Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.805
G. Teshome, Teshome Ayalew
Introduction: The Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic remains one of the main public health challenges especially in low- and middle-income countries. At the end of 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV globally. In sub-Saharan African countries, estimated 1.9 million became infected. In Ethiopia HIV adult prevalence was estimated at 1.5% in 2011. Objective: The Objective of this study is to Assesses Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy at Chiro Hospital, West Hararghe. Ethiopia, from March 2017 to April 2017. Methods: This study was conducted at Chiro Zonal Hospital. It is found in West Harangue Zone, Chiro woreda administration, Located 333 kilometer far away from the capital city Addis Ababa in the south East of Ethiopia. In this study Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size is 279 PLWHAs, which is calculated by using the formula for the estimation of single proportion. The study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using face to face interview with version of Afan Oromo language. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression model will be used to identify independent predictor of malnutrition. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant as well as odds ratio at 95% confidence interval is used to examine the precision and strength of association between malnutrition and associated factors. Results: In this study the overall prevalence of malnutrition was 22.2%. The mean BMI was 20.7 & SD ± 2.979. in relation with Gender, malnourished Females were 53% and male 47.%. After full control of all variables; Anemia (AOR=3.792: 95% CI, 1.782-8.067), WHO clinical stage 2 (AOR=6.208: 95% CI, 2.141-17.999). Tuberculosis, (AOR=8.033:95% CI, 2.023-31.900), Eating Problem (AOR=3.451: 95% CI, 1.564-8.067). were significantly associated with malnutrition. However, taking Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) were found to be protective factor for malnutrition (AOR=3.426: 95% CI, 1.648-7.120) Conclusion: From this study it has been learnt that ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) supplement programs should be an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care. Furthermore, it needs to improve Opportunistic infection and nutritional screening and management. Nutritional Counseling & education service will be strengthening at all ART service providing unit.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malnutrition and its Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive Clients on Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Chiro Zonal Hospital, West Hararghe Oromia Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"G. Teshome, Teshome Ayalew","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.805","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic remains one of the main public health challenges especially in low- and middle-income countries. At the end of 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV globally. In sub-Saharan African countries, estimated 1.9 million became infected. In Ethiopia HIV adult prevalence was estimated at 1.5% in 2011. Objective: The Objective of this study is to Assesses Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy at Chiro Hospital, West Hararghe. Ethiopia, from March 2017 to April 2017. Methods: This study was conducted at Chiro Zonal Hospital. It is found in West Harangue Zone, Chiro woreda administration, Located 333 kilometer far away from the capital city Addis Ababa in the south East of Ethiopia. In this study Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size is 279 PLWHAs, which is calculated by using the formula for the estimation of single proportion. The study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using face to face interview with version of Afan Oromo language. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression model will be used to identify independent predictor of malnutrition. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant as well as odds ratio at 95% confidence interval is used to examine the precision and strength of association between malnutrition and associated factors. Results: In this study the overall prevalence of malnutrition was 22.2%. The mean BMI was 20.7 & SD ± 2.979. in relation with Gender, malnourished Females were 53% and male 47.%. After full control of all variables; Anemia (AOR=3.792: 95% CI, 1.782-8.067), WHO clinical stage 2 (AOR=6.208: 95% CI, 2.141-17.999). Tuberculosis, (AOR=8.033:95% CI, 2.023-31.900), Eating Problem (AOR=3.451: 95% CI, 1.564-8.067). were significantly associated with malnutrition. However, taking Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) were found to be protective factor for malnutrition (AOR=3.426: 95% CI, 1.648-7.120) Conclusion: From this study it has been learnt that ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) supplement programs should be an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care. Furthermore, it needs to improve Opportunistic infection and nutritional screening and management. Nutritional Counseling & education service will be strengthening at all ART service providing unit.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.822
M. Kassim, Nor Asiah Muhammad, Muhd Hafizuddin Taufik Ramli, A. Azman, Mohd Hazrin Hashim, Hanif bin Bistari, Fazila Haryati Ahmad, N. A. Shahein, Muhammad Solihin Rezali, C. Ying, Norhafizah Sahril, Norwazli Bt Abdul Wahab, M. Mutalip, Noor Ani Ahmad
