Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66895
M. Kazak, Safiye Selin Koymen, N. Donmez
This in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of different polymerization times on the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins. Three flowable composite resins [Es Flow (ESF), IGOS Flow (IGF), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ)] were tested in this study. Each flowable composite resin (n = 7) was polymerized in a disc-shaped mould (1x10 mm) with an LED light-curing unit (D Light Pro) for two different times (20 and 40 sec.). The top surfaces of all specimens were polished (Sof-Lex). The surface microhardnesses of the flowable composite resins were measured with a Vickers HMV microhardness tester. Water sorption and water solubility were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standard. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane, Dunnett, and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analyses. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rho correlation tests were used to assess possible correlations between the different variables. The results were evaluated with a significance of p<0.05. In terms of microhardness, a significant difference was found between materials at the same polymerization times (p<0.05). All materials showed water sorption of less than 40 µg/mm3 and water solubility of less than 7.5 µg/mm3 by following ISO 4049. The correlations among surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility showed that the differences were determined by the materials and the polymerization times. The physical properties of all flowable composite resin materials were enhanced after polymerization for twice the time recommended by the manufacturers.
{"title":"Can different polymerization times affect the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins?","authors":"M. Kazak, Safiye Selin Koymen, N. Donmez","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66895","url":null,"abstract":"This in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of different polymerization times on the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins. Three flowable composite resins [Es Flow (ESF), IGOS Flow (IGF), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ)] were tested in this study. Each flowable composite resin (n = 7) was polymerized in a disc-shaped mould (1x10 mm) with an LED light-curing unit (D Light Pro) for two different times (20 and 40 sec.). The top surfaces of all specimens were polished (Sof-Lex). The surface microhardnesses of the flowable composite resins were measured with a Vickers HMV microhardness tester. Water sorption and water solubility were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standard. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane, Dunnett, and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analyses. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rho correlation tests were used to assess possible correlations between the different variables. The results were evaluated with a significance of p<0.05. In terms of microhardness, a significant difference was found between materials at the same polymerization times (p<0.05). All materials showed water sorption of less than 40 µg/mm3 and water solubility of less than 7.5 µg/mm3 by following ISO 4049. The correlations among surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility showed that the differences were determined by the materials and the polymerization times. The physical properties of all flowable composite resin materials were enhanced after polymerization for twice the time recommended by the manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-65038
A. Qureshi, T. Akhtar, Luqman Khan, M. Numan
In the present study Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), were used to treat buffaloes naturally infected with fasciolosis and their efficacy (%) was compared. In vivo, pre-and post-treatment (50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg/ kg body weight of the two medicinal plants) fecal egg counts were determined following standard fecal egg count reduction in buffaloes (Babulus sp.) of Nili Ravi breed naturally parasitized with Fasciola sp. The infected buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 main groups’ i.e. A, B, and C. Animals in groups A and B were further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3. Sub-groups A1 and B1 were given dose levels of 50mg/kg body weight, A2, and B2, 100mg while A3 and B3, 150mg/kg body weight of Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), respectively. Group C with infected animals served as a control. 2 medicinal plants has been found significantly (P<0.05) efficient (42-100%) and safe to use against fasciolosis.
