Pub Date : 2015-04-08DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.5
D. C. Okiyama, E. S. Kamimura, J. A. Rabi
Based on a dynamic (i.e. time-dependent) one-dimensional approach, this work applied lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to computationally model biospecific affinity chromatography (BAC). With governing equations expressed in lattice-based dimensionless form, LBM was implemented in D1Q2 lattice by assigning particle distribution functions to adsorbate concentration in both fluid and solid phases. The LBM simulator was firstly tested in view of a classic BAC work on lysozyme and the streaming step relating to adsorbate concentration in the solid-phase was suppressed from the LBM code with no loss of functionality. Expected behaviour of breakthrough curves was numerically reproduced and the influence of lattice-based dimensionless parameters was examined. The LBM simulator was next applied so as to assess lattice-based dimensionless parameters regarding an experimental BAC work on lipase.
{"title":"Biospecific Affinity Chromatography: Computational Modelling via Lattice Boltzmann Method and Influence of Lattice-Based Dimensionless Parameters","authors":"D. C. Okiyama, E. S. Kamimura, J. A. Rabi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a dynamic (i.e. time-dependent) one-dimensional approach, this work applied lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to computationally model biospecific affinity chromatography (BAC). With governing equations expressed in lattice-based dimensionless form, LBM was implemented in D1Q2 lattice by assigning particle distribution functions to adsorbate concentration in both fluid and solid phases. The LBM simulator was firstly tested in view of a classic BAC work on lysozyme and the streaming step relating to adsorbate concentration in the solid-phase was suppressed from the LBM code with no loss of functionality. Expected behaviour of breakthrough curves was numerically reproduced and the influence of lattice-based dimensionless parameters was examined. The LBM simulator was next applied so as to assess lattice-based dimensionless parameters regarding an experimental BAC work on lipase.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-08DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.2
S. Malik, Sampriya Sharma, J. Sharma, R. Mandhan
Flavobacterium bolustinum and its extracellular cellulase were tested for animal feed pretreatment. The fibrolytic enzymes, cellulase and pectinase were applied to various crop residues such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn seeds and sorghum for enriching animal feed. Different parameters like temperature, incubation time and enzyme dose had been optimized for maximum reducing sugar and protein release. The highest amount of reducing sugar obtained was 29.83 mg g -1 dry substrate and soluble protein was 27.34 mg g -1 dry substrate on single cellulase enzyme treatment at 50°C for 6 h. An increase in amount of released reducing sugar (39.5 mg g -1 dry substrate) and protein (33.88 mg g -1 dry substrate) was observed when enzyme cocktail (cellulose and pectinase) was used. Solid state fermentation using F. bolustinum had also been performed for all crop residues. It released higher amount of reducing sugar (41.36 mg g -1 ) and protein (47.21 mg g -1 ) as compared to enzymatic treatment. Different substrates resulted in appreciable weight loss by enzymatic treatment (15-35%) as well as fermentation using F. bolustinum (40%). Liquefaction of lignocellulosic rich crop residues, for better utilization of feed has never been reported earlier.
