Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-727987/v1
Bahram Bohrani Sefidan, Amin Dehghani Sanij
Background Health worker Needle-stick injury (NSI) by internal body fluids can transmit serious pathogens like HIV. Considering Principles of personal and occupational care, plays an important role in prevention of such events. Case presentation A health worker suffered needle stick injury by aqueous humor of a PCR-positive HIV patient while he was recapping needle despite necessary preparations. Conclusions NSI by Aqueous humor which is secreted from blood, can theoretically transmit blood borne pathogens like HIV. Nevertheless, there is neither any report of aqueous humor NSI nor HIV transmission in this way. Based on our best knowledge this case is the first report represents HIV+ aqueous humor NSI and further evidence is required. Considering literature, we can not conclude whether there was a need for PEP in our case.
{"title":"Needle Stick Injury by Aqueous Humor of a 31 Year Old PCR-Positive HIV Patient, a Case Report","authors":"Bahram Bohrani Sefidan, Amin Dehghani Sanij","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-727987/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-727987/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Health worker Needle-stick injury (NSI) by internal body fluids can transmit serious pathogens like HIV. Considering Principles of personal and occupational care, plays an important role in prevention of such events. Case presentation A health worker suffered needle stick injury by aqueous humor of a PCR-positive HIV patient while he was recapping needle despite necessary preparations. Conclusions NSI by Aqueous humor which is secreted from blood, can theoretically transmit blood borne pathogens like HIV. Nevertheless, there is neither any report of aqueous humor NSI nor HIV transmission in this way. Based on our best knowledge this case is the first report represents HIV+ aqueous humor NSI and further evidence is required. Considering literature, we can not conclude whether there was a need for PEP in our case.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43694414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.858
Shambavi J. Rao, K. Pierre, Luis F. Barroso
When it comes to simple anatomy, the colon, rectum and anus all seem to be part of the same gastrointestinal highway, so wouldn’t the cancers that develop in these different...stretches, be the same? While colon and rectal cancers can be similar and are often referred to collectively as colorectal cancer, anal cancer is completely different in significant ways, including the cell type where cancer begins, the cause of the cancer, who gets this cancer, and how we treat it. Anal cancer is more similar to cervical cancer because the tissue that lines the anus (where anal cancer typically develops) is like the tissue that lines a woman’s cervix. Most anal cancers are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection like cervical cancer, and the precancerous and cancerous changes that we see in the anal canal are also similar to cervical cancer. Cervical disease and analcentric malignancy share numerous likenesses including causation by oncogenic human papillomaviruses; in any case, critical contrasts exist in their study of disease transmission, hazard factors, biologic conduct, the executives, and treatment. Albeit uncommon, the rate of anal-centric malignant growth is alarmingly high and keeps on expanding in high-hazard populaces, especially men who have intercourse with men paying little heed to their human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) status. There are no public evaluating rules for butt-centric malignancy. Utilizing the achievement of cervical malignant growth screening as a model, anal-centric disease screening approaches apply anal-centric cytology, high-goal anoscopy, and guided biopsy to direct treatment and the executives’ techniques.
