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Correction: Comparative study of pathogen detection methods for central nervous system infections: laboratory testing of tuberculous meningitis. 更正:中枢神经系统感染病原体检测方法的比较研究:结核性脑膜炎的实验室检测。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10172-y
Zengchen Liu, Xujie Zhu, Shengkun Zhang, Dapeng Li, Dian Wang, Yijie Wang, Yunyan Tang, Fangjia Tong, Wanzhen Xu, Guobao Li, Lanlan Wei, Ming Chu
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引用次数: 0
Provincial distribution and factors associated with self-reported sexually transmitted infections and their symptoms among women in Sierra Leone. 塞拉利昂妇女自我报告的性传播感染及其症状的省份分布和相关因素。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10030-x
Augustus Osborne, Mainprice Akuoko Essuman, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Camilla Bangura, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health concern worldwide. These infections can have severe consequences for women's health, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with STIs among women in Sierra Leone is crucial to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study investigated the provincial distribution and factors associated with self-reported STIs (SR-STIs) and STI symptoms among women in Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used data from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey, comprising 13,965 women aged 15 to 49 who have ever had sex. Provincial variations in the prevalence of SR-STIs and STI symptoms were presented using a spatial map. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with SR-STIs and STI symptoms among women in Sierra Leone. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of SR-STIs and their symptoms was 21.6% [20.4, 22.9] among women in Sierra Leone. Higher odds of SR-STIs and their symptoms were associated with being aged 25-29 (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10,1.66), 30-34 (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09,1.74), 35-39 (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.77), having tested for HIV (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.29), and having multiple sexual partners (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.80, 2.83) compared to those in the reference category. Being in the rich wealth index (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.57), living in the Northern (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 2.08, 2.83) and Northwestern province (aOR = 3.28, 95% CI = 2.81, 3.83), and being covered by health insurance (aOR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.62, 3.88) were associated with higher odds of SR-STIs and their symptoms. Lower odds of SR-STIs and their symptoms were found among women with one (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.96), two (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.93), three (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.83), and four or more children (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.77], those residing in rural areas (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.94), and women living in the Southern province (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.80) compared to those in the reference category.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that SR-STIs and their symptoms are prevalent among women in Sierra Leone. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to address the SR-STIs and their symptoms among women in Sierra Leone. The increased risk among women aged 25-39, those with multiple sexual partners and those from wealthier backgrounds, suggests that educational programmes focusing on safe sexual practices and STI prevention should be prioritized in urban and affluent areas. Additionally, the lower odds of SR-STIs among women with more children and those in rural
背景:性传播感染(STI)是全球关注的重大公共卫生问题。这些感染会对妇女的健康造成严重后果,包括盆腔炎、不孕不育和增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。了解塞拉利昂妇女性传播感染的流行情况和相关因素,对于制定有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要。本研究调查了塞拉利昂妇女自我报告的性传播感染(SR-STIs)和性传播感染症状的省份分布及相关因素:研究使用了 2019 年塞拉利昂人口与健康调查的数据,其中包括 13965 名年龄在 15 至 49 岁之间、曾经有过性行为的女性。利用空间地图展示了各省 SR-STI 感染率和 STI 症状的差异。为评估塞拉利昂妇女中与 SR-STIs 和 STI 症状相关的因素,进行了二元逻辑回归分析。结果以调整后的几率比(aOR)和 95% 的置信区间(CI)表示:结果:塞拉利昂妇女中SR-STI及其症状的总体流行率为21.6% [20.4, 22.9]。年龄在 25-29 岁(aOR = 1.35,95% CI = 1.10,1.66)、30-34 岁(aOR = 1.38,95% CI = 1.09,1.74)、35-39 岁(aOR = 1.39,95% CI = 1.10, 1.77)、接受过 HIV 检测(aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.29)和有多个性伴侣(aOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.80, 2.83)。富裕指数(aOR = 1.32,95% CI = 1.11,1.57)、居住在北方省(aOR = 2.43,95% CI = 2.08,2.83)和西北省(aOR = 3.28,95% CI = 2.81,3.83)以及有医疗保险(aOR = 3.19,95% CI = 2.62,3.88)与较高的 SR-STIs 及其症状几率相关。有一个孩子(aOR = 0.81,95% CI = 0.68,0.96)、两个孩子(aOR = 0.75,95% CI = 0.61,0.93)、三个孩子(aOR = 0.66,95% CI = 0.53,0.83)和四个或四个以上孩子(aOR = 0.62,95% CI = 0.49,0.77]、居住在农村地区的妇女(aOR = 0.81,95% CI = 0.69,0.94)和居住在南方省的妇女(aOR = 0.67,95% CI = 0.57,0.80):研究结果表明,SR-STIs 及其症状在塞拉利昂妇女中很普遍。我们的研究结果突出表明,迫切需要采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施,以解决塞拉利昂妇女中的 SR-STIs 及其症状问题。25-39 岁女性、有多个性伴侣的女性和家境较富裕的女性的风险增加,这表明在城市和富裕地区应优先实施以安全性行为和性传播感染预防为重点的教育计划。此外,子女较多的女性和农村地区的女性发生 SR-STI 的几率较低,这表明家庭动态和地理因素可能具有保护作用,可在公共卫生信息中加以利用。我们的研究结果凸显了调整医疗服务和外联工作的重要性,以便有效地接触和支持弱势群体,最终达到降低 SR-STIs 发病率的目的。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemic preparedness and response capacity against infectious disease outbreaks in 186 countries, 2018-2022. 2018-2022 年 186 个国家对传染病爆发的防疫准备和应对能力。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10168-8
Paul Eze, Judith Chidumebi Idemili, Friday Onwubiko Nwoko, Nigel James, Lucky Osaheni Lawani