研究了肉毒黄杆菌及其胞外纤维素酶在动物饲料预处理中的应用。将纤维分解酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶应用于小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、玉米种子和高粱等各种作物秸秆中，以丰富动物饲料。对温度、孵育时间和酶用量等参数进行了优化，以最大限度地释放还原糖和蛋白质。单纤维素酶在50°C条件下处理6 h，得到的还原糖最高为29.83 mg g -1干底物，可溶性蛋白最高为27.34 mg g -1干底物。当混合酶(纤维素和果胶酶)时，还原糖(39.5 mg g -1干底物)和蛋白质(33.88 mg g -1干底物)的释放量增加。利用bolustum对所有作物残留物进行了固态发酵。与酶处理相比，它释放出更多的还原糖(41.36 mg g -1)和蛋白质(47.21 mg g -1)。不同的底物通过酶处理(15-35%)和F. bolustinum发酵(40%)导致明显的重量减轻。液化木质纤维素丰富的作物秸秆，以更好地利用饲料以前从未报道过。
{"title":"Bioprocessing of Crop Residues using Fibrolytic Enzymes and Flavobacterium bolustinum for Enriching Animal Feed","authors":"S. Malik, Sampriya Sharma, J. Sharma, R. Mandhan","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Flavobacterium bolustinum and its extracellular cellulase were tested for animal feed pretreatment. The fibrolytic enzymes, cellulase and pectinase were applied to various crop residues such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn seeds and sorghum for enriching animal feed. Different parameters like temperature, incubation time and enzyme dose had been optimized for maximum reducing sugar and protein release. The highest amount of reducing sugar obtained was 29.83 mg g -1 dry substrate and soluble protein was 27.34 mg g -1 dry substrate on single cellulase enzyme treatment at 50°C for 6 h. An increase in amount of released reducing sugar (39.5 mg g -1 dry substrate) and protein (33.88 mg g -1 dry substrate) was observed when enzyme cocktail (cellulose and pectinase) was used. Solid state fermentation using F. bolustinum had also been performed for all crop residues. It released higher amount of reducing sugar (41.36 mg g -1 ) and protein (47.21 mg g -1 ) as compared to enzymatic treatment. Different substrates resulted in appreciable weight loss by enzymatic treatment (15-35%) as well as fermentation using F. bolustinum (40%). Liquefaction of lignocellulosic rich crop residues, for better utilization of feed has never been reported earlier.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-08DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.4
S. Yap
Globally, breast cancer incidence increases at 1% to 2% annually. It is the number one cause of cancer death in women. Current literature implies that soy food intake is linked to decreased risk of breast cancer due to its rich isoflavones. On the other hand, intake of animal fat, red meat, organ meat and high-fat dairy products during premenopausal years may increase risk for this cancer, but no apparent risk has been established for fish or poultry intake. Monounsaturated fat and the improved ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids have showed potential to reduce risk. On the other hand, high glycemic index diet but not glycemic load is associated with a significantly increased risk. Central rather than general obesity carries similar risk. Furthermore, lifestyle rather than genetic differences are widely implicated in breast cancer. A comprehensive phyto-nutritional therapy was adopted for treating a case involving stage IV breast cancer in a premenopausal woman, who was turned away by a hospital offering conventional treatment. The therapy involved designing and monitoring the implementation of dietary plans to achieve optimum health outcomes for the major abnormal metabolic blood/urine markers identified for this particular patient. Nutrient-dense food items with generous servings of a variety of spices and herbs, supplemented by vitamins, minerals and phyto-extracts was prescribed as part of the therapy. Many non-toxic dietary nutrients and phytonutrients are known cytotoxic agents promoting cancer regression via apoptosis pathways, which have yet to be fully understood. Conclusion : The complete remission of the malignancy initiated by this natural therapy would suggest that an advanced stage breast cancer is a metabolic disorder reversible by an evidence-based phyto-nutritional therapy. While not all cases of malignancy can possibly be completely reversed, the positive outcome achieved in partnership with the patient warrants further study involving larger number of women with similar level of malignancy.
