Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10091-y
Lin Jin, Jianxiong Chen, Lingheng Wu, Mengjiao Zhang, Xiaobo Tang, Cuiqin Shen, Jiali Sun, Lianfang Du, Xifu Wang, Zhaojun Li
Objectives: COVID-19 viral pneumonia can result in increased arterial stiffness, along with cardiac and systemic inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness, inflammation severity, and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: In this study, anthropometric data, pneumonia infection severity, and blood tests were analyzed. Arterial stiffness was assessed using the non-invasive assessment indices, including arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and central arterial pulse pressure (CAPP). Infection volumes and percentages for the whole lungs, most lobes, and most segments were extracted from CT images using artificial intelligence-based quantitative analysis software. The relationship between arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics, and all-cause mortality was investigated.
Results: In multivariable Cox regression analysis, high CAPP was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.263, 95% CI, 0.073-0.945, p = 0.041). Whole lung infection percentages were independently associated with high CAPP, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.662 and a specificity of 89.09%.
Conclusions: High CAPP, but not high AVI, demonstrated independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia infection. Evaluating this parameter could help in risk assessment and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in viral pneumonia infections.
{"title":"Central artery pulse pressure, not central arterial stiffness impact on all-cause mortality in patients with viral pneumonia infection.","authors":"Lin Jin, Jianxiong Chen, Lingheng Wu, Mengjiao Zhang, Xiaobo Tang, Cuiqin Shen, Jiali Sun, Lianfang Du, Xifu Wang, Zhaojun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10091-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10091-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>COVID-19 viral pneumonia can result in increased arterial stiffness, along with cardiac and systemic inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness, inflammation severity, and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, anthropometric data, pneumonia infection severity, and blood tests were analyzed. Arterial stiffness was assessed using the non-invasive assessment indices, including arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and central arterial pulse pressure (CAPP). Infection volumes and percentages for the whole lungs, most lobes, and most segments were extracted from CT images using artificial intelligence-based quantitative analysis software. The relationship between arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics, and all-cause mortality was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariable Cox regression analysis, high CAPP was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.263, 95% CI, 0.073-0.945, p = 0.041). Whole lung infection percentages were independently associated with high CAPP, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.662 and a specificity of 89.09%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High CAPP, but not high AVI, demonstrated independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia infection. Evaluating this parameter could help in risk assessment and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in viral pneumonia infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10032-9
Muhammad Mujahid, Tahir Khurshaid, Mejdl Safran, Sultan Alfarhood, Imran Ashraf
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an extremely infectious, viral, and chronic skin disease that is caused by the Capripox virus. This viral disease is predominantly found in cows. Mosquitoes and ticks are the primary transmitters for the spread of this virus. Recently, LSDV has been rapidly spreading all over the world, especially in several areas of Pakistan, India, and Iran. Thousands of cows have died due to this infectious virus in Pakistan and early detection of LSDV is needed to avoid further loss. The prediction and classification of LSDV are hindered by the lack of publicly available datasets. Despite a few studies using LSDV datasets, such datasets are often small, which may lead to model overfitting. In this regard, we collect the dataset from several online sources, as well as, collecting images from veterinary farms in different areas of Pakistan. Deep learning has been widely used in the medical field for disease detection and classification. Therefore, this study leverages DenseNet deep learning models for LSDV detection and classification. Experiments are performed using VGG-16, ResNet-50, MobileNet-V2, custom-designed convolutional neural network, and Inception-V3. The DenseNet architecture presents a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Spatial Attention (SA) for the prediction and classification of LSD. Results demonstrate that a 99.11% accuracy can be obtained on the augmented dataset while a 94.23% accuracy can be achieved with the original dataset for chicken pox, monkey pox, and LSDV. Comparison with state-of-the-art studies corroborates the superior performance of the proposed model.
