Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-55641
Marcelo Loran de Oliveira Freitas, Edson Ampélio Pozza, Helon Santos Neto, Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza, Leônidas Leoni Belan, Humberson Rocha da Silva, Paulo Estevão de Souza
Bacterial blight of coffee (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) is an important coffee disease and can be controlled using antibiotics and copper-based compounds. However, copper-based compounds raise doubts among coffee growers regarding bacterial blight control efficiency and phytotoxic potential. In this work, coffee plants were sprayed with different copper molecules in order to study their efficiency on bacterial blight control and the phytotoxic potential. Seven copper formulations, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride, copper nitrate, copper hydroxide 1 (water-dispersible granules) and 2 (concentrated suspension), copper sulfate 1 (complexed with gluconic acid) and 2 (Bordeaux mixture) were studied. The copper formulations efficiency was compared with the antibiotic kasugamycin, saline solution, and control. In controlled environmental conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and photoperiod, coffee seedlings were sprayed with the treatments and after 24 hours they were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae suspension. Disease incidence and severity assessments were performed in a 2-day interval during a 16-day period. Phytotoxicity incidence and severity, mapping, and quantification of copper on the leaf tissue surface, dried leaves weight, and total copper leaf content were assessed 16 days after pathogen inoculation. Data were submitted to the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05). Cuprous oxide and copper sulfate 2 proved most efficient to bacterial blight control, causing lower phytotoxicity effect, best covering, and persistence on leaf tissues. Copper nitrate and copper sulfate complexed with gluconic acid were more phytotoxicity compared to other copper formulations.
{"title":"Copper formulations in bacterial blight control and toxic effects on coffee seedlings","authors":"Marcelo Loran de Oliveira Freitas, Edson Ampélio Pozza, Helon Santos Neto, Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza, Leônidas Leoni Belan, Humberson Rocha da Silva, Paulo Estevão de Souza","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-55641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-55641","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial blight of coffee (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) is an important coffee disease and can be controlled using antibiotics and copper-based compounds. However, copper-based compounds raise doubts among coffee growers regarding bacterial blight control efficiency and phytotoxic potential. In this work, coffee plants were sprayed with different copper molecules in order to study their efficiency on bacterial blight control and the phytotoxic potential. Seven copper formulations, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride, copper nitrate, copper hydroxide 1 (water-dispersible granules) and 2 (concentrated suspension), copper sulfate 1 (complexed with gluconic acid) and 2 (Bordeaux mixture) were studied. The copper formulations efficiency was compared with the antibiotic kasugamycin, saline solution, and control. In controlled environmental conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and photoperiod, coffee seedlings were sprayed with the treatments and after 24 hours they were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae suspension. Disease incidence and severity assessments were performed in a 2-day interval during a 16-day period. Phytotoxicity incidence and severity, mapping, and quantification of copper on the leaf tissue surface, dried leaves weight, and total copper leaf content were assessed 16 days after pathogen inoculation. Data were submitted to the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05). Cuprous oxide and copper sulfate 2 proved most efficient to bacterial blight control, causing lower phytotoxicity effect, best covering, and persistence on leaf tissues. Copper nitrate and copper sulfate complexed with gluconic acid were more phytotoxicity compared to other copper formulations.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-60508
E. Silveira, Ricardo Lopes, F. A. Rodrigues, M. D. Raizer, F. J. Dias, Pamela Keiko Harada, Daniele Simões Araújo, M. Pasqual, J. M. Luz, M. Lopes
The objective of this work was to carry out the in vitro establishment of Echynochloa polystachya aiming at obtaining a micropropagation protocol for works involving the selection of superior genotypes and the cultivation of the species. E. polystachya stems were collected in the municipality of Manaus-AM. Explants were inoculated in test tubes containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Thirty days after in vitro establishment, the rate of sprouting and contamination were evaluated. Experiments were also carried out to assess the effects of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on the tillering rate of explants. It was found that during the successive subcultures there was a decrease in internodes and the consequent loss of vigor. There were responses in the multiplication rate at concentrations starting from 45 g L-1 sucrose. In addition, BAP and sucrose interfered the development and in vitro multiplication. Sucrose in conjunction with BAP was harmful and shortened internodes. The physiological state of the explants for the species under study was intrinsically linked to the concentrations of sucrose used for the culture medium and the concentrations of BAP. However, the sucrose and BAP concentrations suggested for in vitro cultivation of E. Polystachya must be adjusted during successive subcultures. Absence of contamination in the in vitro establishment occurred at concentrations 15, 30 and 60 g L-1 sucrose. The combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 30 g L-1 sucrose promoted greater induction of sprouts. In addition, the in vitro rooting of E. polystachya was 45%.