{"title":"Reversing Breast Cancer in a Premenopausal Woman: A Case for Phyto-Nutritional Therapy","authors":"S. Yap","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, breast cancer incidence increases at 1% to 2% annually. It is the number one cause of cancer death in women. Current literature implies that soy food intake is linked to decreased risk of breast cancer due to its rich isoflavones. On the other hand, intake of animal fat, red meat, organ meat and high-fat dairy products during premenopausal years may increase risk for this cancer, but no apparent risk has been established for fish or poultry intake. Monounsaturated fat and the improved ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids have showed potential to reduce risk. On the other hand, high glycemic index diet but not glycemic load is associated with a significantly increased risk. Central rather than general obesity carries similar risk. Furthermore, lifestyle rather than genetic differences are widely implicated in breast cancer. A comprehensive phyto-nutritional therapy was adopted for treating a case involving stage IV breast cancer in a premenopausal woman, who was turned away by a hospital offering conventional treatment. The therapy involved designing and monitoring the implementation of dietary plans to achieve optimum health outcomes for the major abnormal metabolic blood/urine markers identified for this particular patient. Nutrient-dense food items with generous servings of a variety of spices and herbs, supplemented by vitamins, minerals and phyto-extracts was prescribed as part of the therapy. Many non-toxic dietary nutrients and phytonutrients are known cytotoxic agents promoting cancer regression via apoptosis pathways, which have yet to be fully understood. Conclusion : The complete remission of the malignancy initiated by this natural therapy would suggest that an advanced stage breast cancer is a metabolic disorder reversible by an evidence-based phyto-nutritional therapy. While not all cases of malignancy can possibly be completely reversed, the positive outcome achieved in partnership with the patient warrants further study involving larger number of women with similar level of malignancy.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"25-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-15DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.3
Nur Izzah Ismail, Y. Hashim, P. Jamal, R. Othman, H. Salleh
Cysteine has a wide application in pharmaceutical, foods and cosmetic industries. In the biological system, through its unique properties of sulfur and thiol, cysteine also plays important roles in stability, structure, catalytic activity, and regulation of numerous proteins. In nature, cysteine can be found in animal proteins, fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereal. Due to its wide application, the production of cysteine in large scale is in favour. At present, cysteine is produced from keratin of animal sources as well as through microbial bioconversion and fermentation. Each production method poses its own challenges and limitation; which includes low yield, high-cost and poor consumer acceptance. As such, alternative source for large-scale cysteine production is of interest. Plants are seen to be an attractive substrate for the extraction of cysteine.
{"title":"Production of Cysteine: Approaches, Challenges and Potential Solution","authors":"Nur Izzah Ismail, Y. Hashim, P. Jamal, R. Othman, H. Salleh","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cysteine has a wide application in pharmaceutical, foods and cosmetic industries. In the biological system, through its unique properties of sulfur and thiol, cysteine also plays important roles in stability, structure, catalytic activity, and regulation of numerous proteins. In nature, cysteine can be found in animal proteins, fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereal. Due to its wide application, the production of cysteine in large scale is in favour. At present, cysteine is produced from keratin of animal sources as well as through microbial bioconversion and fermentation. Each production method poses its own challenges and limitation; which includes low yield, high-cost and poor consumer acceptance. As such, alternative source for large-scale cysteine production is of interest. Plants are seen to be an attractive substrate for the extraction of cysteine.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"3 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-15DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.1
N. Macedo, C. Brigham
Microbial fermentation for bio-based products is quickly becoming an integral component of the world infrastructure, as the processes encompassing the synthesis of these natural products becomes more efficient and cost effective to compete with existing commodities. Bioethanol is currently one of the most desired fermentation products, as this constituent can be applied to multiple uses in not only contributing to the more traditional routes of beer brewing and winemaking, but also in the foundation for green fuel sources. By optimizing yields, the innovative processes could be applied towards engineering more rapid and productive biomanufacturing. In order to achieve these goals, we as researchers must understand the underlying principles and intricate networks that play a role within the microenvironment and also on the cellular level in key fermentative microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis . In-depth pathway analysis could lead to the development of more favorable metabolic outcomes. This review focuses on the key metabolic networks and cellular frameworks in these model organisms, and how biosynthesis of ethanol yields can be optimized throughout the fermentation process.
