Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.837
Grace Hewette
{"title":"Treating HIV with Post-Exposure prophylaxis","authors":"Grace Hewette","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.865
Annelie Tjernlund
{"title":"HIV-Positive Patients with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Annelie Tjernlund","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70046563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.846
E. Stewart
{"title":"Editorial Note on Anti-HIV Medicines in Development","authors":"E. Stewart","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.870
Mariny Erad
{"title":"In Palestine, HIV/AIDS is a Developing Concern","authors":"Mariny Erad","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70046678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.861
Ronald Moondoma, S. Siziya
It is widely recognized that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to long-term treatment success, yet rates of adherence to antiretroviral medications are frequently sub-therapeutic. The objective of this study will be to determine the factors that contribute to the nonadherence and noncompliance to antiretroviral therapy. This study will be important in that it will help identify the different factors that lead to noncompliance and the various ways these factors can be combated so as to reduce the number of people dying from HIV/AIDS related causes and also help achieve the 90-90-90 treatment plan of the WHO. The number of deaths that are recorded due to AIDS affect the country as a whole in that they are an obstacle to social economic development hence all interventions possible must be put in place to reduce the mortality of AIDS which can also be from noncompliance to Highly active anti retro viral therapy. Some of the factors associated with noncompliance to HAART have been found to be behavioural, structural, and psychosocial barriers such as depression and other mental illnesses, neurocognitive impairment, low health literacy, low levels of social support, stressful life events, high levels of alcohol consumption and active substance use, homelessness, poverty, nondisclosure of HIV serostatus to those around them, denial, stigma, and inconsistent access to medications. This proposed study will be a casecontrol study. The methodology that will be used in the study will include using data from the ART clinic at Kitwe Teaching Hospital of the patients that are on HAART.
{"title":"Non Compliance and Non Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) at Kitwe Teaching Hospital","authors":"Ronald Moondoma, S. Siziya","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.861","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely recognized that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to long-term treatment success, yet rates of adherence to antiretroviral medications are frequently sub-therapeutic. The objective of this study will be to determine the factors that contribute to the nonadherence and noncompliance to antiretroviral therapy. This study will be important in that it will help identify the different factors that lead to noncompliance and the various ways these factors can be combated so as to reduce the number of people dying from HIV/AIDS related causes and also help achieve the 90-90-90 treatment plan of the WHO. The number of deaths that are recorded due to AIDS affect the country as a whole in that they are an obstacle to social economic development hence all interventions possible must be put in place to reduce the mortality of AIDS which can also be from noncompliance to Highly active anti retro viral therapy. Some of the factors associated with noncompliance to HAART have been found to be behavioural, structural, and psychosocial barriers such as depression and other mental illnesses, neurocognitive impairment, low health literacy, low levels of social support, stressful life events, high levels of alcohol consumption and active substance use, homelessness, poverty, nondisclosure of HIV serostatus to those around them, denial, stigma, and inconsistent access to medications. This proposed study will be a casecontrol study. The methodology that will be used in the study will include using data from the ART clinic at Kitwe Teaching Hospital of the patients that are on HAART.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70046777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.829
C. Cynthia
{"title":"Editorial Note for the Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research","authors":"C. Cynthia","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.848
Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, O. AnowaiClementina, K. Anyiam, D. Ishaleku, A. Akyala
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWH). Viral load (VL) has been used by clinicians as primary tool recommended by WHO to monitor patients progress on High Antiretroviral active therapy (HAART). There is a paucity of information on Virological and immunological outcomes of HIV infected drug experience adults’ patients in north central Nigeria. We conducted a tertiary hospital based cross-sectional study at federal medical centre in Nasarawa state between December 2019 to march 2020. Method: A total of 474 HIV positive adult were enrolled using a Systematic random technique. Blood specimen for CD+4 T cells count and viral load determination were obtained and PCR-Real time and Flow-cytometry were used to estimate plasma viral load and CD4+ T cell count respectively. Frequency was used to determine percentage and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors with Virological suppression and immunology outcome in patients on HAART 95% CI and odd ratio (OR) was used to measure strength of association. Results: From the 474 cohort that were enrolled 34.6% were on WHO baseline clinical stage IIV and 57.8% of cohort were on HAART, started treatment regimen in less than a year with 42.2% diagnosed and confirmed with HIV infection between 1-5years. 57.8% were transferred into the centre as a major reason for enrolment. 57.8% has history of TB treatment in the past while 42.2% of the study participants who were eligible for treatment initiation were determine by CD4+ counts with a median interquartile range of 180 (92-300) cells/mm3. virological suppression (VL level < 1000 copies/ml) was found in 85% (95% CI 77.7, 86.1) of study participants, and it has been associated with CD4 cell count between 250 and 400 cells/mm3 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.56; 95% CI 1.14, 5.75) and > 499 cells/mm3 (AOR = 7.71; 95% CI 3.48, 17.09) at VL testing and current age > 40 years old (AOR = 5.40; 95% CI 2.3, 10.01). Similarly, favourable immunological status (≥250 cells/mm3 for male and ≥ 600 cells/mm3 for female) was observed in 52.9% (95% CI 47.4, 58.8) of the study participants. Baseline CD4 cell count of > 200 cells/mm3, age at enrolment of 26 through 40 years old, and urban residency were significantly associated with favourable immunological outcome. Conclusion: Low Immunological recovery among study cohort was observed although viral suppression was shown in majority of the HIV infected adult who are on HAART. Early initiation on HAART should be encouraged in other to achieve immunological recovery and viral suppression in order to achieve the USAIDS- 90-90-90 to end HIV pandemic by 2030.
