Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.820
Metadel Azeze, Awoke Seyoum Tegegne
Background: Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem in developing countries, affecting the health conditions as well as economic activities in Africa. The objective of current study was assessing the predictors of the number of human death per road traffic injury in Bahir Dar city, North-western part of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Data collected by traffic police at Bahir Dar city from july2015-june2017 was included under current investigation. A random sample of 172 samples was selected out of 907 registered injuries in the study area. In this study, Zero inflated Quasi- Poisson Regression Model was used for data analysis. Zero Inflated Quasi-Poisson regression models provided more appropriate fit to the number of human death per road traffic injury data included in current investigation. Results: Among the potential predictors, Age of vehicles, sex of driver, age of driver, driving after alcohol drinking, driving under fatigue, not give priority, days of weeks, regular services/maintenance of vehicles, yearly technical checking of vehicles, road condition, overloading, over speeding and type of crush were found to be statistically significant predictors for the number of human death per road traffic injury. Conclusion: Important factors are identified for the cause of the number of human death per road traffic injury. Awareness should be created for those drivers who are driving after drinking alcohol, for those drivers driving on wet road, for those drivers who are driving over speed, overload and for those drivers driving under fatigue. Awareness should be also given for drivers in order to respect the traffic rules.
{"title":"Predictors of human death per Road Traffic Injury in Bahir Bar City, North- Western Ethiopia","authors":"Metadel Azeze, Awoke Seyoum Tegegne","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem in developing countries, affecting the health conditions as well as economic activities in Africa. The objective of current study was assessing the predictors of the number of human death per road traffic injury in Bahir Dar city, North-western part of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Data collected by traffic police at Bahir Dar city from july2015-june2017 was included under current investigation. A random sample of 172 samples was selected out of 907 registered injuries in the study area. In this study, Zero inflated Quasi- Poisson Regression Model was used for data analysis. Zero Inflated Quasi-Poisson regression models provided more appropriate fit to the number of human death per road traffic injury data included in current investigation. Results: Among the potential predictors, Age of vehicles, sex of driver, age of driver, driving after alcohol drinking, driving under fatigue, not give priority, days of weeks, regular services/maintenance of vehicles, yearly technical checking of vehicles, road condition, overloading, over speeding and type of crush were found to be statistically significant predictors for the number of human death per road traffic injury. Conclusion: Important factors are identified for the cause of the number of human death per road traffic injury. Awareness should be created for those drivers who are driving after drinking alcohol, for those drivers driving on wet road, for those drivers who are driving over speed, overload and for those drivers driving under fatigue. Awareness should be also given for drivers in order to respect the traffic rules.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JAR.2020.11.810
E. Jacob, Osime Evarista Odaburhine, E. OyedeleTitilayo
Background: Anaemia is a very common finding in patients living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in patients with advance stage. The frequency and severity of anaemia in HIV-patients increased with the decline in CD4 counts as HIV disease is progresses. Aim: To determine the degree of anaemia and severity of HIV infection in HIV patients on ART and ART-naive. Methodology: This Study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital (FETHI), Ido Ekiti, Nigeria. One hundred (100) HIV positive subjects on ART and one hundred (100) HIV positive subjects ART naive were the study population. Six millilitres (6 ml) of whole blood was collected from each consented subject, 3 ml was dispensed into 5 ml K2EDTA bottle for immediate analysis of haemoglobin concentration, CD4 count, CD8 count and HIV screening. The remaining 3 ml of blood was dispensed into plain bottle, allowed to clot and centrifuged at 2500 revolution per minute for 5 minutes to extract the serum into another plain bottle, stored at -400°C for the analysis of erythropoietin and viral load. Results: HIV ART-naive and ART subjects had prevalence of 57% normocytic normochromic anaemia and 55% macrocytic normochromic anaemia respectively. Prevalence of severe anaemia in ART-naive and ART subjects were 56 and 16 respectively. Mean values of CD4, CD8, CD4/ CD8 and EPO in Hb 13.0 g/dL among ART-naive and ART subjects. Conclusion: Degree of anaemia and severity of HIV-infection was higher in HIV-infected ART-naive compared to HIV-infected on ART.