{"title":"Prediction of lumpy skin disease virus using customized CBAM-DenseNet-attention model.","authors":"Muhammad Mujahid, Tahir Khurshaid, Mejdl Safran, Sultan Alfarhood, Imran Ashraf","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10032-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10032-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an extremely infectious, viral, and chronic skin disease that is caused by the Capripox virus. This viral disease is predominantly found in cows. Mosquitoes and ticks are the primary transmitters for the spread of this virus. Recently, LSDV has been rapidly spreading all over the world, especially in several areas of Pakistan, India, and Iran. Thousands of cows have died due to this infectious virus in Pakistan and early detection of LSDV is needed to avoid further loss. The prediction and classification of LSDV are hindered by the lack of publicly available datasets. Despite a few studies using LSDV datasets, such datasets are often small, which may lead to model overfitting. In this regard, we collect the dataset from several online sources, as well as, collecting images from veterinary farms in different areas of Pakistan. Deep learning has been widely used in the medical field for disease detection and classification. Therefore, this study leverages DenseNet deep learning models for LSDV detection and classification. Experiments are performed using VGG-16, ResNet-50, MobileNet-V2, custom-designed convolutional neural network, and Inception-V3. The DenseNet architecture presents a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Spatial Attention (SA) for the prediction and classification of LSD. Results demonstrate that a 99.11% accuracy can be obtained on the augmented dataset while a 94.23% accuracy can be achieved with the original dataset for chicken pox, monkey pox, and LSDV. Comparison with state-of-the-art studies corroborates the superior performance of the proposed model.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10078-9
Yufei Miao, Wenkang Liu, Sarah Mohammed Saeed Alsallameh, Norah A Albekairi, Ziyad Tariq Muhseen, Christopher J Butch
Malaria is a potentially fatal infective illness caused due to parasites that belong to the Plasmodium genus, which are transferred to humans with the help of the stings of affected female Anopheles mosquitoes, and it persists as a serious public wellness problem worldwide. Cordia myxa is a medicinal plant that possesses various medicinal characteristics like antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, which makes it an important natural resource for the therapy of different maladies in traditional medicine. In this investigation, a certain network pharmacology method has been utilized to identify the potent active components, possible targets as well as signaling pathways present in C. myxa in relation to malaria therapy. The active compounds were submitted to molecular docking approaches to validate their successful activity against the potential targets. The study concluded that three constituents named cosmosiin, stigmastanol, robinetin, and quercetin were highly active and could regulate the expression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (CASP3), which may act as a potential therapeutic target for malaria treatment. These analyses are validated by molecular dynamics simulation which reflects on the overall structural stability of the intermolecular conformation and interactions. These results can also be witnessed in simulation-based trajectories binding free energies, which concluded the significant role of electrostatic and van der Waals energies in total intermolecular interactions. Finally, we utilized machine learning to predict the anti-malarial activity of C. myxa compounds, comparing them with approved drugs. Using the Chemprop model and MAIP predictions, we assessed ten compounds, revealing their potential as lead anti-malarial agents. This study establishes a groundwork for comprehending the function of the anti-malaria action of C. myxa.
{"title":"Unraveling Cordia myxa's anti-malarial potential: integrative insights from network pharmacology, molecular modeling, and machine learning.","authors":"Yufei Miao, Wenkang Liu, Sarah Mohammed Saeed Alsallameh, Norah A Albekairi, Ziyad Tariq Muhseen, Christopher J Butch","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10078-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10078-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is a potentially fatal infective illness caused due to parasites that belong to the Plasmodium genus, which are transferred to humans with the help of the stings of affected female Anopheles mosquitoes, and it persists as a serious public wellness problem worldwide. Cordia myxa is a medicinal plant that possesses various medicinal characteristics like antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, which makes it an important natural resource for the therapy of different maladies in traditional medicine. In this investigation, a certain network pharmacology method has been utilized to identify the potent active components, possible targets as well as signaling pathways present in C. myxa in relation to malaria therapy. The active compounds were submitted to molecular docking approaches to validate their successful activity against the potential targets. The study concluded that three constituents named cosmosiin, stigmastanol, robinetin, and quercetin were highly active and could regulate the expression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (CASP3), which may act as a potential therapeutic target for malaria treatment. These analyses are validated by molecular dynamics simulation which reflects on the overall structural stability of the intermolecular conformation and interactions. These results can also be witnessed in simulation-based trajectories binding free energies, which concluded the significant role of electrostatic and van der Waals energies in total intermolecular interactions. Finally, we utilized machine learning to predict the anti-malarial activity of C. myxa compounds, comparing them with approved drugs. Using the Chemprop model and MAIP predictions, we assessed ten compounds, revealing their potential as lead anti-malarial agents. This study establishes a groundwork for comprehending the function of the anti-malaria action of C. myxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections among HIV-infected patients are rare. To improve understanding, we analyzed the clinical features, immune mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis of these patients.