{"title":"Anti-fasciolic effect of raw seeds of Nigella sativa, Fumaria parviflora (aerial), in naturally infected Buffaloes","authors":"A. Qureshi, T. Akhtar, Luqman Khan, M. Numan","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-65038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-65038","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), were used to treat buffaloes naturally infected with fasciolosis and their efficacy (%) was compared. In vivo, pre-and post-treatment (50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg/ kg body weight of the two medicinal plants) fecal egg counts were determined following standard fecal egg count reduction in buffaloes (Babulus sp.) of Nili Ravi breed naturally parasitized with Fasciola sp. The infected buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 main groups’ i.e. A, B, and C. Animals in groups A and B were further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3. Sub-groups A1 and B1 were given dose levels of 50mg/kg body weight, A2, and B2, 100mg while A3 and B3, 150mg/kg body weight of Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), respectively. Group C with infected animals served as a control. 2 medicinal plants has been found significantly (P<0.05) efficient (42-100%) and safe to use against fasciolosis.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43306258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63699
This study evaluated the toxic effects of organic extracts of Calotropis procera leaves on the survival, development, and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda. Solutions of crude methanol extract and hexane and methanol fractions of C. procera leaves were added at 1.15% and 2.14% concentrations to the artificial diet of S. frugiperda. The mortality and duration of larval and pupal phases, weights of female and male pupae, deformations of pupae and adults, the reduction of adults able to reproduce, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, the number of postures per female, and the fecundity and fertility of S. frugiperda females were also evaluated. The extracts harmed the survival, development, and reproduction of S. frugiperda. The ingestion of extracts and fractions by caterpillars affected adults by decreasing the oviposition period, the number of postures, fecundity, and fertility. The crude MeOH extract at a 2.14% concentration harmed the evaluated parameters of the insect, except for pupal mortality, female pupae weight, and pre-oviposition period. The MeOH fraction at 2.14% caused a 50.0% mortality of caterpillars and 16.0% deformation in pupae and 33.0% in adults, reducing by 72.0% the population able to reproduce. The MeOH fraction at the 2.14% concentration caused 25.0% and 38.0% of pupal mortality and deformation, respectively. Calotropis procera has promising insecticidal properties for a biological insecticide, a convenient and sustainable strategy for protecting plants against S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Insecticidal potential of organic extracts of Calotropis procera to Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63699","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the toxic effects of organic extracts of Calotropis procera leaves on the survival, development, and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda. Solutions of crude methanol extract and hexane and methanol fractions of C. procera leaves were added at 1.15% and 2.14% concentrations to the artificial diet of S. frugiperda. The mortality and duration of larval and pupal phases, weights of female and male pupae, deformations of pupae and adults, the reduction of adults able to reproduce, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, the number of postures per female, and the fecundity and fertility of S. frugiperda females were also evaluated. The extracts harmed the survival, development, and reproduction of S. frugiperda. The ingestion of extracts and fractions by caterpillars affected adults by decreasing the oviposition period, the number of postures, fecundity, and fertility. The crude MeOH extract at a 2.14% concentration harmed the evaluated parameters of the insect, except for pupal mortality, female pupae weight, and pre-oviposition period. The MeOH fraction at 2.14% caused a 50.0% mortality of caterpillars and 16.0% deformation in pupae and 33.0% in adults, reducing by 72.0% the population able to reproduce. The MeOH fraction at the 2.14% concentration caused 25.0% and 38.0% of pupal mortality and deformation, respectively. Calotropis procera has promising insecticidal properties for a biological insecticide, a convenient and sustainable strategy for protecting plants against S. frugiperda.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41591834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66613
V. D. Silva, R. S. Nascimento, J. P. L. Neto, J. Miranda, F. F. M. Lopes, D. A. Furtado
This work aimed to perform bioclimatic zoning based on the temperature and humidity index (THI) for quails from the 3rd to the 5th week of life during the rainy season in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to identify the most suitable mesoregions among the Zona da Mata, Agreste, Borborema and Sertão for the breeding of these birds and to propose mitigating measures for the thermal comfort of the animals. The monthly air temperature and relative humidity data for calculating the THI were obtained from conventional meteorological stations of the National Meteorological Institute of the Brazilian federal government from 1961 to 2015, in turn making maps with the spatial distribution of the index. The index ranged from 71 to 76 in the various mesoregions of Paraíba, with Agreste being the best mesoregion for breeding quails from the 3rd to the 5th week of life, thus providing a thermal comfort zone for birds and only requiring a few corrective measures in their facilities, when necessary, followed by the Sertão, Zona da Mata and Borborema mesoregions.
