Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66734
R. D. S. S. Gomes, Hilderlande Florêncio da Silva, José George Ferreira Medeiros, Walter Efrain Pereira, L. C. D. Nascimento
Anthracnose is the primary disease in Phaseolus lunatus cultures, causing severe losses. Inoculation techniques are vital for assessing genotype resistance and control methods at the early stages of seedling development. This study aimed to compare inoculation methods and exposure times of a lima bean seed variety to Colletotrichum truncatum using a completely randomized 4x5 factorial design with five replications. Seed inoculation methods by direct contact with mycelium, mannitol water restrictor, and sucrose water restrictor and immersion in conidia suspension were compared and submitted to substrates containing the developed pathogen or not at exposure times of 0, 36, 60, 84, and 108 hours. Evaluations were made by analyzing the severity, incidence, and disease index for anthracnose and seedling physiological quality under greenhouse conditions. The inoculation method by direct contact with sucrose solute for 36 hours was the most suitable for C. truncatum inoculation in lima bean seeds, providing a higher transmission rate but slightly affecting their physiological parameters. C. truncatum damage to lima bean seed performance increased with longer exposure times, regardless of the inoculation method.
{"title":"Colletotrichum truncatum transmission via lima bean seeds","authors":"R. D. S. S. Gomes, Hilderlande Florêncio da Silva, José George Ferreira Medeiros, Walter Efrain Pereira, L. C. D. Nascimento","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66734","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose is the primary disease in Phaseolus lunatus cultures, causing severe losses. Inoculation techniques are vital for assessing genotype resistance and control methods at the early stages of seedling development. This study aimed to compare inoculation methods and exposure times of a lima bean seed variety to Colletotrichum truncatum using a completely randomized 4x5 factorial design with five replications. Seed inoculation methods by direct contact with mycelium, mannitol water restrictor, and sucrose water restrictor and immersion in conidia suspension were compared and submitted to substrates containing the developed pathogen or not at exposure times of 0, 36, 60, 84, and 108 hours. Evaluations were made by analyzing the severity, incidence, and disease index for anthracnose and seedling physiological quality under greenhouse conditions. The inoculation method by direct contact with sucrose solute for 36 hours was the most suitable for C. truncatum inoculation in lima bean seeds, providing a higher transmission rate but slightly affecting their physiological parameters. C. truncatum damage to lima bean seed performance increased with longer exposure times, regardless of the inoculation method.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66031
Sophia Aparecida Morro Chamilete, L. S. Matsumoto, Fernanda Delfino, Guilherme Villa Pirajá, R. M. G. Silva, E. C. T. M. Peixoto
Malassezia pachydermatis causes external otitis, often affecting dogs, and control methods for this microorganism have been resistant to synthetic antifungals. Therefore, this study evaluated the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum Linn (AEP) fruit peel dehydrated (AEPd) and in natura (AEPn) against Malassezia pachydermatis. The M. pachydermatis samples were from the Microbiology Laboratory of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), PR, Brazil. The strains were identified and replicated after inoculation in the Sabouraud dextrose medium. Subsequently, the P. granatum extract was obtained through different extraction methods: cold, water bath, decoction, and infusion. Each test was run fivefold at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% after 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The sensitivity of isolates was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and indicated by an inhibition zone larger than 15 mm. The results were evaluated with a 2x3x6 factorial study design, ANOVA, and Tukey's test at 5% significance. AEPn showed antifungal activity on M. pachydermatis strains, and AEPd did not present an inhibitory influence at any concentration and time. Extraction by decoction was the most efficient, followed by water bath, cold, and infusion. The extracts at a 50% concentration showed the best results, but all other doses determined an inhibition zone larger than 15 mm. Thus, AEP showed a significant therapeutic potential for controlling M. pachydermatis.