Methods: We collected clinical information from HIV-positive patients with talaromycosis admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning from January 2015 to June 2022. Patients who presented with culture and/or histopathological proof of tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection were included.
Results: A total of 108 patients with respiratory infections who underwent bronchoscopy were enrolled. Seven patients with tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection, all of whom were men with a median age of 48 years (range 39-50 years), were analyzed. Cough, sputum, fever, and weight loss were the most common symptoms. The total white blood cell count was normal or decreased, and all lymphocyte counts were decreased. All patients had reduced CD4+ T-cell counts, with values less than 50 cells/µL. The chest CT imaging signs included patchy signals or large areas of exudation, bronchial stenosis and occlusion. This was different from the lack of bronchial involvement. Endoscopically, the trachea and bronchial mucosa showed congestion, edema, surface attachment, nodules, lumen stenosis, obstruction, etc. T. marneffei spores were found via bronchial mucosal pathology in all 7 patients. Five patients were initially treated with intravenous infusion of amphotericin B for 2 weeks, followed by oral itraconazole capsules (200 mg) twice daily, and two patients were initially treated with itraconazole. Six patients were remission, and 1 died.
Conclusions: The clinical features of trachea invasion and nontracheal invasion are not unique, but chest CT reveals manifestations such as masses, solid shadows, and bronchial stenosis/obstruction. Bronchoscopy should be performed if possible, and the presence or absence of trachea T. marneffei infection should be confirmed. Antiviral therapy combined with antifungal therapy can improve patient prognosis.
目的:艾滋病毒感染者中气管支气管马内菲氏菌(Talaromyces marneffei,T. marneffei)感染非常罕见。为了加深了解,我们对这些患者的临床特征、免疫机制、治疗和预后进行了分析:我们收集了2015年1月至2022年6月南宁市第四人民医院收治的HIV阳性滑石霉菌病患者的临床资料。方法:收集南宁市第四人民医院从2015年1月至2022年6月收治的HIV阳性滑液菌病患者的临床资料,纳入经培养和/或组织病理学证明感染气管支气管滑液菌的患者:结果:共纳入108名接受支气管镜检查的呼吸道感染患者。结果:共有 108 名呼吸道感染患者接受了支气管镜检查,其中 7 名患者患有气管支气管 T. marneffei 感染,均为男性,中位年龄为 48 岁(39-50 岁)。咳嗽、咳痰、发烧和体重减轻是最常见的症状。白细胞总数正常或减少,所有淋巴细胞计数均下降。所有患者的 CD4+ T 细胞计数均下降,数值低于 50 cells/µL。胸部 CT 成像征象包括斑片状信号或大面积渗出、支气管狭窄和闭塞。这与支气管未受累不同。内窥镜检查显示,气管和支气管粘膜充血、水肿、表面附着物、结节、管腔狭窄、阻塞等。所有 7 名患者的支气管粘膜病理检查均发现了 T. marneffei 孢子。5 名患者最初接受两性霉素 B 静脉输注治疗 2 周,随后口服伊曲康唑胶囊(200 毫克),每日 2 次;2 名患者最初接受伊曲康唑治疗。6名患者病情缓解,1名患者死亡:气管侵犯和非气管侵犯的临床特征并不独特,但胸部 CT 可显示肿块、实性阴影和支气管狭窄/阻塞等表现。如有可能,应进行支气管镜检查,并确认是否存在气管 T. marneffei 感染。抗病毒治疗结合抗真菌治疗可改善患者的预后。
{"title":"Clinical characteristics of HIV-associated tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei infection in seven patients in Guangxi, China.","authors":"Mianluan Pan, Hongjie Wu, Hairong Lin, Zhimin Peng, Jie Huang, Jianquan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10046-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10046-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections among HIV-infected patients are rare. To improve understanding, we analyzed the clinical features, immune mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis of these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected clinical information from HIV-positive patients with talaromycosis admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning from January 2015 to June 2022. Patients who presented with culture and/or histopathological proof of tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 patients with respiratory infections who underwent bronchoscopy were enrolled. Seven patients with tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection, all of whom were men with a median age of 48 years (range 39-50 years), were analyzed. Cough, sputum, fever, and weight loss were the most common symptoms. The total white blood cell count was normal or decreased, and all lymphocyte counts were decreased. All patients had reduced CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell counts, with values less than 50 cells/µL. The chest CT imaging signs included patchy signals or large areas of exudation, bronchial stenosis and occlusion. This was different from the lack of bronchial involvement. Endoscopically, the trachea and bronchial mucosa showed congestion, edema, surface attachment, nodules, lumen stenosis, obstruction, etc. T. marneffei spores were found via bronchial mucosal pathology in all 7 patients. Five patients were initially treated with intravenous infusion of amphotericin B for 2 weeks, followed by oral itraconazole capsules (200 mg) twice daily, and two patients were initially treated with itraconazole. Six patients were remission, and 1 died.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical features of trachea invasion and nontracheal invasion are not unique, but chest CT reveals manifestations such as masses, solid shadows, and bronchial stenosis/obstruction. Bronchoscopy should be performed if possible, and the presence or absence of trachea T. marneffei infection should be confirmed. Antiviral therapy combined with antifungal therapy can improve patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10065-0
Dac Trung Nguyen, Thi Loan Nguyen, Allison Olmsted, Thi Hong Duong, Hong Mai Hoang, Lien Huong Nguyen, Mahamoudou Ouattara, Jennifer Milucky, Fernanda C Lessa, Thi Trang Dai Vo, Van Thanh Phan, Thi Hien Anh Nguyen, Nguyen My Nguyet Pham, Huu Khanh Truong, Thi Quynh Tram Phan, Thi Hong Hoa Bui, Van Khang Pham, Makiko Iijima, Binh Le, Lindsay Kim, Jennifer Loo Farrar
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) are leading causes of childhood bacterial meningitis and preventable by vaccines. The aim of this hospital-based sentinel surveillance is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis, including disease burden, and to provide baseline data on pneumococcal serotype distribution to support decision making for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in Vietnam.
Methods: Surveillance for probable bacterial meningitis in children 1-59 months of age is conducted in three tertiary level pediatric hospitals: one in Hanoi and two in Ho Chi Minh City. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected via lumbar puncture from children with suspected meningitis. Specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory department of the respective hospital for cytology, biochemistry, and microbiology testing, including culture. PCR testing was conducted on CSF specimens for bacterial detection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis) and pneumococcal serotyping.
Results: During 2015-2018, a total of 1,803 children with probable bacterial meningitis were detected; 1,780 had CSF specimens available for testing. Of 245 laboratory-confirmed positive cases, the majority were caused by S. pneumoniae (229,93.5%). Of those with S. pneumoniae detected, over 70% were caused by serotypes included in currently available PCV products; serotypes 6 A/6B (27.1%), 14 (19.7%), and 23 F (16.2%) were the most common serotypes. Children with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to live in Hanoi (p < 0.0001) and children 12-23 months of age were at greater odds (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.43; p = 0.006) of having confirmed pneumococcal meningitis compared to children < 12 months of age when compared to those without laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis. Additionally, children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to exhibit signs and symptoms consistent with clinical meningitis compared to negative laboratory-confirmed meningitis cases (p < 0.0001) and had a greater odds of death (OR = 6.18, 95% CI: 2.98, 12.86; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Pneumococcal meningitis contributes to a large burden of bacterial meningitis in Vietnamese children. A large proportion are caused by serotypes covered by PCVs currently available. Introduction of PCV into the routine immunization program could reduce the burden of pneumococcal meningitis in Viet Nam.
