G. Kang, N. Zhang, T. H. Tan, Z. Zhang, R. Wang, Lin-Tao Wu
of the light-adapted state; F m - maximal fluorescence; F m ' - maximal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state; F v /F m - maximal quantum yield of PS II photochemistry; F v '/F m ' - efficiency of excitation capture of open PS II center in the light conditions; F s - fluorescence intensity at any time; NPQ - nonphotochemical quenching coefficient; PAR - photosynthetically active radiation; P N - net photosynthetic rate; PS - photosystem; q P - photochemical quenching coefficient; WUE - water use efficiency; Φ PSII - effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry. Abstract Midvein is an important structure of the upright leaf of rice, and its normal development is essential to the formation of a common plant type of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). To reveal the effect of midvein deficiency on photosynthesis-related characteristics, leaf microstructure, and vein characteristics, the photosynthetic features between the midvein-deficient mutant dl-14 and wild-type Huanghuazhan plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the midvein area of the dl-4 mutant lacked large intercellular space and instead it was filled with mesophyll cells. Moreover, the vein density of the dl-14 mutant was significantly higher than that in cv. Huanghuazhan. Chlorophyll (Chl) a , Chl b , and carotenoid content were markedly elevated in dl-14 . In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, we observed that under high irradiance and high CO 2 concentration, the net photosynthetic rate of dl-14 plants was significantly higher than that of Huanghuazhan plants, but its water use efficiency was significantly lower. In addition, several major photosynthetic parameters, including characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence (the efficiency of excitation capture of open PS II center, photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry, and electron transfer rate) were significantly higher in dl-14 plants compared to Huanghuazhan plants, but the nonphotochemical quenching of dl-14 mutant was significantly lower than that of Huanghuazhan. These findings indicate that the dl-14 mutant has higher vein density, stronger photon conversion ability, and weaker radiation dissipation ability. This study can provide theoretical support for breeders to use the midvein-deficient mutant.
{"title":"Leaf microstructure and photosynthetic characteristicsof a rice midvein-deficient mutant dl-14","authors":"G. Kang, N. Zhang, T. H. Tan, Z. Zhang, R. Wang, Lin-Tao Wu","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":"of the light-adapted state; F m - maximal fluorescence; F m ' - maximal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state; F v /F m - maximal quantum yield of PS II photochemistry; F v '/F m ' - efficiency of excitation capture of open PS II center in the light conditions; F s - fluorescence intensity at any time; NPQ - nonphotochemical quenching coefficient; PAR - photosynthetically active radiation; P N - net photosynthetic rate; PS - photosystem; q P - photochemical quenching coefficient; WUE - water use efficiency; Φ PSII - effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry. Abstract Midvein is an important structure of the upright leaf of rice, and its normal development is essential to the formation of a common plant type of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). To reveal the effect of midvein deficiency on photosynthesis-related characteristics, leaf microstructure, and vein characteristics, the photosynthetic features between the midvein-deficient mutant dl-14 and wild-type Huanghuazhan plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the midvein area of the dl-4 mutant lacked large intercellular space and instead it was filled with mesophyll cells. Moreover, the vein density of the dl-14 mutant was significantly higher than that in cv. Huanghuazhan. Chlorophyll (Chl) a , Chl b , and carotenoid content were markedly elevated in dl-14 . In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, we observed that under high irradiance and high CO 2 concentration, the net photosynthetic rate of dl-14 plants was significantly higher than that of Huanghuazhan plants, but its water use efficiency was significantly lower. In addition, several major photosynthetic parameters, including characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence (the efficiency of excitation capture of open PS II center, photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry, and electron transfer rate) were significantly higher in dl-14 plants compared to Huanghuazhan plants, but the nonphotochemical quenching of dl-14 mutant was significantly lower than that of Huanghuazhan. These findings indicate that the dl-14 mutant has higher vein density, stronger photon conversion ability, and weaker radiation dissipation ability. This study can provide theoretical support for breeders to use the midvein-deficient mutant.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Wang, Peng Li, L. Yao, Y. Shang, S. Liu, J. Meng, S. Zhang, H.H. Li
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. They not only confer a wide spectrum of pigmentation to plant flowers but also protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Simultaneously, these compounds also offer health benefits to humans. Significant efforts have been made to correlate specific flavonoid production with biosynthetic pathway gene expression. Some structure genes and transcription factors that regulate the biosynthetic pathway have been identified. However, the diverse and complex control of flavonoid accumulation is still not well understood. In this mini-review, we summarized the improvement of flavonoids by genetic engineering from the aspects of flower colour, plant resistance, and benefits on the human diet. A perspective on flavonoid research in plants is provided.
