Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2021.303
Julia Shumilina, D. Gorbach, Veronika Popova, A. Tsarev, Alena Kuznetsova, Maria Grashina, M. Dorn, E. Lukasheva, N. Osmolovskaya, E. Romanovskaya, V. Zhukov, C. Ihling, T. Grishina, T. Bilova, A. Frolov
Because of ongoing climate change, drought is becoming the major factor limiting productivity of all plants, including legumes. As these protein-rich crops form symbiotic associations with rhizobial bacteria — root nodules — they readily lose their productivity under drought conditions. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms might give access to new strategies to preserve the productivity of legume crops under dehydration. As was shown recently, development of drought response is accompanied by alterations in the patterns of protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that might be a part of unknown regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, here we address the effects of moderate drought on protein dynamics and AGE patterns in pea (Pisum sativum) root nodules. For this, plants inoculated with rhizobial culture were subjected to osmotic stress for one week, harvested, the total protein fraction was isolated from root nodules by phenol extraction, analyzed by bottom-up LC-MS-based proteomics, and AGE patterns were characterized. Surprisingly, despite the clear drought-related changes in phenotype and stomatal conductivity, only minimal accompanying expressional changes (14 rhizobial and 14 pea proteins, mostly involved in central metabolism and nitrogen fixation) could be observed. However, 71 pea and 97 rhizobial proteins (mostly transcription factors, ABC transporters and effector enzymes) were glycated, with carboxymethylation being the major modification type. Thereby, the numbers of glycated sites in nodule proteins dramatically decreased upon stress application. It might indicate an impact of glycation in regulation of transport, protein degradation, central, lipid and nitrogen metabolism. The data are available at Proteome Xchange (accession: PXD024042).
{"title":"Protein glycation and drought response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodule proteome: a proteomics approach","authors":"Julia Shumilina, D. Gorbach, Veronika Popova, A. Tsarev, Alena Kuznetsova, Maria Grashina, M. Dorn, E. Lukasheva, N. Osmolovskaya, E. Romanovskaya, V. Zhukov, C. Ihling, T. Grishina, T. Bilova, A. Frolov","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2021.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2021.303","url":null,"abstract":"Because of ongoing climate change, drought is becoming the major factor limiting productivity of all plants, including legumes. As these protein-rich crops form symbiotic associations with rhizobial bacteria — root nodules — they readily lose their productivity under drought conditions. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms might give access to new strategies to preserve the productivity of legume crops under dehydration. As was shown recently, development of drought response is accompanied by alterations in the patterns of protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that might be a part of unknown regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, here we address the effects of moderate drought on protein dynamics and AGE patterns in pea (Pisum sativum) root nodules. For this, plants inoculated with rhizobial culture were subjected to osmotic stress for one week, harvested, the total protein fraction was isolated from root nodules by phenol extraction, analyzed by bottom-up LC-MS-based proteomics, and AGE patterns were characterized. Surprisingly, despite the clear drought-related changes in phenotype and stomatal conductivity, only minimal accompanying expressional changes (14 rhizobial and 14 pea proteins, mostly involved in central metabolism and nitrogen fixation) could be observed. However, 71 pea and 97 rhizobial proteins (mostly transcription factors, ABC transporters and effector enzymes) were glycated, with carboxymethylation being the major modification type. Thereby, the numbers of glycated sites in nodule proteins dramatically decreased upon stress application. It might indicate an impact of glycation in regulation of transport, protein degradation, central, lipid and nitrogen metabolism. The data are available at Proteome Xchange (accession: PXD024042).","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44742451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2021.306
A. Saranchina, P. Drozdova, A. Mutin, M. Timofeyev
Proper diet is critical for laboratory-reared animals, as it may affect not only their welfare, but also experimental results. Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) play important roles in ecosystems and are often used in environmental research. Endemic amphipods from the ancient Lake Baikal are promising for laboratory bioassays; however, there are currently no laboratory cultures. In this work, we determine how different diets affect the color and metabolism of a laboratory-reared Baikal amphipod, Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We found that in freshly collected blue-colored animals, body color correlated with total carotenoid content. Total carotenoid levels did not differ after long-term (two months) feeding with a close to natural carotenoid-enriched, or even a carotenoid-depleted diet. Nevertheless, antennae color was closer to red in the natural-like diet group. It is likely that the carotenoids from the commercial diet are not properly metabolized in E. cyaneus. The animals fed commercial diets had a higher glycogen content, which may signify a higher metabolic rate. Overall, we show that a carotenoid-enriched diet optimized for decapods is not optimal for amphipods, likely due to different carotenoid compositions, and the diet for long-term rearing of E. cyaneus and other Baikal amphipods requires supplementation.