Background: HIV Stigma impeded the screening, treatment and compliance of HIV/AIDS management. Therefore, the data on the burden of HIV stigma is vital. This study aims to examine the cross-cultural translation adaption of the Malay version of HIV Stigma Questionnaires and also examine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: The standard English version of the HIV Stigma Questionnaire by The Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group (GSDIWG) and STRIVE research consortium was undergone a Malay translation via forward-backward methods. Content validity by the expert committees and reliability by preliminary pilot testing was done. Results: The content validity was approved by the expert committees with acceptable reliability during the preliminary survey analysis. Internal consistency was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.76. Conclusion: The validation of the Malay version of HIV Stigma questionnaire reveals an excellent cross-cultural adaption, content validation and reliability. This Malay version is open for potential Malaysia’s HIV Stigma studies in the future in parallel with our national strategic planning on HIV to end HIV by 2030. Background: HIV Stigma impeded the screening, treatment and compliance of HIV/AIDS management. Therefore, the data on the burden of HIV stigma is vital. This study aims to examine the cross-cultural translation adaption of the Malay version of HIV Stigma Questionnaires and also examine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: The standard English version of the HIV Stigma Questionnaire by The Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group (GSDIWG) and STRIVE research consortium was undergone a Malay translation via forward-backward methods. Content validity by the expert committees and reliability by preliminary pilot testing was done. Results: The content validity was approved by the expert committees with acceptable reliability during the preliminary survey analysis. Internal consistency was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.76. Conclusion: The validation of the Malay version of HIV Stigma questionnaire reveals an excellent cross-cultural adaption, content validation and reliability. This Malay version is open for potential Malaysia’s HIV Stigma studies in the future in parallel with our national strategic planning on HIV to end HIV by 2030.
{"title":"Development of the Malay Version of the English HIV Stigma Questionnaire: A Review","authors":"M. Kassim, Nor Asiah Muhammad, Muhd Hafizuddin Taufik Ramli, A. Azman, Mohd Hazrin Hashim, Hanif bin Bistari, Fazila Haryati Ahmad, N. A. Shahein, Muhammad Solihin Rezali, C. Ying, Norhafizah Sahril, Norwazli Bt Abdul Wahab, M. Mutalip, Noor Ani Ahmad","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.822","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV Stigma impeded the screening, treatment and compliance of HIV/AIDS management. Therefore, the data on the burden of HIV stigma is vital. This study aims to examine the cross-cultural translation adaption of the Malay version of HIV Stigma Questionnaires and also examine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: The standard English version of the HIV Stigma Questionnaire by The Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group (GSDIWG) and STRIVE research consortium was undergone a Malay translation via forward-backward methods. Content validity by the expert committees and reliability by preliminary pilot testing was done. Results: The content validity was approved by the expert committees with acceptable reliability during the preliminary survey analysis. Internal consistency was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.76. Conclusion: The validation of the Malay version of HIV Stigma questionnaire reveals an excellent cross-cultural adaption, content validation and reliability. This Malay version is open for potential Malaysia’s HIV Stigma studies in the future in parallel with our national strategic planning on HIV to end HIV by 2030. Background: HIV Stigma impeded the screening, treatment and compliance of HIV/AIDS management. Therefore, the data on the burden of HIV stigma is vital. This study aims to examine the cross-cultural translation adaption of the Malay version of HIV Stigma Questionnaires and also examine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: The standard English version of the HIV Stigma Questionnaire by The Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group (GSDIWG) and STRIVE research consortium was undergone a Malay translation via forward-backward methods. Content validity by the expert committees and reliability by preliminary pilot testing was done. Results: The content validity was approved by the expert committees with acceptable reliability during the preliminary survey analysis. Internal consistency was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.76. Conclusion: The validation of the Malay version of HIV Stigma questionnaire reveals an excellent cross-cultural adaption, content validation and reliability. This Malay version is open for potential Malaysia’s HIV Stigma studies in the future in parallel with our national strategic planning on HIV to end HIV by 2030.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.811
Rajender Singh, Nazish Fatima, Abhay Srivastava, M. Shammem, I. Shukla
Background: HIV seems to be a major public health challenges for all over the world especially in developing countries like India. Objective: To study the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/AIDS attending a standalone ICTC centre at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC center at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh. Result: Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 5.04% in and around Aligarh region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV positive patients (35.82%) belonged to 25-34 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV positive patients followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhoea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (61.19%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Most of the patients had a baseline CD4 count level below 200/μl. Conclusion: The majority of HIV/AIDS-affected persons were in the economically productive age group. The educational level, occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, and affected region were found to be associated. Heterosexual is the commonest mode of transmission. Most of the patients reported at an early phase of disease.