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of Punica granatum linn extracts against Malassezia pachydermatis","authors":"Sophia Aparecida Morro Chamilete, L. S. Matsumoto, Fernanda Delfino, Guilherme Villa Pirajá, R. M. G. Silva, E. C. T. M. Peixoto","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66031","url":null,"abstract":"Malassezia pachydermatis causes external otitis, often affecting dogs, and control methods for this microorganism have been resistant to synthetic antifungals. Therefore, this study evaluated the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum Linn (AEP) fruit peel dehydrated (AEPd) and in natura (AEPn) against Malassezia pachydermatis. The M. pachydermatis samples were from the Microbiology Laboratory of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), PR, Brazil. The strains were identified and replicated after inoculation in the Sabouraud dextrose medium. Subsequently, the P. granatum extract was obtained through different extraction methods: cold, water bath, decoction, and infusion. Each test was run fivefold at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% after 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The sensitivity of isolates was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and indicated by an inhibition zone larger than 15 mm. The results were evaluated with a 2x3x6 factorial study design, ANOVA, and Tukey's test at 5% significance. AEPn showed antifungal activity on M. pachydermatis strains, and AEPd did not present an inhibitory influence at any concentration and time. Extraction by decoction was the most efficient, followed by water bath, cold, and infusion. The extracts at a 50% concentration showed the best results, but all other doses determined an inhibition zone larger than 15 mm. Thus, AEP showed a significant therapeutic potential for controlling M. pachydermatis.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-69129
Nancy M. B. El-shourbagy, S. Farag, M. Moustafa, L. Al-Shuraym, Samy M. Sayed, Ola Zyaan
The present study investigates the insecticidal and biochemical effects of two essential oils (EOs) and two photosensitizers against cotton aphids in a laboratory setting. The EOs evaluated were clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), while the photosensitizers were rose bengal and rhodamine B. The individual median lethal concentrations (LC50) revealed that clove was ~4.44 times more potent than basil, and rhodamine B was ~1.34 times more potent than rose bengal. The mortality rates increased using higher concentrations of the photosensitizers and prolonging exposure time to sunlight. The most effective combination against adult aphids was found to be a mixture of sub-lethal concentrations of clove and rhodamine B, resulting in a mortality rate of 92.31%. Conversely, the combination of basil and rose bengal exhibited the lowest efficacy with a mortality rate of 33.33%. Biochemical analyses indicate that Rhodamine B, basil, and the basil-rhodamine B mixture (mixture C) significantly reduced trehalase activity. However, the protease activity significantly increased in aphids treated with rose bengal, clove, and the clove-rose bengal mixtures (mixtures A and B). The lipase activity is notably decreased upon treatment with rhodamine B and clove. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in aphids treated with rose bengal and the basil-rhodamine B mixtures (mixtures C and D), suggesting that GST did not play a role in detoxifying these compounds, thereby explaining the susceptibility of A. gossypii. Overall, the combination of essential oils and photosensitizers has demonstrated a synergistic effect in controlling Aphis gossypii, offering great potential as an effective strategy for aphid management.
本研究在实验室环境中调查了两种精油和两种光敏剂对棉蚜的杀虫和生化作用。评估的精油是丁香（Syzygium aromaticum L.）和罗勒（Ocimum basilicum），光敏剂是玫瑰红和罗丹明 B。光敏剂浓度越高，暴露在阳光下的时间越长，死亡率就越高。对蚜虫成虫最有效的组合是亚致死浓度的丁香和罗丹明 B 的混合物，死亡率为 92.31%。相反，罗勒和玫瑰红的组合药效最低，死亡率为 33.33%。生化分析表明，罗丹明 B、罗勒和罗勒-罗丹明 B 混合物（混合物 C）能显著降低三卤甲烷酶的活性。然而，用玫瑰红、丁香和丁香-玫瑰红混合物（混合物 A 和 B）处理蚜虫后，蛋白酶活性明显增加。用罗丹明 B 和丁香处理后，脂肪酶活性明显降低。用玫瑰红和罗勒-罗丹明 B 混合物（混合物 C 和 D）处理蚜虫后，谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶（GST）活性降低，这表明 GST 在这些化合物的解毒过程中没有发挥作用，从而解释了棉铃虫的易感性。总之，精油和光敏剂的组合在控制棉蚜方面表现出了协同效应，作为一种有效的蚜虫防治策略具有巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Biochemical and insecticidal efficacy of clove and basil essential oils and two photosensitizers and their combinations on Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","authors":"Nancy M. B. El-shourbagy, S. Farag, M. Moustafa, L. Al-Shuraym, Samy M. Sayed, Ola Zyaan","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-69129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-69129","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the insecticidal and biochemical effects of two essential oils (EOs) and two photosensitizers against cotton aphids in a laboratory setting. The EOs evaluated were clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), while the photosensitizers were rose bengal and rhodamine B. The individual median lethal concentrations (LC50) revealed that clove was ~4.44 times more potent than basil, and rhodamine B was ~1.34 times more potent than rose bengal. The mortality rates increased using higher concentrations of the photosensitizers and prolonging exposure time to sunlight. The most effective combination against adult aphids was found to be a mixture of sub-lethal concentrations of clove and rhodamine B, resulting in a mortality rate of 92.31%. Conversely, the combination of basil and rose bengal exhibited the lowest efficacy with a mortality rate of 33.33%. Biochemical analyses indicate that Rhodamine B, basil, and the basil-rhodamine B mixture (mixture C) significantly reduced trehalase activity. However, the protease activity significantly increased in aphids treated with rose bengal, clove, and the clove-rose bengal mixtures (mixtures A and B). The lipase activity is notably decreased upon treatment with rhodamine B and clove. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in aphids treated with rose bengal and the basil-rhodamine B mixtures (mixtures C and D), suggesting that GST did not play a role in detoxifying these compounds, thereby explaining the susceptibility of A. gossypii. Overall, the combination of essential oils and photosensitizers has demonstrated a synergistic effect in controlling Aphis gossypii, offering great potential as an effective strategy for aphid management.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59878
A. F. Duarte, J. L. P. Duarte, L. N. Martins, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da Silva, Nycole de Souza Cunha, F. Leite, U. S. Cunha, D. Bernardi
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner has potential for use in insect management. Its use can be an alternative for the management of Bradysia aff. ocellaris (Comstock), considered one of the main strawberry pests in a soilless system. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of different bacteria on B. aff. ocellaris in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays. The following isolates were used in the experiments: Bacillus circulans (Bc), B. thuringiensis var. oswaldo cruzi (Bto) or B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) In the laboratory, B. aff. ocellaris larvae showed high susceptibility to Bti isolate (92 % mortality) 14 days after treatment exposure (DAET). In contrast, the isolates Bc, Bto, and Btk showed less than 32 % mortality, not differing from the control treatment (water – 22 % mortality). According to the concentration-response curves the values of lethal concentration LC50 and LC90 were 4 x 106 CFU.mL-1 and 4 x 1015 CFU.mL-1. By applying Bti (4 × 1012 CFU.mL-1) at the base of strawberry plants growing in plastic pots containing commercial plant substrate, a reduction of 26 % in the emergence of B. aff. ocellaris was observed. According to these results, the Bti isolate is considered promising for the formulation of bioinsecticides based on Bt for the management of B. aff. ocellaris in strawberry culture.
{"title":"Toxicity of Bacillus sp. (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) on the fungus gnats, Bradysia aff. ocellaris larvae (Diptera: Sciaridae)","authors":"A. F. Duarte, J. L. P. Duarte, L. N. Martins, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da Silva, Nycole de Souza Cunha, F. Leite, U. S. Cunha, D. Bernardi","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59878","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner has potential for use in insect management. Its use can be an alternative for the management of Bradysia aff. ocellaris (Comstock), considered one of the main strawberry pests in a soilless system. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of different bacteria on B. aff. ocellaris in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays. The following isolates were used in the experiments: Bacillus circulans (Bc), B. thuringiensis var. oswaldo cruzi (Bto) or B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) In the laboratory, B. aff. ocellaris larvae showed high susceptibility to Bti isolate (92 % mortality) 14 days after treatment exposure (DAET). In contrast, the isolates Bc, Bto, and Btk showed less than 32 % mortality, not differing from the control treatment (water – 22 % mortality). According to the concentration-response curves the values of lethal concentration LC50 and LC90 were 4 x 106 CFU.mL-1 and 4 x 1015 CFU.mL-1. By applying Bti (4 × 1012 CFU.mL-1) at the base of strawberry plants growing in plastic pots containing commercial plant substrate, a reduction of 26 % in the emergence of B. aff. ocellaris was observed. According to these results, the Bti isolate is considered promising for the formulation of bioinsecticides based on Bt for the management of B. aff. ocellaris in strawberry culture.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43599808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67975
S. Al-Qahtani, E. El-Hashash, K. El-Absy, Ahd Mohammed Al-Taymanl, Gharam Zaal Al-Zwain, Maram Nasser Al-Faqeer, Mashael Awad Al-Fahiqi, Z. Alatawi, Amjad Zayed M. Alfuhigi, Rehab Khalaf Mater Hudayri Al-Fahiqi