{"title":"Degree of Anaemia and Severity of HIV Infection in HIV Patients on Art and Art-Naive","authors":"E. Jacob, Osime Evarista Odaburhine, E. OyedeleTitilayo","doi":"10.37421/JAR.2020.11.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JAR.2020.11.810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anaemia is a very common finding in patients living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in patients with advance stage. The frequency and severity of anaemia in HIV-patients increased with the decline in CD4 counts as HIV disease is progresses. Aim: To determine the degree of anaemia and severity of HIV infection in HIV patients on ART and ART-naive. Methodology: This Study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital (FETHI), Ido Ekiti, Nigeria. One hundred (100) HIV positive subjects on ART and one hundred (100) HIV positive subjects ART naive were the study population. Six millilitres (6 ml) of whole blood was collected from each consented subject, 3 ml was dispensed into 5 ml K2EDTA bottle for immediate analysis of haemoglobin concentration, CD4 count, CD8 count and HIV screening. The remaining 3 ml of blood was dispensed into plain bottle, allowed to clot and centrifuged at 2500 revolution per minute for 5 minutes to extract the serum into another plain bottle, stored at -400°C for the analysis of erythropoietin and viral load. Results: HIV ART-naive and ART subjects had prevalence of 57% normocytic normochromic anaemia and 55% macrocytic normochromic anaemia respectively. Prevalence of severe anaemia in ART-naive and ART subjects were 56 and 16 respectively. Mean values of CD4, CD8, CD4/ CD8 and EPO in Hb 13.0 g/dL among ART-naive and ART subjects. Conclusion: Degree of anaemia and severity of HIV-infection was higher in HIV-infected ART-naive compared to HIV-infected on ART.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70053995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000790
Dwi Murtiastutik, Cut Shelma Maharani, R. Rahmadewi
Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections found in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The number of HIV/AIDS patient increases every years. Past studies revelead the increment in the resistance of Candida species causing oral candidiasis against Fluconazole despite Fluconazole being the treatment of choice for this condition. Objective: To evaluate the resistancy of Candida species to fluconazole in male patients with oral candidiasis and HIV/AIDS. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The candida species was identified by using conventional methods. Resistancy against fluconazole were evaluated bydiskdiffusion method. Results: There were 20 research subjects with 37 isolates of Candida species growing in culture. Candida species was found in 20 (54.1%) isolates, while 17 (45.9%) isolates showed non-albicans species. The resistance test of Candida species to fluconazole revealed that 18 (48.6%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Majority of the resistant isolates were of Candida non-albicans 13 isolates (72.2%). Conclusion: The use of fluconazole drugs especially in patients with HIV/AIDS should be reevaluated as Candida species has developed high resistance towards the medication.