{"title":"Clinical profile of HIV sero-positives attending ICTC centre in district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh: A Descriptive Analysis","authors":"Rajender Singh, Nazish Fatima, Abhay Srivastava, M. Shammem, I. Shukla","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.811","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV seems to be a major public health challenges for all over the world especially in developing countries like India. Objective: To study the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/AIDS attending a standalone ICTC centre at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC center at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh. Result: Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 5.04% in and around Aligarh region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV positive patients (35.82%) belonged to 25-34 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV positive patients followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhoea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (61.19%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Most of the patients had a baseline CD4 count level below 200/μl. Conclusion: The majority of HIV/AIDS-affected persons were in the economically productive age group. The educational level, occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, and affected region were found to be associated. Heterosexual is the commonest mode of transmission. Most of the patients reported at an early phase of disease.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.808
Firew Tiruneh
Background: Children aged below 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Sadly, Human Immunodeficiency Virus contribute for 50% of tuberculosis. In 2017, an estimated 1 million children became ill with TB and 230 000 children died of TB. Even though the use of HAART reduces TB incidence, wide Studies are showing opposing finding. Tuberculosis and Pneumonia are predominantly common among HIV infected children. Ethiopia is one of 22 the high TB burden country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of highly active anti-retro viral therapy on the incidence of tuberculosis among children and their clinical profiles. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used on 800 HIV-positive Children younger than 15years old; from 2009 to 2014. Incidence rate was calculated by open Epi. Kaplan-Meier technique and the generalized log-rank test was used to construct and compare the tuberculosis-free survival probabilities for both Pre-HAART and HAART following children. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess predictors of TB. Results: In HAART cohort the incidence of TB is (70) 3.59 per 100PYO at (2.8, 4.538 with 95% CI). In HAART naive (87) 4.63 per 100 PYO (3.705, 5.706 with 95% CI). The Kaplan Meir analysis for the overall comparison showed (log rank test statistic=1.029, DF=1, P=0.310). The predictors for TB incidence in this study are CD4 below threshold, gender being female and WHO clinical stage III or IV. Conclusion: Though the incidence in HAART cohort looks lower mathematically, there is no statistically significant difference. TB, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, and Dermatitis are the most clinically profiled opportunistic infections.