本研究的目的是建立多水藻的体外培养体系，为多水藻优良基因型的选择和培养工作提供一套微繁方案。在马瑙斯-阿姆市收集了多staachya茎。外植体接种于含有Murashige和Skoog (MS)培养基的试管中。体外培养30 d后，评价其发芽率和污染情况。研究了蔗糖和6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BAP)浓度对外植体分蘖率的影响。结果表明，在继代培养过程中，植株节间减少，活力下降。从45 g L-1蔗糖浓度开始，对繁殖速率有响应。此外，BAP和蔗糖还会干扰植株的发育和体外增殖。蔗糖与BAP联用是有害的，缩短了节间。外植体的生理状态与培养基中蔗糖浓度和BAP浓度有内在联系。然而，多糖体外培养的蔗糖和BAP浓度必须在继代培养过程中进行调整。在15g、30g和60g L-1蔗糖浓度的体外培养基中没有出现污染。1.5 mg L-1 BAP和30 g L-1蔗糖对芽的诱导作用更大。此外，水仙的离体生根率为45%。
{"title":"In vitro establishment and multiplication of Echynochloa polystachya","authors":"E. Silveira, Ricardo Lopes, F. A. Rodrigues, M. D. Raizer, F. J. Dias, Pamela Keiko Harada, Daniele Simões Araújo, M. Pasqual, J. M. Luz, M. Lopes","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-60508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-60508","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to carry out the in vitro establishment of Echynochloa polystachya aiming at obtaining a micropropagation protocol for works involving the selection of superior genotypes and the cultivation of the species. E. polystachya stems were collected in the municipality of Manaus-AM. Explants were inoculated in test tubes containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Thirty days after in vitro establishment, the rate of sprouting and contamination were evaluated. Experiments were also carried out to assess the effects of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on the tillering rate of explants. It was found that during the successive subcultures there was a decrease in internodes and the consequent loss of vigor. There were responses in the multiplication rate at concentrations starting from 45 g L-1 sucrose. In addition, BAP and sucrose interfered the development and in vitro multiplication. Sucrose in conjunction with BAP was harmful and shortened internodes. The physiological state of the explants for the species under study was intrinsically linked to the concentrations of sucrose used for the culture medium and the concentrations of BAP. However, the sucrose and BAP concentrations suggested for in vitro cultivation of E. Polystachya must be adjusted during successive subcultures. Absence of contamination in the in vitro establishment occurred at concentrations 15, 30 and 60 g L-1 sucrose. The combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 30 g L-1 sucrose promoted greater induction of sprouts. In addition, the in vitro rooting of E. polystachya was 45%.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66670973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-59636
W. R. Andayanie, M. Lukito, N. Ermawati, Wuye Ria, Andayanie
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) is one of the problems that can decrease soybean production. The research was conducted on the combined effects of corn in the barrier crop with plant extracts against CpMMV infecting soybean in the field. The field data was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design. The mean of disease incidence and disease severity is measured from total plants in each replicate plot on each treatment. Planting one or two of corn lines were grown at the edge four weeks before planting soybeans. Cashew nut shell (CNS), pagoda leaf, and rhizome of ginger extracts were applied using the sprayer and applied at 24 h before virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. The result showed that the virus incubation period ranged from 9−38 days after transmission longer than the untreated control. Planting two corn lines at the edge with CNS extract as bioactivator on soybean was the most extended incubation period of the virus and the lowest absorbance value DAS-ELISA of 0.20. There was a 73.11 % increase in the relative inhibition level of the virus. Planting corn at the edge with CNS extract proved to be more effective than soybean monoculture with CNS extract. However, soybean monoculture with CNS extract provides a better relative inhibition level of the virus (64.32 %) than planting two rows of corn on the edge combined with ginger of rhizome extract and planting two rows of corn on the edge with pagoda leaf extract as bioactivator on a soybean plant.