Objectives: Disruptive public health risks and events, including infectious disease outbreaks, are inevitable, but their effects can be mitigated by investing in prevention and preparedness. We assessed the epidemic preparedness and response capacities of health systems in 186 countries from 2018 to 2022.

Methods: We utilized data from the International Health Regulations (IHR) State Party Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR) submissions to assess health systems' IHR capacities to (1) prevent, (2) detect, (3) respond, (4) enable resources and coordinate, and (5) ensure operational readiness from 2018 to 2022. We categorized the IHR capacities into five levels, with level 1 denoting the lowest level of national capacity and level 5 the highest. We calculated each index's capacity level as the arithmetic mean of its related indicators and analyzed changes over time using the Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend test.

Results: SPAR reporting marginally improved from 92.9% (182 of 196 countries) in 2018 to 94.9% (186 of 196 countries) in 2022, with considerable improvement in all five capacity domains over this period: prevention (58.4 in 2018 to 66.5 in 2022), detection (74.7 to 78.3), response (56.5 to 67.8), enabling resources and coordination (63.0 to 68.3), and ensuring operational readiness (62.8 to 69.9). From the 2022 submissions, 116 (62%) countries reported functional (Level 4 or 5) prevention capacity, 162 (87%) had functional detection capacity, 118 (63%) had functional response capacity, 121 (65%) had functional enabling resources and coordination capacity, and 133 (72%) had functional operational readiness against public health events. Across all the indexes, the WHO African Region reported the fewest countries with functional capacity in these domains.

Conclusions: There was an overall increase in functional capacity across all five domains at both global and regional levels; and a high percentage of countries achieved functional capacity across all domains in 2022. However, a significant number of countries, particularly in the Global South, have yet to achieve functional competence in these capacities, leaving the world vulnerable to the persistent risk of epidemics and infectious biohazards. Strengthening IHR competencies through local, national, and global engagements must be urgently prioritized to achieve global health security against infectious diseases.