{"title":"Tuberculosis Incidence among HIV Infected Children on HAART and their Clinical Profile, Retrospective Cohort Study, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Firew Tiruneh","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.808","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children aged below 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Sadly, Human Immunodeficiency Virus contribute for 50% of tuberculosis. In 2017, an estimated 1 million children became ill with TB and 230 000 children died of TB. Even though the use of HAART reduces TB incidence, wide Studies are showing opposing finding. Tuberculosis and Pneumonia are predominantly common among HIV infected children. Ethiopia is one of 22 the high TB burden country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of highly active anti-retro viral therapy on the incidence of tuberculosis among children and their clinical profiles. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used on 800 HIV-positive Children younger than 15years old; from 2009 to 2014. Incidence rate was calculated by open Epi. Kaplan-Meier technique and the generalized log-rank test was used to construct and compare the tuberculosis-free survival probabilities for both Pre-HAART and HAART following children. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess predictors of TB. Results: In HAART cohort the incidence of TB is (70) 3.59 per 100PYO at (2.8, 4.538 with 95% CI). In HAART naive (87) 4.63 per 100 PYO (3.705, 5.706 with 95% CI). The Kaplan Meir analysis for the overall comparison showed (log rank test statistic=1.029, DF=1, P=0.310). The predictors for TB incidence in this study are CD4 below threshold, gender being female and WHO clinical stage III or IV. Conclusion: Though the incidence in HAART cohort looks lower mathematically, there is no statistically significant difference. TB, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, and Dermatitis are the most clinically profiled opportunistic infections.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.816
Mesfin Tafa Segni, Yosef Gudeta, Z. Birhanu, Hirpo Teno
Background: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) is extremely important as majority of children with HIV become infected through mother to child transmission. The involvement of male in PMTCT has vital importance in reducing HIV infections from mother to child. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the level of male partner involvement in PMTCT HIV/AIDS in Primary Health Care of Adama district East Shawa, Oromia. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was conducted among 752 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Respondents were consecutively approached until sample size required was achieved and the study involved both quantitative and qualitative study design. The data were analysed using SPSS for window version 21 and odds ratio was computed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to assess association between dependent and independent variable. Results: Only 61% of male partner accompany their wives to antenatal clinic or prevention of mother to child transmission services. The independent predictors of male partner involvement were age of husband (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.3), occupation of husband (AOR=0.05, 95% CI: 0.004,0.64), family income (AOR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01,0.10), HIV test result disclosure and suggestion (AOR=3.9, 95% CI=1.7,9.0), ever had partner visited antenatal care (AOR=10.3, 95% CI=4.5,23.5) and reminding partner (AOR=8.91, 95% CI=4.10,19.35, ). Conclusions and recommendations: the level of male involvement was 61%. It is important to develop strategies of tracing mechanism in providing information for couples on PMTCT services in order to increase male involvement in ANC/PMTCT.
{"title":"Male Partner Involvement in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS at Primary Health Care Unit of Adama Districts, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Mesfin Tafa Segni, Yosef Gudeta, Z. Birhanu, Hirpo Teno","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.816","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) is extremely important as majority of children with HIV become infected through mother to child transmission. The involvement of male in PMTCT has vital importance in reducing HIV infections from mother to child. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the level of male partner involvement in PMTCT HIV/AIDS in Primary Health Care of Adama district East Shawa, Oromia. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was conducted among 752 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Respondents were consecutively approached until sample size required was achieved and the study involved both quantitative and qualitative study design. The data were analysed using SPSS for window version 21 and odds ratio was computed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to assess association between dependent and independent variable. Results: Only 61% of male partner accompany their wives to antenatal clinic or prevention of mother to child transmission services. The independent predictors of male partner involvement were age of husband (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.3), occupation of husband (AOR=0.05, 95% CI: 0.004,0.64), family income (AOR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01,0.10), HIV test result disclosure and suggestion (AOR=3.9, 95% CI=1.7,9.0), ever had partner visited antenatal care (AOR=10.3, 95% CI=4.5,23.5) and reminding partner (AOR=8.91, 95% CI=4.10,19.35, ). Conclusions and recommendations: the level of male involvement was 61%. It is important to develop strategies of tracing mechanism in providing information for couples on PMTCT services in order to increase male involvement in ANC/PMTCT.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.807
D. Konaté, W. Traore, H. Dahourou, C. Ouédraogo, A. Bambara-Kankouan, A. Somda, A. Guiré, Tanga Kiemtoré, N. Barro, L. Sangaré
Background: New cases of HIV/AIDS are still being reported and threaten the achievement of the HIV-1 elimination goal in Burkina Faso. An adequate assessment of the extent of this problem is key to redistributing available resources. HIV-1 incidence and associated risk factors among pregnant women estimated in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in all 13 administrative regions of Burkina Faso from 2012 to 2016. Collected sera analyzed by Vironostika HIV Uniform II Plus O, ImmunoComb II HIV-1 & 2 Bispot, HIV BLOT 2.2 assays to determine serological status. HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA performed on HIV-1 positive samples to differentiate between recent and old infections. Sociodemographic information collected for all participants. Data analysis performed using EPI Info and XLSTAT. Results: A total of 36,848 pregnant women included in the analyses. Serological testing showed 483 HIV-1 positive, 18 HIV-2 positive, 7 HIV-1 + 2 coinfection cases. Overall, 355 HIV-1 positive samples tested with HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA; the remaining samples had insufficient volume to be tested. The adjusted incidence rates were 0.17% and 0.09% (p=0.0919) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Sociodemographic factors associated with recent infections included the 25-34 and ≥35 year age groups, high education level, household and secretary occupations, trader wife, civil servant wife, residence in urban sites, being married, a length of stay in the administrative region of <1 year. Conclusion: HIV-1 incidence is decreasing in Burkina Faso. However, women with certain risk factors should be targeted in prevention programs to reach the country’s HIV-1 elimination goal.