这项工作旨在根据巴西帕拉伊巴州鹌鹑在雨季出生第3至第5周的温度和湿度指数（THI）进行生物气候区划，Borborema和Sertão为这些鸟类的繁殖提出了建议，并提出了减轻动物热舒适度的措施。用于计算THI的月度气温和相对湿度数据是从1961年至2015年巴西联邦政府国家气象研究所的常规气象站获得的，进而绘制出该指数的空间分布图。在帕拉íba的各个中间区，该指数从71到76不等，Agreste是鹌鹑在出生第3到第5周繁殖的最佳中间区，因此为鸟类提供了一个热舒适区，只需要在必要时在其设施中采取一些纠正措施，其次是Sertão、Zona da Mata和Borborema中间区。
{"title":"Bioclimatic zoning for quails in the rain season in the state of Paraíba, Brazil","authors":"V. D. Silva, R. S. Nascimento, J. P. L. Neto, J. Miranda, F. F. M. Lopes, D. A. Furtado","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66613","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to perform bioclimatic zoning based on the temperature and humidity index (THI) for quails from the 3rd to the 5th week of life during the rainy season in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to identify the most suitable mesoregions among the Zona da Mata, Agreste, Borborema and Sertão for the breeding of these birds and to propose mitigating measures for the thermal comfort of the animals. The monthly air temperature and relative humidity data for calculating the THI were obtained from conventional meteorological stations of the National Meteorological Institute of the Brazilian federal government from 1961 to 2015, in turn making maps with the spatial distribution of the index. The index ranged from 71 to 76 in the various mesoregions of Paraíba, with Agreste being the best mesoregion for breeding quails from the 3rd to the 5th week of life, thus providing a thermal comfort zone for birds and only requiring a few corrective measures in their facilities, when necessary, followed by the Sertão, Zona da Mata and Borborema mesoregions.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59855
A. Fogaça, A. D. Castro, E. A. Barbosa
Comprehension of the bean responses of beans common under to water deficit is an important tool in agricultural planning, like sowing time, and deficit irrigation management strategies. The study aimed to understand the morpho-physiological responses and yield attributes of two common bean genotypes submitted to water stress at different phenological stages. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in randomized block scheme with five repetitions. To achieve the objectives deficit irrigation of 25% of crop evapotranspiration was practiced during vegetative (DI-V), flowering (DI-F), and pod filling (DI-PF) stages. A non-deficit irrigated (NDI) and deficit irrigated through vegetative to pod filling stages (DI-VP) treatments were added for comparison. The following morphophysiological responses and yield attributes were evaluated: net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration, chlorophyll index, number of trifoliate leaves, chlorophyll index, leaf area, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, the mass of thousand grains, harvest index, and water use efficiency. The beans genotype under DI-V exhibited acclimation, observed by the relative increment with NDI of 195%, 759%, and 231% of net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration, respectively. Plants under treatment DI-PF experienced dis-stress and plastic responses as leaf losses and exhaustion of gas exchanges. Treatment DI-V received 11% less water than NDI and exhibited equal yield, resulting in higher water use efficiency. Yield attributes correlations indicated that yield penalty might be related to pods abortion, which not occurred to plants under DI-V.
{"title":"Physiological and morphological responses of two beans common genotype to water stress at different phenological stages","authors":"A. Fogaça, A. D. Castro, E. A. Barbosa","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-59855","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehension of the bean responses of beans common under to water deficit is an important tool in agricultural planning, like sowing time, and deficit irrigation management strategies. The study aimed to understand the morpho-physiological responses and yield attributes of two common bean genotypes submitted to water stress at different phenological stages. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in randomized block scheme with five repetitions. To achieve the objectives deficit irrigation of 25% of crop evapotranspiration was practiced during vegetative (DI-V), flowering (DI-F), and pod filling (DI-PF) stages. A non-deficit irrigated (NDI) and deficit irrigated through vegetative to pod filling stages (DI-VP) treatments were added for comparison. The following morphophysiological responses and yield attributes were evaluated: net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration, chlorophyll index, number of trifoliate leaves, chlorophyll index, leaf area, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, the mass of thousand grains, harvest index, and water use efficiency. The beans genotype under DI-V exhibited acclimation, observed by the relative increment with NDI of 195%, 759%, and 231% of net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration, respectively. Plants under treatment DI-PF experienced dis-stress and plastic responses as leaf losses and exhaustion of gas exchanges. Treatment DI-V received 11% less water than NDI and exhibited equal yield, resulting in higher water use efficiency. Yield attributes correlations indicated that yield penalty might be related to pods abortion, which not occurred to plants under DI-V.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42686706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66497
N. Rafiq, S. Ayaz, S. Niaz, M. Kamal, Luqman Khan
This epidemiological study was conducted to compare the climatic conditions of four different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in terms of the prevalence of parasitic infection Paramphistomum in cows and buffaloes. A total of 2400/cows and buffaloes (200/per month and 50/per district) fecal samples were collected. The samples were examined for Paramphistomum egg contamination by direct microscopic examination and sedimentation methods. The infectivity ratio was 17.5% in cows and 17% in buffaloes; the higher rate of infection was recorded in autumn with 41% in cows and 36% in buffaloes. Whereas the lowest ratio was 6.5% in cows and 7% in buffaloes recorded during spring. It was also noted that a high rate of prevalence was recorded in older animals (higher than 2 years of age) than younger (less than 2 years of age), while gender-wise, it was observed that male animals were more affected than females. Prevalence was higher in cows in Mardan district (19.30%) followed by Nowshera (19.10%) and Swabi (17.80%) districts while lowest in Charsadda district (13.80%) where in buffaloes the higher prevalence was recorded in Swabi (18.80%) followed by Mardan (18.60%) then Charsadda (16.80%) while lowest in Nowshera (13.80%).
