Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.404
A. Glotov, Y. Nasykhova, N. Dvoynova, A. Mikhailova, O. Pachulia, Maria Danilova, Z. Tonyan, Y. Barbitoff, R. Illarionov, O. Bespalova, V. Baranov, I. Kogan
Currently, one of the most promising areas of medicine is the development and implementation of new biomedical technologies in the field of human reproduction with the involvement of resources of biobanks and biocollections as well as modern genetic technologies. In this review, we considered the key dimensions of personalized medicine, such as biobanking and genomic medicine. We illustrated crucial aspects in the organization of human bioresource collections and the difficulties arising in the interaction of specialists in the field of biobanking. Problems in obtaining informed consent and collecting personal data are described. Furthermore, the need for creating and developing complex information systems for storing, processing, and analyzing data, creating genetic databases is emphasized. Foreign experience in consolidation of biobank data and the results of genomic studies is summarized. We also describe D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology’s experience in creating collections of human biomaterials (today it contains more than 60,000 samples, including samples of blood and its derivatives (plasma, serum, whole blood), urine samples, placental tissue, cell cultures, DNA, RNA, and others) and in quality management. The main results of genetic research are provided. Experience in these studies served as the basis for the creation of Biobank “Genofond” and the unique scientific facility “Human Reproductive Health”. The principle of creation of the collection, its purpose, and objectives for future research in the genetics of reproduction are described.
{"title":"Prospects for biobanking in reproductive health: genetic aspects","authors":"A. Glotov, Y. Nasykhova, N. Dvoynova, A. Mikhailova, O. Pachulia, Maria Danilova, Z. Tonyan, Y. Barbitoff, R. Illarionov, O. Bespalova, V. Baranov, I. Kogan","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.404","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, one of the most promising areas of medicine is the development and implementation of new biomedical technologies in the field of human reproduction with the involvement of resources of biobanks and biocollections as well as modern genetic technologies. In this review, we considered the key dimensions of personalized medicine, such as biobanking and genomic medicine. We illustrated crucial aspects in the organization of human bioresource collections and the difficulties arising in the interaction of specialists in the field of biobanking. Problems in obtaining informed consent and collecting personal data are described. Furthermore, the need for creating and developing complex information systems for storing, processing, and analyzing data, creating genetic databases is emphasized. Foreign experience in consolidation of biobank data and the results of genomic studies is summarized. We also describe D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology’s experience in creating collections of human biomaterials (today it contains more than 60,000 samples, including samples of blood and its derivatives (plasma, serum, whole blood), urine samples, placental tissue, cell cultures, DNA, RNA, and others) and in quality management. The main results of genetic research are provided. Experience in these studies served as the basis for the creation of Biobank “Genofond” and the unique scientific facility “Human Reproductive Health”. The principle of creation of the collection, its purpose, and objectives for future research in the genetics of reproduction are described.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.405
Elena Petersen, Darya Chudakova, E. Shabalina, A. Shiryaev, N. Sukortseva, G. Zhemerikin, P. Karalkin, I. Reshetov
The creation and use of biobanks is an actively growing field that plays an important role in the development of many branches of biotechnology and biomedicine, including oncology and translational medicine. In this review, based on the analysis of more than 80 Russian and foreign publications, we describe the current state of biobanking and its future perspectives. The diversity of biobanking and the problems arising from it, including the limits of applicability to different types of research, as well as the prospects for development are discussed. The role of biobanks in the study of malignant neoplasms, including rare/orphan diseases, and in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, personalised medicine and pre-clinical screening studies, are highlighted.