背景:新的艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例仍在不断报告，威胁着布基纳法索消除艾滋病毒/艾滋病目标的实现。充分评估这一问题的严重程度是重新分配现有资源的关键。估计布基纳法索孕妇中HIV-1发病率和相关危险因素。材料和方法:我们对2012年至2016年布基纳法索所有13个行政区的孕妇进行了横断面调查。收集的血清采用Vironostika HIV Uniform II Plus O、ImmunoComb II HIV-1 & 2 Bispot、HIV BLOT 2.2检测，确定血清学状态。HIV-1 LAg-Avidity对HIV-1阳性样本进行EIA，以区分近期感染和旧感染。收集所有参与者的社会人口学信息。使用EPI Info和XLSTAT执行数据分析。结果:共有36848名孕妇纳入分析。血清学检测HIV-1阳性483例，HIV-2阳性18例，HIV-1 + 2合并感染7例。总体而言，355例HIV-1阳性样本进行了HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA检测;剩余的样品没有足够的容量进行测试。2015年和2016年调整后的发病率分别为0.17%和0.09% (p=0.0919)。与近期感染相关的社会人口因素包括25-34岁和≥35岁年龄组、高学历、家庭和秘书职业、商人妻子、公务员妻子、居住在城市、已婚、在行政区域居住时间<1年。结论:HIV-1在布基纳法索的发病率正在下降。然而，具有某些危险因素的妇女应该成为预防项目的目标，以达到国家消除艾滋病毒的目标。
{"title":"Incidence and Risk Factors of HIV-1 Infections among Pregnant Women in Burkina Faso from 2012 to 2016","authors":"D. Konaté, W. Traore, H. Dahourou, C. Ouédraogo, A. Bambara-Kankouan, A. Somda, A. Guiré, Tanga Kiemtoré, N. Barro, L. Sangaré","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2020.11.807","url":null,"abstract":"Background: New cases of HIV/AIDS are still being reported and threaten the achievement of the HIV-1 elimination goal in Burkina Faso. An adequate assessment of the extent of this problem is key to redistributing available resources. HIV-1 incidence and associated risk factors among pregnant women estimated in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in all 13 administrative regions of Burkina Faso from 2012 to 2016. Collected sera analyzed by Vironostika HIV Uniform II Plus O, ImmunoComb II HIV-1 & 2 Bispot, HIV BLOT 2.2 assays to determine serological status. HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA performed on HIV-1 positive samples to differentiate between recent and old infections. Sociodemographic information collected for all participants. Data analysis performed using EPI Info and XLSTAT. Results: A total of 36,848 pregnant women included in the analyses. Serological testing showed 483 HIV-1 positive, 18 HIV-2 positive, 7 HIV-1 + 2 coinfection cases. Overall, 355 HIV-1 positive samples tested with HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA; the remaining samples had insufficient volume to be tested. The adjusted incidence rates were 0.17% and 0.09% (p=0.0919) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Sociodemographic factors associated with recent infections included the 25-34 and ≥35 year age groups, high education level, household and secretary occupations, trader wife, civil servant wife, residence in urban sites, being married, a length of stay in the administrative region of <1 year. Conclusion: HIV-1 incidence is decreasing in Burkina Faso. However, women with certain risk factors should be targeted in prevention programs to reach the country’s HIV-1 elimination goal.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.819
Myroslawa Happea, B. Wolf, Ronald Washburna, Heather Hughesa, Jian-chao Wei, Julie Westerinka
Abstract Background: Both normal aging and HIV infection impact B cell functionality and lead to activation of resting B cells, memory cell depletion and altered gene expression. As a result, HIV+ individuals and the elderly fail to demonstrate robust and durable immune responses against pneumococcal polysaccharides. Herein, we assessed altered B cell function in high risk groups by utilizing single cell technology. Methods: HIV-positive individuals with CD4+T cell counts >200 on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and HIV-negative individuals age groups 21-40 and 50-65 received pneumococcal vaccination. Serum IgG and IgM PPS-specific antibodies were measured pre- and post-immunization using ELISA method. Evaluation of