目标:包括传染病爆发在内的破坏性公共卫生风险和事件不可避免,但可以通过投资于预防和准备工作来减轻其影响。我们评估了 2018 年至 2022 年 186 个国家卫生系统的流行病防备和应对能力:我们利用《国际卫生条例》(IHR)缔约国自我评估年度报告(SPAR)提交的数据,评估了卫生系统从 2018 年到 2022 年在以下方面的国际卫生条例能力:(1)预防;(2)检测;(3)应对;(4)启用资源和协调;以及(5)确保业务准备就绪。我们将国际卫生与人权能力分为五个等级,第 1 级表示国家能力的最低水平,第 5 级表示最高水平。我们以相关指标的算术平均值来计算每个指标的能力水平,并使用 Mann-Kendall 非参数趋势检验来分析随时间的变化:SPAR报告略有改善,从2018年的92.9%(196个国家中的182个)增加到2022年的94.9%(196个国家中的186个),在此期间,所有五个能力领域都有显著改善:预防(从2018年的58.4增加到2022年的66.5)、检测(从74.7增加到78.3)、响应(从56.5增加到67.8)、启用资源和协调(从63.0增加到68.3)以及确保行动准备就绪(从62.8增加到69.9)。在 2022 年提交的报告中,116 个国家(62%)报告了实用的(4 级或 5 级)预防能力,162 个国家(87%)报告了实用的检测能力,118 个国家(63%)报告了实用的应对能力,121 个国家(65%)报告了实用的使能资源和协调能力,133 个国家(72%)报告了实用的应对公共卫生事件的行动准备状态。在所有指数中,世卫组织非洲区域报告在这些领域具备功能能力的国家最少:结论:在全球和地区层面,所有五个领域的功能能力总体上都有所提高;2022年,有很高比例的国家实现了所有领域的功能能力。然而,相当多的国家,尤其是全球南部国家,尚未在这些能力方面实现功能性能力,从而使世界易受流行病和传染性生物危害的持续风险的影响。必须紧急优先考虑通过地方、国家和全球参与加强国际卫生与人权能力,以实现全球卫生安全,抵御传染病。
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引用次数: 0
Model-inferred timing and infectious period of the chickenpox outbreak source. 模型推断的水痘爆发源时间和传染期。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10127-3
Chang-Wei Liang, Qiu-Ying Lv, Zhi-Gao Chen, Bin Xu, Ying-Si Lai, Zhen Zhang

Background: In May 2024, a chickenpox outbreak was reported at Xiasha Primary School located in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, China, with a total of 12 cases identified. Despite thorough on-site investigations, the source of infection remained undetected. The purpose of our study was to infer the timing and duration of the infectious period of the initial case using modeling techniques, thereby deducing the identity of the source.

Methods: We conducted an individual contact survey within the class affected by the epidemic and utilized an agent-based model (ABM) to estimate the key parameters related to the timing of the infectious source's emergence and the duration of its infectiousness. The point estimates derived from the ABM served as prior information for a subsequent Bayesian analysis, which in turn provided the posterior distribution for these parameters.

Results: Our models suggested the infection source entered the classroom around April 24th (95% credible interval: April 22nd to April 26th), with an infectious period of approximately two days. Based on these findings, we should aim to detect students who may have been absent due to atypical chickenpox symptoms during this period and closely examine teachers who were present for two consecutive days for any indication of potential infection.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of combining contact surveys with mathematical modeling for outbreak source tracing, offering a novel approach to supplement field epidemiological surveys.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