{"title":"Combined effect of corn in the barrier crop and plant extracts against Cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the field","authors":"W. R. Andayanie, M. Lukito, N. Ermawati, Wuye Ria, Andayanie","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-59636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-59636","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) is one of the problems that can decrease soybean production. The research was conducted on the combined effects of corn in the barrier crop with plant extracts against CpMMV infecting soybean in the field. The field data was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design. The mean of disease incidence and disease severity is measured from total plants in each replicate plot on each treatment. Planting one or two of corn lines were grown at the edge four weeks before planting soybeans. Cashew nut shell (CNS), pagoda leaf, and rhizome of ginger extracts were applied using the sprayer and applied at 24 h before virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. The result showed that the virus incubation period ranged from 9−38 days after transmission longer than the untreated control. Planting two corn lines at the edge with CNS extract as bioactivator on soybean was the most extended incubation period of the virus and the lowest absorbance value DAS-ELISA of 0.20. There was a 73.11 % increase in the relative inhibition level of the virus. Planting corn at the edge with CNS extract proved to be more effective than soybean monoculture with CNS extract. However, soybean monoculture with CNS extract provides a better relative inhibition level of the virus (64.32 %) than planting two rows of corn on the edge combined with ginger of rhizome extract and planting two rows of corn on the edge with pagoda leaf extract as bioactivator on a soybean plant.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":"558 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54055
Lucas Heringer Barcellos Júnior, Christiano da Conceição de Matos, Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira, Dilma Francisca de Paula, Nayara Pereira Capobiango, Antônio Alberto da Silva
Saflufenacil is a herbicide recommended for use in the main agricultural crops in Brazil to control eudicotyledonous weeds. However, the application of saflufenacil has been carried out without previous knowledge of this herbicide interactions with soil colloids, which may increase environmental contamination risks. In this study, the leaching of saflufenacil in soil samples was estimated with different organic matter contents. Therefore, PVC columns were filled with samples of Xanthic Ferralsol (XF) and Ferralsol (F), with different physical and chemical attributes. Twelve hours after herbicide (70 g i.a. ha-1) application, the PVC columns were subjected to a rainfall of 60 mm. For the evaluation of saflufenacil leaching, the columns were sectioned in ten parts with 5-cm each. Saflufenacil leached up to 50 and 40 cm deep in the samples, with the lowest contents of organic matter of XF and F, respectively. The increase in organic matter content of Ferralsol and Xanthic Ferralsol samples reduced saflufenacil leaching and the symptoms of intoxication in the indicator species. There was an inverse relation between the content of organic matter and the leaching of the herbicide in both soils studied. It was observed that the application of saflufenacil in soils with low organic matter contents may represent a significant environmental contamination risk of soils and watercourses.
番红花是一种推荐用于巴西主要农作物的除草剂，用于控制真双子叶杂草。然而，黄曲霉素的应用是在以前不知道这种除草剂与土壤胶体相互作用的情况下进行的，这可能会增加环境污染风险。在本研究中，对不同有机质含量的土壤样品中黄曲霉素的浸出率进行了估算。因此，在PVC柱中填充了具有不同物理和化学性质的黄原铁醇（XF）和铁醇（F）样品。施用除草剂（70 g i.a.ha-1）12小时后，将PVC柱置于60 mm的降雨量下。为了评估黄曲霉素的浸出，将柱分成10个部分，每个部分5cm。红花酚在样品中的浸出深度分别为50和40厘米，XF和F的有机物含量最低。Ferralsol和Xanthic Ferralsol样品中有机物含量的增加减少了指示物种中黄曲霉素的浸出和中毒症状。在所研究的两种土壤中，有机质含量与除草剂的浸出率呈反比。据观察，在有机质含量低的土壤中施用黄曲霉素可能会对土壤和水道造成重大的环境污染风险。
{"title":"Leaching of saflufenacil in soils with different organic matter contents","authors":"Lucas Heringer Barcellos Júnior, Christiano da Conceição de Matos, Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira, Dilma Francisca de Paula, Nayara Pereira Capobiango, Antônio Alberto da Silva","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54055","url":null,"abstract":"Saflufenacil is a herbicide recommended for use in the main agricultural crops in Brazil to control eudicotyledonous weeds. However, the application of saflufenacil has been carried out without previous knowledge of this herbicide interactions with soil colloids, which may increase environmental contamination risks. In this study, the leaching of saflufenacil in soil samples was estimated with different organic matter contents. Therefore, PVC columns were filled with samples of Xanthic Ferralsol (XF) and Ferralsol (F), with different physical and chemical attributes. Twelve hours after herbicide (70 g i.a. ha-1) application, the PVC columns were subjected to a rainfall of 60 mm. For the evaluation of saflufenacil leaching, the columns were sectioned in ten parts with 5-cm each. Saflufenacil leached up to 50 and 40 cm deep in the samples, with the lowest contents of organic matter of XF and F, respectively. The increase in organic matter content of Ferralsol and Xanthic Ferralsol samples reduced saflufenacil leaching and the symptoms of intoxication in the indicator species. There was an inverse relation between the content of organic matter and the leaching of the herbicide in both soils studied. It was observed that the application of saflufenacil in soils with low organic matter contents may represent a significant environmental contamination risk of soils and watercourses. ","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48789655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-58132