The biodiversity of the agroecosystem leads to changes in the Floristic composition, diversity, and abundance of weed species in crop and orchard farms. The present study is considered the first attempt to categorize, evaluate, and document the diversity of weed populations among different grape farms in Tayma, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. The results of ANOVA showed that the number of weed species varied significantly across the six grape farms. During six grape farms under study, 30 weed species belonging to thirteen families and 28 genera were recorded. In total, twelve weed species belong to the Poaceae family with a rate of 40%. While the other families are represented either by one or two species with rates of 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Biogeographic origins analysis showed that the Tropical area represented 23.3% of total weed flora, followed by Saharo Arabian (16.7%), Mediterannean-Euro Siberian-Irano-Turanian (13.3%) and American (10.0%). Therophytes were the dominant life forms with a rate of 66.7%, followed by Hemicryptophyte (20.0%), Geophyte (6.7%), and Chamaephyte (6.7%). A total of 16 and 14 weed species belong to the annual and perennial life span, respectively. Also, the grass and herb habits represented 40% and 60% of 30 weed species, respectively. According to the abundance score, the most common weed species of those grape farms in the region study are Cynodon dactylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, and Setaria verticillata, they belong to the Poaceae family. Based on the presence and absence of weed species in grape farms, the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) show that the grape farms and weed species (into two groups) are distinguished mainly along the first two components. Also, positive correlations were observed among most grape farms, according to PCA. Generally, more studies on the ecological aspects and floristic composition of weed species in grape farms are also needed.
{"title":"Diversity of weeds species in grapes farms of Tayma (Tabuk, Saudi Arabia): implication for invasive species ecology","authors":"S. Al-Qahtani, E. El-Hashash, K. El-Absy, Ahd Mohammed Al-Taymanl, Gharam Zaal Al-Zwain, Maram Nasser Al-Faqeer, Mashael Awad Al-Fahiqi, Z. Alatawi, Amjad Zayed M. Alfuhigi, Rehab Khalaf Mater Hudayri Al-Fahiqi","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67975","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiversity of the agroecosystem leads to changes in the Floristic composition, diversity, and abundance of weed species in crop and orchard farms. The present study is considered the first attempt to categorize, evaluate, and document the diversity of weed populations among different grape farms in Tayma, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. The results of ANOVA showed that the number of weed species varied significantly across the six grape farms. During six grape farms under study, 30 weed species belonging to thirteen families and 28 genera were recorded. In total, twelve weed species belong to the Poaceae family with a rate of 40%. While the other families are represented either by one or two species with rates of 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Biogeographic origins analysis showed that the Tropical area represented 23.3% of total weed flora, followed by Saharo Arabian (16.7%), Mediterannean-Euro Siberian-Irano-Turanian (13.3%) and American (10.0%). Therophytes were the dominant life forms with a rate of 66.7%, followed by Hemicryptophyte (20.0%), Geophyte (6.7%), and Chamaephyte (6.7%). A total of 16 and 14 weed species belong to the annual and perennial life span, respectively. Also, the grass and herb habits represented 40% and 60% of 30 weed species, respectively. According to the abundance score, the most common weed species of those grape farms in the region study are Cynodon dactylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, and Setaria verticillata, they belong to the Poaceae family. Based on the presence and absence of weed species in grape farms, the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) show that the grape farms and weed species (into two groups) are distinguished mainly along the first two components. Also, positive correlations were observed among most grape farms, according to PCA. Generally, more studies on the ecological aspects and floristic composition of weed species in grape farms are also needed.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68225
Alireza Abdolhossein Zadeh, Rasoul Shokri, S. Moaddab, M. Rahnema
A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a novel technology, is a biochemical catalyzer system that can convert the chemical energy of materials to bioelectric energy. This system can serve as a unique device for the treatment of wastewater. Based on this knowledge, we decided to study the bioenergy production ability of Actinomycete and microbial isolates in industrial glass factory wastewater as the decomposers of organic materials in this wastewater and the generation of Voltage and current in two batches and fed-batch conditions. At the most favorable condition maximum of 1.08 V (current 3.66 mA and power density 2.88 mW/m2), 81.2% chemical oxygen demand was obtained for a fed-batch system. Also, the outcomes of MFC’s essential parameters, for example, pH and TDS, were studied before and after the performance of MFC. The results showed a significant decrease after the operation of the MFC. To realize which Actinomycete were the most powerful bioelectric microorganism, the growth curve and electricity performance of three kinds of Actinomycete was selected. Results showed that the C2 would be more potent because its Voltage of 0.224 V and current of 1.187 mA possessed by it would result in an excellent power density of 141.42 mW/m2.