{"title":"Profile of Candida Resistancy to Fluconazole in Male Patient with Oral Candidiasis and HIV/AIDS","authors":"Dwi Murtiastutik, Cut Shelma Maharani, R. Rahmadewi","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000790","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections found in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The number of HIV/AIDS patient increases every years. Past studies revelead the increment in the resistance of Candida species causing oral candidiasis against Fluconazole despite Fluconazole being the treatment of choice for this condition. \u0000Objective: To evaluate the resistancy of Candida species to fluconazole in male patients with oral candidiasis and HIV/AIDS. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The candida species was identified by using conventional methods. Resistancy against fluconazole were evaluated bydiskdiffusion method. \u0000Results: There were 20 research subjects with 37 isolates of Candida species growing in culture. Candida species was found in 20 (54.1%) isolates, while 17 (45.9%) isolates showed non-albicans species. The resistance test of Candida species to fluconazole revealed that 18 (48.6%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Majority of the resistant isolates were of Candida non-albicans 13 isolates (72.2%). \u0000Conclusion: The use of fluconazole drugs especially in patients with HIV/AIDS should be reevaluated as Candida species has developed high resistance towards the medication.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48408477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000787
A. Aldrich, E. Lyden, Jenny Edouard, J. Gautier, S. Delair
Objective: Haiti has the largest pediatric HIV population in the Americas. The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has been instrumental to increase access to care for Haiti’s pediatric HIV population. Though electronic medical records (EMRs) have facilitated this care, there are limited published data on the quality of care. This study aimed to use an adapted quality of pediatric HIV care framework in Haiti.Methods: This is a retrospective study of active pediatric HIV patients less than 15 years of age seen at the Saint Damien Hospital HIV clinic in Tabarre, Haiti from January 2012 to December 2016. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from the EMR based on a Pediatric HIVQUAL-H framework generated by incorporating Haitian pediatric HIV guidelines into the Thai HIVQUAL model focusing on eight core and four expanded indicators.Results: There were 393 different patients analyzed separately by calendar year, accounting for 1473 patient-years analyzed. Overall, 96.8% received clinical monitoring (1426), 99.4% PJP prophylaxis (1465), 98.5% TB screening (1452), and 98.7% growth (1454) and 98.8% oral health (1455) assessments; 89.8% received yearly CD4 monitoring (1323), 94.6% antiretroviral treatment (1394), and 92.5% adherence monitoring (1362); viral load monitoring was only done 50% of the time (730). The overall hospitalization rate was 4% (66/1473). Only 31% (181/589) of patients over 10 years old were disclosed to their diagnosis. Immunizations were not reliably documented.Conclusion: The HIVQUAL-H framework identified rates of important clinical indicators, highlighting those needing improvement in an easy to track format. Viral load monitoring, oral health care, HIV disclosure, and immunizations are areas that could use focused interventions at this facility to improve standard of care for this population. This tool could be easily adapted for other pediatric HIV programs in developing countries with similar resource constraints.
{"title":"Adopting a Pediatric HIVQUAL-H Framework in Measuring the Quality of Pediatric HIV Care in Haiti","authors":"A. Aldrich, E. Lyden, Jenny Edouard, J. Gautier, S. Delair","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000787","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Haiti has the largest pediatric HIV population in the Americas. The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has been instrumental to increase access to care for Haiti’s pediatric HIV population. Though electronic medical records (EMRs) have facilitated this care, there are limited published data on the quality of care. This study aimed to use an adapted quality of pediatric HIV care framework in Haiti.Methods: This is a retrospective study of active pediatric HIV patients less than 15 years of age seen at the Saint Damien Hospital HIV clinic in Tabarre, Haiti from January 2012 to December 2016. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from the EMR based on a Pediatric HIVQUAL-H framework generated by incorporating Haitian pediatric HIV guidelines into the Thai HIVQUAL model focusing on eight core and four expanded indicators.Results: There were 393 different patients analyzed separately by calendar year, accounting for 1473 patient-years analyzed. Overall, 96.8% received clinical monitoring (1426), 99.4% PJP prophylaxis (1465), 98.5% TB screening (1452), and 98.7% growth (1454) and 98.8% oral health (1455) assessments; 89.8% received yearly CD4 monitoring (1323), 94.6% antiretroviral treatment (1394), and 92.5% adherence monitoring (1362); viral load monitoring was only done 50% of the time (730). The overall hospitalization rate was 4% (66/1473). Only 31% (181/589) of patients over 10 years old were disclosed to their diagnosis. Immunizations were not reliably documented.Conclusion: The HIVQUAL-H framework identified rates of important clinical indicators, highlighting those needing improvement in an easy to track format. Viral load monitoring, oral health care, HIV disclosure, and immunizations are areas that could use focused interventions at this facility to improve standard of care for this population. This tool could be easily adapted for other pediatric HIV programs in developing countries with similar resource constraints.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000786