Thiago Silva Peres, Daniela Navarro Ribeiro Teixeira, P. V. Soares, L. F. Zeola, A. C. Machado
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different bone attachment levels and occlusal loads on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary premolars with or without non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), before and after restoration with composite resin by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. From the healthy model, NCCL models were produced and the cavity was restored with composite resin. Models with vertical and horizontal bone loss were also made. For each model, three types of occlusal loads were simulated (100 N): vertical load (VL), buccal load (BL), and palatal load (PL). After processing the models, the data were obtained in MPa for the criteria of Maximum Principal Stress (for all structures) and Minimum Principal Stress (for cortical and medullary bones). Stress values were collected for a node on the cervical buccal surface (Maximum Principal Stress) and the buccal crestal bone (Minimum Principal Stress). As a result, the different bone attachment levels did not affect stress distribution at the amelodentinal junction. The buccal load promoted a higher concentration of compressive stress on the buccal bone surface and the palatal load resulted in greater tensile stress in the buccal cervical third of the tooth. The concentration of tensile stress in the buccal cervical third was exacerbated by the presence of NCCL and it was similar to the healthy and restored models. It can be concluded that stress concentration at the bone level does not depend on the presence or absence of NCCL and the restoration procedure but it is related to the type of occlusal load. However, the presence of NCCL promoted a higher stress concentration in the cervical region, especially when combined with oblique occlusal loads.
{"title":"Influence of non-carious cervical lesions, bone attachment level, and occlusal load on the stress distribution pattern in maxillary premolars: finite element analysis","authors":"Thiago Silva Peres, Daniela Navarro Ribeiro Teixeira, P. V. Soares, L. F. Zeola, A. C. Machado","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-58132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-58132","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different bone attachment levels and occlusal loads on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary premolars with or without non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), before and after restoration with composite resin by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. From the healthy model, NCCL models were produced and the cavity was restored with composite resin. Models with vertical and horizontal bone loss were also made. For each model, three types of occlusal loads were simulated (100 N): vertical load (VL), buccal load (BL), and palatal load (PL). After processing the models, the data were obtained in MPa for the criteria of Maximum Principal Stress (for all structures) and Minimum Principal Stress (for cortical and medullary bones). Stress values were collected for a node on the cervical buccal surface (Maximum Principal Stress) and the buccal crestal bone (Minimum Principal Stress). As a result, the different bone attachment levels did not affect stress distribution at the amelodentinal junction. The buccal load promoted a higher concentration of compressive stress on the buccal bone surface and the palatal load resulted in greater tensile stress in the buccal cervical third of the tooth. The concentration of tensile stress in the buccal cervical third was exacerbated by the presence of NCCL and it was similar to the healthy and restored models. It can be concluded that stress concentration at the bone level does not depend on the presence or absence of NCCL and the restoration procedure but it is related to the type of occlusal load. However, the presence of NCCL promoted a higher stress concentration in the cervical region, especially when combined with oblique occlusal loads.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43692029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-56358
Giovani Apolari Ghirardello, L. D. S. Araújo, Gustavo Soares da Silva, A. F. M. Silva, Luiz Henrique Franco de Campos, R. Victoria Filho
It is believed that indaziflam gives a longer period of weed control compared to clomazone, irrespective of the type or texture of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate pre-emergent control in five problematic weed species of family Poaceae to sugarcane, using the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone in two soils of different textures. Two experiments were carried out, one in a soil of a sandy-loam texture and the other in a clayey soil. For both experiments, a randomised block design of split plots was chosen, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the herbicides indaziflam (75 and 100 g ai ha-1), clomazone (1080 g ai ha-1) and a control with no herbicide. In the subplots, the treatments were Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa plantaginea. Both herbicides were more effective in the clayey soil, but with indaziflam (100 g ai ha-1), more than 90% control of the weeds remained after 240 days after application (DAA), whereas for clomazone, control remained only up to 90 DAA. The herbicide clomazone did not satisfactorily control the weeds in the sandy-loam soil. The herbicide indaziflam did not control U. decumbens in the sandy-loam soil. D. horizontalis and R. cochinchinensis were the most sensitive species to the herbicide indaziflam, irrespective of soil texture.