背景:2024 年 5 月,中国深圳市南山区下沙小学爆发水痘疫情,共发现 12 例病例。尽管进行了彻底的现场调查,但仍未发现传染源。我们的研究旨在利用建模技术推断最初病例的感染时间和持续时间,从而推断出传染源的身份:方法:我们在受疫情影响的人群中进行了个人接触调查,并利用基于代理的模型(ABM)估算了与传染源出现的时间及其传染性持续时间有关的关键参数。基于代理的模型得出的点估计值可作为后续贝叶斯分析的先验信息,进而为这些参数提供后验分布:我们的模型表明,传染源在 4 月 24 日左右进入教室(95% 可信区间:4 月 22 日至 4 月 26 日),传染期约为两天。基于这些发现,我们应致力于发现在此期间可能因非典型水痘症状而缺席的学生,并密切检查连续两天在场的教师是否有任何潜在感染迹象:本研究证明了将接触调查与数学模型相结合进行疫源追踪的有效性,为实地流行病学调查提供了一种新的补充方法:不适用。
{"title":"Model-inferred timing and infectious period of the chickenpox outbreak source.","authors":"Chang-Wei Liang, Qiu-Ying Lv, Zhi-Gao Chen, Bin Xu, Ying-Si Lai, Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10127-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10127-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In May 2024, a chickenpox outbreak was reported at Xiasha Primary School located in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, China, with a total of 12 cases identified. Despite thorough on-site investigations, the source of infection remained undetected. The purpose of our study was to infer the timing and duration of the infectious period of the initial case using modeling techniques, thereby deducing the identity of the source.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an individual contact survey within the class affected by the epidemic and utilized an agent-based model (ABM) to estimate the key parameters related to the timing of the infectious source's emergence and the duration of its infectiousness. The point estimates derived from the ABM served as prior information for a subsequent Bayesian analysis, which in turn provided the posterior distribution for these parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our models suggested the infection source entered the classroom around April 24th (95% credible interval: April 22nd to April 26th), with an infectious period of approximately two days. Based on these findings, we should aim to detect students who may have been absent due to atypical chickenpox symptoms during this period and closely examine teachers who were present for two consecutive days for any indication of potential infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the efficacy of combining contact surveys with mathematical modeling for outbreak source tracing, offering a novel approach to supplement field epidemiological surveys.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":"1257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of the novel antifungal drug olorofim (F901318). 新型抗真菌药物 Olorofim (F901318) 综述。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10143-3
Yuri Vanbiervliet, Tine Van Nieuwenhuyse, Robina Aerts, Katrien Lagrou, Isabel Spriet, Johan Maertens

There is clearly a need for novel antifungal agents, not only concerning spectrum, but also oral bioavailability, tolerability, and drug-drug interactions. There is growing concern for antifungal resistance for current available antifungals, mainly driven by environmental fungicide use or long-term exposure to antifungals, in the setting of mould-active prophylaxis or for chronic antifungal infections, such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, the incidence of breakthrough infections is increasing, because of the introduction of (mould-active) prophylaxis (1-4). There is emergence of difficult to treat invasive fungal infections, such as those caused by Lomentospora prolificans, cryptic species of Aspergillus, Scedosporium and Coccidioides. Olorofim (F901318) is the first-in class of the orotomides, a novel antifungal class targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines. Olorofim shows good in vitro and in vivo activity against Aspergillus species, rare and difficult to treat moulds and endemic dimorphic fungi, including azole- and amphotericin-resistant isolates. It lacks activity against yeasts and the Mucorales species. It is only orally available and shows very promising results in ongoing clinical trials. In this review we will describe the mechanism of action of olorofim, the spectrum of activity in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, resistance, and clinical outcomes.