B. Dlamini, Lindiwe Dlamini, Edwin Simelane, M. Thwala-Tembe, Zwakele Motsa, Lindiwe Dube, Sakhile N Nsingwane, Lucas Jele
Background: Eswatini has more than 350 000 of young people between the ages 10-24 years. Education remains a fundamental intervention in ensuring an economic and social developed society with decent work. Eswatini provides free primary education, but faces issues of grade repeating and drop-outs throughout primary and secondary, and overall low enrolment and attendance at higher levels. The education and training sector policy assures the provision of relevant educational and training programmes, and commits the country to inclusive, life-long learning and improvements in access, quality, equity, relevance, efficiency, and delivery of education. Beginning in 2008, the MOET introduced the ‘Schools as Centres of Care a Support’ programme, or Inqaba. In the context of widespread poverty, the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Eswatini, and endemic issues of violence against children, the Inqaba programme strives to promote school environments that are child-friendly, safe, and conducive for learning. Methods: The systematic analysis of the education situation in Eswatini was prepared in stages: desk review and analysis, consultations/interview meetings with key stakeholders, data analysis and compilation of the report. Results: Eswatini has an enabling policy environment, combined with free primary education indicating momentous effort to provide quality, appropriate, and affordable education for all. Over 90% of primary-aged children are enrolled in school. The country has not seen the same success at secondary and tertiary levels, only 27% of secondary –school aged children are actually enrolled in school. Young women overwhelmingly (38.3%) report pregnancy as their reason for dropping out. This could explain the high HIV prevalence among young females aged 15-19 years standing at 10.2%, compared to 1.9% for males the same age. In the age group 20-24 years, HIV prevalence amongst females is 38.2%, compared to 12.3% for males in the same age bracket. HIV incidence is also significantly higher amongst young Emaswati females (15-19 years) compared to the males same age group standing at: 3.84 for females compared to 0.84 for males. The protective years of education finish very early among young people, thus making them more vulnerable. Conclusion: Expansion of the Free Primary Education Act to include the 3 years of junior secondary, thereby becoming a Free Basic Education Act entitling all children to at least 12 years of schooling free of charge. Extending the protective effects of education.
{"title":"Education, The Social Vaccine for Youth HIV Prevention: Are We Doing Enough? Systematic Analysis of the Education Situation in Eswatini","authors":"B. Dlamini, Lindiwe Dlamini, Edwin Simelane, M. Thwala-Tembe, Zwakele Motsa, Lindiwe Dube, Sakhile N Nsingwane, Lucas Jele","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000786","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eswatini has more than 350 000 of young people between the ages 10-24 years. Education remains a fundamental intervention in ensuring an economic and social developed society with decent work. Eswatini provides free primary education, but faces issues of grade repeating and drop-outs throughout primary and secondary, and overall low enrolment and attendance at higher levels. The education and training sector policy assures the provision of relevant educational and training programmes, and commits the country to inclusive, life-long learning and improvements in access, quality, equity, relevance, efficiency, and delivery of education. Beginning in 2008, the MOET introduced the ‘Schools as Centres of Care a Support’ programme, or Inqaba. In the context of widespread poverty, the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Eswatini, and endemic issues of violence against children, the Inqaba programme strives to promote school environments that are child-friendly, safe, and conducive for learning. \u0000Methods: The systematic analysis of the education situation in Eswatini was prepared in stages: desk review and analysis, consultations/interview meetings with key stakeholders, data analysis and compilation of the report. \u0000Results: Eswatini has an enabling policy environment, combined with free primary education indicating momentous effort to provide quality, appropriate, and affordable education for all. Over 90% of primary-aged children are enrolled in school. The country has not seen the same success at secondary and tertiary levels, only 27% of secondary –school aged children are actually enrolled in school. Young women overwhelmingly (38.3%) report pregnancy as their reason for dropping out. This could explain the high HIV prevalence among young females aged 15-19 years standing at 10.2%, compared to 1.9% for males the same age. In the age group 20-24 years, HIV prevalence amongst females is 38.2%, compared to 12.3% for males in the same age bracket. HIV incidence is also significantly higher amongst young Emaswati females (15-19 years) compared to the males same age group standing at: 3.84 for females compared to 0.84 for males. The protective years of education finish very early among young people, thus making them more vulnerable. \u0000Conclusion: Expansion of the Free Primary Education Act to include the 3 years of junior secondary, thereby becoming a Free Basic Education Act entitling all children to at least 12 years of schooling free of charge. Extending the protective effects of education.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49542731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000784