人们认为，不管土壤的类型或质地如何，与氯马酮相比，indaziflam的杂草控制时间更长。因此，本研究的目的是评估在两种不同质地土壤中，使用除草剂茚地夫兰和氯马唑酮对5种禾科问题杂草对甘蔗的苗期控制。进行了两项实验，一项是在砂壤土质地的土壤中进行的，另一项是在粘土中进行的。两项实验均采用随机分组设计，共4次重复。施用除草剂茚地夫兰(75、100 g / ha-1)、氯马酮(1080 g / ha-1)和不施用除草剂的对照。在小样地中，处理为横地黄、大黄、胭脂草、卧斑尿藻和车前草尿藻。两种除草剂在粘土土壤中均有较好的效果，但施用吲哚吡喃(100 g / ha-1)后240 d (DAA)仍能保持90%以上的除草效果，而氯马唑酮的除草效果仅为90 DAA。除草剂氯马唑酮对沙壤土杂草的控制效果不理想。除草剂吲唑吡喃对沙壤土中的卧卧木没有抑制作用。无论土壤质地如何，横木和胭脂草对除草剂茚唑啉最敏感。
{"title":"Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop","authors":"Giovani Apolari Ghirardello, L. D. S. Araújo, Gustavo Soares da Silva, A. F. M. Silva, Luiz Henrique Franco de Campos, R. Victoria Filho","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-56358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-56358","url":null,"abstract":"It is believed that indaziflam gives a longer period of weed control compared to clomazone, irrespective of the type or texture of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate pre-emergent control in five problematic weed species of family Poaceae to sugarcane, using the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone in two soils of different textures. Two experiments were carried out, one in a soil of a sandy-loam texture and the other in a clayey soil. For both experiments, a randomised block design of split plots was chosen, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the herbicides indaziflam (75 and 100 g ai ha-1), clomazone (1080 g ai ha-1) and a control with no herbicide. In the subplots, the treatments were Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa plantaginea. Both herbicides were more effective in the clayey soil, but with indaziflam (100 g ai ha-1), more than 90% control of the weeds remained after 240 days after application (DAA), whereas for clomazone, control remained only up to 90 DAA. The herbicide clomazone did not satisfactorily control the weeds in the sandy-loam soil. The herbicide indaziflam did not control U. decumbens in the sandy-loam soil. D. horizontalis and R. cochinchinensis were the most sensitive species to the herbicide indaziflam, irrespective of soil texture.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54182
Jóice Xavier de Sousa, Andreza De Jesus Correia, Antonio Jilson Cruz Dias, Caeline Castor da Silva, Patrícia Lopes Leal, J. M. A. Rocabado, Fatima Maria de Sousa Moreira, Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega
The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of rhizobia strains already approved or in the selection stage for cowpea, in the Recôncavo da Bahia region, Brazil. Two field experiments were performed in the municipalities of Cruz das Almas and Maragogipe, Bahia, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with seven nitrogen sources and four replicates. Nitrogen sources consisted of the strains UFRB FA51B1, UFRB BA72C2-1, UFLA 03-164T, UFLA 03-84, INPA 03-11B, and two controls without inoculation, one with mineral nitrogen and another without. All the strains nodulated cowpea. The efficiency of the strains was determined by the number of nodules, nodule dry matter, total dry matter, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation in shoots and grain, and relative efficiency. The strain UFLA 03-164T can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields in both soils. In Maragogipe, the UFLA 03-84 and INPA 03-11B strains can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields. The UFLA 03-164T strain showed great potential to promote and grain yield in the two municipalities studied. The strain INPA 03-11B can be recommended for Maragogipe soil. UFLA 03-84 can also be recommended to increase grain yield in Cruz das Almas.
