatty acids, proteins, and alkaloids (Balcke et al. 2017, Konarska and Łotocka 2020). These secondary metabolites accumulate in GTs and have various","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47910930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X.Y. Huang, Y.-Y. Li, Ting Zhao, W-y Liu, Ying-na Feng, L. Wang, Y.-C. Ma, X.‐F. Lin
Abbreviations : ABA - abscisic acid; CAT - catalase; GUS - β-glucuronidase; MDA - malondialdehyde; POD - peroxidase; ROS reactive oxygen species; RWC - relative water content; SOD - superoxide dismutase; TPP - trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; TPS - trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; WT - wild type. Abstract Trehalose, which plays important roles in resistance to abiotic stresses and preservation of biological activity in plants, is synthesized by two key enzymes, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Therefore, the expressions of the TPS and TPP genes directly affect trehalose synthesis and stress resistance of plants. In this study, CkTPS and CkTPP from Caragana korshinskii were identified, and the role of trehalose synthesis in the adaptation of this desert plant to adverse conditions was investigated. Higher CkTPS and CkTPP expressions were observed in the roots, whereas expressions were much lower in leaves and stems, and their expressions were upregulated under drought stress. Histochemical analyses showed that β-glucuronidase expression driven by the CkTPS and CkTPP promoters was strongly induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, methyl jasmonate, and mannitol, which suggests that trehalose synthesis may be regulated by various signaling pathways. To determine the functional mechanism underlying the role of trehalose synthesis in regulating drought response in plants, CkTPS and CkTPP were introduced into Arabidopsis . Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, these transgenic plants showed higher germination rate, survival, less damage, better shoot growth, and longer roots under drought stress. Moreover, transgenic plants had a significantly higher content of proline, chlorophyll, trehalose, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than WT controls. Double-transgenic plants carrying CkTPS and CkTPP showed better growth and stronger drought tolerance than either single transgenic plant line. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for further understanding the function and regulatory mechanism of CkTPS and CkTPP , as well as the possibility of their application for improving drought tolerance in crops through genetic engineering.
{"title":"Overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in trehalose synthesis from Caragana korshinskii enhances drought tolerance of transgenic plants","authors":"X.Y. Huang, Y.-Y. Li, Ting Zhao, W-y Liu, Ying-na Feng, L. Wang, Y.-C. Ma, X.‐F. Lin","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations : ABA - abscisic acid; CAT - catalase; GUS - β-glucuronidase; MDA - malondialdehyde; POD - peroxidase; ROS reactive oxygen species; RWC - relative water content; SOD - superoxide dismutase; TPP - trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; TPS - trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; WT - wild type. Abstract Trehalose, which plays important roles in resistance to abiotic stresses and preservation of biological activity in plants, is synthesized by two key enzymes, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Therefore, the expressions of the TPS and TPP genes directly affect trehalose synthesis and stress resistance of plants. In this study, CkTPS and CkTPP from Caragana korshinskii were identified, and the role of trehalose synthesis in the adaptation of this desert plant to adverse conditions was investigated. Higher CkTPS and CkTPP expressions were observed in the roots, whereas expressions were much lower in leaves and stems, and their expressions were upregulated under drought stress. Histochemical analyses showed that β-glucuronidase expression driven by the CkTPS and CkTPP promoters was strongly induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, methyl jasmonate, and mannitol, which suggests that trehalose synthesis may be regulated by various signaling pathways. To determine the functional mechanism underlying the role of trehalose synthesis in regulating drought response in plants, CkTPS and CkTPP were introduced into Arabidopsis . Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, these transgenic plants showed higher germination rate, survival, less damage, better shoot growth, and longer roots under drought stress. Moreover, transgenic plants had a significantly higher content of proline, chlorophyll, trehalose, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than WT controls. Double-transgenic plants carrying CkTPS and CkTPP showed better growth and stronger drought tolerance than either single transgenic plant line. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for further understanding the function and regulatory mechanism of CkTPS and CkTPP , as well as the possibility of their application for improving drought tolerance in crops through genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the total and actual nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and NR activation state, in tomato seedlings ( Solanum lycopersicum cvs. Kmicic and Faworyt) treated with okadaic acid (OA) was evaluated. Seedlings were grown in a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in a growth chamber at day/night temperatures of 22/20 °C, a photon flux density of 150 µmol m -2 s -1 , and a 16-h photoperiod. After 10 days, plants were transferred into MS medium with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 µM OA. It was found that the total and actual NR activity increased in Kmicic leaves treated with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 µM OA compared to control. However, the NR activation state did not change in both roots and leaves of OA-treated tomato seedlings.
{"title":"Okadaic acid did not change the nitrate reductase activation state in tomato seedlings","authors":"A. Kołton, V. Vaštakaitė-Kairienė","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the total and actual nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and NR activation state, in tomato seedlings ( Solanum lycopersicum cvs. Kmicic and Faworyt) treated with okadaic acid (OA) was evaluated. Seedlings were grown in a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in a growth chamber at day/night temperatures of 22/20 °C, a photon flux density of 150 µmol m -2 s -1 , and a 16-h photoperiod. After 10 days, plants were transferred into MS medium with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 µM OA. It was found that the total and actual NR activity increased in Kmicic leaves treated with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 µM OA compared to control. However, the NR activation state did not change in both roots and leaves of OA-treated tomato seedlings.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Salas-Moreno, M. Castillejo, C. López-Hidalgo, J. Marrugo-Negrete, E. Rodríguez-Cavallo, D. Méndez-Cuadro, J. Jorrín-Novo
Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé grows in mining soils which are Cd- and Pb-contaminated where it exhibits tolerance to Pb and the ability to extract Pb from these soils. To elucidate tolerance mechanisms to Pb-stress, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify changes in the accumulation of proteins in leaves. We identified 323 proteins involved in primary metabolism and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Although proteins involved in the processes of photosynthesis and saccharide and energy metabolism presented the greatest amount of down-regulated proteins, the plant was able to maintain photosynthetic functions and obtain energy to sustain the vital balance. P. fasciculatum based their tolerance on increased antioxidant defenses, improving the protection and repair of proteins and transduction signals to coordinate physiological response to Pb-stress. Our results provide important information to understand the tolerance mechanisms in P. fasciculatum and could be important in future molecular studies on the resistance and accumulation of Pb in plants.
{"title":"LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics reveals biochemical mechanisms of Paspalum fasciculatum tolerance to Pb-stress","authors":"M. Salas-Moreno, M. Castillejo, C. López-Hidalgo, J. Marrugo-Negrete, E. Rodríguez-Cavallo, D. Méndez-Cuadro, J. Jorrín-Novo","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.016","url":null,"abstract":"Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé grows in mining soils which are Cd- and Pb-contaminated where it exhibits tolerance to Pb and the ability to extract Pb from these soils. To elucidate tolerance mechanisms to Pb-stress, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify changes in the accumulation of proteins in leaves. We identified 323 proteins involved in primary metabolism and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Although proteins involved in the processes of photosynthesis and saccharide and energy metabolism presented the greatest amount of down-regulated proteins, the plant was able to maintain photosynthetic functions and obtain energy to sustain the vital balance. P. fasciculatum based their tolerance on increased antioxidant defenses, improving the protection and repair of proteins and transduction signals to coordinate physiological response to Pb-stress. Our results provide important information to understand the tolerance mechanisms in P. fasciculatum and could be important in future molecular studies on the resistance and accumulation of Pb in plants.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41543825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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