{"title":"Epidemiological analysis of Paramphistomum species in Ruminants in selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan","authors":"N. Rafiq, S. Ayaz, S. Niaz, M. Kamal, Luqman Khan","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66497","url":null,"abstract":"This epidemiological study was conducted to compare the climatic conditions of four different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in terms of the prevalence of parasitic infection Paramphistomum in cows and buffaloes. A total of 2400/cows and buffaloes (200/per month and 50/per district) fecal samples were collected. The samples were examined for Paramphistomum egg contamination by direct microscopic examination and sedimentation methods. The infectivity ratio was 17.5% in cows and 17% in buffaloes; the higher rate of infection was recorded in autumn with 41% in cows and 36% in buffaloes. Whereas the lowest ratio was 6.5% in cows and 7% in buffaloes recorded during spring. It was also noted that a high rate of prevalence was recorded in older animals (higher than 2 years of age) than younger (less than 2 years of age), while gender-wise, it was observed that male animals were more affected than females. Prevalence was higher in cows in Mardan district (19.30%) followed by Nowshera (19.10%) and Swabi (17.80%) districts while lowest in Charsadda district (13.80%) where in buffaloes the higher prevalence was recorded in Swabi (18.80%) followed by Mardan (18.60%) then Charsadda (16.80%) while lowest in Nowshera (13.80%).","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66896
Tanyapohn Soingam, Moltira Srithaworn
Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Chandaeng) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in ancient Thai household remedies. This research focused on investigating the biological properties, including the antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical characteristics of crude Chandaeng extracts. Dried Chandaeng heartwood powder was extracted using ethanol, methanol, and deionized water. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were then tested against skin pathogens, including Cutibacterium acnes (DMST14916), Staphylococcus epidermidis (TISTR518), and Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR321). The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity. In a time-kill assay, all bacteria were completely killed after being exposed to it, while the cell membranes were found to have leaked when viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¢-azino-bis -3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. According to the findings, the crude ethanolic extract of Chandaeng showed the highest level of antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the potential of the extract to treat skin hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an important melanin synthesis enzyme, was determined and the ethanolic extract was found to be an anti-tyrosinase agent. Finally, the crude ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic compound and flavonoid content. In conclusion, crude Chandaeng extract showed significant potential in activity against skin pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. These properties of the extract could be applied to skincare cosmetics.
{"title":"Anti-tyrosinase, anti-skin pathogenic bacterial, and antioxidant activities and phytochemical constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen extract","authors":"Tanyapohn Soingam, Moltira Srithaworn","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-66896","url":null,"abstract":"Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Chandaeng) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in ancient Thai household remedies. This research focused on investigating the biological properties, including the antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical characteristics of crude Chandaeng extracts. Dried Chandaeng heartwood powder was extracted using ethanol, methanol, and deionized water. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were then tested against skin pathogens, including Cutibacterium acnes (DMST14916), Staphylococcus epidermidis (TISTR518), and Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR321). The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity. In a time-kill assay, all bacteria were completely killed after being exposed to it, while the cell membranes were found to have leaked when viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¢-azino-bis -3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. According to the findings, the crude ethanolic extract of Chandaeng showed the highest level of antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the potential of the extract to treat skin hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an important melanin synthesis enzyme, was determined and the ethanolic extract was found to be an anti-tyrosinase agent. Finally, the crude ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic compound and flavonoid content. In conclusion, crude Chandaeng extract showed significant potential in activity against skin pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. These properties of the extract could be applied to skincare cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67310
T. S. Oliveira, I. N. Silva, E. S. Aniceto, José Ribeiro Meirelles Júnior
This study aimed to compare the univariate analyses (relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio, and residual feed intake) and multivariate analysis (bionutritional index [BNI]) to determine feed efficiency. Were used a total of 160 cattle (individual data) and the analyzed variables were dry matter intake, weight gain, and body weight of the animals. We used five methods to evaluate feed efficiency, the BNI, FE, corrected feeding efficiency (corFE), Kleiber ratio (KR), and residual feed intake (RFI). Study 1 demonstrated that only the FE (p=0.0472) was significant, although the FE after the transformation of Box-Cox (corFE) (p=0.0642) showed a statistical trend. In studies 2, 3, and 5, we observed that BNI was the best biological efficiency indicator. In the study 4, we observed that the best indicators were FE (0.110; p=0.0281), corFE (0.380; p=0.0429), and RFI (0.465; p=0.0340) for the genders. However, corFE decreased the coefficient of variation in all studies. In conclusion, the use of the Box-Cox transformation is as efficient as the multivariate analysis in discriminating experimental groups (genetic groups, different levels of concentrate in the diet, and genders) concerning the other univariate analyzes.
