Drought is a threat that affects plant growth and development. Wheat crops are very sensitive to heat and drought stress during flowering and grain development, which negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat with drought tolerant properties is a genetically modified plant obtained by inserting a cold shock protein gene from Escherichia coli so that it can increase the ability of wheat to adapt to drought. This literature review aims to provide information about the role of cold shock protein gene insertion from Escherichia coli in wheat plants to produce drought tolerant traits. The results of the literature review showed that the CspA gene from Escherichia coli inserted into DNA could increase gene expression by changing the nucleotides in the DNA sequence to increase G+C. Gene insertion produces recombinant DNA with specific nucleotide changes. Nucleotide changes were carried out to increase the overall G+C amino acid content without changing the existing CspA and CspB protein sequences. These changes played an important role in helping wheat adapt to drought. The leaves on the transgenic wheat showed a decrease in the rate of water loss because the stomata in these plants closed faster than in the ordinary wheat so that the transgenic wheat became more drought tolerant.
{"title":"INSERTION OF COLD SHOCK GENE FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI IN WHEAT PLANTS TO PRODUCE DROUGHT TOLERANT PROPERTIES","authors":"Takashi Reymond Rimpan, Naomi Dwany, Geraldy John Meyners, Yohana Delvia Ayustin, Wahyu Irawati","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a threat that affects plant growth and development. Wheat crops are very sensitive to heat and drought stress during flowering and grain development, which negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat with drought tolerant properties is a genetically modified plant obtained by inserting a cold shock protein gene from Escherichia coli so that it can increase the ability of wheat to adapt to drought. This literature review aims to provide information about the role of cold shock protein gene insertion from Escherichia coli in wheat plants to produce drought tolerant traits. The results of the literature review showed that the CspA gene from Escherichia coli inserted into DNA could increase gene expression by changing the nucleotides in the DNA sequence to increase G+C. Gene insertion produces recombinant DNA with specific nucleotide changes. Nucleotide changes were carried out to increase the overall G+C amino acid content without changing the existing CspA and CspB protein sequences. These changes played an important role in helping wheat adapt to drought. The leaves on the transgenic wheat showed a decrease in the rate of water loss because the stomata in these plants closed faster than in the ordinary wheat so that the transgenic wheat became more drought tolerant.","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74967297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.02
M. Ihsan, R. Azrianingsih, R. Rugayah, Muhammad Efendi
{"title":"Morphological Variations Species of Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) in Java","authors":"M. Ihsan, R. Azrianingsih, R. Rugayah, Muhammad Efendi","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76885983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.04
Andista Firstiantono, Sri Rahayu, Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra, A. Soewondo
{"title":"Potential of Combination Marsilea crenata and Curcuma xanthorriza to Improve Sperm Quality of Male Mice Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate","authors":"Andista Firstiantono, Sri Rahayu, Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra, A. Soewondo","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72638294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.06
Romario Dion, Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo, Muhammad Faishal Fauzaan, Ilham Aris Wandi, Rina Sari Asih
{"title":"In silico Exploration of Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Compounds from Lufariella variabilis as Antivenom of Ophiophagus hannah","authors":"Romario Dion, Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo, Muhammad Faishal Fauzaan, Ilham Aris Wandi, Rina Sari Asih","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84101381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.08
Rudy Hermawan, Tryanisa Ridla Amalia
{"title":"Ceratiomyxa arbuscula: A White Tubular Myxomycetes in West Java","authors":"Rudy Hermawan, Tryanisa Ridla Amalia","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84681812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.01
Agung Sih Kurnianto, Santi Prastiwi, N. Dewi, Ahmad Ilham Tanzil, Wildan Muhlison, Wagiyana Wagiyana
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the biggest threat to onion farming, especially in the vegetative phase. In severe attacks, this pest can cause yield losses of up to 100%. Compatibility is one way to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of pest control by using plant-based pesticides or biological agents. Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica, acronym=NLE) has an azadirachtin compound that can inhibit insect growth, reduce appetite, reproduction, and hatch eggs. The fungus Beauveria bassiana (acronym=Bb) can secrete chitinase, lipase, proteinase enzymes that are able to decompose insect cuticles. NLE was obtained through the extraction method of plant-based pesticides and stored at 4oC until the experiment time. The Bb used was a commercial B. bassiana inoculum in the flour form with a density of 4.5 x 1010 spores/gram (trade name = Natural BVR). To determine the advantages of compatibility, this study is held by a single toxicity test of Bb and NLE, and the combined toxicity test of both. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications, each replication used 12 larvae (a total of 48 larvae). Combination toxicity has a higher toxicity than the single use of NLE and Bb. At the LC 95 level, the combination treatment of Bb and NLE was 1.06-1.15 times more toxic than the single treatment of Bb, and 6.87-7.79 times more toxic than the single treatment of NLE. NLE and Bb are considered to have high compatibility (strong synergistic with GI value <0.5). Theoretically, the compatibility of NLE plant-based pesticides and Bb is very promising to replace chemical pesticides that have long-term adverse effects on agroecosystems
{"title":"Compatibility of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Beauveria bassiana for control of Spodoptera exigua and the Theoritical Impact to The Agroecorsystem","authors":"Agung Sih Kurnianto, Santi Prastiwi, N. Dewi, Ahmad Ilham Tanzil, Wildan Muhlison, Wagiyana Wagiyana","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the biggest threat to onion farming, especially in the vegetative phase. In severe attacks, this pest can cause yield losses of up to 100%. Compatibility is one way to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of pest control by using plant-based pesticides or biological agents. Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica, acronym=NLE) has an azadirachtin compound that can inhibit insect growth, reduce appetite, reproduction, and hatch eggs. The fungus Beauveria bassiana (acronym=Bb) can secrete chitinase, lipase, proteinase enzymes that are able to decompose insect cuticles. NLE was obtained through the extraction method of plant-based pesticides and stored at 4oC until the experiment time. The Bb used was a commercial B. bassiana inoculum in the flour form with a density of 4.5 x 1010 spores/gram (trade name = Natural BVR). To determine the advantages of compatibility, this study is held by a single toxicity test of Bb and NLE, and the combined toxicity test of both. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications, each replication used 12 larvae (a total of 48 larvae). Combination toxicity has a higher toxicity than the single use of NLE and Bb. At the LC 95 level, the combination treatment of Bb and NLE was 1.06-1.15 times more toxic than the single treatment of Bb, and 6.87-7.79 times more toxic than the single treatment of NLE. NLE and Bb are considered to have high compatibility (strong synergistic with GI value <0.5). Theoretically, the compatibility of NLE plant-based pesticides and Bb is very promising to replace chemical pesticides that have long-term adverse effects on agroecosystems","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89241337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.01
Frenly Marvi Selano, R. Hadi Purwanto, Probo Santoso
{"title":"Plants Potential of Green and Open Space Planning (RTH) to Mitigate CO2 Gas Emission in Ambon","authors":"Frenly Marvi Selano, R. Hadi Purwanto, Probo Santoso","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85657715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.08
Selis Meriem
{"title":"Review: Regulation of Phytohormones and Environmental Stresses to Increase the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites","authors":"Selis Meriem","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75917524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.07
Hamdani Dwi Prasetyo, M. Ramadhan
{"title":"Quality Profile of Riparian Zone and Vegetation Quality in Amprong River, Tumpang District Based on QBR index and NDVI","authors":"Hamdani Dwi Prasetyo, M. Ramadhan","doi":"10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9004,"journal":{"name":"Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83097773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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