A. Fonseca, Hélvya Rochelle Távora Minotto, Cibelle Carneiro Farias, Dkaion Vilela de Jesus, Hendel Santana Moraes, Ingrid Ferreira Buttenbender, I. Martins, Mayara Gabrielle Souto, Paulo Henrique Brasil Hass Gonçalves Filho, ielly Mendonça da Costa, Sarah de Oliveira Silva, Thais Suelen Israel Ferreira, Valéria Vieira da Silva Coutinho, A. Mir
Background: Neurological complications involving central and peripheral nervous system are well described but there is paucity of literature on involvement of autonomic nervous system. HIV patients on ART have a higher prevalence of symptoms due to dysautonomia in comparison to normal individuals. Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in PLHA (People living with HIV/ AIDS) with and without antiretroviral treatment. Methodology: It is a cross sectional study. The subjects are broadly divided into 3 categories with 25 patients in each group. PLHA on ART, PLHA not on ART and healthy controls. Observation and results: Three patients from ART group two from ART naive group had symptoms of syncope. There was a significant difference between the autonomic parameters in the control population as compared to that of PLHA, but no difference between those on ART and not on ART. The resting heart rate was significantly higher in PLHA compared to controls. On testing for sympathetic response, there was no notable difference between the median values of fall in systolic blood pressure between PLHA patients and control population. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, expiration to inspiration ratio, in the controls was higher when compared to PLHA There is a significant difference in fall in systolic blood pressure between the HIV on ART and not on ART, however there was no significant difference in other autonomic parameters. Conclusion: This study shows that deterioration of parasympathetic function is more common than sympathetic function decline in HIV infected subjects as compared to normal population.
{"title":"Knowledge, Perception and Seroprevalence of HIV/STIS among Young Adults in Brazilian Amazon Region: A Population-Based Study","authors":"A. Fonseca, Hélvya Rochelle Távora Minotto, Cibelle Carneiro Farias, Dkaion Vilela de Jesus, Hendel Santana Moraes, Ingrid Ferreira Buttenbender, I. Martins, Mayara Gabrielle Souto, Paulo Henrique Brasil Hass Gonçalves Filho, ielly Mendonça da Costa, Sarah de Oliveira Silva, Thais Suelen Israel Ferreira, Valéria Vieira da Silva Coutinho, A. Mir","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurological complications involving central and peripheral nervous system are well described but there is paucity of literature on involvement of autonomic nervous system. HIV patients on ART have a higher prevalence of symptoms due to dysautonomia in comparison to normal individuals. \u0000Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in PLHA (People living with HIV/ AIDS) with and without antiretroviral treatment. \u0000Methodology: It is a cross sectional study. The subjects are broadly divided into 3 categories with 25 patients in each group. PLHA on ART, PLHA not on ART and healthy controls. \u0000Observation and results: Three patients from ART group two from ART naive group had symptoms of syncope. There was a significant difference between the autonomic parameters in the control population as compared to that of PLHA, but no difference between those on ART and not on ART. The resting heart rate was significantly higher in PLHA compared to controls. On testing for sympathetic response, there was no notable difference between the median values of fall in systolic blood pressure between PLHA patients and control population. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, expiration to inspiration ratio, in the controls was higher when compared to PLHA There is a significant difference in fall in systolic blood pressure between the HIV on ART and not on ART, however there was no significant difference in other autonomic parameters. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that deterioration of parasympathetic function is more common than sympathetic function decline in HIV infected subjects as compared to normal population.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47149015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000783
V. Sashindran, Nagesh, V. Aggarwal, U. Anadakrishnan
Background: Neurological complications involving central and peripheral nervous system are well described but there is paucity of literature on involvement of autonomic nervous system. HIV patients on ART have a higher prevalence of symptoms due to dysautonomia in comparison to normal individuals.Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in PLHA (People living with HIV/ AIDS) with and without antiretroviral treatment.Methodology: It is a cross sectional study. The subjects are broadly divided into 3 categories with 25 patients in each group. PLHA on ART, PLHA not on ART and healthy controls.Observation and results: Three patients from ART group two from ART naive group had symptoms of syncope. There was a significant difference between the autonomic parameters in the control population as compared to that of PLHA, but no difference between those on ART and not on ART. The resting heart rate was significantly higher in PLHA compared to controls. On testing for sympathetic response, there was no notable difference between the median values of fall in systolic blood pressure between PLHA patients and control population. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, expiration to inspiration ratio, in the controls was higher when compared to PLHA There is a significant difference in fall in systolic blood pressure between the HIV on ART and not on ART, however there was no significant difference in other autonomic parameters.Conclusion: This study shows that deterioration of parasympathetic function is more common than sympathetic function decline in HIV infected subjects as compared to normal population.