{"title":"Epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in sentinel hospital surveillance of Viet Nam, 2015-2018.","authors":"Dac Trung Nguyen, Thi Loan Nguyen, Allison Olmsted, Thi Hong Duong, Hong Mai Hoang, Lien Huong Nguyen, Mahamoudou Ouattara, Jennifer Milucky, Fernanda C Lessa, Thi Trang Dai Vo, Van Thanh Phan, Thi Hien Anh Nguyen, Nguyen My Nguyet Pham, Huu Khanh Truong, Thi Quynh Tram Phan, Thi Hong Hoa Bui, Van Khang Pham, Makiko Iijima, Binh Le, Lindsay Kim, Jennifer Loo Farrar","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10065-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10065-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) are leading causes of childhood bacterial meningitis and preventable by vaccines. The aim of this hospital-based sentinel surveillance is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis, including disease burden, and to provide baseline data on pneumococcal serotype distribution to support decision making for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveillance for probable bacterial meningitis in children 1-59 months of age is conducted in three tertiary level pediatric hospitals: one in Hanoi and two in Ho Chi Minh City. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected via lumbar puncture from children with suspected meningitis. Specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory department of the respective hospital for cytology, biochemistry, and microbiology testing, including culture. PCR testing was conducted on CSF specimens for bacterial detection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis) and pneumococcal serotyping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2015-2018, a total of 1,803 children with probable bacterial meningitis were detected; 1,780 had CSF specimens available for testing. Of 245 laboratory-confirmed positive cases, the majority were caused by S. pneumoniae (229,93.5%). Of those with S. pneumoniae detected, over 70% were caused by serotypes included in currently available PCV products; serotypes 6 A/6B (27.1%), 14 (19.7%), and 23 F (16.2%) were the most common serotypes. Children with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to live in Hanoi (p < 0.0001) and children 12-23 months of age were at greater odds (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.43; p = 0.006) of having confirmed pneumococcal meningitis compared to children < 12 months of age when compared to those without laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis. Additionally, children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to exhibit signs and symptoms consistent with clinical meningitis compared to negative laboratory-confirmed meningitis cases (p < 0.0001) and had a greater odds of death (OR = 6.18, 95% CI: 2.98, 12.86; p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pneumococcal meningitis contributes to a large burden of bacterial meningitis in Vietnamese children. A large proportion are caused by serotypes covered by PCVs currently available. Introduction of PCV into the routine immunization program could reduce the burden of pneumococcal meningitis in Viet Nam.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10089-6
Tamrat Endebu, Girma Taye, Wakgari Deressa
Background: Patient loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) in HIV care is a major challenge, especially in low-resource settings. Although the literature has focused on the total rate at which patients disengage from care, it has not sufficiently examined the specific risk periods during which patients are most likely to disengage from care. By addressing this gap, researchers and healthcare providers can develop more targeted interventions to improve patient engagement in HIV care.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on newly enrolled adult HIV patients at seven randomly selected high-volume health facilities in Ethiopia from May 2022 to April 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with a focus on the incidence rate of LTFU during the critical risk periods. Cumulative hazard analysis was used to compare event distributions, whereas a Poisson regression model was used to identify factors predicting LTFU, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The analysis included 737 individuals newly enrolled in HIV care; 165 participants (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.5-25.2) were LTFU by the end of two years, of which 50.1% occurred within the first 6 months, 29.7% within 7-12 months, and 19.4% from 13 to 24 months on ART. The overall incidence rate of LTFU was 18.3 per 1,000 PMO (95% CI: 15.9-20.6), with rates of 167.7 in the first 6 months, 55.4 in 7-12 months, and 18.1 in 13-24 months. Incomplete addresses lacking a phone number or location information (IRR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.27) and poor adherence (IRR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.48) were factors predicting the incidence rate of LTFU.
Conclusion: LTFU peaked in the first 6 months, accounting for approximately half of total losses, remained elevated from months 7-12, and stabilized after the first year of HIV care and treatment. Address information and adherence were predictors of LTFU. To effectively minimize LTFU, efforts should focus on intensive support during the first six months of care, followed by sustained efforts and monitoring in the next six months. Our findings highlight a critical period for targeted interventions to reduce LTFU in HIV care.