{"title":"Application of the multivariate and univariate analyses to estimate the feed efficiency in beef cattle","authors":"T. S. Oliveira, I. N. Silva, E. S. Aniceto, José Ribeiro Meirelles Júnior","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67310","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the univariate analyses (relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio, and residual feed intake) and multivariate analysis (bionutritional index [BNI]) to determine feed efficiency. Were used a total of 160 cattle (individual data) and the analyzed variables were dry matter intake, weight gain, and body weight of the animals. We used five methods to evaluate feed efficiency, the BNI, FE, corrected feeding efficiency (corFE), Kleiber ratio (KR), and residual feed intake (RFI). Study 1 demonstrated that only the FE (p=0.0472) was significant, although the FE after the transformation of Box-Cox (corFE) (p=0.0642) showed a statistical trend. In studies 2, 3, and 5, we observed that BNI was the best biological efficiency indicator. In the study 4, we observed that the best indicators were FE (0.110; p=0.0281), corFE (0.380; p=0.0429), and RFI (0.465; p=0.0340) for the genders. However, corFE decreased the coefficient of variation in all studies. In conclusion, the use of the Box-Cox transformation is as efficient as the multivariate analysis in discriminating experimental groups (genetic groups, different levels of concentrate in the diet, and genders) concerning the other univariate analyzes.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49314919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67626
R. Salazar-Cuytun, J. Herrera-Camacho, R. García-Herrera, D. Pozo-Leyva, A. Gurgel, L. Ítavo, G. T. Santos, A. Chay-Canul
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), ultrasound measurements (USM), and internal fat (IF) in hair sheep. The BMI and USM were determined 24 hours before laughter in 35 animals finished in intensive fattening. At slaughter, the IF (inner adipose tissue) was dissected, weighed, and grouped as mesenteric, omental, or perirenal fat; these three depots were summed to obtain their total weight. The relationship of the variables was evaluated through Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) using the CORR procedure and by regression models using the REG procedure of SAS ver. 9.3. The IF and BMI presented r= 0.75 (P <.0001), while the IF and USM presented an r that varied from 0.70 to 0.80 (P <.0001). Among the internal fat deposits, the perirenal was the one that presented minor correlation coefficients with BMI (r = 0.55), subcutaneous fat thickness (0.55), and thoracic Longissimus dorsi area) (r = 0.33), and for this, the last correlation was not significant (P>0.05). The regression equation between IF and BMI had a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.67 (P <.0001). The inclusion of the subcutaneous fat thickness together with the BMI improved the r2 with a range of 0.77. The BMI and the subcutaneous fat thickness could be used to predict the weight of the internal fat in hair sheep.