{"title":"Biobanks as an important tool in modern translational oncology","authors":"Elena Petersen, Darya Chudakova, E. Shabalina, A. Shiryaev, N. Sukortseva, G. Zhemerikin, P. Karalkin, I. Reshetov","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.405","url":null,"abstract":"The creation and use of biobanks is an actively growing field that plays an important role in the development of many branches of biotechnology and biomedicine, including oncology and translational medicine. In this review, based on the analysis of more than 80 Russian and foreign publications, we describe the current state of biobanking and its future perspectives. The diversity of biobanking and the problems arising from it, including the limits of applicability to different types of research, as well as the prospects for development are discussed. The role of biobanks in the study of malignant neoplasms, including rare/orphan diseases, and in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, personalised medicine and pre-clinical screening studies, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.407
A. Abramov, L. Voyta, P. Kijashko
The Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg is one of the oldest biological research institutions in Russia, housing the largest zoological collections in the country, both in terms of their size (number of specimens) and global diversity. It is also one of the largest zoological depositories in the world, with over 60 million specimens in its stores. In total, the Zoological Institute holds about 260,000 animal species, about a quarter of the world’s known diversity. The type collection includes several tens of hundreds of primary types, which are very important as the essential foundation for zoological nomenclature. The digitisation of scientific collections now plays an important role in ensuring the standardised accumulation and use of various data sets, as well as quick access to stored information. The digitised scientific collections of the Zoological Institute are published online for the public access. To date they have accumulated 146,695 taxa records and over 13,000 high quality images of invertebrate and vertebrate specimens and their original data labels. The Zoological Institute is not only a depository of animal specimens important for biodiversity inventories and studies, but also a unique bank of genetic resources of extant/extinct animals which can be studied using modern genetic technologies.
{"title":"Scientific collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg","authors":"A. Abramov, L. Voyta, P. Kijashko","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.407","url":null,"abstract":"The Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg is one of the oldest biological research institutions in Russia, housing the largest zoological collections in the country, both in terms of their size (number of specimens) and global diversity. It is also one of the largest zoological depositories in the world, with over 60 million specimens in its stores. In total, the Zoological Institute holds about 260,000 animal species, about a quarter of the world’s known diversity. The type collection includes several tens of hundreds of primary types, which are very important as the essential foundation for zoological nomenclature. The digitisation of scientific collections now plays an important role in ensuring the standardised accumulation and use of various data sets, as well as quick access to stored information. The digitised scientific collections of the Zoological Institute are published online for the public access. To date they have accumulated 146,695 taxa records and over 13,000 high quality images of invertebrate and vertebrate specimens and their original data labels. The Zoological Institute is not only a depository of animal specimens important for biodiversity inventories and studies, but also a unique bank of genetic resources of extant/extinct animals which can be studied using modern genetic technologies.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44932384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.406
G. Poljanskaya, D. Bobkov, A. Koltsova, A. Musorina, N. Mikhailova
The review presents the history of the creation of the "Collection of Cell Cultures of Vertebrate" (CCCV), which has been in operation for over 40 years. The working principles, comprising seven points and covering both the practical and scientific activities of the CCCV, are discussed. Part of the review is aimed at describing the amount of hands-on work associated with service delivery to CCCV’s users representing various institutions in the Russian Federation. The quantitative indicators presented are evidence of the active practical activity of the CCCV. Another part of the review is dedicated to the CCCV's many years of scientific work. It consists of a description of the work in 6 scientific areas throughout the lifetime of the CCCV. In conclusion, scientific and information activities of the CCCV, and participation in various State programs are indicated.
{"title":"Creation, working principles, development of applied and fundamental scientific activities of the Collection of Cell Cultures of Vertebrates","authors":"G. Poljanskaya, D. Bobkov, A. Koltsova, A. Musorina, N. Mikhailova","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.406","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the history of the creation of the \"Collection of Cell Cultures of Vertebrate\" (CCCV), which has been in operation for over 40 years. The working principles, comprising seven points and covering both the practical and scientific activities of the CCCV, are discussed. Part of the review is aimed at describing the amount of hands-on work associated with service delivery to CCCV’s users representing various institutions in the Russian Federation. The quantitative indicators presented are evidence of the active practical activity of the CCCV. Another part of the review is dedicated to the CCCV's many years of scientific work. It consists of a description of the work in 6 scientific areas throughout the lifetime of the CCCV. In conclusion, scientific and information activities of the CCCV, and participation in various State programs are indicated.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.403
O. Glotov, A. Chernov, Michael Fedyakov, V. Larionova, A. Zaretsky, M. Donnikov, A. Glotov
The review highlights various methods for deciphering the nucleotide sequence (sequencing) of nucleic acids and their importance for the implementation of the three main principles of personalized medicine: prevention, predictability and personalization. The review, along with its own practical examples, considers three generations of sequencing technologies: 1) sequencing of cloned or amplified DNA fragments according to Sanger and its analogues; 2) massive parallel sequencing of DNA libraries with short reads (NGS); and 3) sequencing of single molecules of DNA and RNA with long reads. The methods of whole genome, whole exome, targeted, RNA sequencing and sequencing based on chromatin immunoprecipitation are also discussed. The advantages and limitations of the above methods for diagnosing monogenic and oncological diseases, as well as for identifying risk factors and predicting the course of socially significant multifactorial diseases are discussed. Using examples from clinical practice, algorithms for the application and selection of sequencing technologies are demonstrated. As a result of the use of sequencing technologies, it has now become possible to determine the molecular mechanism of the development of monogenic, orphan and multifactorial diseases, the knowledge of which is necessary for personalized patient therapy. In science, these technologies paved the way for international genome projects — the Human Genome Project, the HapMap, 1000 Genomes Project, the Personalized Genome Project, etc.