{"title":"From beverages to biofuels: the journeys of ethanol-producing microorganisms.","authors":"N. Macedo, C. Brigham","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fermentation for bio-based products is quickly becoming an integral component of the world infrastructure, as the processes encompassing the synthesis of these natural products becomes more efficient and cost effective to compete with existing commodities. Bioethanol is currently one of the most desired fermentation products, as this constituent can be applied to multiple uses in not only contributing to the more traditional routes of beer brewing and winemaking, but also in the foundation for green fuel sources. By optimizing yields, the innovative processes could be applied towards engineering more rapid and productive biomanufacturing. In order to achieve these goals, we as researchers must understand the underlying principles and intricate networks that play a role within the microenvironment and also on the cellular level in key fermentative microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis . In-depth pathway analysis could lead to the development of more favorable metabolic outcomes. This review focuses on the key metabolic networks and cellular frameworks in these model organisms, and how biosynthesis of ethanol yields can be optimized throughout the fermentation process.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"3 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-15DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.2
Vicente Oliva, A. Castro, I. Herrera, Martha Alicia RodrÃguez Mendiola, Federico Miceli
Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), asparagine and glutamine on a number of embryos from callus of Agave americana L generated with 0.5mg/L of 2,4-D, treatments obtained according to an experimental design with response surface Box-Behnken with three repetitions at the central point with 0, 1 and 2 mg L -1 2, 4-D; 0, 200 and 500 mg L -1 glutamine and 0, 500 and 1000 mg L -1 asparagine. The embryo number was optimized using the RITA® automatic bioreactors system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) varying the immersion frequencies with similar solid and liquid treatments at the same time for comparative purposes. The results showed that interaction between asparagine and glutamine had a statistically significant effect and the largest embryo number was obtained with the higher concentration of the two amino acids, the coefficient of determination (R2) calculated from the validation data for RSM model was 0.92, The use of the RITA® bioreactor had a positive effect on embryo number at 1 min of immersion time and a frequency of 12 times a day comparing with the liquid system but not at others frequencies, possibly because of the physical conditions inside the reactor. Response surface design was an experimental strategy which led to raise the embryo number using asparagine and glutamine as supplement of MS medium in the callus differentiation A. americana L. and using the RITA reactors automatic system was effective to improve the multiplication rate.
采用响应面法研究了不同浓度的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)、天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺对0.5mg/L 2,4-d诱导的美洲龙葵愈伤组织胚的影响，实验设计采用Box-Behnken响应面设计，以0、1和2 mg L - 1,2,4 -d为中心，重复3次;0,200和500毫克谷氨酰胺和0,500和1000毫克天冬酰胺。使用RITA®自动生物反应器系统优化胚胎数量，该系统使用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)和光相关电阻(LDR)，在相同的固体和液体处理下同时改变浸泡频率以进行比较。结果表明,天冬酰胺,谷氨酰胺之间的相互作用产生了显著的影响,获得了最大的胚胎数量与两种氨基酸的浓度越高,决定系数(R2)计算从RSM模型验证数据为0.92,使用RITAA®生物反应器有积极影响胚胎数量在1分钟的浸泡时间和频率一天12次比较与液体系统而不是别的频率,可能是因为反应堆内部的物理条件。响应面设计是利用MS培养基补充天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺提高美洲美洲愈伤组织分化胚数的实验策略，采用RITA反应器自动系统可有效提高美洲美洲愈伤组织的增殖率。
{"title":"Response Surface Methodology of Glutamine, Asparagine and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid for Agave americana L. Embryo Number and their Optimization in a RITA ® Automatic Bioreactor System","authors":"Vicente Oliva, A. Castro, I. Herrera, Martha Alicia RodrÃguez Mendiola, Federico Miceli","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), asparagine and glutamine on a number of embryos from callus of Agave americana L generated with 0.5mg/L of 2,4-D, treatments obtained according to an experimental design with response surface Box-Behnken with three repetitions at the central point with 0, 1 and 2 mg L -1 2, 4-D; 0, 200 and 500 mg L -1 glutamine and 0, 500 and 1000 mg L -1 asparagine. The embryo number was optimized using the RITA® automatic bioreactors system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) varying the immersion frequencies with similar solid and liquid treatments at the same time for comparative purposes. The results showed that interaction between asparagine and glutamine had a statistically significant effect and the largest embryo number was obtained with the higher concentration of the two amino acids, the coefficient of determination (R2) calculated from the validation data for RSM model was 0.92, The use of the RITA® bioreactor had a positive effect on embryo number at 1 min of immersion time and a frequency of 12 times a day comparing with the liquid system but not at others frequencies, possibly because of the physical conditions inside the reactor. Response surface design was an experimental strategy which led to raise the embryo number using asparagine and glutamine as supplement of MS medium in the callus differentiation A. americana L. and using the RITA reactors automatic system was effective to improve the multiplication rate.