{"title":"Relationships between body mass index, ultrasound measurements and, internal body fat depots in pelibuey sheep","authors":"R. Salazar-Cuytun, J. Herrera-Camacho, R. García-Herrera, D. Pozo-Leyva, A. Gurgel, L. Ítavo, G. T. Santos, A. Chay-Canul","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-67626","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), ultrasound measurements (USM), and internal fat (IF) in hair sheep. The BMI and USM were determined 24 hours before laughter in 35 animals finished in intensive fattening. At slaughter, the IF (inner adipose tissue) was dissected, weighed, and grouped as mesenteric, omental, or perirenal fat; these three depots were summed to obtain their total weight. The relationship of the variables was evaluated through Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) using the CORR procedure and by regression models using the REG procedure of SAS ver. 9.3. The IF and BMI presented r= 0.75 (P <.0001), while the IF and USM presented an r that varied from 0.70 to 0.80 (P <.0001). Among the internal fat deposits, the perirenal was the one that presented minor correlation coefficients with BMI (r = 0.55), subcutaneous fat thickness (0.55), and thoracic Longissimus dorsi area) (r = 0.33), and for this, the last correlation was not significant (P>0.05). The regression equation between IF and BMI had a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.67 (P <.0001). The inclusion of the subcutaneous fat thickness together with the BMI improved the r2 with a range of 0.77. The BMI and the subcutaneous fat thickness could be used to predict the weight of the internal fat in hair sheep.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63393
The work aimed at determining the effects of applying different blends between liquid molasses and agricultural limestone on water quality and growth performance of Nile tilapia juveniles, Oreochromis niloticus. The study employed 24 indoor tanks of 100 L and 24 outdoor tanks of 250 L. Four control groups were set up (no product applied, only molasses, only limestone, molasses-limestone blend with 48% limestone but no fish) and two experimental groups (molasses-limestone blends with 32% and 48% molasses), with four replicates each. Over 11 weeks, the water quality was monitored systematically. The 24-h cycle monitoring of temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved O2 and total alkalinity were carried out at the 8th week. The blends between molasses and limestone accelerated the dissolution rate of the agricultural limestone in water. The blend containing 48% molasses led to greater increases in water alkalinity and pH in relation to tanks with only limestone applications. However, the molasses-limestone blend applications impaired the Nile tilapia growth performance, especially in the outdoor tanks. While the fish yield was 25.1 g m-3 day-1 in the molasses outdoor tanks, it was equal to 22.8 g m-3 day-1 in the molasses (32%)-limestone units (P<0.05). It has been concluded that the blending between limestone and molasses brings no clear benefits to Nile tilapia’s rearing tanks when compared to the limestone-only tanks.
本研究旨在确定应用液体糖蜜和农业石灰石的不同混合物对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼水质和生长性能的影响。试验采用24个100 L的室内水箱和24个250 L的室外水箱，设置4个对照组(不施用产品、只施用糖蜜、只施用石灰石、糖蜜-石灰石掺48%石灰石不加鱼)和2个试验组(糖蜜-石灰石掺32%和48%糖蜜)，每个重复4个。在11周的时间里，对水质进行了系统监测。第8周进行温度、pH、比电导、溶解氧和总碱度24 h循环监测。糖蜜与石灰石的共混物加速了农业用石灰石在水中的溶解速度。与只使用石灰石的容器相比，含有48%糖蜜的混合物使水的碱度和pH值增加得更大。然而，糖蜜-石灰石混合物的应用损害了尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能，特别是在室外池中。室外箱产鱼量为25.1 g m-3 day-1，石灰石箱产鱼量为22.8 g m-3 day-1 (32%) (P<0.05)。研究表明，与纯石灰石养殖池相比，石灰石和糖蜜的混合对尼罗罗非鱼养殖池没有明显的好处。
{"title":"Application of limestone-molasses blends in Nile tilapia rearing tanks","authors":"","doi":"10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-63393","url":null,"abstract":"The work aimed at determining the effects of applying different blends between liquid molasses and agricultural limestone on water quality and growth performance of Nile tilapia juveniles, Oreochromis niloticus. The study employed 24 indoor tanks of 100 L and 24 outdoor tanks of 250 L. Four control groups were set up (no product applied, only molasses, only limestone, molasses-limestone blend with 48% limestone but no fish) and two experimental groups (molasses-limestone blends with 32% and 48% molasses), with four replicates each. Over 11 weeks, the water quality was monitored systematically. The 24-h cycle monitoring of temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved O2 and total alkalinity were carried out at the 8th week. The blends between molasses and limestone accelerated the dissolution rate of the agricultural limestone in water. The blend containing 48% molasses led to greater increases in water alkalinity and pH in relation to tanks with only limestone applications. However, the molasses-limestone blend applications impaired the Nile tilapia growth performance, especially in the outdoor tanks. While the fish yield was 25.1 g m-3 day-1 in the molasses outdoor tanks, it was equal to 22.8 g m-3 day-1 in the molasses (32%)-limestone units (P<0.05). It has been concluded that the blending between limestone and molasses brings no clear benefits to Nile tilapia’s rearing tanks when compared to the limestone-only tanks.","PeriodicalId":8951,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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