{"title":"Rate and predictors of loss to follow-up in HIV care in a low-resource setting: analyzing critical risk periods.","authors":"Tamrat Endebu, Girma Taye, Wakgari Deressa","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10089-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10089-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) in HIV care is a major challenge, especially in low-resource settings. Although the literature has focused on the total rate at which patients disengage from care, it has not sufficiently examined the specific risk periods during which patients are most likely to disengage from care. By addressing this gap, researchers and healthcare providers can develop more targeted interventions to improve patient engagement in HIV care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study on newly enrolled adult HIV patients at seven randomly selected high-volume health facilities in Ethiopia from May 2022 to April 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with a focus on the incidence rate of LTFU during the critical risk periods. Cumulative hazard analysis was used to compare event distributions, whereas a Poisson regression model was used to identify factors predicting LTFU, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 737 individuals newly enrolled in HIV care; 165 participants (22.4%, 95% CI: 19.5-25.2) were LTFU by the end of two years, of which 50.1% occurred within the first 6 months, 29.7% within 7-12 months, and 19.4% from 13 to 24 months on ART. The overall incidence rate of LTFU was 18.3 per 1,000 PMO (95% CI: 15.9-20.6), with rates of 167.7 in the first 6 months, 55.4 in 7-12 months, and 18.1 in 13-24 months. Incomplete addresses lacking a phone number or location information (IRR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.27) and poor adherence (IRR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.48) were factors predicting the incidence rate of LTFU.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LTFU peaked in the first 6 months, accounting for approximately half of total losses, remained elevated from months 7-12, and stabilized after the first year of HIV care and treatment. Address information and adherence were predictors of LTFU. To effectively minimize LTFU, efforts should focus on intensive support during the first six months of care, followed by sustained efforts and monitoring in the next six months. Our findings highlight a critical period for targeted interventions to reduce LTFU in HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10086-9
Marta Moniz, Carolina Ruivinho, Ana Rita Goes, Patrícia Soares, Andreia Leite
{"title":"Correction: Long COVID is not the same for everyone: a hierarchical cluster analysis of long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test.","authors":"Marta Moniz, Carolina Ruivinho, Ana Rita Goes, Patrícia Soares, Andreia Leite","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10086-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10086-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10007-w
Heba Sherif Abdel Aziz, Dalia Kadry Ismail, Nessma Sayed Ahmed Mohammed, Marwa O Elgendy, Dina M Bassiouny
Background: Candidemia is a widespread threat that can lead to significant complications in healthcare settings.
Objectives: Our study aimed to identify isolates of Candida isolated from blood culture bottles of patients with candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility profiles.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Cairo University tertiary care hospitals over 16 months including 90 patients. Candida isolates were collected from blood culture bottles, and identified using MALDI-TOF MS technology of VITEK MS PRIME (bioMérieux) with the corresponding database VITEK IVD Database 3.2. followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using VITEK 2 Compact system.
Results: Candida albicans was the most common species isolated from both pediatric and adult patients with percentages of 47.3% and 36.4% respectively, followed by Candida parapsilosis with percentages of 32.6% and 25.0% respectively. Voriconazole showed the highest antifungal activity at 90.9% of isolates in adults and 95.7% in pediatrics, followed by caspofungin and micafungin. The mean hospital stays for adults ranged from 8 to 30 days and from 10 to 42 days in the pediatric group.
Conclusions: C. albicans remains the predominant species isolated from both pediatric and adult candidemia patients, despite a notable increase in other species. C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are considered the most common non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The rise in Candida species other than albicans highlights the urgent need for effective antifungal stewardship programs. Voriconazole exhibited the higher antifungal activity followed by caspofungin and micafungin.