本研究的目的是评估巴西Recôncavo da Bahia地区已经批准或处于豇豆选择阶段的根瘤菌菌株的农艺效率。在巴西巴伊亚州的Cruz das Almas和Maragogipe市进行了两次实地实验。采用七个氮源和四个重复的随机区组设计。氮源由菌株UFRB FA51B1、UFRB BA72C2-1、UFLA 03-164T、UFLA 03.84、INPA 03-11B和两个未接种的对照组成，一个含有矿物氮，另一个没有。所有菌株都使豇豆结瘤。菌株的效率由根瘤数量、根瘤干物质、总干物质、籽粒产量、芽和籽粒中的氮积累以及相对效率决定。菌株UFLA 03-164T可用于两种土壤中的生物量生产、绿肥和提高粮食产量。在马拉戈吉普，可以推荐UFLA 03-84和INPA 03-11B菌株用于生物质生产、绿肥和提高粮食产量。UFLA 03-164T菌株在所研究的两个城市显示出巨大的增产潜力。可以推荐菌株INPA 03-11B用于Maragogipe土壤。UFLA 03-84也可用于提高Cruz das Almas的粮食产量。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54184
Caroline Farias Barreto, Leticia Vanni Fereira, R. Navroski, Jorge Atílio Benati, R. Cantillano, M. Vizzotto, G. Nava, L. E. Corrêa Antunes
Nitrogen, which is the primary nutrient peach trees need, may affect their fruit quality. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization on two genotypes of peach trees, regarding their fruit quality, in three consecutive crops. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area that belongs to the Embrapa Clima Temperado, located in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, from 2016, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Four doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 Kg ha-1) and two peach tree genotypes (‘Cascata 1513’ and ‘Cascata 1067’) were used. For the fruit, we evaluated epidermis color, pulp firmness, epidermis firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, concentration of total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Fruit underwent physical, chemical and bioactive compound analyses. Results showed that the highest dose of nitrogen (180 Kg ha-1) applied to the soil retards fruit ripening, while no application of nitrogen fertilization brings fruit maturation forward. Nitrogen fertilization via soil does not favor anthocyanins in fruit. Doses of 60 and 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen are recommended because they lead to improvement in peach color, epidermis firmness and acidity. Peach tree genotypes influence soluble solids, juice pH, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of their fruit.