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"3 1","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-15DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.4
Dian-feng Liu, G. Jiang
Most of grasshoppers in the family Oedipodidae are the famous agriculture pests in China. However monophyly and the relationships among the subfamilies within this family are unclear up to now. Here the phylogeny of the Oedipodidae was reconstructed based on 16S rDNA sequence fragments by using Mekongiella kingdoni and Atractomorpha sinensis as outgroups under weighted MP, NJ and Bayesian criteria. The 408 bp fragments of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced for 15 species from 4 subfamilies of the family Oedipodidae, and the homologous sequences of other 15 species of grasshoppers were downloaded from the GenBank data library. The numbers of transitions and transversions among pairwise comparisons of the 16S fragments were respectively plotted against percentage sequence differences. Saturation of transitions was discovered, and transversions were not saturated with the increase of percentage sequence difference in the plots. All the individuals of the Oedipodidae excluding Trilophidia annulata were gathered together in the three trees. Our results are very different from the traditionary taxonomy of the Oedipodidae including 4 subfamilies. The Bryodemellinae is not supported as a subfamily, and neither Locustinae nor Oedipodinae are supported as a monophyletic group in this study.
{"title":"Inference about Monophyly of the Family Oedipodidae and the Classification of Subfamilies Based on 16S rDNA Sequences","authors":"Dian-feng Liu, G. Jiang","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"Most of grasshoppers in the family Oedipodidae are the famous agriculture pests in China. However monophyly and the relationships among the subfamilies within this family are unclear up to now. Here the phylogeny of the Oedipodidae was reconstructed based on 16S rDNA sequence fragments by using Mekongiella kingdoni and Atractomorpha sinensis as outgroups under weighted MP, NJ and Bayesian criteria. The 408 bp fragments of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced for 15 species from 4 subfamilies of the family Oedipodidae, and the homologous sequences of other 15 species of grasshoppers were downloaded from the GenBank data library. The numbers of transitions and transversions among pairwise comparisons of the 16S fragments were respectively plotted against percentage sequence differences. Saturation of transitions was discovered, and transversions were not saturated with the increase of percentage sequence difference in the plots. All the individuals of the Oedipodidae excluding Trilophidia annulata were gathered together in the three trees. Our results are very different from the traditionary taxonomy of the Oedipodidae including 4 subfamilies. The Bryodemellinae is not supported as a subfamily, and neither Locustinae nor Oedipodinae are supported as a monophyletic group in this study.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"118 1","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal drugs have been historically applied in Chinese remedies for more than two thousands. It was reported that Chinese medical animals consisting of 1,590 species took up 12.5% of the total number of all TCM resources. Those animal drugs such as, earthworm, gecko, periostracum cicadae , and scorpios, of commonly used in China, are very remarkable and traditional for the treatment of asthma or chronic bronchitis. This review presents research advance of animal drugs possessing significant implications for the development of novel anti-asthma or chronic bronchitis drugs. The experimental studies and clinical efficacies against asthma and chronic bronchitis of animal drugs were summarized herein. Moreover, the potential utilization of animal drugs on inhibiting haze/fog induced respiratory diseases was also discussed