{"title":"Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"V. Sashindran, Nagesh, V. Aggarwal, U. Anadakrishnan","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000783","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurological complications involving central and peripheral nervous system are well described but there is paucity of literature on involvement of autonomic nervous system. HIV patients on ART have a higher prevalence of symptoms due to dysautonomia in comparison to normal individuals.Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in PLHA (People living with HIV/ AIDS) with and without antiretroviral treatment.Methodology: It is a cross sectional study. The subjects are broadly divided into 3 categories with 25 patients in each group. PLHA on ART, PLHA not on ART and healthy controls.Observation and results: Three patients from ART group two from ART naive group had symptoms of syncope. There was a significant difference between the autonomic parameters in the control population as compared to that of PLHA, but no difference between those on ART and not on ART. The resting heart rate was significantly higher in PLHA compared to controls. On testing for sympathetic response, there was no notable difference between the median values of fall in systolic blood pressure between PLHA patients and control population. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, expiration to inspiration ratio, in the controls was higher when compared to PLHA There is a significant difference in fall in systolic blood pressure between the HIV on ART and not on ART, however there was no significant difference in other autonomic parameters.Conclusion: This study shows that deterioration of parasympathetic function is more common than sympathetic function decline in HIV infected subjects as compared to normal population.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47388097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000788
Tékpa Gaspard, Gbangba-Ngaï Eudes, Kobangué Léon, N. Christophe, F. Valentin, Koffi Boniface
Objective: To describe the adverse effects of fixed combinations of antiretroviral drugs based on tenofovir+emtricit abine+efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV) and zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (AZT/3TC/NVP) and to identify the factors associated with their occurrence.Patients and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study included after informed consent people living with HIV (PLHIVs). We used an exhaustive sampling by recruiting all the patients who came to get antiretroviral drugs during the study period, aged at least 18 years, treated with TDF/FTC/EFV or AZT/3TC/NVP. Socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected, entered and analyzed with the software Epi-Info 7. The chi-square test was used to compare the proportions with a significant level of 5%.Results: A total of 282 patients were included, of which 75.53% were females, 53.55% lived in couples; the average age was 38.99 ± 9.5 years old. The TDF/FTC/EFV combination was used in 64.54% of cases. The median duration of treatment was 24.66 months (range 0.66 and 138 months] and adherence was good in 79% of cases. The overall prevalence of adverse events was 82.98% (234/282). We observed neuropsychiatric, digestive and lipodystrophy disorders in 65.25%, 43.62% and 10.99%, respectively. The occurrence of adverse effects was independent of socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics (p>0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse events is high during the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bangui and their occurrence is independent of socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. It is necessary to systematically research them for early management and ensure therapeutic success.