氮素是桃树所需的主要营养物质，影响桃树果实品质。因此，本研究旨在评价连续三季施氮对两种基因型桃树果实品质的影响。实验于2016年、2016年、2017年和2018年在巴西南巴西大州佩洛塔斯(Pelotas)的Embrapa Clima Temperado试验区进行。施用4个氮肥剂量(0、60、120和180 Kg ha-1)和2个桃树基因型(‘Cascata 1513’和‘Cascata 1067’)。我们对果实的表皮颜色、果肉硬度、表皮硬度、可溶性固形物浓度、可滴定酸度、总酚类化合物浓度、花青素和抗氧化活性进行了评价。对果实进行了物理、化学和生物活性成分分析。结果表明，最高施氮量(180 Kg ha-1)会延缓果实成熟，而不施氮则会促进果实成熟。土壤施氮不利于果实中的花青素。建议施氮量为60和120 Kg hm -1，因为它们可以改善桃子的颜色、表皮紧致度和酸度。桃树基因型影响桃树果实的可溶性固形物、汁液pH、酚类化合物和抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Bioactive compounds and physical-chemical characteristics of two genotypes of peach trees submitted to nitrogen fertilization","authors":"Caroline Farias Barreto, Leticia Vanni Fereira, R. Navroski, Jorge Atílio Benati, R. Cantillano, M. Vizzotto, G. Nava, L. E. Corrêa Antunes","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54184","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen, which is the primary nutrient peach trees need, may affect their fruit quality. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization on two genotypes of peach trees, regarding their fruit quality, in three consecutive crops. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area that belongs to the Embrapa Clima Temperado, located in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, from 2016, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Four doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 Kg ha-1) and two peach tree genotypes (‘Cascata 1513’ and ‘Cascata 1067’) were used. For the fruit, we evaluated epidermis color, pulp firmness, epidermis firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, concentration of total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Fruit underwent physical, chemical and bioactive compound analyses. Results showed that the highest dose of nitrogen (180 Kg ha-1) applied to the soil retards fruit ripening, while no application of nitrogen fertilization brings fruit maturation forward. Nitrogen fertilization via soil does not favor anthocyanins in fruit. Doses of 60 and 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen are recommended because they lead to improvement in peach color, epidermis firmness and acidity. Peach tree genotypes influence soluble solids, juice pH, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of their fruit.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-53904
Sultan F. Alsharari, Ibrahim A. A. Almohisen
This study was aimed to investigate the response of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces to three irrigation sources, freshwater (FW), well water (WW), and treated municipal wastewater (TMW), regarding the impact on growth, yield, and grains elements contents. The results showed that the various wheat landraces irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly taller (117.3 cm) with multi tillers (22 tiller plant-1), had maximum spikes per plant (2.6), and longer weighty spikes (14.5 cm & 12.1 g). Landraces L1(Burr), L2 (Baldy Burr), C7 (Yecora Rojo), had maximum tillers, L4 (Alssamaa Burr), L5 (Bahaal Burr), L7 (Yecora Rojo) had more spikes per plant and the longer weighty spikes were recorded in L5 Baldy Burr, L1(Burr), heavy spikes were reported in L5 (Bahaal Burr) and L1(Burr). Moreover, these landraces had the highest yield per plant and 1000 grains weight (49.8 g, 12.5 g) respectively. The N, P, K, and Mg contents were increased under TMW, and their levels in landraces and cultivars in order are 3>L2>L4>L5>L1>C6>C7. Even Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn levels were higher in various landraces irrigated with TMW, however, L3, L2, and L4 had maximum contents of all microelements. TMW irrigation enhanced growth, yield, and grain quality in terms of essential elements. The irrigation of landraces L1, L4, L5 with TMW may be a feasible alternative for sustainable wheat production and safe water in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Evaluating the responses of some wheat landraces and cultivars cultivated locally in Saudi Arabia to three sources of irrigation water","authors":"Sultan F. Alsharari, Ibrahim A. A. Almohisen","doi":"10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-53904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-53904","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the response of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces to three irrigation sources, freshwater (FW), well water (WW), and treated municipal wastewater (TMW), regarding the impact on growth, yield, and grains elements contents. The results showed that the various wheat landraces irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly taller (117.3 cm) with multi tillers (22 tiller plant-1), had maximum spikes per plant (2.6), and longer weighty spikes (14.5 cm & 12.1 g). Landraces L1(Burr), L2 (Baldy Burr), C7 (Yecora Rojo), had maximum tillers, L4 (Alssamaa Burr), L5 (Bahaal Burr), L7 (Yecora Rojo) had more spikes per plant and the longer weighty spikes were recorded in L5 Baldy Burr, L1(Burr), heavy spikes were reported in L5 (Bahaal Burr) and L1(Burr). Moreover, these landraces had the highest yield per plant and 1000 grains weight (49.8 g, 12.5 g) respectively. The N, P, K, and Mg contents were increased under TMW, and their levels in landraces and cultivars in order are 3>L2>L4>L5>L1>C6>C7. Even Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn levels were higher in various landraces irrigated with TMW, however, L3, L2, and L4 had maximum contents of all microelements. TMW irrigation enhanced growth, yield, and grain quality in terms of essential elements. The irrigation of landraces L1, L4, L5 with TMW may be a feasible alternative for sustainable wheat production and safe water in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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