{"title":"Advances in the application of biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants","authors":"Y. Wang, Peng Li, L. Yao, Y. Shang, S. Liu, J. Meng, S. Zhang, H.H. Li","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. They not only confer a wide spectrum of pigmentation to plant flowers but also protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Simultaneously, these compounds also offer health benefits to humans. Significant efforts have been made to correlate specific flavonoid production with biosynthetic pathway gene expression. Some structure genes and transcription factors that regulate the biosynthetic pathway have been identified. However, the diverse and complex control of flavonoid accumulation is still not well understood. In this mini-review, we summarized the improvement of flavonoids by genetic engineering from the aspects of flower colour, plant resistance, and benefits on the human diet. A perspective on flavonoid research in plants is provided.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fabroni, M. Amenta, S. Rapisarda, B. Torrisi, C. Licciardello
Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of organic and conventional production systems on nutrients, antioxidant substances, and N-containing components in fruits and vegetables (Brandt and Molgaard 2001, Carbonaro and Mattera 2001, Rapisarda et al. 2005 and 2010, Del Amor et al. 2008, Esch et al. 2010, Rosen 2010, Camin et al. 2011, Chebrolu et al. 2012). Ecological and agronomic studies on the influence of fertilization on plant metabolism have shown that there is an inverse relationship in plants between the available N and the accumulation of defence-related secondary metabolites such as vitamin C (Brandt et al. 2011). It has been shown that changes in N status play an important role in the secondary metabolism of plants, in which nitrogen deficiency leads to a marked shift from the N-containing compounds to the production of carbon-rich defencerelated phenylpropanoids (Leser and Treutter 2005, Toor et al. 2006, Benbrook et al. 2008, Nguyen and Niemeyer
{"title":"Amino acid metabolism and expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation in common oranges cv. Valencia Late","authors":"S. Fabroni, M. Amenta, S. Rapisarda, B. Torrisi, C. Licciardello","doi":"10.32615/bp.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of organic and conventional production systems on nutrients, antioxidant substances, and N-containing components in fruits and vegetables (Brandt and Molgaard 2001, Carbonaro and Mattera 2001, Rapisarda et al. 2005 and 2010, Del Amor et al. 2008, Esch et al. 2010, Rosen 2010, Camin et al. 2011, Chebrolu et al. 2012). Ecological and agronomic studies on the influence of fertilization on plant metabolism have shown that there is an inverse relationship in plants between the available N and the accumulation of defence-related secondary metabolites such as vitamin C (Brandt et al. 2011). It has been shown that changes in N status play an important role in the secondary metabolism of plants, in which nitrogen deficiency leads to a marked shift from the N-containing compounds to the production of carbon-rich defencerelated phenylpropanoids (Leser and Treutter 2005, Toor et al. 2006, Benbrook et al. 2008, Nguyen and Niemeyer","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zhan, L. Huang, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Xie, X. Shang, G. Liu, Z. Wu
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GO - gene ontology; HMGCS - hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; IPP - isoprene phosphate; KEGG - Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; ME-CPP - 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol- 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; MEP - methylerythritol 4-phosphate; MVA - mevalonate; RIN - RNA integrity number; RPKM - reads per kb per million reads; TPS - terpene synthase; TFs - transcription factors. Abstract To reveal the regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis , the content of volatiles in eucalyptus leaves and the transcriptome databases of young and mature leaves were analyzed. The results showed that E. camaldulensis contains 92 and 89 kinds of volatile substances in the young and mature leaves, respectively. Among them, the content of 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, and other substances was significantly different in young and mature leaves. A total of 99 802 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome database of young and mature leaves of E. camaldulensis and 18 441 genes displayed obviously differential expressions during both developmental stages. There were 6 982 up-regulated unigenes and 11 461 down-regulated unigenes in the young leaf stage compared to the mature leaf stage. The key genes for terpenoid biosynthesis, including limonene synthase-10, limonene synthase-11, myrcene synthase-1, α- pinene synthase-2, and 1,8-cineole synthase-2 , were selected for further analysis to explore the mechanism of gene regulation and genetic transformation. The expressions of key genes were validated by RT-qPCR, and their expressions were consistent with RNA-seq data. WRKY, MYB, NAC , and bHLH transcription factors (TFs) displayed important regulatory effects on the above key genes. Thus, a regulatory network model of terpenoid biosynthesis was constructed using target genes and TFs during leaf development in E. camaldulensis . These results provide theoretical evidence for understanding the terpenoid biosynthesis in plants and reference for terpenoids utilization by genetic engineering methods in E. camaldulensis .