{"title":"Comparison between Cervical Cancer and Anal Cancer Screening","authors":"Shambavi J. Rao, K. Pierre, Luis F. Barroso","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.858","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to simple anatomy, the colon, rectum and anus all seem to be part of the same gastrointestinal highway, so wouldn’t the cancers that develop in these different...stretches, be the same? While colon and rectal cancers can be similar and are often referred to collectively as colorectal cancer, anal cancer is completely different in significant ways, including the cell type where cancer begins, the cause of the cancer, who gets this cancer, and how we treat it. Anal cancer is more similar to cervical cancer because the tissue that lines the anus (where anal cancer typically develops) is like the tissue that lines a woman’s cervix. Most anal cancers are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection like cervical cancer, and the precancerous and cancerous changes that we see in the anal canal are also similar to cervical cancer. Cervical disease and analcentric malignancy share numerous likenesses including causation by oncogenic human papillomaviruses; in any case, critical contrasts exist in their study of disease transmission, hazard factors, biologic conduct, the executives, and treatment. Albeit uncommon, the rate of anal-centric malignant growth is alarmingly high and keeps on expanding in high-hazard populaces, especially men who have intercourse with men paying little heed to their human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) status. There are no public evaluating rules for butt-centric malignancy. Utilizing the achievement of cervical malignant growth screening as a model, anal-centric disease screening approaches apply anal-centric cytology, high-goal anoscopy, and guided biopsy to direct treatment and the executives’ techniques.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.859
M. Atkinson
{"title":"Existence of a Safety-Net Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)","authors":"M. Atkinson","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.840
Lami Bayisa, Muktar Abadiga, Tadesse Tolosa, A. Oluma, T. Abera, Diriba Mulisa, Ebisa Turi, Eba Abdisa, G. Mamo
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus positive status disclosure deficit continues to drive the infection transmission. The major causes for expansion of HIV infection in developing were due to HIV infected individuals continue to have unprotected sex without informing their status to their sexual partner(s) who may be of negative or unknown sero-status. In the Ethiopia regarding disclosure deficit among people living with HIV there is no adequate findings. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess magnitude of disclosure deficit experienced by people living with HIV and application of the Health Belief Model at Nekemte Specialized Hospital Western, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted to explore HIV disclosure deficit of people living with HIV at ART Clinic of Nekemte specialized hospital, Western Ethiopia from March 5 to April 15, 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 380 PLHIV. Participants were interviewed to obtain socio-demographic and health belief related data. Relevant medical history was obtained from participants' chart records. The collected data were processed and analyzed using Epi data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0. Binary logistic regression analysis with 95% CI was conducted. Results: The mean age of the 380 PLHIV was 31 (SD± 8.9) years. One fourth, (25%) of participants experienced disclosure deficit. Delayed to use, low level of education, using traditional healing and respondents’ level of knowledge were significantly associated with disclosure deficit. Importantly, Disclosure deficit had significantly affected by respondents’ perceived threat, perceived stigma and perceived low social support. Conclusion: Magnitude of disclosure deficit was low. Disclosure deficit is more likely when the patient use traditional healing, delayed to start ART, has lower level of education, and perceives stigma and low social support. This finding also insight that the health belief model dimensions would be a valuable framework for providers, planners and policy makers to develop guidelines and policies for early and further HIV sero-status disclosure.
{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of Sero-Conversion among HIV Discordant Couples at Amhara Region Selected Public Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: A Mixed Cohort Study","authors":"Lami Bayisa, Muktar Abadiga, Tadesse Tolosa, A. Oluma, T. Abera, Diriba Mulisa, Ebisa Turi, Eba Abdisa, G. Mamo","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human immunodeficiency virus positive status disclosure deficit continues to drive the infection transmission. The major causes for expansion of HIV infection in developing were due to HIV infected individuals continue to have unprotected sex without informing their status to their sexual partner(s) who may be of negative or unknown sero-status. In the Ethiopia regarding disclosure deficit among people living with HIV there is no adequate findings. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess magnitude of disclosure deficit experienced by people living with HIV and application of the Health Belief Model at Nekemte Specialized Hospital Western, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted to explore HIV disclosure deficit of people living with HIV at ART Clinic of Nekemte specialized hospital, Western Ethiopia from March 5 to April 15, 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 380 PLHIV. Participants were interviewed to obtain socio-demographic and health belief related data. Relevant medical history was obtained from participants' chart records. The collected data were processed and analyzed using Epi data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0. Binary logistic regression analysis with 95% CI was conducted. Results: The mean age of the 380 PLHIV was 31 (SD± 8.9) years. One fourth, (25%) of participants experienced disclosure deficit. Delayed to use, low level of education, using traditional healing and respondents’ level of knowledge were significantly associated with disclosure deficit. Importantly, Disclosure deficit had significantly affected by respondents’ perceived threat, perceived stigma and perceived low social support. Conclusion: Magnitude of disclosure deficit was low. Disclosure deficit is more likely when the patient use traditional healing, delayed to start ART, has lower level of education, and perceives stigma and low social support. This finding also insight that the health belief model dimensions would be a valuable framework for providers, planners and policy makers to develop guidelines and policies for early and further HIV sero-status disclosure.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.844