{"title":"Analysis and study of the bioelectric production potential of actinomycete and microbial isolates in industrial glass factory wastewater using a microbial fuel cell","authors":"Alireza Abdolhossein Zadeh, Rasoul Shokri, S. Moaddab, M. Rahnema","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68225","url":null,"abstract":"A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a novel technology, is a biochemical catalyzer system that can convert the chemical energy of materials to bioelectric energy. This system can serve as a unique device for the treatment of wastewater. Based on this knowledge, we decided to study the bioenergy production ability of Actinomycete and microbial isolates in industrial glass factory wastewater as the decomposers of organic materials in this wastewater and the generation of Voltage and current in two batches and fed-batch conditions. At the most favorable condition maximum of 1.08 V (current 3.66 mA and power density 2.88 mW/m2), 81.2% chemical oxygen demand was obtained for a fed-batch system. Also, the outcomes of MFC’s essential parameters, for example, pH and TDS, were studied before and after the performance of MFC. The results showed a significant decrease after the operation of the MFC. To realize which Actinomycete were the most powerful bioelectric microorganism, the growth curve and electricity performance of three kinds of Actinomycete was selected. Results showed that the C2 would be more potent because its Voltage of 0.224 V and current of 1.187 mA possessed by it would result in an excellent power density of 141.42 mW/m2.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68812
E. Soares, Claudir José Basso, Mateus Júnior Rodrigues Sangiovo, Eduarda Vargas de Souza Leandro, D. C. Silveira, T. Moreira
The use of poultry litter as a source of nitrogen (N) and the decomposition of ground cover plants can be an alternative and N management strategy in the wheat crop, in succession. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated and/or intercropped cultivation of ground cover plants in autumn/winter and the use of poultry litter on some plant parameters and on the final yield of wheat grains. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plots, with three replications. The treatments in the plots were composed of isolated coverings Avena strigosa Schreb., Raphanus sativus L. and intercropping of A. strigosa + R. sativus and fallow as a control. In the subplots, the N managements in the wheat crop with 100% of the N recommendation via poultry litter, 100% of the N via mineral (urea), 50% via poultry litter + 50% mineral and the control, without N application. The management of nitrogen fertilization and the cover crops altered the yield components of the wheat crop. The use of poultry litter increased the final grain yield, being an alternative as a partial replacement, when associated with urea, or total N. Isolated crops R. sativus and A. strigosa + R. sativus intercropping significantly influenced agronomic performance and final grain yield.