{"title":"Expression of genes encoding terpenoid biosynthesis enzymes during leaf development of Eucalyptus camaldulensis","authors":"N. Zhan, L. Huang, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Xie, X. Shang, G. Liu, Z. Wu","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.073","url":null,"abstract":"- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GO - gene ontology; HMGCS - hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; IPP - isoprene phosphate; KEGG - Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; ME-CPP - 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol- 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; MEP - methylerythritol 4-phosphate; MVA - mevalonate; RIN - RNA integrity number; RPKM - reads per kb per million reads; TPS - terpene synthase; TFs - transcription factors. Abstract To reveal the regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis , the content of volatiles in eucalyptus leaves and the transcriptome databases of young and mature leaves were analyzed. The results showed that E. camaldulensis contains 92 and 89 kinds of volatile substances in the young and mature leaves, respectively. Among them, the content of 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, and other substances was significantly different in young and mature leaves. A total of 99 802 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome database of young and mature leaves of E. camaldulensis and 18 441 genes displayed obviously differential expressions during both developmental stages. There were 6 982 up-regulated unigenes and 11 461 down-regulated unigenes in the young leaf stage compared to the mature leaf stage. The key genes for terpenoid biosynthesis, including limonene synthase-10, limonene synthase-11, myrcene synthase-1, α- pinene synthase-2, and 1,8-cineole synthase-2 , were selected for further analysis to explore the mechanism of gene regulation and genetic transformation. The expressions of key genes were validated by RT-qPCR, and their expressions were consistent with RNA-seq data. WRKY, MYB, NAC , and bHLH transcription factors (TFs) displayed important regulatory effects on the above key genes. Thus, a regulatory network model of terpenoid biosynthesis was constructed using target genes and TFs during leaf development in E. camaldulensis . These results provide theoretical evidence for understanding the terpenoid biosynthesis in plants and reference for terpenoids utilization by genetic engineering methods in E. camaldulensis .","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PRX peroxidase; ROS reactive oxygen species; SOD superoxide dismutase; TBA thiobarbituric acid; TCA trichloroacetic acid. Abstract High temperatures have become a major threat that seriously affects crop growth and yield. The present work aimed to investigate the acclimation process in adjusting plant responses to high root temperatures. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) during the flowering time was subjected to heat treatments (day/night temperatures at the root level of 40 or 45 °C for 4 d) while control plants were maintained at 25 °C, and the heat-stress treatment effects were analysed in the tomato leaves. The results showed a reduction in the content of chlorophylls a and b as well as chlorophyll a / b ratio at both high temperatures. Further, the increase in the amount of malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation was greater at 45 °C. The leaf content of hydrogen peroxide was induced in tomato plants subjected to 45 °C whereas it was markedly decreased in plants maintained at 40 °C as compared to control plants. Antioxidant enzymes showed higher activity in tomatoes treated at 45 °C compared to those treated at 40 °C. Moreover, the highest amount of antioxidants such as carotenoids and ascorbate in tomato plants were found at a temperature of 45 °C. Collectively, we provide evidence that physiological and biochemical components can be altered depending on the heat level, exposure time, and developmental stage. The interaction of root and shoot under high temperatures must be further characterized in terms of understanding the challenging climate changes.