{"title":"Diet affects body color and energy metabolism in the Baikal endemic amphipod Eulimnogammarus cyaneus maintained in laboratory conditions","authors":"A. Saranchina, P. Drozdova, A. Mutin, M. Timofeyev","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2021.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2021.306","url":null,"abstract":"Proper diet is critical for laboratory-reared animals, as it may affect not only their welfare, but also experimental results. Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) play important roles in ecosystems and are often used in environmental research. Endemic amphipods from the ancient Lake Baikal are promising for laboratory bioassays; however, there are currently no laboratory cultures. In this work, we determine how different diets affect the color and metabolism of a laboratory-reared Baikal amphipod, Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We found that in freshly collected blue-colored animals, body color correlated with total carotenoid content. Total carotenoid levels did not differ after long-term (two months) feeding with a close to natural carotenoid-enriched, or even a carotenoid-depleted diet. Nevertheless, antennae color was closer to red in the natural-like diet group. It is likely that the carotenoids from the commercial diet are not properly metabolized in E. cyaneus. The animals fed commercial diets had a higher glycogen content, which may signify a higher metabolic rate. Overall, we show that a carotenoid-enriched diet optimized for decapods is not optimal for amphipods, likely due to different carotenoid compositions, and the diet for long-term rearing of E. cyaneus and other Baikal amphipods requires supplementation.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44403588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2021.305
R. E. Blanco, Daniel Eduardo Luzardo-Vera
Leopards have been observed to ambush prey by jumping down on it from trees. There are both anecdotal reports and video recordings of this hunting behavior. Here we conducted a biomechanical analysis of this technique to assess the degree of risk for the predator in such cases. We concluded that the risk of suffering severe injuries seems to be too high for this technique to be a usual way of predation on horned mammals such as male impalas. Our results can be useful in discussing proposed paleobiological hunting scenarios and living predators’ strategies of managing risks.
{"title":"A biomechanical model to assess the injury risk of leopards (Panthera pardus) hunting by free falling from trees","authors":"R. E. Blanco, Daniel Eduardo Luzardo-Vera","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2021.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2021.305","url":null,"abstract":"Leopards have been observed to ambush prey by jumping down on it from trees. There are both anecdotal reports and video recordings of this hunting behavior. Here we conducted a biomechanical analysis of this technique to assess the degree of risk for the predator in such cases. We concluded that the risk of suffering severe injuries seems to be too high for this technique to be a usual way of predation on horned mammals such as male impalas. Our results can be useful in discussing proposed paleobiological hunting scenarios and living predators’ strategies of managing risks.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2021.304
I. Baishnikova, T. Ilyina, V. Ilyukha, K. Tirronen
Vitamins A and E are known as nutrients involved in metabolic processes and facilitating the adaptation of animals. The metabolism of these vitamins is closely related to lipid metabolism, which has seasonal variations in animals inhabiting northern latitudes. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the cold season (October to February) in tissues of Canidae species that have different ecological characteristics: the blue fox (Vulpes syn. Alopex lagopus), silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), their interspecific hybrids (Vulpes×Vulpes), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and grey wolf (Canis lupus). In addition, age-related differences in the levels of these vitamins were determined. Results showed the distribution of retinol and α-tocopherol in the body of the canids was similar, with larger amounts being found in the liver and kidney cortex, which play a regulatory role in the metabolism of these nutrients. The higher retinol level in the liver of wolves and interspecific hybrids of blue fox and silver fox, as compared to the retinol level in the liver of other species, might be species-specific and could also be attributed to dietary differences. The blue fox and raccoon dog both have a higher capacity for α-tocopherol accumulation in the cold season, apparently due to their ability to store substantial fat reserves. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were generally higher in the tissues of mature animals.