背景:抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)降低了艾滋病毒和艾滋病患者(PLWH)的死亡率和发病率。临床医生已将病毒载量(VL)作为世卫组织推荐的监测患者抗逆转录病毒高效疗法(HAART)进展情况的主要工具。关于尼日利亚中北部艾滋病毒感染药物经验成人患者的病毒学和免疫学结果的信息缺乏。2019年12月至2020年3月，我们在纳萨拉瓦州联邦医疗中心进行了一项基于三级医院的横断面研究。方法:采用系统随机抽样方法，对474名HIV阳性成人进行抽样调查。取血标本进行CD+4 T细胞计数和病毒载量测定，用PCR-Real - time和流式细胞术分别测定血浆病毒载量和CD4+ T细胞计数。频率用于确定百分比，逻辑回归用于确定与HAART患者病毒学抑制和免疫学结果相关的因素，95% CI和奇数比(OR)用于测量关联强度。结果:在纳入的474名队列中，34.6%的人处于WHO基线临床iv期，57.8%的队列接受HAART治疗，在不到一年的时间内开始治疗方案，其中42.2%的人在1-5年内确诊为HIV感染。57.8%的人被转移到中心作为入学的主要原因。57.8%的患者既往有结核病治疗史，而42.2%的研究参与者通过CD4+计数确定治疗起始条件，中位数四分位数范围为180(92-300)个细胞/mm3。85%的研究参与者发现病毒学抑制(VL水平< 1000拷贝/ml) (95% CI 77.7, 86.1)，并且与CD4细胞计数在250 - 400细胞/mm3之间相关(校正优势比(AOR) = 2.56;95% CI 1.14, 5.75)和> 499个细胞/mm3 (AOR = 7.71;95% CI 3.48, 17.09)，目前年龄为40岁(AOR = 5.40;95% ci 2.3, 10.01)。同样，在52.9% (95% CI 47.4, 58.8)的研究参与者中观察到良好的免疫状态(男性≥250个细胞/mm3，女性≥600个细胞/mm3)。基线CD4细胞计数为100 200个/mm3，入组时年龄为26至40岁，城市居住与良好的免疫结果显著相关。结论:尽管在大多数接受HAART治疗的成人HIV感染者中病毒抑制，但在研究队列中观察到免疫恢复较低。应鼓励其他国家尽早开始抗逆转录病毒疗法，以实现免疫恢复和病毒抑制，从而实现美国艾滋病规划署的90-90-90目标，即到2030年结束艾滋病毒大流行。
{"title":"Virological and Immunologic Outcome of HIV Infected Drug Experienced Adults in North Central Nigeria","authors":"Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, O. AnowaiClementina, K. Anyiam, D. Ishaleku, A. Akyala","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.848","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWH). Viral load (VL) has been used by clinicians as primary tool recommended by WHO to monitor patients progress on High Antiretroviral active therapy (HAART). There is a paucity of information on Virological and immunological outcomes of HIV infected drug experience adults’ patients in north central Nigeria. We conducted a tertiary hospital based cross-sectional study at federal medical centre in Nasarawa state between December 2019 to march 2020. Method: A total of 474 HIV positive adult were enrolled using a Systematic random technique. Blood specimen for CD+4 T cells count and viral load determination were obtained and PCR-Real time and Flow-cytometry were used to estimate plasma viral load and CD4+ T cell count respectively. Frequency was used to determine percentage and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors with Virological suppression and immunology outcome in patients on HAART 95% CI and odd ratio (OR) was used to measure strength of association. Results: From the 474 cohort that were enrolled 34.6% were on WHO baseline clinical stage IIV and 57.8% of cohort were on HAART, started treatment regimen in less than a year with 42.2% diagnosed and confirmed with HIV infection between 1-5years. 57.8% were transferred into the centre as a major reason for enrolment. 57.8% has history of TB treatment in the past while 42.2% of the study participants who were eligible for treatment initiation were determine by CD4+ counts with a median interquartile range of 180 (92-300) cells/mm3. virological suppression (VL level < 1000 copies/ml) was found in 85% (95% CI 77.7, 86.1) of study participants, and it has been associated with CD4 cell count between 250 and 400 cells/mm3 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.56; 95% CI 1.14, 5.75) and > 499 cells/mm3 (AOR = 7.71; 95% CI 3.48, 17.09) at VL testing and current age > 40 years old (AOR = 5.40; 95% CI 2.3, 10.01). Similarly, favourable immunological status (≥250 cells/mm3 for male and ≥ 600 cells/mm3 for female) was observed in 52.9% (95% CI 47.4, 58.8) of the study participants. Baseline CD4 cell count of > 200 cells/mm3, age at enrolment of 26 through 40 years old, and urban residency were significantly associated with favourable immunological outcome. Conclusion: Low Immunological recovery among study cohort was observed although viral suppression was shown in majority of the HIV infected adult who are on HAART. Early initiation on HAART should be encouraged in other to achieve immunological recovery and viral suppression in order to achieve the USAIDS- 90-90-90 to end HIV pandemic by 2030.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.838
L. J. Frank
{"title":"Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS","authors":"L. J. Frank","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.852
Arhan Deoli
{"title":"Commentary: The Next Ten Years with HIV","authors":"Arhan Deoli","doi":"10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6113.2021.12.852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70045863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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