{"title":"Effects of high growth-medium temperature under controlled conditions on characteristics of tomato leaves","authors":"J. Salem, S. Smiti, M. Petřivalský","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.070","url":null,"abstract":"PRX peroxidase; ROS reactive oxygen species; SOD superoxide dismutase; TBA thiobarbituric acid; TCA trichloroacetic acid. Abstract High temperatures have become a major threat that seriously affects crop growth and yield. The present work aimed to investigate the acclimation process in adjusting plant responses to high root temperatures. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) during the flowering time was subjected to heat treatments (day/night temperatures at the root level of 40 or 45 °C for 4 d) while control plants were maintained at 25 °C, and the heat-stress treatment effects were analysed in the tomato leaves. The results showed a reduction in the content of chlorophylls a and b as well as chlorophyll a / b ratio at both high temperatures. Further, the increase in the amount of malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation was greater at 45 °C. The leaf content of hydrogen peroxide was induced in tomato plants subjected to 45 °C whereas it was markedly decreased in plants maintained at 40 °C as compared to control plants. Antioxidant enzymes showed higher activity in tomatoes treated at 45 °C compared to those treated at 40 °C. Moreover, the highest amount of antioxidants such as carotenoids and ascorbate in tomato plants were found at a temperature of 45 °C. Collectively, we provide evidence that physiological and biochemical components can be altered depending on the heat level, exposure time, and developmental stage. The interaction of root and shoot under high temperatures must be further characterized in terms of understanding the challenging climate changes.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a potato D200 gene encoding a hypothetical protein were subjected to salinity stress and assessed for their tolerance. The D200 Arabidopsis lines exhibited increased chlorophyll content, improved stomatal conductance, less electrolyte leakage, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and a higher amount of proline compared to the wild type (WT) plants under salinity stress. The gene expression analysis revealed that D200 plants accumulated a significantly higher amount of mRNA transcripts of genes encoding three major antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics analyses showed the D200 plants were more efficient in terms of primary photochemistry of photosystem II and performance indices. Furthermore, the quantum yields and efficiencies that represent the critical steps of photosynthetic light reactions were analyzed and it was found that D200 plants were photosynthetically more active than the WT plants under salt stress conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that the D200 gene is a potential candidate gene for developing stress-resilient crops in future.
{"title":"In vivo assessment of salinity stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Solanum tuberosum D200 gene","authors":"M. Gururani","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.072","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a potato D200 gene encoding a hypothetical protein were subjected to salinity stress and assessed for their tolerance. The D200 Arabidopsis lines exhibited increased chlorophyll content, improved stomatal conductance, less electrolyte leakage, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and a higher amount of proline compared to the wild type (WT) plants under salinity stress. The gene expression analysis revealed that D200 plants accumulated a significantly higher amount of mRNA transcripts of genes encoding three major antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics analyses showed the D200 plants were more efficient in terms of primary photochemistry of photosystem II and performance indices. Furthermore, the quantum yields and efficiencies that represent the critical steps of photosynthetic light reactions were analyzed and it was found that D200 plants were photosynthetically more active than the WT plants under salt stress conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that the D200 gene is a potential candidate gene for developing stress-resilient crops in future.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46540005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Li, G. Su, A. Ntambiyukuri, B. Tong, J. Zhan, A. Q. Wang, D. Xiao, L-F. He
Thioredoxins (Trx) are small multifunctional redox proteins that contain thioredoxin conserved domain and active site WCXXC. The Trx family has an important role in multiple processes, including electron transport, seed germination, redox regulation, biotic and abiotic stresses resistance, etc . Although Trx genes have been extensively characterized in some plants, they have not been reported in peanut until now. The identification of AhTrx genes provides potential candidate genes for studying their effects and regulatory mechanisms in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and development, especially under aluminium (Al) stress. It is also helpful to further analyze the Al resistance pathway in plants. Seventy AhTrx genes were identified using a genome-wide search method and conservative domain analysis. Then the basic physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and promoter prediction were studied by the bioinformatic methods. Furthermore, the expressions of AhTrx genes under different Al treatment times in two peanut cultivars were tested using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Seventy AhTrx genes were identified and characterized. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all AhTrx members could be classified into 9 groups with different conserved domains. Motif 1 was found to exist in every sequence, with an active site. Furthermore, the gene structures showed that the AhTrx family was complicated and changeable during evolution. The chromosomal localization indicated that the distribution and density of the Trx family on 20 peanut chromosomes were uneven. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that AhTrx proteins might play a role in phytohormones synthesis and stress response. Finally, the expression patterns of the AhTrx genes showed that every gene was differently expressed under Al treatment in different peanut cultivars, some were obvious, others had no significant difference, some were at a high level, while others were at a low level. This study systematically identifies the Trx gene family in peanut, providing some candidates for further study on its effects and regulatory mechanism under Al stress in peanut.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the AhTrx family genes in peanut","authors":"X. Li, G. Su, A. Ntambiyukuri, B. Tong, J. Zhan, A. Q. Wang, D. Xiao, L-F. He","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.077","url":null,"abstract":"Thioredoxins (Trx) are small multifunctional redox proteins that contain thioredoxin conserved domain and active site WCXXC. The Trx family has an important role in multiple processes, including electron transport, seed germination, redox regulation, biotic and abiotic stresses resistance, etc . Although Trx genes have been extensively characterized in some plants, they have not been reported in peanut until now. The identification of AhTrx genes provides potential candidate genes for studying their effects and regulatory mechanisms in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and development, especially under aluminium (Al) stress. It is also helpful to further analyze the Al resistance pathway in plants. Seventy AhTrx genes were identified using a genome-wide search method and conservative domain analysis. Then the basic physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and promoter prediction were studied by the bioinformatic methods. Furthermore, the expressions of AhTrx genes under different Al treatment times in two peanut cultivars were tested using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Seventy AhTrx genes were identified and characterized. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all AhTrx members could be classified into 9 groups with different conserved domains. Motif 1 was found to exist in every sequence, with an active site. Furthermore, the gene structures showed that the AhTrx family was complicated and changeable during evolution. The chromosomal localization indicated that the distribution and density of the Trx family on 20 peanut chromosomes were uneven. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that AhTrx proteins might play a role in phytohormones synthesis and stress response. Finally, the expression patterns of the AhTrx genes showed that every gene was differently expressed under Al treatment in different peanut cultivars, some were obvious, others had no significant difference, some were at a high level, while others were at a low level. This study systematically identifies the Trx gene family in peanut, providing some candidates for further study on its effects and regulatory mechanism under Al stress in peanut.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Che, Yueyue Liao, Xue Fu, Y. Yue, N. Zhang, H. Si
Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Eshu 10 was used to investigate the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA), and low-temperature stress on changes of hormone content, expression patterns of StTCP15 gene, and tuber dormancy characteristics. Under GA 3 treatment and low-temperature stress, tuber dormancy was broken in about one week sooner compared with the control group, but ABA treatment did not significantly promote the breaking of tuber dormancy. The results of hormone determination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) showed that the content of ABA in tubers treated with GA 3 or low-temperature stress was lower than in the control group, and it was higher than in the control group under ABA treatment. The GA 3 content of tubers was higher than in the control group under GA 3 treatment and lower under low-temperature stress. During dormancy, the ABA content continued to increase and GA 3 content fluctuated, ABA content rapidly decreased and GA 3 content rapidly increased when the dormancy was breaking, and both ABA content and GA 3 content increased during germination. The results from the assay of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of the StTCP15 gene was continuously increased during the dormant period in all groups, and the expression of the StTCP15 gene was the highest at the time of dormancy release. The expression of the StTCP15 gene was increased about 15 times on the 7 th d under low-temperature stress and was restored at room temperature. Thus, the StTCP15 gene can respond to GA 3 , ABA, and low-temperature stress and may be involved in the release of potato tuber dormancy.