O.I.N. Machangu
Despite the increase number of people living with HIV still there are limited information about the factors associated with viral load suppression among HIV+ individual enrolled into HIV care and treatment centers in Tanzania. Data reports that 87% of those who are living with HIV have attained viral suppression. However this is still low compare to the UNAIDS global targets that by 2020 of 90% on treatment must achieve viral suppression. Viral load remains a gold standard for assessing treatment outcome for those who are on treatment. In 2014 UNAIDS introduced 90- 90-90 goal so as to combat HIV epidemic by 2020. First 90% know there status, second 90 accessing treatment and Third 90% viral suppression. The aim of this study was therefore to identify factors affecting viral load suppression among HIV+ adults attending care and treatment services in the regions. Crossectional analytical study conducted at Dodoma, Mtwara and Lindi regions in randomly selected health facilities. 459 participants who are on ART for atleast 12 months and 18+ years were recruited for the study. Structured questionnaire was used. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using EPI info 7.2.2.16. Odds ratio was used to establish association, 95% CI, and P value of 0.05 were used for statistically significance. A total of 459 study participants were enrolled. The prevalence of viral load suppression was 79%. Viral load suppression was found to be association with Satisfaction to care OR, 11.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 113.6) and Stigma level OR, 2.5 (95% CI: 1.03, 6.1) and found to be statistically significant. Majority of participants were female 165 (68.6%), married 185 (40.3%), with primary education 309 (67.3%) and 280 (61%) had small business or self-employed. Those younger than 35 years had a 70% reduced chance of having viral load suppression OR 0.7 (95% CI: 0.41 OR 1.18), gender OR 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5,1.35), marital status OR, 0.93 ( 95% CI: 0.59, 1.47), those with primary education level OR, 0.47, (95% CI: 0.22 OR 0.99), duration on ART OR, 0.46 (95%:0.15,1.42) disclosure status OR, 0.39 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.01)there were found to be associated with viral suppression but not statistically significant. Satisfaction with care and low level of stigma were associated with viral load suppression.
{"title":"Factors Associated with HIV Viral Load suppression AmongAdults at HIV Care and Treatment Centers in Dodoma, Mtwaraand Lindi Region, July 2018-June 2019","authors":"O.I.N. Machangu","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.844","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increase number of people living with HIV still there are limited information about the factors associated with viral load suppression among HIV+ individual enrolled into HIV care and treatment centers in Tanzania. Data reports that 87% of those who are living with HIV have attained viral suppression. However this is still low compare to the UNAIDS global targets that by 2020 of 90% on treatment must achieve viral suppression. Viral load remains a gold standard for assessing treatment outcome for those who are on treatment. In 2014 UNAIDS introduced 90- 90-90 goal so as to combat HIV epidemic by 2020. First 90% know there status, second 90 accessing treatment and Third 90% viral suppression. The aim of this study was therefore to identify factors affecting viral load suppression among HIV+ adults attending care and treatment services in the regions. Crossectional analytical study conducted at Dodoma, Mtwara and Lindi regions in randomly selected health facilities. 459 participants who are on ART for atleast 12 months and 18+ years were recruited for the study. Structured questionnaire was used. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using EPI info 7.2.2.16. Odds ratio was used to establish association, 95% CI, and P value of 0.05 were used for statistically significance. A total of 459 study participants were enrolled. The prevalence of viral load suppression was 79%. Viral load suppression was found to be association with Satisfaction to care OR, 11.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 113.6) and Stigma level OR, 2.5 (95% CI: 1.03, 6.1) and found to be statistically significant. Majority of participants were female 165 (68.6%), married 185 (40.3%), with primary education 309 (67.3%) and 280 (61%) had small business or self-employed. Those younger than 35 years had a 70% reduced chance of having viral load suppression OR 0.7 (95% CI: 0.41 OR 1.18), gender OR 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5,1.35), marital status OR, 0.93 ( 95% CI: 0.59, 1.47), those with primary education level OR, 0.47, (95% CI: 0.22 OR 0.99), duration on ART OR, 0.46 (95%:0.15,1.42) disclosure status OR, 0.39 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.01)there were found to be associated with viral suppression but not statistically significant. Satisfaction with care and low level of stigma were associated with viral load suppression.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.856
Rehema H. Simbauranga, S. Kivuyo, Fadhili M Lyimo, S. Mfinanga
Tuberculous meningitis is a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for several weeks before diagnosis. It can clinically present similarly to other forms of meningitis and this often leads to a delay in treatment. Detection of Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in cerebral spinal fluid remains the gold standard. However, there is low positive rate of mycobacterial detection. Treatment should be initiated as soon as clinical suspicion is supported by initial CSF findings after excluding other causes such as bacteria and fungus.