{"title":"The History and Outlook of Animal Drugs Treating Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, and Haze Episode-induced Respiratory Diseases","authors":"Xiumei Wu, Hairong Zhao, Chen Junya, Feng Rui, Cheng-Gong Li, Z. Zhixue, Chenggui Zhang, Guike Li, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Animal drugs have been historically applied in Chinese remedies for more than two thousands. It was reported that Chinese medical animals consisting of 1,590 species took up 12.5% of the total number of all TCM resources. Those animal drugs such as, earthworm, gecko, periostracum cicadae , and scorpios, of commonly used in China, are very remarkable and traditional for the treatment of asthma or chronic bronchitis. This review presents research advance of animal drugs possessing significant implications for the development of novel anti-asthma or chronic bronchitis drugs. The experimental studies and clinical efficacies against asthma and chronic bronchitis of animal drugs were summarized herein. Moreover, the potential utilization of animal drugs on inhibiting haze/fog induced respiratory diseases was also discussed","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"3 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-22DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.02.2
Katherine Hamorsky, Abhilasha Surampalli, M. Wencel, Manaswitha Khare, V. Kimonis
While there is no curative treatment for the Inclusion body myopathy, Paget disease of bone and/ or frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) disorder, it is worthwhile to investigate alternate therapies that may slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life in this patient population. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of diet and exercise changes on the Quality of Life questionnaire. We assessed data from the questionnaire in 30 individuals (mean age 50.86 years; range 27-65 years; 16 Males, 14 Females) that participated in the clinical study of Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) disease. Eleven affected individuals consumed a high fat/sugar diet and 15 low fat/sugar diet of 4.09±0.25 and 1.53±0.13 servings/day respectively. Eleven individuals reported not exercising and 12 reported moderate exercise of 2.44±0.74 hours/week. In this cohort we found significantly higher mean physical health domain score for all those who exercised (P=.02) and surprisingly in those who had a high fat/sugar diet (P=.01). In the high fat/sugar diet group there was a significantly greater ability to walk; greater perceived muscle strength in arms and legs (P=.03; P=.02 and P= .02 respectively). Therefore lifestyle changes with exercise training and a higher fat/ sugar diet may have a beneficial effect in affected individuals with VCP disease. Nevertheless, larger studies with further research are needed to confirm these preliminary studies before making clinical practice recommendations.
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Pub Date : 2014-07-22DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2014.03.02.4
K. Khosravi‐Darani, Fatemeh Seyed Reihani, R. Feili
Conjugated linoleic acid as unique fatty acid of milk fat has beneficial properties including antioxidant‚ anticarcinogen‚ antidiabetic‚ antiblood pressure‚ stimulating the body immune system and reducing cholesterol. The aim of this study was assessing ability of some probiotics for biotransformation of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. Effect of process variables were investigated on production of conjugated linoleic acid in probiotic yogurt. An 8 run Plackett-Burman design was used to study the effect of 7 variables included: addition of supplements (whey powder‚ the amount of added grape seed oil), fermentation (temperature, pH, incubation time) and inoculum condition (age and size) on biomass and conjugated linoleic acid production in probiotic yogurt containing strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Propionibacterium freudenerchii grown in medium containing free linoleic acid. The highest amount of conjugated linoleic acid was obtained by addition of 8% w/v whey powder, addition of 4%v/v grape seed oil in pH=6.0, inoculation of 0.7%v/v Inoculum of 36 h age and fermentation at temperature of 35°C for 27 h. This research showed that at the optimized conditions‚ the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in probiotic yogurt was increased by 40% from an average of 8.01 mg/g fat in non-treated yogurt to 11.03 mg/g fat of probiotic yogurt containing grape seed oil.
共轭亚油酸作为乳脂中独特的脂肪酸，具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗糖尿病、降压、刺激机体免疫系统、降低胆固醇等有益特性。本研究的目的是评估一些益生菌将亚油酸转化为共轭亚油酸的能力。研究了工艺参数对益生菌酸奶中共轭亚油酸生产的影响。采用8次Plackett-Burman设计，研究了添加添加物(乳清粉、葡萄籽油添加量)、发酵(温度、pH、孵育时间)和接种条件(年龄和大小)7个变量对在游离亚油酸培养基中培养的含嗜酸乳杆菌La5、两歧双歧杆菌和弗氏丙酸杆菌的益生菌酸奶生物量和共轭亚油酸产量的影响。共轭亚油酸的最多是通过添加8% w / v乳清粉,添加4% v / v葡萄籽油在pH = 6.0, 0.7%的接种v / v的36 h年龄和发酵培养液的温度35°C 27 h。这项研究表明,在优化条件下,益生菌酸奶中共轭亚油酸的含量增加了40%从平均8.01毫克/克脂肪在摘要酸奶11.03毫克/克脂肪的益生菌酸奶含有葡萄籽油。
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