显然,我们需要新型的抗真菌药物,不仅要考虑药效谱,还要考虑口服生物利用度、耐受性和药物间的相互作用。在霉菌活性预防或慢性抗真菌感染(如慢性肺曲霉菌病)的情况下,人们越来越担心现有抗真菌药物的抗真菌耐药性,这主要是由于环境中使用杀真菌剂或长期接触抗真菌药物造成的。此外,由于采用了(霉菌活性)预防措施,突破性感染的发病率也在增加(1-4)。出现了难以治疗的侵袭性真菌感染,例如由多孔菌、曲霉的隐蔽菌种、球孢子菌和球孢子菌引起的感染。Olorofim(F901318)是第一类奥罗多姆类药物,是一种新型抗真菌药物,靶向嘧啶生物合成过程中的关键酶--二氢烟酸脱氢酶(DHODH)。Olorofim 对曲霉菌、罕见的难治霉菌和地方性二形真菌(包括对唑类和两性霉素耐药的分离菌)具有良好的体外和体内活性。它对酵母菌和粘菌缺乏活性。该药目前只能口服,在正在进行的临床试验中显示出很好的效果。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍奥罗芬的作用机制、体外和体内活性谱、药代动力学、药效学、药物间相互作用、耐药性和临床结果。
{"title":"Review of the novel antifungal drug olorofim (F901318).","authors":"Yuri Vanbiervliet, Tine Van Nieuwenhuyse, Robina Aerts, Katrien Lagrou, Isabel Spriet, Johan Maertens","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is clearly a need for novel antifungal agents, not only concerning spectrum, but also oral bioavailability, tolerability, and drug-drug interactions. There is growing concern for antifungal resistance for current available antifungals, mainly driven by environmental fungicide use or long-term exposure to antifungals, in the setting of mould-active prophylaxis or for chronic antifungal infections, such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, the incidence of breakthrough infections is increasing, because of the introduction of (mould-active) prophylaxis (1-4). There is emergence of difficult to treat invasive fungal infections, such as those caused by Lomentospora prolificans, cryptic species of Aspergillus, Scedosporium and Coccidioides. Olorofim (F901318) is the first-in class of the orotomides, a novel antifungal class targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines. Olorofim shows good in vitro and in vivo activity against Aspergillus species, rare and difficult to treat moulds and endemic dimorphic fungi, including azole- and amphotericin-resistant isolates. It lacks activity against yeasts and the Mucorales species. It is only orally available and shows very promising results in ongoing clinical trials. In this review we will describe the mechanism of action of olorofim, the spectrum of activity in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, resistance, and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":"1256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of the great Kermanshah earthquake on the tuberculosis infection trend: interrupted time series analysis. 克尔曼沙赫大地震对结核病感染趋势的影响:间断时间序列分析。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09832-w
Ehsan Mardani-Talaee, Yahya Salimi, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Mitra Darbandi, Gholamreza Abdoli

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a substantial danger to populations experiencing crises like earthquakes. This study aims to explore the effect of the Kermanshah earthquake on the trend of TB.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined tuberculosis data from 2009 to 2020, using monthly diagnoses. Data was collected from the TB research office and registration system. The study employed interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess both the immediate and long-term impacts of the earthquake on TB cases.

Results: In Sarpol-e Zahab, TB cases initially surged after the earthquake, indicating an immediate effect, but then significantly declined compared to pre-earthquake levels, reflecting an effect over time (β0 = 1.39, β1=-0.004, β2 = 0.11 and β3=-0.01, P = 0.001 and Post-intervention linear trend= -0.015, P < 0.001). In Ghasr-e Shirin, the average number of TB cases prior to the earthquake was estimated at 0.58 cases, with a significant monthly decrease of 0.005 cases leading up to the earthquake (P = 0.001). There was no significant immediate change in TB cases during the first month after the earthquake (β2 = 0.008, P = 0.680). Post-earthquake, TB cases dramatically increased (β3 = 0.008, P = 0.001). The monthly trend of TB cases rose significantly by 0.002 (P = 0.001), indicating an effect over time. In Salas-e Babajani, there was no immediate change in TB cases, but there was a significant long-term decline compared to the period before the earthquake (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Earthquake is one of the natural crises that provide the conditions for the increase of TB. Local health policymakers must make plans in these areas to contain TB after the earthquake.