{"title":"Diagnostic Challenge of Tuberculous Meningitis with Tuberculoma in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Infected Patient ART Naandiuml;ve","authors":"Rehema H. Simbauranga, S. Kivuyo, Fadhili M Lyimo, S. Mfinanga","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.856","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous meningitis is a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for several weeks before diagnosis. It can clinically present similarly to other forms of meningitis and this often leads to a delay in treatment. Detection of Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in cerebral spinal fluid remains the gold standard. However, there is low positive rate of mycobacterial detection. Treatment should be initiated as soon as clinical suspicion is supported by initial CSF findings after excluding other causes such as bacteria and fungus.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70046002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.869
L. Beyer
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection in HIV-Positive Adults: An Overview","authors":"L. Beyer","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"422 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70046672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.850
E. Stewart
It is widely acknowledged that eradicating HIV from the human population will necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. Candidate vaccines that have been tested to date, on the other hand, have either failed or demonstrated very low and debatable efficacy. New vaccine trials based on producing both antibodies and T cell immunity have begun, and the findings of these trials will be known in the coming years. Simultaneously, a large body of evidence suggests that broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) are created in natural HIV infection and that such antibody, delivered via passive transfer, can protect against HIV in animal models as well as alter HIV infection in humans.
{"title":"Editorial Note on Developing an HIV Vaccine: Vaccinology Research","authors":"E. Stewart","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.850","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely acknowledged that eradicating HIV from the human population will necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. Candidate vaccines that have been tested to date, on the other hand, have either failed or demonstrated very low and debatable efficacy. New vaccine trials based on producing both antibodies and T cell immunity have begun, and the findings of these trials will be known in the coming years. Simultaneously, a large body of evidence suggests that broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) are created in natural HIV infection and that such antibody, delivered via passive transfer, can protect against HIV in animal models as well as alter HIV infection in humans.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.853
M. Atkinson
The international community must also do a lot more to get COVID-19 vaccinations to countries with high HIV and other illness prevalence. It is unacceptable that just about 3% of the African continent has received a single dose of the vaccine and less than 1.5% has received both doses as of today. Most analyses have been conducted on relatively small cohorts of individuals in specific settings, and the impact of HIV infection on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 has been limited and occasionally contradictory. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have issued health alerts and prevention instructions for those who are at a higher risk of serious health consequences and death as a result of COVID-19. These recommendations are based on the outcomes and characteristics of patients who were infected early in the COVID-19 epidemic. Emerging trends point to an increased risk for older people, people in longterm care facilities, men, and racial/ethnic minorities, who have historically faced health disparities for many chronic diseases.
{"title":"COVID-19 Severity is Independently Linked to HIV","authors":"M. Atkinson","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.853","url":null,"abstract":"The international community must also do a lot more to get COVID-19 vaccinations to countries with high HIV and other illness prevalence. It is unacceptable that just about 3% of the African continent has received a single dose of the vaccine and less than 1.5% has received both doses as of today. Most analyses have been conducted on relatively small cohorts of individuals in specific settings, and the impact of HIV infection on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 has been limited and occasionally contradictory. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have issued health alerts and prevention instructions for those who are at a higher risk of serious health consequences and death as a result of COVID-19. These recommendations are based on the outcomes and characteristics of patients who were infected early in the COVID-19 epidemic. Emerging trends point to an increased risk for older people, people in longterm care facilities, men, and racial/ethnic minorities, who have historically faced health disparities for many chronic diseases.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.832
Steve Lance
{"title":"Editorial Note for AIDS and Clinical Research","authors":"Steve Lance","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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