B cells was performed using flow cytometry and single cell RT-PCR. Results: IgM memory B cells are important players in responding to pneumococcal antigens and are present in reduced quantities in HIV+ and aging HIV- individuals. Single cell analysis of IgM memory B cells demonstrated heterogeneity and identified two unique subpopulations. One of the subpopulations represents B cells with higher expression of TACI and BAFF-R and is more likely to dominate in T-cell independent immune responses. IgD+IgM+memory B cells were present in equal proportions in both subpopulations. Conclusion: Pneumococcal vaccine responses in HIV+ and aging HIV- individuals are multifactorial and largely depend on the abundance and phenotypic characteristics of IgM memory B cells.
{"title":"IgM Memory B Cell Heterogeneity in Immune Responses to Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-positive and Healthy Individuals","authors":"Myroslawa Happea, B. Wolf, Ronald Washburna, Heather Hughesa, Jian-chao Wei, Julie Westerinka","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.819","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Both normal aging and HIV infection impact B cell functionality and lead to activation of resting B cells, memory cell depletion and altered gene expression. As a result, HIV+ individuals and the elderly fail to demonstrate robust and durable immune responses against pneumococcal polysaccharides. Herein, we assessed altered B cell function in high risk groups by utilizing single cell technology. Methods: HIV-positive individuals with CD4+T cell counts >200 on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and HIV-negative individuals age groups 21-40 and 50-65 received pneumococcal vaccination. Serum IgG and IgM PPS-specific antibodies were measured pre- and post-immunization using ELISA method. Evaluation of B cells was performed using flow cytometry and single cell RT-PCR. Results: IgM memory B cells are important players in responding to pneumococcal antigens and are present in reduced quantities in HIV+ and aging HIV- individuals. Single cell analysis of IgM memory B cells demonstrated heterogeneity and identified two unique subpopulations. One of the subpopulations represents B cells with higher expression of TACI and BAFF-R and is more likely to dominate in T-cell independent immune responses. IgD+IgM+memory B cells were present in equal proportions in both subpopulations. Conclusion: Pneumococcal vaccine responses in HIV+ and aging HIV- individuals are multifactorial and largely depend on the abundance and phenotypic characteristics of IgM memory B cells.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bourahima Kone, Drissa Goita, Oumar Dolo, Daouda Traore, Dramane Sogoba, Amadou Somboro, Moumine Sanogo, Anou M Somboro, Nadie Coulibaly, Alou Sanogo, Zoumana Diarra, Madou Traore, Almoustapha I Maiga, Bocar Baya, Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro, Bassirou Diarra, Amadou Kone, Dramane Diallo, Djeneba Dabitao, Jane L Holl, Michael Belson, Sounkalo Dao, Robert L Murphy, Mahamadou Diakite, Souleymane Diallo, Seydou Doumbia, Mamoudou Maiga
Background: Routine monitoring of HIV-1 Viral Load (VL) is important in patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) management. Access to HIV VL remains a challenge in resource-limited settings, especially in rural areas. Universal access to VL requires more simplified and less restrictive alternatives to current conventional VL methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the new rapid (2-hour turnaround time) Xpert HIV-1VL technique compared to Roche TaqMan and Abbott RT m2000 for HIV-1 RNA quantification in HIV- infected patients.
Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients seen for routine VL monitoring between August and November 2018 in a HIV care site in Bamako. The performance of the Xpert HIV-1 VL assay was evaluated against the Roche TaqMan assay and Abbott m2000 RT assay. Performance, utility and reliability/reproducibility were verified using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), Kappa coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results: The Xpert assay compared well with the two current referral assays (Roche TaqMan and Abbott m2000 RT assays). Compared to Roche TaqMan assay the sensitivity was 93.10%, specificity (97.01%) and accuracy (95.20%), the correlation coefficient of Pearson (r) was 0.98 (p <0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.18 log10 cp/mL; (Standard Deviation) SD=0.33. Compared to the Abbott m2000 RT, the sensitivity, the specificity and the accuracy were respectively 93.44%; 92% and 92.65%. The Xpert HIV-1 VL assay showed a good correlation with a correlation coefficient of Pearson, r=0.99 (p <0.001). The overall mean difference in the HIV-1 VL values obtained by Xpert HIV-1 VL and Abbott m2000 RT assays was 0.08 log10 cp/mL; SD=0.30.
Conclusion: Xpert HIV-1 VL showed a good performance compared to Roche TaqMan and Abbott m2000 RT. With the rapid test results (less than 2 h) and ease of testing individual specimens, the Xpert HIV-1 VL assay could be an effective alternative for HIV VL monitoring in resource-limited settings.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Assay and Roche Taqman and Abbott M2000 RT in Bamako, Mali.","authors":"Bourahima Kone, Drissa Goita, Oumar Dolo, Daouda Traore, Dramane Sogoba, Amadou Somboro, Moumine Sanogo, Anou M Somboro, Nadie Coulibaly, Alou Sanogo, Zoumana Diarra, Madou Traore, Almoustapha I Maiga, Bocar Baya, Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro, Bassirou Diarra, Amadou Kone, Dramane Diallo, Djeneba Dabitao, Jane L Holl, Michael Belson, Sounkalo Dao, Robert L Murphy, Mahamadou Diakite, Souleymane Diallo, Seydou Doumbia, Mamoudou Maiga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Routine monitoring of HIV-1 Viral Load (VL) is important in patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) management. Access to HIV VL remains a challenge in resource-limited settings, especially in rural areas. Universal access to VL requires more simplified and less restrictive alternatives to current conventional VL methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the new rapid (2-hour turnaround time) Xpert HIV-1VL technique compared to Roche TaqMan and Abbott RT m2000 for HIV-1 RNA quantification in HIV- infected patients.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients seen for routine VL monitoring between August and November 2018 in a HIV care site in Bamako. The performance of the Xpert HIV-1 VL assay was evaluated against the Roche TaqMan assay and Abbott m2000 RT assay. Performance, utility and reliability/reproducibility were verified using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), Kappa coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Xpert assay compared well with the two current referral assays (Roche TaqMan and Abbott m2000 RT assays). Compared to Roche TaqMan assay the sensitivity was 93.10%, specificity (97.01%) and accuracy (95.20%), the correlation coefficient of Pearson (r) was 0.98 (p <0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.18 log10 cp/mL; (Standard Deviation) SD=0.33. Compared to the Abbott m2000 RT, the sensitivity, the specificity and the accuracy were respectively 93.44%; 92% and 92.65%. The Xpert HIV-1 VL assay showed a good correlation with a correlation coefficient of Pearson, r=0.99 (p <0.001). The overall mean difference in the HIV-1 VL values obtained by Xpert HIV-1 VL and Abbott m2000 RT assays was 0.08 log10 cp/mL; SD=0.30.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Xpert HIV-1 VL showed a good performance compared to Roche TaqMan and Abbott m2000 RT. With the rapid test results (less than 2 h) and ease of testing individual specimens, the Xpert HIV-1 VL assay could be an effective alternative for HIV VL monitoring in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8294115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39210643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.833
W. Ayele, S. Getahun, Mastewal Arefayne Temesgen
Background: One of the most difficult issues that families with HIV-infected children and their medical providers face is disclosing their HIV status to their child. Despite emerging evidence of the benefits of disclosure, its prevalence is low, and the predictors for non-disclosure remain clinical dilemma. Therefore, this study aimed to explore determinants of HIV status disclosure among 5-14 years age children in Dessie town, Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 1 to February 30, 2019. Interviewer based questionnaire was used for data collection from a total of 387 children on ART /care givers pairs. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS version 23 software. Result: A total of 374 children/caregiver pairs were included in the study, making 96.6% 96.6% of response rate. In multivariable logistic regression model, presence of organizational support (AOR=27.77, 95% CI: 12.472, 61.819), child age of 10 to 14 years (AOR= 3, 95% CI; 1.423, 6.536) and conducting of discussion with health care providers (AOR=17.65, 95% CI; 6.611, 47.002) predicted children’s HIV disclosure status. Conclusion: Presence of organizational support, child age of 10 to 14 years, and care givers discussion with health care providers were statistically significantly associated with HIV status disclosure. Further qualitative and community based research may reveal more on these and other factors; organizational support strategy may address some of these determinants.