{"title":"Personalized medicine: the role of sequencing technologies in diagnostics, prediction and selection of treatment of monogenous and multifactorial diseases","authors":"O. Glotov, A. Chernov, Michael Fedyakov, V. Larionova, A. Zaretsky, M. Donnikov, A. Glotov","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.403","url":null,"abstract":"The review highlights various methods for deciphering the nucleotide sequence (sequencing) of nucleic acids and their importance for the implementation of the three main principles of personalized medicine: prevention, predictability and personalization. The review, along with its own practical examples, considers three generations of sequencing technologies: 1) sequencing of cloned or amplified DNA fragments according to Sanger and its analogues; 2) massive parallel sequencing of DNA libraries with short reads (NGS); and 3) sequencing of single molecules of DNA and RNA with long reads. The methods of whole genome, whole exome, targeted, RNA sequencing and sequencing based on chromatin immunoprecipitation are also discussed. The advantages and limitations of the above methods for diagnosing monogenic and oncological diseases, as well as for identifying risk factors and predicting the course of socially significant multifactorial diseases are discussed. Using examples from clinical practice, algorithms for the application and selection of sequencing technologies are demonstrated. As a result of the use of sequencing technologies, it has now become possible to determine the molecular mechanism of the development of monogenic, orphan and multifactorial diseases, the knowledge of which is necessary for personalized patient therapy. In science, these technologies paved the way for international genome projects — the Human Genome Project, the HapMap, 1000 Genomes Project, the Personalized Genome Project, etc.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45591129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.401
A. Ivanov
Neruchella eichwaldi gen. et sp. nov. is erected on the basis of a head shield found in the Famennian Lebedyanian Regional Stage of the Orel Region, Russia. The new taxon differs from all known ptyctodontids, and is characterized by the central plates in contact along the skull midline, the meeting of the sensory-line canals on the centrals and the loss of the nuchal plate. The structures of the head shields of two Famennian ptyctodontids Neruchella and Chelyophorus are completely different from the general skull bone pattern of older ptyctodontid taxa.
{"title":"New ptyctodontid placoderm from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of European Russia","authors":"A. Ivanov","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.401","url":null,"abstract":"Neruchella eichwaldi gen. et sp. nov. is erected on the basis of a head shield found in the Famennian Lebedyanian Regional Stage of the Orel Region, Russia. The new taxon differs from all known ptyctodontids, and is characterized by the central plates in contact along the skull midline, the meeting of the sensory-line canals on the centrals and the loss of the nuchal plate. The structures of the head shields of two Famennian ptyctodontids Neruchella and Chelyophorus are completely different from the general skull bone pattern of older ptyctodontid taxa.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49169149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.402
Helena Kushnevskaya, E. Borovichev, E. Shorohova
Quantifying the factors influencing wood-inhabiting species in boreal forests is crucial for better understanding of their ecology and conservation needs. We estimated the influence of substrate attributes on epixylic diversity on logs of Picea abies, Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Populus tremula and Pinus sylvestris in a mixed European old-growth boreal forest with high substrate availability and continuity. The number of species of different taxonomic and substrate groups in respect of log attributes was estimated with generalized linear models. The composition of epixylic communities was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling with subsequent environmental fitting. Additionally, we calculated species interaction networks of log (tree) species and epixylic plants and lichens. Species richness per log decreased with the increasing height above the ground and increased with the increasing amount of accumulated litter. True epixylics were the most sensitive to a log position above the ground. Aspen and conifer logs harbored the highest richness of rare species of lichens and liverworts. Birch logs hosted mainly species with wide substrate amplitude. The whole epixylic community specialization index decreased in the order lichens, liverworts, mosses, vascular plants. Tree species identity and associated attributes (bark cover, pH etc.) as well as ‘dynamic’ attributes (accumulation of litter, wood decomposition and time since tree death) influenced the total species number, their taxonomic diversity, and the composition of epixylic communities. Our results indicate the importance of wood of various age and tree species for the conservation of epixylic diversity in boreal forests.