{"title":"Regulation of StTCP15 gene expression and tuber dormancy characteristics of potato by gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and low temperature","authors":"Y. Che, Yueyue Liao, Xue Fu, Y. Yue, N. Zhang, H. Si","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.065","url":null,"abstract":"Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Eshu 10 was used to investigate the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), abscisic acid (ABA), and low-temperature stress on changes of hormone content, expression patterns of StTCP15 gene, and tuber dormancy characteristics. Under GA 3 treatment and low-temperature stress, tuber dormancy was broken in about one week sooner compared with the control group, but ABA treatment did not significantly promote the breaking of tuber dormancy. The results of hormone determination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) showed that the content of ABA in tubers treated with GA 3 or low-temperature stress was lower than in the control group, and it was higher than in the control group under ABA treatment. The GA 3 content of tubers was higher than in the control group under GA 3 treatment and lower under low-temperature stress. During dormancy, the ABA content continued to increase and GA 3 content fluctuated, ABA content rapidly decreased and GA 3 content rapidly increased when the dormancy was breaking, and both ABA content and GA 3 content increased during germination. The results from the assay of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of the StTCP15 gene was continuously increased during the dormant period in all groups, and the expression of the StTCP15 gene was the highest at the time of dormancy release. The expression of the StTCP15 gene was increased about 15 times on the 7 th d under low-temperature stress and was restored at room temperature. Thus, the StTCP15 gene can respond to GA 3 , ABA, and low-temperature stress and may be involved in the release of potato tuber dormancy.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Li, J. Sun, J. L. Men, H. Li, G. Wang, S. Wang, J. Wang
GAGA-25 - GATA transcription factor 25; HDAC9 - histone deacetylase 9; HLM2B - histone-lysine_N-methyltransferase 2B; NtaA - N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 16, NatA auxiliary; pbP - peroxisome biogenesis protein 22-like; RFU1 - RING finger ubiquitin ligase; RT-qPCR reverse transcription qPCR; RUB1 - ubiquitin-NEDD8-like protein RUB1; STAM - Stam binding; TL-OEMC - translocon at the outer membrane of chloroplasts 64; UPF3 - UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog UPF3; V - variation. Abstract Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is an important tool for gene expression analysis. Suitable reference genes are the basis of accurate and reliable RT-qPCR results. Litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important tropical and subtropical fruit, but rapid pericarp browning is a substantial negative impact on its commercial use. Reference gene validation could help in the screening for genes involved in the browning mechanism. We assessed 15 new candidate reference genes from litchi transcriptome to determine stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of pericarps from different cultivars, with differing postharvest storage, and under pathogenic stress. Ct values, geNorm , Normfinder , and RefFinder algorithms, were used to identify genes with the most stable transcription. GAGA-25 was the gene with the most stable transcription for comparing different varieties of the fresh pericarp. HDAC9 was the gene with the most stable transcription for postharvest pericarp. STAM was the gene with the most stable transcription for inoculated pericarp. Of the candidate reference genes, GAGA-25 was the most stable reference gene across the complete sample set. This study evaluated reference gene stability for RT-qPCR in litchi pericarp. This work provides a foundation for using qPCR to study gene function and molecular mechanism studies of litchi pericarp browning.