{"title":"Determinants of HIV/AIDS Disclosure in Pediatrics Age from 5-14 Years on ART in South Wollo, North East Ethiopia, 2019: Un-matched Case-Control study","authors":"W. Ayele, S. Getahun, Mastewal Arefayne Temesgen","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.833","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most difficult issues that families with HIV-infected children and their medical providers face is disclosing their HIV status to their child. Despite emerging evidence of the benefits of disclosure, its prevalence is low, and the predictors for non-disclosure remain clinical dilemma. Therefore, this study aimed to explore determinants of HIV status disclosure among 5-14 years age children in Dessie town, Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 1 to February 30, 2019. Interviewer based questionnaire was used for data collection from a total of 387 children on ART /care givers pairs. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS version 23 software. Result: A total of 374 children/caregiver pairs were included in the study, making 96.6% 96.6% of response rate. In multivariable logistic regression model, presence of organizational support (AOR=27.77, 95% CI: 12.472, 61.819), child age of 10 to 14 years (AOR= 3, 95% CI; 1.423, 6.536) and conducting of discussion with health care providers (AOR=17.65, 95% CI; 6.611, 47.002) predicted children’s HIV disclosure status. Conclusion: Presence of organizational support, child age of 10 to 14 years, and care givers discussion with health care providers were statistically significantly associated with HIV status disclosure. Further qualitative and community based research may reveal more on these and other factors; organizational support strategy may address some of these determinants.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.814
Mircea Bajdechi, A. Gurghean, G. Stoian, D. Zaharia, T. Constantinescu, Cristina-Elena Micu, R. Cernat, I. Dumitru, S. Rugina
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection is a separate entity. The prevalence is up to one thousand times higher than in general population. The mechanisms are multifactorial and incompletely elucidated. Echocardiography can suggest the diagnosis, but the gold standard method of diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension is right heart catheterization. We present clinical and paraclinical findings (NYHA, 6MWD, sPAP, RVGLS) and follow-up in two patients living with HIV, who are included in the Romanian National Program of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. In patients, the possible thromboembolism or left heart dysfunction were excluded. Each case has its own particularities, but both of them responded to treatment with sildenafil and improved clinical and paraclinical parameters. Mortality is high, usually due to right heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension is considered an independent predictor of death in HIV-infected patients. Co-management with both a Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) expert and a HIV expert is recommended.
{"title":"Echocardiographic Findings and Follow-Up in Two HIVAssociated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Cases","authors":"Mircea Bajdechi, A. Gurghean, G. Stoian, D. Zaharia, T. Constantinescu, Cristina-Elena Micu, R. Cernat, I. Dumitru, S. Rugina","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.814","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection is a separate entity. The prevalence is up to one thousand times higher than in general population. The mechanisms are multifactorial and incompletely elucidated. Echocardiography can suggest the diagnosis, but the gold standard method of diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension is right heart catheterization. We present clinical and paraclinical findings (NYHA, 6MWD, sPAP, RVGLS) and follow-up in two patients living with HIV, who are included in the Romanian National Program of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. In patients, the possible thromboembolism or left heart dysfunction were excluded. Each case has its own particularities, but both of them responded to treatment with sildenafil and improved clinical and paraclinical parameters. Mortality is high, usually due to right heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension is considered an independent predictor of death in HIV-infected patients. Co-management with both a Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) expert and a HIV expert is recommended.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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