目标:结核病(TB)对经历地震等危机的人群构成了极大的威胁。本研究旨在探讨克尔曼沙阿地震对结核病趋势的影响:这项横断面研究使用每月诊断数据对 2009 年至 2020 年的结核病数据进行了研究。数据收集自结核病研究办公室和登记系统。研究采用间断时间序列(ITS)分析法评估地震对肺结核病例的直接和长期影响:在萨尔波勒扎哈布(Sarpol-e Zahab),肺结核病例在震后初期激增,表明地震产生了直接影响,但随后与震前水平相比显著下降,反映出地震随时间推移产生了影响(β0=1.39,β1=-0.004,β2=0.11,β3=-0.01,P=0.001,干预后线性趋势=-0.015,P 2=0.008,P=0.680)。地震后,肺结核病例急剧增加(β3 = 0.008,P = 0.001)。肺结核病例的月度趋势显著上升了 0.002(P = 0.001),表明随着时间的推移会产生影响。在 Salas-e Babajani,肺结核病例没有立即发生变化,但与地震前相比,长期病例明显减少(P = 0.001):结论:地震是为结核病增加提供条件的自然危机之一。结论:地震是自然危机之一,为结核病的增加提供了条件,地方卫生决策者必须在这些地区制定计划,在震后控制结核病。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic performance of Typhidot RDT in diagnosis of typhoid fever and antibiotic resistance characterisation in a cross-sectional study in Southern Ghana. 在加纳南部进行的一项横断面研究中,Typhidot RDT 在伤寒诊断中的诊断性能和抗生素耐药性特征。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10160-2
Emmanuel Kweku Sam, Johnson Alagbo, Avis Asamoah, Felix Ansah, Kwesi Zandoh Tandoh, Lucas N Amenga-Etego, Samuel Duodu

Background: Typhoid fever remains a significant public health problem contributing to significant misapplication of antibiotics in Ghana. However, there is little data on the accuracy of the commonly used serology based rapid diagnostic Typhidot test kit (Typhidot RDT) for confirming typhoid fever.

Methods: We conducted a study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Typhidot RDT in seven clinical facilities across five regions in Southern Ghana. A total of 258 participants, clinically diagnosed with typhoid fever, were enrolled in this study. Blood and stool samples were obtained for culture, Typhidot and PCR assays. Disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity was performed to determine the resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica isolates from positive blood and stool cultures.

Results: Recovery of S. enterica isolates was higher from stool samples (14.7%) in comparison to blood samples (1.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot compared to blood and stool cultures was 35% (19.94%-52.65%) and 45% (38.67%-51.45%), respectively. Compared to PCR, the Typhidot had a sensitivity and a specificity of 61% and 53%, respectively. Resistance phenotyping of isolates showed broad sensitivity to the front-line antibiotics used. Resistance to ampicillin (10%), cotrimoxazole (7%), azithromycin and ciprofloxacin (< 5%) was found in some isolates.

Conclusions: These findings suggest sub-optimal performance of the Typhidot RDT for diagnosis of typhoid in Ghana with a higher chance for misdiagnosis and misapplication of antibiotics. The high proportion of isolates recovered from stool culture is consistent with the pathophysiology of bacterial shedding during the acute phase of infection, which provides a window of opportunity to control typhoid transmission.