{"title":"Poultry litter and cover crops influence the agronomic performance and grain yield of wheat","authors":"E. Soares, Claudir José Basso, Mateus Júnior Rodrigues Sangiovo, Eduarda Vargas de Souza Leandro, D. C. Silveira, T. Moreira","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-68812","url":null,"abstract":"The use of poultry litter as a source of nitrogen (N) and the decomposition of ground cover plants can be an alternative and N management strategy in the wheat crop, in succession. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated and/or intercropped cultivation of ground cover plants in autumn/winter and the use of poultry litter on some plant parameters and on the final yield of wheat grains. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plots, with three replications. The treatments in the plots were composed of isolated coverings Avena strigosa Schreb., Raphanus sativus L. and intercropping of A. strigosa + R. sativus and fallow as a control. In the subplots, the N managements in the wheat crop with 100% of the N recommendation via poultry litter, 100% of the N via mineral (urea), 50% via poultry litter + 50% mineral and the control, without N application. The management of nitrogen fertilization and the cover crops altered the yield components of the wheat crop. The use of poultry litter increased the final grain yield, being an alternative as a partial replacement, when associated with urea, or total N. Isolated crops R. sativus and A. strigosa + R. sativus intercropping significantly influenced agronomic performance and final grain yield.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49165882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67325
É. Medeiros, Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza, D. P. Costa, Raví Emanoel de Melo, Edcleyton José de Lima, Inara da Silva Araújo, J. C. D. S. Júnior, J. R. D. Lima, K. M. S. Pinto, C. Hammecker
The current agricultural scenario faces diverse challenges, among which phytosanitary issues are crucial. Plant diseases are mostly treated with chemicals, which cause environmental pollution and pathogen resistance. In light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the biochar alternative use to chemical inputs fits into at least six of the proposed goals (2, 3, 7, 13, 15, and 17), highlighting the 12th, which explains responsible consumption and production. Biochar is valuable for inducing systemic resistance in plants because it is a practical and frequently used resource for improving physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes. This review assessed the beneficial and potential effects of applying biochar to agricultural soils on bacterial pathogen management. Such application is a recent strategy; therefore, this research evaluated 20 studies that used biochar to manage plant diseases caused by pathogens inhabiting the soil in different systems. The effectiveness of biochar application in controlling plant diseases has been attributed to its alkaline pH, which contributes to the growth of beneficial microorganisms and increases nutrient availability, and its porous structure, which provides habitat and protection for soil microbiome development. Therefore, the combined effect of improvements on soil attributes through biochar application aids pathogen control. Biochar application helps manage plant diseases through different mechanisms, inducing plant resistance, increasing activities and abundance of beneficial microorganisms, and changing soil quality for nutrient availability and abiotic conditions.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of biochar application to manage plant diseases caused by bacterial pathogens","authors":"É. Medeiros, Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza, D. P. Costa, Raví Emanoel de Melo, Edcleyton José de Lima, Inara da Silva Araújo, J. C. D. S. Júnior, J. R. D. Lima, K. M. S. Pinto, C. Hammecker","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67325","url":null,"abstract":"The current agricultural scenario faces diverse challenges, among which phytosanitary issues are crucial. Plant diseases are mostly treated with chemicals, which cause environmental pollution and pathogen resistance. In light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the biochar alternative use to chemical inputs fits into at least six of the proposed goals (2, 3, 7, 13, 15, and 17), highlighting the 12th, which explains responsible consumption and production. Biochar is valuable for inducing systemic resistance in plants because it is a practical and frequently used resource for improving physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes. This review assessed the beneficial and potential effects of applying biochar to agricultural soils on bacterial pathogen management. Such application is a recent strategy; therefore, this research evaluated 20 studies that used biochar to manage plant diseases caused by pathogens inhabiting the soil in different systems. The effectiveness of biochar application in controlling plant diseases has been attributed to its alkaline pH, which contributes to the growth of beneficial microorganisms and increases nutrient availability, and its porous structure, which provides habitat and protection for soil microbiome development. Therefore, the combined effect of improvements on soil attributes through biochar application aids pathogen control. Biochar application helps manage plant diseases through different mechanisms, inducing plant resistance, increasing activities and abundance of beneficial microorganisms, and changing soil quality for nutrient availability and abiotic conditions.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-64440
Michelle Ferreira da Silva Rimoli, R. M. Nogueira, Pryscila Machado de Catro, A. A. Merlo, A. Sinhorin, J. Kerkhoff, S. R. Ferrarini, E. M. Pires
The adsorptive capacity of charcoal from the husk of the brazil nut fruit, called “ouriço” (the hard ball with nuts inside) for the herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was evaluated. Activated carbons were produced from the brazil nut in a tubular oven at 800 °C and activated with CO2 or water steam. The specific surface area was determined by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method, demonstrating the mean density of micropores. Analysis of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms was undertaken and the morphology of activated carbons was visualized by Scanning Microscopy (SEM). The activated carbons were successfully obtained and had a specific surface area of 395 m2.g-1 and 401 m2.g-1 after activation with either CO2 or water steam, respectively. The highest pore mean density occurred with a diameter of 1.17 nm for carbons activated in both atmospheres. The graph of the adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 showed Type I isotherms, regardless of the activation atmosphere. The SEM analysis showed that, for both activation atmospheres, pore formation occurred in the shape of uniform honeycomb craters. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model, indicating chemisorption. Regardless of the activation atmosphere, the activated carbon from the brazil nut “ouriço”, was highly efficient for 2,4-D adsorption.