{"title":"Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients admitted to Egyptian tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Heba Sherif Abdel Aziz, Dalia Kadry Ismail, Nessma Sayed Ahmed Mohammed, Marwa O Elgendy, Dina M Bassiouny","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10007-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candidemia is a widespread threat that can lead to significant complications in healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study aimed to identify isolates of Candida isolated from blood culture bottles of patients with candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study at Cairo University tertiary care hospitals over 16 months including 90 patients. Candida isolates were collected from blood culture bottles, and identified using MALDI-TOF MS technology of VITEK MS PRIME (bioMérieux) with the corresponding database VITEK IVD Database 3.2. followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using VITEK 2 Compact system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Candida albicans was the most common species isolated from both pediatric and adult patients with percentages of 47.3% and 36.4% respectively, followed by Candida parapsilosis with percentages of 32.6% and 25.0% respectively. Voriconazole showed the highest antifungal activity at 90.9% of isolates in adults and 95.7% in pediatrics, followed by caspofungin and micafungin. The mean hospital stays for adults ranged from 8 to 30 days and from 10 to 42 days in the pediatric group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>C. albicans remains the predominant species isolated from both pediatric and adult candidemia patients, despite a notable increase in other species. C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are considered the most common non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The rise in Candida species other than albicans highlights the urgent need for effective antifungal stewardship programs. Voriconazole exhibited the higher antifungal activity followed by caspofungin and micafungin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09982-x
Ana Paula Figueiredo de Montalvão França, Jenephy Thalita Rosa Paixão, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca, Rogério Valois Laurentino, Luana Gabriella Figueiredo de Montalvão Leite, Amanda Souza França Veras, Francisco Jordano da Silva Feitosa Ribeiro, Pablo Fabiano Moura das Neves, Luís Fábio Magno Falcão, Ana Carla Figueiredo de Montalvão Serrão, Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho, Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
Background: Pregnancy can be a risk factor for the development of more severe COVID-19 with a possible increase in the risk of complications during pregnancy/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in women in the perinatal period attended in the city of Belém, northern region of Brazil.
Methods: This is a clinical, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Foundation (FSCMPA). It included 230 pregnant women hospitalized at FSCMPA with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR molecular test between April 2020 and June 2022. Clinical and epidemiological information (origin, gestational age, prenatal care, comorbidities, birth complications, and chest tomography) were obtained from medical records, and correlation was made between the types of cases (mild, moderate, and severe) and maternal outcome. The chi-square test and G test were used to assess the possibility of association between variables.
Results: Evidence of association was observed between the severity of COVID-19 and the following parameters: gestational age, specific pregnancy comorbidities, baby and maternal death, birth complications, and prematurity. Dyspnea, headache, anosmia, odynophagia, diarrhea, and chest pain were the symptoms most related to disease aggravation. The maternal mortality rate in the study was 8.7%.
Conclusion: Specific pregnancy-related and pre-existing comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection directly contribute to the worsening clinical condition, leading to complications such as prematurity, fetal, and maternal death.
背景:妊娠可能是感染更严重的 COVID-19 的危险因素,可能会增加妊娠/分娩并发症和新生儿不良结局的风险。本研究旨在描述和分析巴西北部贝伦市围产期妇女感染 SARS-CoV-2 的临床和流行病学情况:这是一项临床、观察、分析和横断面研究,采用定量方法,在巴拉圣母之家基金会(Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará,FSCMPA)进行。研究对象包括 2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 6 月期间在巴拉圣母之家基金会(FSCMPA)住院且 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR 分子检测呈阳性的 230 名孕妇。研究人员从病历中获取了临床和流行病学信息(籍贯、孕龄、产前护理、合并症、分娩并发症和胸部断层扫描),并将病例类型(轻度、中度和重度)与产妇结局进行了相关性分析。采用卡方检验(chi-square test)和G检验(G test)来评估变量之间存在关联的可能性:结果:COVID-19 的严重程度与下列参数之间存在关联:胎龄、特定的妊娠合并症、婴儿和产妇死亡、出生并发症和早产。呼吸困难、头痛、嗅觉障碍、吞咽困难、腹泻和胸痛是与病情加重最相关的症状。该研究的孕产妇死亡率为 8.7%:结论:与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的特定妊娠合并症和原有合并症直接导致临床状况恶化,导致早产、胎儿和产妇死亡等并发症。