背景:在加纳,伤寒仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题,导致大量抗生素被滥用。然而,关于常用的基于血清学的伤寒快速诊断试剂盒(Typhidot RDT)确诊伤寒的准确性数据却很少:我们在加纳南部五个地区的七个临床机构开展了一项研究,以评估typhidot RDT的诊断准确性。共有 258 名临床诊断为伤寒的患者参与了这项研究。研究人员采集了血液和粪便样本进行培养、Typhidot和PCR检测。为确定从阳性血液和粪便培养物中分离出的肠炎沙门氏菌的耐药性模式,进行了抗生素敏感性盘扩散试验:结果:与血液样本(1.6%)相比,粪便样本(14.7%)的肠炎沙门氏菌分离率更高。与血液和粪便培养物相比,typhidot 的敏感性和特异性分别为 35% (19.94%-52.65%) 和 45% (38.67%-51.45%)。与 PCR 相比,Typhidot 的敏感性和特异性分别为 61% 和 53%。分离菌株的耐药性表型分析表明,它们对所用的一线抗生素具有广泛的敏感性。对氨苄西林(10%)、复方新诺明(7%)、阿奇霉素和环丙沙星(结论:氨苄西林、复方新诺明、阿奇霉素和环丙沙星均有耐药性:这些发现表明,在加纳,Typhidot RDT 诊断伤寒的效果并不理想,误诊和误用抗生素的几率较高。从粪便培养中分离出的高比例分离物与感染急性期细菌脱落的病理生理学相一致,这为控制伤寒传播提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple skin abscesses due to Nocardia neocaledoniensis: a case report and literature review. 新卡德氏诺卡多尼菌引起的多发性皮肤脓肿:病例报告和文献综述。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10177-7
Jun Wang, Taigui Chen, Shijie Peng, Lianbao Li, Liling Wang, Jun Li, Wei He

N. neocaledoniensis is a very rare infectious pathogen that causes human disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In this case report, we describe the successful diagnosis of N. neocaledoniensis in a patient confirmed by mNGS and the treatment of multiple skin abscesses due to N. neocaledoniensis infection. mNGS is an important diagnostic method complementary to routine bacterial culture and identification methods, especially for rare, novel, co-infected pathogens, and pathogens that are difficult to culture. This report may provide a reference for the clinical treatment and diagnosis of N. neocaledoniensis infection in humans.

N. neocaledoniensis 是一种非常罕见的传染性病原体,可导致人类疾病,尤其是免疫力低下者。在本病例报告中,我们描述了通过 mNGS 成功确诊一名患者感染了 N. neocaledoniensis,并治疗了 N. neocaledoniensis 感染引起的多处皮肤脓肿。mNGS 是一种重要的诊断方法,可作为常规细菌培养和鉴定方法的补充,尤其适用于罕见、新型、合并感染的病原体以及难以培养的病原体。本报告可为人类 N. neocaledoniensis 感染的临床治疗和诊断提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Severe herpes simplex virus - 1 Kaposi varicelliform eruption and SARS-CoV-2 infection in atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab. 使用杜必鲁单抗治疗特应性皮炎时出现的严重单纯疱疹病毒-1 Kaposi变异疱疹和SARS-CoV-2感染。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10080-1
Jiale Zhong, Yujuan Xiao, Yi Liu

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a rare and severe cutaneous manifestation, clinically characterized by the presence of widespread vesicles and pustules. A case report details a patient with a history of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed a severe KVE subsequent to the viral illness. The patient, a 35-year-old male, presented with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) subsequent to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a period of four months, the dermatological eruption underwent a rapid progression to a severe state, characterised by the presence of extensive vesicles and pustules, in addition to the emergence of symptoms. In conjunction with a chest CT scan, plasma and antigen testing, the patient was confirmed to be positive for HSV-1 positive. The patient exhibited elevated levels of IgE and a notable reduction in the absolute number of immune cells. The patient was treated with valaciclovir, piperacillin-tazobactam, IVIG at the same time. Within seven days of treatment, the blisters had dried up and the scabs had fallen off without any pain, pruritus, or fever. This case highlights the potential for severe viral eruptions, such as KVE in individuals with underlying dermatological conditions following viral infections.