{"title":"Species- and age-dependent distribution of retinol and α-tocopherol in the Canidae family during the cold season","authors":"I. Baishnikova, T. Ilyina, V. Ilyukha, K. Tirronen","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2021.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2021.304","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamins A and E are known as nutrients involved in metabolic processes and facilitating the adaptation of animals. The metabolism of these vitamins is closely related to lipid metabolism, which has seasonal variations in animals inhabiting northern latitudes. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the cold season (October to February) in tissues of Canidae species that have different ecological characteristics: the blue fox (Vulpes syn. Alopex lagopus), silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), their interspecific hybrids (Vulpes×Vulpes), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and grey wolf (Canis lupus). In addition, age-related differences in the levels of these vitamins were determined. Results showed the distribution of retinol and α-tocopherol in the body of the canids was similar, with larger amounts being found in the liver and kidney cortex, which play a regulatory role in the metabolism of these nutrients. The higher retinol level in the liver of wolves and interspecific hybrids of blue fox and silver fox, as compared to the retinol level in the liver of other species, might be species-specific and could also be attributed to dietary differences. The blue fox and raccoon dog both have a higher capacity for α-tocopherol accumulation in the cold season, apparently due to their ability to store substantial fat reserves. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were generally higher in the tissues of mature animals.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21638/SPBU03.2021.106
L. Cangioli, A. Checcucci, A. Mengoni, C. Fagorzi
Mutualistic interactions have great importance in ecology, with genetic information that takes shape through interactions within the symbiotic partners and between the partners and the environment. It is known that variation of the host-associated microbiome contributes to buffer adaptation challenges of the host’s physiology when facing varying environmental conditions. In agriculture, pivotal examples are symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, known to contribute greatly to host (legume plants) adaptation and host productivity. A holistic view of increasing crop yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is that of microbiome engineering, the exploitation of a host-associated microbiome through its rationally designed manipulation with synthetic microbial communities. However, several studies highlighted that the expression of the desired phenotype in the host resides in species-specific, even genotype-specific interactions between the symbiotic partners. Consequently, there is a need to dissect such an intimate level of interaction, aiming to identify the main genetic components in both partners playing a role in symbiotic differences/host preferences. In the present paper, while briefly reviewing the knowledge and the challenges in plant–microbe interaction and rhizobial studies, we aim to promote research on genotype x genotype interaction between rhizobia and host plants for a rational design of synthetic symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial communities to be used for sustainably improving leguminous plants yield.
{"title":"Legume tasters: symbiotic rhizobia host preference and smart inoculant formulations","authors":"L. Cangioli, A. Checcucci, A. Mengoni, C. Fagorzi","doi":"10.21638/SPBU03.2021.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU03.2021.106","url":null,"abstract":"Mutualistic interactions have great importance in ecology, with genetic information that takes shape through interactions within the symbiotic partners and between the partners and the environment. It is known that variation of the host-associated microbiome contributes to buffer adaptation challenges of the host’s physiology when facing varying environmental conditions. In agriculture, pivotal examples are symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, known to contribute greatly to host (legume plants) adaptation and host productivity. A holistic view of increasing crop yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is that of microbiome engineering, the exploitation of a host-associated microbiome through its rationally designed manipulation with synthetic microbial communities. However, several studies highlighted that the expression of the desired phenotype in the host resides in species-specific, even genotype-specific interactions between the symbiotic partners. Consequently, there is a need to dissect such an intimate level of interaction, aiming to identify the main genetic components in both partners playing a role in symbiotic differences/host preferences. In the present paper, while briefly reviewing the knowledge and the challenges in plant–microbe interaction and rhizobial studies, we aim to promote research on genotype x genotype interaction between rhizobia and host plants for a rational design of synthetic symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial communities to be used for sustainably improving leguminous plants yield.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47359353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.21638/SPBU03.2021.104
E. Gultyaeva, M. Levitin, E. Shaydayuk
The article analyzes our own data and data from the literature on the study of plant–pathogen interactions in the pathosystem of Puccinia triticina and host plants of the genera Triticum and Aegilops with different ploidy and genomes. We characterize the long-term variability of the Russian populations of the pathogen, caused by the cultivation of genetically protected cultivars of common wheat (T. aestivum). Differences of the pathogen’s virulence on hexaploid species T. aestivum and tetraploid wheat (T. durum) are shown. Data on the pathogen’s virulence on other hexaploid, tetraploid, and diploid relative species Triticum sp. and Aegilops sp. are presented. Adaptation and specificity to the host plant were shown as the key driving factors in the evolution and divergence of clonally propagating phytopathogens, which include leaf rust.