{"title":"Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and infection outcomes in one of the largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Ana Paula Figueiredo de Montalvão França, Jenephy Thalita Rosa Paixão, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca, Rogério Valois Laurentino, Luana Gabriella Figueiredo de Montalvão Leite, Amanda Souza França Veras, Francisco Jordano da Silva Feitosa Ribeiro, Pablo Fabiano Moura das Neves, Luís Fábio Magno Falcão, Ana Carla Figueiredo de Montalvão Serrão, Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho, Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-09982-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09982-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy can be a risk factor for the development of more severe COVID-19 with a possible increase in the risk of complications during pregnancy/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in women in the perinatal period attended in the city of Belém, northern region of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a clinical, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Foundation (FSCMPA). It included 230 pregnant women hospitalized at FSCMPA with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR molecular test between April 2020 and June 2022. Clinical and epidemiological information (origin, gestational age, prenatal care, comorbidities, birth complications, and chest tomography) were obtained from medical records, and correlation was made between the types of cases (mild, moderate, and severe) and maternal outcome. The chi-square test and G test were used to assess the possibility of association between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence of association was observed between the severity of COVID-19 and the following parameters: gestational age, specific pregnancy comorbidities, baby and maternal death, birth complications, and prematurity. Dyspnea, headache, anosmia, odynophagia, diarrhea, and chest pain were the symptoms most related to disease aggravation. The maternal mortality rate in the study was 8.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specific pregnancy-related and pre-existing comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection directly contribute to the worsening clinical condition, leading to complications such as prematurity, fetal, and maternal death.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09491-x
Daniel Hughes, Jeffrey Ai, Parsia Vazirnia, Tyson McLeish, Chandler Krajco, Richard Moraga, Katherine Quinn
During the 2022 mpox outbreak, our study conducted 30 interviews with a recruited sample of Chicago gay men (age 18+) during June-September to investigate their experiences of mpox, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured guide about gay sexual identity and social experiences; HIV/AIDS, ART, and PrEP; and COVID-19 behaviors and vaccination. All 30 interview respondents had been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and expressed minimal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. All the men living with HIV in our study were on ART with HIV well controlled. A majority of HIV- participants (70%) were on PrEP, with participants universally aware of PrEP benefits. Additionally, most participants had already received at least one shot of the Jynneos mpox vaccine, with many interviewees enduring long lines, sometimes at multiple locations, before vaccination in primarily gay social spaces. These Chicago gay men demonstrated widespread enthusiasm for mpox vaccination as a disease prevention strategy and most of them had already been vaccinated despite significant barriers. The enthusiasm of the participants in our study emerged within a medical landscape shaped by both COVID-19 vaccination and HIV/AIDS-related health interventions including ART and PrEP, which may have helped instill increased medical trust among this population. Our study suggests that out urban gay men may comprise a distinctive minority population with increased medical trust due to specific social, sexual, and historical experiences.
{"title":"A qualitative study of Chicago gay men and the Mpox outbreak of 2022 in the context of HIV/AIDS, PrEP, and COVID-19.","authors":"Daniel Hughes, Jeffrey Ai, Parsia Vazirnia, Tyson McLeish, Chandler Krajco, Richard Moraga, Katherine Quinn","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-09491-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09491-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the 2022 mpox outbreak, our study conducted 30 interviews with a recruited sample of Chicago gay men (age 18+) during June-September to investigate their experiences of mpox, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured guide about gay sexual identity and social experiences; HIV/AIDS, ART, and PrEP; and COVID-19 behaviors and vaccination. All 30 interview respondents had been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and expressed minimal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. All the men living with HIV in our study were on ART with HIV well controlled. A majority of HIV- participants (70%) were on PrEP, with participants universally aware of PrEP benefits. Additionally, most participants had already received at least one shot of the Jynneos mpox vaccine, with many interviewees enduring long lines, sometimes at multiple locations, before vaccination in primarily gay social spaces. These Chicago gay men demonstrated widespread enthusiasm for mpox vaccination as a disease prevention strategy and most of them had already been vaccinated despite significant barriers. The enthusiasm of the participants in our study emerged within a medical landscape shaped by both COVID-19 vaccination and HIV/AIDS-related health interventions including ART and PrEP, which may have helped instill increased medical trust among this population. Our study suggests that out urban gay men may comprise a distinctive minority population with increased medical trust due to specific social, sexual, and historical experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}