单纯疱疹病毒-1(HSV-1)卡波西静脉曲张样溃疡(KVE)是一种罕见的严重皮肤病,临床特征是出现广泛的水泡和脓疱。一份病例报告详细描述了一名曾患特应性皮炎(AD)和近期感染过 SARS-CoV-2 的患者,在病毒性疾病后出现了严重的 KVE。患者是一名 35 岁的男性,在感染 SARS-CoV-2 后出现了严重的特应性皮炎(AD)。在四个月的时间里,皮肤病迅速发展为重症,除出现症状外,还伴有广泛的水疱和脓疱。结合胸部 CT 扫描、血浆和抗原检测,证实患者的 HSV-1 阳性。患者的 IgE 水平升高,免疫细胞绝对数量明显减少。患者同时接受了伐昔洛韦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和 IVIG 治疗。治疗七天内,水疱干涸,痂皮脱落,无任何疼痛、瘙痒或发热。本病例强调了在病毒感染后,有潜在皮肤病的患者可能会出现严重的病毒性溃疡,如 KVE。
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引用次数: 0
Prolonged outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment: frequency and evolution over a six-year period in a Swiss University Hospital. 长期门诊肠外抗菌治疗:瑞士一所大学医院六年来的频率和演变。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10170-0
Munting A, Damas J, Arensdorff L, Cavassini M, de Vallière S

Background: Emerging research indicates the potential for early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy in certain infections. This trend may have implications for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programs, as the demand for prolonged intravenous treatment could decrease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and evolution of OPAT courses of ≥ 14 days over the years and determine the medical justification for those prolonged treatments.

Methods: All patients treated intravenously for ≥ 14 days by the OPAT program at Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, between 2017 and 2022 were included in the study. Data were extracted from a prospectively established OPAT database. Prevalence of prolonged antibiotic treatment and its clinical and microbiological information were identified.

Results: During the study period, a total of 2,448 treatment courses were administered: 1,636 intravenous (IV) and 812 oral treatments. Of the IV treatments courses, 749 (36%) were of a duration of ≥ 14 days, without discernible trend over the 6-year study period. The most common type of infections needing prolonged treatment were bone and joint infections (31%), endovascular infections (18%), complicated intra-abdominal infections (15%), and urinary tract infections (11%), with only minor fluctuations in these proportions during the study period. Finally, the use of second-line antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and vancomycin) did not increase over the years, suggesting that prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy is not linked to an increase of anti-microbial resistance in our cohort.

Conclusions: Despite the general trend towards shorter intravenous treatment courses in infectious diseases, our OPAT unit did not observe a decline in the use of prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy between 2017 and 2022, suggesting that OPAT units will probably not see a decrease in their activities in the near future.

背景:新近的研究表明,在某些感染病例中,静脉注射抗菌治疗有可能提前过渡到口服抗菌治疗。这一趋势可能会对门诊肠外抗生素治疗(OPAT)计划产生影响,因为对长期静脉治疗的需求可能会减少。本研究旨在评估多年来 OPAT 疗程超过 14 天的频率和演变情况,并确定延长疗程的医学理由:研究纳入了2017年至2022年期间瑞士洛桑大学医院OPAT项目静脉治疗≥14天的所有患者。数据摘自前瞻性建立的 OPAT 数据库。研究确定了长期抗生素治疗的发生率及其临床和微生物学信息:在研究期间,共进行了 2448 个疗程的治疗:1636 个静脉注射疗程和 812 个口服疗程。在静脉注射治疗疗程中,749 个疗程(36%)的持续时间超过 14 天,在 6 年的研究期间没有明显的趋势。需要长期治疗的最常见感染类型为骨关节感染(31%)、血管内感染(18%)、复杂性腹腔内感染(15%)和尿路感染(11%),这些比例在研究期间仅有轻微波动。最后,二线抗生素(哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、碳青霉烯类和万古霉素)的使用量并未逐年增加,这表明在我们的队列中,长时间的静脉注射抗生素治疗与抗微生物耐药性的增加无关:尽管感染性疾病的静脉治疗疗程普遍呈缩短趋势,但我们的 OPAT 单位在 2017 年至 2022 年期间并未观察到长时间静脉注射抗生素治疗的使用率下降,这表明 OPAT 单位的活动在不久的将来可能不会减少。
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引用次数: 0
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BMC Infectious Diseases
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