{"title":"Epixylic diversity in an old-growth boreal forest is influenced by dynamic substrate attributes","authors":"Helena Kushnevskaya, E. Borovichev, E. Shorohova","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.402","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying the factors influencing wood-inhabiting species in boreal forests is crucial for better understanding of their ecology and conservation needs. We estimated the influence of substrate attributes on epixylic diversity on logs of Picea abies, Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Populus tremula and Pinus sylvestris in a mixed European old-growth boreal forest with high substrate availability and continuity. The number of species of different taxonomic and substrate groups in respect of log attributes was estimated with generalized linear models. The composition of epixylic communities was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling with subsequent environmental fitting. Additionally, we calculated species interaction networks of log (tree) species and epixylic plants and lichens. Species richness per log decreased with the increasing height above the ground and increased with the increasing amount of accumulated litter. True epixylics were the most sensitive to a log position above the ground. Aspen and conifer logs harbored the highest richness of rare species of lichens and liverworts. Birch logs hosted mainly species with wide substrate amplitude. The whole epixylic community specialization index decreased in the order lichens, liverworts, mosses, vascular plants. Tree species identity and associated attributes (bark cover, pH etc.) as well as ‘dynamic’ attributes (accumulation of litter, wood decomposition and time since tree death) influenced the total species number, their taxonomic diversity, and the composition of epixylic communities. Our results indicate the importance of wood of various age and tree species for the conservation of epixylic diversity in boreal forests.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.408
N. Abramson, T. Petrova, N. Dokuchaev
Historical DNA of museum specimens is of paramount importance in elucidation of complex nomenclature issues and a priceless source of material gathered during preceding centuries in hardly accessible today sites. Here we report the results of genotyping type specimens of Lemmus obensis bungei Vinogradov, 1925 from the collection of the Zoological Institute RAS and specimens of lemmings from the upper streams of the Omolon River, identified as L. amurensis from the collection of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian branch of RAS. The genetic profile of the type specimens in the first case was crucial for the nomenclatural solution as these specimens are from the point of the major evolutionary divergence on the Lena River. The results of the study convincingly showed that the lectotype belong to the eastern mitochondrial lineage of L. sibiricus. Therefore, if ever in the further studies it would be conclusively shown that this mitochondrial lineage may become a valid taxon of any rank, then names “novosibiricus”, “ognevi”, “portenkoi” will become younger synonyms of “bungei”. The new obtained sequences of the specimens from the Omolon prove initially wrong assignment and represent L. sibiricus eastern lineage.