{"title":"Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis","authors":"F. Li, J. Sun, J. L. Men, H. Li, G. Wang, S. Wang, J. Wang","doi":"10.32615/bp.2021.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2021.066","url":null,"abstract":"GAGA-25 - GATA transcription factor 25; HDAC9 - histone deacetylase 9; HLM2B - histone-lysine_N-methyltransferase 2B; NtaA - N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 16, NatA auxiliary; pbP - peroxisome biogenesis protein 22-like; RFU1 - RING finger ubiquitin ligase; RT-qPCR reverse transcription qPCR; RUB1 - ubiquitin-NEDD8-like protein RUB1; STAM - Stam binding; TL-OEMC - translocon at the outer membrane of chloroplasts 64; UPF3 - UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog UPF3; V - variation. Abstract Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is an important tool for gene expression analysis. Suitable reference genes are the basis of accurate and reliable RT-qPCR results. Litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important tropical and subtropical fruit, but rapid pericarp browning is a substantial negative impact on its commercial use. Reference gene validation could help in the screening for genes involved in the browning mechanism. We assessed 15 new candidate reference genes from litchi transcriptome to determine stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of pericarps from different cultivars, with differing postharvest storage, and under pathogenic stress. Ct values, geNorm , Normfinder , and RefFinder algorithms, were used to identify genes with the most stable transcription. GAGA-25 was the gene with the most stable transcription for comparing different varieties of the fresh pericarp. HDAC9 was the gene with the most stable transcription for postharvest pericarp. STAM was the gene with the most stable transcription for inoculated pericarp. Of the candidate reference genes, GAGA-25 was the most stable reference gene across the complete sample set. This study evaluated reference gene stability for RT-qPCR in litchi pericarp. This work provides a foundation for using qPCR to study gene function and molecular mechanism studies of litchi pericarp browning.","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01Epub Date: 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00973-1
Andrea Iannello, Silvia Deaglio, Tiziana Vaisitti
Opinion statement: In the last 10-15 years, the way to treat cancers has dramatically changed towards precision medicine approaches. These treatment options are mainly based on selective targeting against signaling pathways critical for or detrimentally activated in cancer cells in cancer cells, as well as exploiting molecules that are specifically expressed on neoplastic cells, also known as tumor-associated antigens. These considerations hold true also in the hematological field where a plethora of novel targeted agents have reached patients' bedside, significantly improving clinical responses. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of how targeted therapies, such as BTK, PI3K, or Bcl-2 inhibitors as well as anti-CD20 antibodies, have improved patients' management, even when adopted as frontline treatment. However, these advancements do not apply to Richter's syndrome (RS), the transformation of CLL into a very aggressive and fatal lymphoma, occurring in 2-10% of patients. RS is usually a fast-growing lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell or the Hodgkin's variant, with a dismal prognosis. Despite advancements in depicting and understanding the genetic background of RS and its pathogenesis, no significant clinical results have been registered. In the last couple of years, several studies have started to investigate the impact of novel drugs or drug combinations and some of them have opened for clinical trials, currently in phase I or II, whose results will be soon available. This review will present an overview of current and most recent therapeutic options in RS, discussing also how results coming from xenograft models may help in designing and identifying novel treatment opportunities to overcome the lack of effective therapies.
{"title":"Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Patients with Richter's Syndrome.","authors":"Andrea Iannello, Silvia Deaglio, Tiziana Vaisitti","doi":"10.1007/s11864-022-00973-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-022-00973-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>In the last 10-15 years, the way to treat cancers has dramatically changed towards precision medicine approaches. These treatment options are mainly based on selective targeting against signaling pathways critical for or detrimentally activated in cancer cells in cancer cells, as well as exploiting molecules that are specifically expressed on neoplastic cells, also known as tumor-associated antigens. These considerations hold true also in the hematological field where a plethora of novel targeted agents have reached patients' bedside, significantly improving clinical responses. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of how targeted therapies, such as BTK, PI3K, or Bcl-2 inhibitors as well as anti-CD20 antibodies, have improved patients' management, even when adopted as frontline treatment. However, these advancements do not apply to Richter's syndrome (RS), the transformation of CLL into a very aggressive and fatal lymphoma, occurring in 2-10% of patients. RS is usually a fast-growing lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell or the Hodgkin's variant, with a dismal prognosis. Despite advancements in depicting and understanding the genetic background of RS and its pathogenesis, no significant clinical results have been registered. In the last couple of years, several studies have started to investigate the impact of novel drugs or drug combinations and some of them have opened for clinical trials, currently in phase I or II, whose results will be soon available. This review will present an overview of current and most recent therapeutic options in RS, discussing also how results coming from xenograft models may help in designing and identifying novel treatment opportunities to overcome the lack of effective therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8912,"journal":{"name":"Biologia Plantarum","volume":"37 1","pages":"526-542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8989931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74210840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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