{"title":"Adverse Effects of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Bangui","authors":"Tékpa Gaspard, Gbangba-Ngaï Eudes, Kobangué Léon, N. Christophe, F. Valentin, Koffi Boniface","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000788","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the adverse effects of fixed combinations of antiretroviral drugs based on tenofovir+emtricit abine+efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV) and zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (AZT/3TC/NVP) and to identify the factors associated with their occurrence.Patients and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study included after informed consent people living with HIV (PLHIVs). We used an exhaustive sampling by recruiting all the patients who came to get antiretroviral drugs during the study period, aged at least 18 years, treated with TDF/FTC/EFV or AZT/3TC/NVP. Socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected, entered and analyzed with the software Epi-Info 7. The chi-square test was used to compare the proportions with a significant level of 5%.Results: A total of 282 patients were included, of which 75.53% were females, 53.55% lived in couples; the average age was 38.99 ± 9.5 years old. The TDF/FTC/EFV combination was used in 64.54% of cases. The median duration of treatment was 24.66 months (range 0.66 and 138 months] and adherence was good in 79% of cases. The overall prevalence of adverse events was 82.98% (234/282). We observed neuropsychiatric, digestive and lipodystrophy disorders in 65.25%, 43.62% and 10.99%, respectively. The occurrence of adverse effects was independent of socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics (p>0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse events is high during the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bangui and their occurrence is independent of socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. It is necessary to systematically research them for early management and ensure therapeutic success.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-03DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113-C1-025
pSharwani Vijayshree Lalp
{"title":"Profile of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV/AIDS started on ART and its correlation with CD4 cell counts","authors":"pSharwani Vijayshree Lalp","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113-C1-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113-C1-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000770
C. Daniel, E. Ekanem, J. Njab, Oridota Es, A. Robert
Background: Given the burden of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), the paucity of research on strategies that could successfully engage and retain them in care is striking. The aim of this study was to assess the retention in care among HIV infected MSM attending a Community Health Centre, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Community Health Centre Yaba, Lagos Nigeria. Out of 300 clients in HIV care in the facility, a total number of participants were enrolled into the study. Two approaches were used for data collection. First, the clinical data of 181 participants in HIV care were abstracted from the clinic electronic records from May 2015 and then followed up to June 2016 to assess their retention in care; the second one was pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire which was used to collect information on the MSM specific factors that either facilitate or act as barriers to their retention in HIV care from the same respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative variables while chi square was used to measure the association. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study. Result: The mean age of the participants sampled was 25.4. Overall, a total number of 151 (83%) participants were retained in care within 1 year. While distance 50% and full-time job 30% were found as major barriers to retention in care, friendly clinic service 43% was identified as the major facilitators for their retention in HIV care. Conclusion: Majority of the participants were retained in HIV care over time due to robust strategies and policies put in place. Strategies to sustain the retention capacity of MSM in HIV care should be sustained.
{"title":"Retention in Care among HIV infected Men who have Sex with Men attending a Community Health Centre, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"C. Daniel, E. Ekanem, J. Njab, Oridota Es, A. Robert","doi":"10.4172/2155-6113.1000770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000770","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the burden of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), the paucity of research on strategies that could successfully engage and retain them in care is striking. The aim of this study was to assess the retention in care among HIV infected MSM attending a Community Health Centre, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Community Health Centre Yaba, Lagos Nigeria. Out of 300 clients in HIV care in the facility, a total number of participants were enrolled into the study. Two approaches were used for data collection. First, the clinical data of 181 participants in HIV care were abstracted from the clinic electronic records from May 2015 and then followed up to June 2016 to assess their retention in care; the second one was pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire which was used to collect information on the MSM specific factors that either facilitate or act as barriers to their retention in HIV care from the same respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative variables while chi square was used to measure the association. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study. \u0000Result: The mean age of the participants sampled was 25.4. Overall, a total number of 151 (83%) participants were retained in care within 1 year. While distance 50% and full-time job 30% were found as major barriers to retention in care, friendly clinic service 43% was identified as the major facilitators for their retention in HIV care. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of the participants were retained in HIV care over time due to robust strategies and policies put in place. Strategies to sustain the retention capacity of MSM in HIV care should be sustained.","PeriodicalId":89166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS & clinical research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6113.1000770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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