{"title":"Variability of the Russian populations of Puccinia triticina under the influence of the host plant","authors":"E. Gultyaeva, M. Levitin, E. Shaydayuk","doi":"10.21638/SPBU03.2021.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU03.2021.104","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes our own data and data from the literature on the study of plant–pathogen interactions in the pathosystem of Puccinia triticina and host plants of the genera Triticum and Aegilops with different ploidy and genomes. We characterize the long-term variability of the Russian populations of the pathogen, caused by the cultivation of genetically protected cultivars of common wheat (T. aestivum). Differences of the pathogen’s virulence on hexaploid species T. aestivum and tetraploid wheat (T. durum) are shown. Data on the pathogen’s virulence on other hexaploid, tetraploid, and diploid relative species Triticum sp. and Aegilops sp. are presented. Adaptation and specificity to the host plant were shown as the key driving factors in the evolution and divergence of clonally propagating phytopathogens, which include leaf rust.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2020.404
Ekaterina Chilakhsaeva
Some biological traits of Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), a parasitoid of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), were studied both in forests of Moscow Region, Russia, and under laboratory conditions. Females of R. tutela have mature eggs after overwintering and thus do not need additional feeding to lay eggs. Under laboratory conditions at 8 °C, the life expectancy of males is 58±44 days and that of females is 36±45 days. An increase of temperature shortens the developmental period of R. tutela, which can proceed without diapause. The duration of one generation in the laboratory at 22–24 °C is 14–16 days. In spruce forests of Moscow Region, R. tutela has two or three generations per year.
{"title":"Some biological traits of the parasitoid wasp Rhopalicus tutela (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in spruce forests of Moscow Region, Russia","authors":"Ekaterina Chilakhsaeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2020.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2020.404","url":null,"abstract":"Some biological traits of Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), a parasitoid of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), were studied both in forests of Moscow Region, Russia, and under laboratory conditions. Females of R. tutela have mature eggs after overwintering and thus do not need additional feeding to lay eggs. Under laboratory conditions at 8 °C, the life expectancy of males is 58±44 days and that of females is 36±45 days. An increase of temperature shortens the developmental period of R. tutela, which can proceed without diapause. The duration of one generation in the laboratory at 22–24 °C is 14–16 days. In spruce forests of Moscow Region, R. tutela has two or three generations per year.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2020.402
Z. Ozherelieva, P. Prudnikov, M. Zubkova
As a result of the experiment, it was found that an increase in bound water and a decrease in free water in the leaves in the autumn are characteristic of strawberry plants against the background of a decrease in the level of total water content. The maximum ratio of bound water to free water based on the accumulation of sucrose and the amino acid proline was established in such varieties as ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Sara’ and ‘Korona’. A high level of correlation was noted between the minimum air temperature and physiological and biochemical indicators of the formation of frost resistance of strawberries. A high correlation was established between the degree of freezing tolerance of strawberry plants and the fractional composition of water at the beginning of winter. In the early winter, the frost-resistant strawberry varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Korona’ and ‘Sara’ were characterized. The ability to stably maintain frost resistance during the winter thaw was shown by the varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’. As a result of the studies, frost-resistant strawberry varieties — ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’ — were isolated.