{"title":"New alternative for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide (2,4-D)","authors":"Michelle Ferreira da Silva Rimoli, R. M. Nogueira, Pryscila Machado de Catro, A. A. Merlo, A. Sinhorin, J. Kerkhoff, S. R. Ferrarini, E. M. Pires","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-64440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-64440","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorptive capacity of charcoal from the husk of the brazil nut fruit, called “ouriço” (the hard ball with nuts inside) for the herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was evaluated. Activated carbons were produced from the brazil nut in a tubular oven at 800 °C and activated with CO2 or water steam. The specific surface area was determined by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method, demonstrating the mean density of micropores. Analysis of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms was undertaken and the morphology of activated carbons was visualized by Scanning Microscopy (SEM). The activated carbons were successfully obtained and had a specific surface area of 395 m2.g-1 and 401 m2.g-1 after activation with either CO2 or water steam, respectively. The highest pore mean density occurred with a diameter of 1.17 nm for carbons activated in both atmospheres. The graph of the adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 showed Type I isotherms, regardless of the activation atmosphere. The SEM analysis showed that, for both activation atmospheres, pore formation occurred in the shape of uniform honeycomb craters. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model, indicating chemisorption. Regardless of the activation atmosphere, the activated carbon from the brazil nut “ouriço”, was highly efficient for 2,4-D adsorption.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63610
T. S. Souza, V. Gazal, E. L. Aguiar-Menezes, V. J. Fernandes
Research on food finding by pest termites can be used to inform the development of techniques to control their population; however, there is a paucity of information available on the foraging behavior of Nasutitermes corniger, an urban pest in South America. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of the distance between the nest and food on the exploration and recruitment of N. corniger during foraging behavior under laboratory conditions. Nests containing mature colonies were collected in the field and placed in a glass cube connected to a test arena (50.0 × 40.0 cm) in which Eucalyptus grandis blocks were supplied at three different distances: 10, 20 and 30 cm. In each test, the occurrence of the following events were recorded: initial exploitation, initial recruitment, and mass worker recruitment. Individuals in the blocks were counted at the end of each test and divided into the total number of recruited termites, recruited workers, consuming workers and recruited soldiers. Each test lasted 60 minutes and was repeated with 20 colonies. Nasutitermes corniger foragers showed the three behavioral events of interest at all three distances. The occurrences of initial exploitation and initial recruitment, the latency of the three events and the number of foragers were not affected by the distance between the nest and food. The occurrence of mass worker recruitment was the only event affected by this distance, with higher recruitment at shorter distances.
{"title":"Does the distance between the nest and the food source affect the foraging behavior of Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae)?","authors":"T. S. Souza, V. Gazal, E. L. Aguiar-Menezes, V. J. Fernandes","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63610","url":null,"abstract":"Research on food finding by pest termites can be used to inform the development of techniques to control their population; however, there is a paucity of information available on the foraging behavior of Nasutitermes corniger, an urban pest in South America. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of the distance between the nest and food on the exploration and recruitment of N. corniger during foraging behavior under laboratory conditions. Nests containing mature colonies were collected in the field and placed in a glass cube connected to a test arena (50.0 × 40.0 cm) in which Eucalyptus grandis blocks were supplied at three different distances: 10, 20 and 30 cm. In each test, the occurrence of the following events were recorded: initial exploitation, initial recruitment, and mass worker recruitment. Individuals in the blocks were counted at the end of each test and divided into the total number of recruited termites, recruited workers, consuming workers and recruited soldiers. Each test lasted 60 minutes and was repeated with 20 colonies. Nasutitermes corniger foragers showed the three behavioral events of interest at all three distances. The occurrences of initial exploitation and initial recruitment, the latency of the three events and the number of foragers were not affected by the distance between the nest and food. The occurrence of mass worker recruitment was the only event affected by this distance, with higher recruitment at shorter distances.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45244417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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