{"title":"Analysis of “historical” DNA of museum samples resolve taxonomic, nomenclature and biogeography issues: case study of true lemmings","authors":"N. Abramson, T. Petrova, N. Dokuchaev","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.408","url":null,"abstract":"Historical DNA of museum specimens is of paramount importance in elucidation of complex nomenclature issues and a priceless source of material gathered during preceding centuries in hardly accessible today sites. Here we report the results of genotyping type specimens of Lemmus obensis bungei Vinogradov, 1925 from the collection of the Zoological Institute RAS and specimens of lemmings from the upper streams of the Omolon River, identified as L. amurensis from the collection of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian branch of RAS. The genetic profile of the type specimens in the first case was crucial for the nomenclatural solution as these specimens are from the point of the major evolutionary divergence on the Lena River. The results of the study convincingly showed that the lectotype belong to the eastern mitochondrial lineage of L. sibiricus. Therefore, if ever in the further studies it would be conclusively shown that this mitochondrial lineage may become a valid taxon of any rank, then names “novosibiricus”, “ognevi”, “portenkoi” will become younger synonyms of “bungei”. The new obtained sequences of the specimens from the Omolon prove initially wrong assignment and represent L. sibiricus eastern lineage.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48439138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.306
P. Mikheev, C. Matthaei, T. Ingram, Matt G. Jarvis, G. Closs
This study addresses the primary factors driving young-of-the-year (YoY) brown trout Salmo trutta abundance and population dynamics through the Austral summer in an important spawning tributary of a large New Zealand river. We measured the key traits and spawning investment of spawners; YoY density and movement; and environmental characteristics important for juvenile trout. In comparison to their native European range, we found high rates of pre-spawning mortality, low density of deposited eggs and reduced spawning efficiency of adult brown trout. Parental spawning investment did not affect spring juvenile trout distribution, a result likely related to a mismatch between YoY abundance and densities of eggs deposited by adults at the sampled locations. Spatial differences in seasonal dynamics of YoY density were likely related to the diversity of environmental conditions affecting habitat suitability for post-larval brown trout along the stream. Significant correlations between juvenile trout loss rate and both YoY density and downstream migration were observed only for the lowland stream segments, which had the highest spawning investment from diadromous adults, indicating the importance of these locations for recruitment. This study highlights knowledge gaps in species-environment interactions and the reproductive ecology of brown trout in New Zealand.
{"title":"Is recruitment of brown trout in a New Zealand river driven by parental spawning investment, density dependence, or environmental factors?","authors":"P. Mikheev, C. Matthaei, T. Ingram, Matt G. Jarvis, G. Closs","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.306","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the primary factors driving young-of-the-year (YoY) brown trout Salmo trutta abundance and population dynamics through the Austral summer in an important spawning tributary of a large New Zealand river. We measured the key traits and spawning investment of spawners; YoY density and movement; and environmental characteristics important for juvenile trout. In comparison to their native European range, we found high rates of pre-spawning mortality, low density of deposited eggs and reduced spawning efficiency of adult brown trout. Parental spawning investment did not affect spring juvenile trout distribution, a result likely related to a mismatch between YoY abundance and densities of eggs deposited by adults at the sampled locations. Spatial differences in seasonal dynamics of YoY density were likely related to the diversity of environmental conditions affecting habitat suitability for post-larval brown trout along the stream. Significant correlations between juvenile trout loss rate and both YoY density and downstream migration were observed only for the lowland stream segments, which had the highest spawning investment from diadromous adults, indicating the importance of these locations for recruitment. This study highlights knowledge gaps in species-environment interactions and the reproductive ecology of brown trout in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.21638/spbu03.2022.307
O. Payushina, D. Tsomartova, Yelizaveta Chereshneva, M. Ivanova, N. Pashina, Elina Tsomartova, S. Kuznetsov
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell therapy of different organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Therapeutic effect of MSC transplantation in GIT diseases may be partly due to their differentiation into various cellular components of the digestive tube. However, more significant is regulatory influence of MSCs on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the gastric and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as their immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic effects. Data from experiments on animals and clinical trials indicate prospect of using MSCs in various diseases affecting any parts of GIT. However, effective and safe clinical use of MSCs requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effect, the development of optimal methods of administration, and risk assessment of adverse effects. This review analyzes MSC participation in regeneration of GIT and systematizes data on the potential of using MSCs in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases.
{"title":"New perspectives on treatment of gastrointestinal diseases: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells","authors":"O. Payushina, D. Tsomartova, Yelizaveta Chereshneva, M. Ivanova, N. Pashina, Elina Tsomartova, S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.21638/spbu03.2022.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.307","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell therapy of different organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Therapeutic effect of MSC transplantation in GIT diseases may be partly due to their differentiation into various cellular components of the digestive tube. However, more significant is regulatory influence of MSCs on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the gastric and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as their immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic effects. Data from experiments on animals and clinical trials indicate prospect of using MSCs in various diseases affecting any parts of GIT. However, effective and safe clinical use of MSCs requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effect, the development of optimal methods of administration, and risk assessment of adverse effects. This review analyzes MSC participation in regeneration of GIT and systematizes data on the potential of using MSCs in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases.","PeriodicalId":8998,"journal":{"name":"Biological Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46659547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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