{"title":"Estimation of the frost resistance of the strawberry","authors":"Z. Ozherelieva, P. Prudnikov, M. Zubkova","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2020.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2020.402","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the experiment, it was found that an increase in bound water and a decrease in free water in the leaves in the autumn are characteristic of strawberry plants against the background of a decrease in the level of total water content. The maximum ratio of bound water to free water based on the accumulation of sucrose and the amino acid proline was established in such varieties as ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Sara’ and ‘Korona’. A high level of correlation was noted between the minimum air temperature and physiological and biochemical indicators of the formation of frost resistance of strawberries. A high correlation was established between the degree of freezing tolerance of strawberry plants and the fractional composition of water at the beginning of winter. In the early winter, the frost-resistant strawberry varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Korona’ and ‘Sara’ were characterized. The ability to stably maintain frost resistance during the winter thaw was shown by the varieties ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’. As a result of the studies, frost-resistant strawberry varieties — ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tsaritsa’ and ‘Korona’ — were isolated.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2020.406
I. Rudneva
Coastal marine waters are known as spawning sites of fish and invertebrate, which are highly sensitive to crude oil and its derivates in their early developmental stages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mazut at concentrations of 0.00001, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 ml/l on antioxidant enzyme activities in developmental embryos (stage V) of the Black Sea blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus. The biomarkers of oxidative stress — namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and glutathione reductase (GR) — were investigated. This revealed a non-uniform impact of mazut concentration on fish embryos. The correlations between enzyme activities and mazut concentrations were non-linear, and tested antioxidants fluctuated independently from one another. The obtained results can be applied to the development of oil toxicity tests for assessment of water quality and in conservation biology.
{"title":"Toxic effects of mazut on early developmental stages of blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus","authors":"I. Rudneva","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2020.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2020.406","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal marine waters are known as spawning sites of fish and invertebrate, which are highly sensitive to crude oil and its derivates in their early developmental stages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mazut at concentrations of 0.00001, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 ml/l on antioxidant enzyme activities in developmental embryos (stage V) of the Black Sea blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus. The biomarkers of oxidative stress — namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and glutathione reductase (GR) — were investigated. This revealed a non-uniform impact of mazut concentration on fish embryos. The correlations between enzyme activities and mazut concentrations were non-linear, and tested antioxidants fluctuated independently from one another. The obtained results can be applied to the development of oil toxicity tests for assessment of water quality and in conservation biology.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2020.401
A. Belimov, A. Shaposhnikov, V. Safronova, Y. Gogolev
Rhizosphere bacteria are capable of utilizing various phytohormones (particularly auxins) as nutrients and thereby affect plant growth, nutrition and interactions with symbiotic microorganisms. Here, for the first time we evaluated the effects of rhizosphere bacteria Novosphingobium sp. P6W and Rhodococcus sp. P1Y capable of utilizing abscisic acid (ABA) on growth and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of pea (Pisum sativum L.) line SGE and its Cd-insensitive mutant SGECdt using hydroponic culture. The plants were co-inoculated with the ABA-utilizing bacteria and nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1066. Treatment with cadmium (Cd) was applied as an inducer of ABA biosynthesis in plants. In the presence of only nodule bacteria, Cd significantly inhibited the growth of roots and shoots and also decreased the nodule number and nitrogen-fixing activity in SGE peas, but not in the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation with ABA-utilizing bacteria also inhibited biomass production, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation of Cd-untreated SGE plants. This negative effect of bacteria on the SGECdt mutant was less pronounced. Contrary to this, ABA-utilizing bacteria had no effect on SGE plants treated with Cd, but decreased shoot biomass and nitrogen-fixing activity of the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation with ABA-utilizing bacteria had no effect on shoot Cd and nutrient content of both pea genotypes, suggesting that bacterial effects on plants were not associated with the plant nutrient status. We propose that the bacteria counteracted the increased ABA concentrations in SGE roots caused by Cd due to utilization of this phytohormone. However, opposite processes aimed at inhibiting and stimulating growth and legume–rhizobia symbiosis can be caused by the ABA-utilizing bacteria.
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