Pub Date : 2017-01-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.1
Yan-Fen Lee, N. Sridewi, S. Ramanathan, K. Sudesh
The impact of polymer concentration and drug loading on nanofiber morphology and diameter were investigated during electrospinning of polyhydroxyalkanoate nanofibrous films. Low molecular weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB- co -95 mol% 4HB)] required a 5-fold higher solution concentration than high molecular weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] to produce bead-free nanofibers. Loading the films with paclitaxel increased the initial polymer solution viscosity allowing larger diameter nanofibers to form. Furthermore, paclitaxel added at 1% (w/w) into 8 % (w/v) P(3HB- co -95 mol% 4HB) solution eliminated the formation of beads seen in solutions without the drug, at the same initial polymer solution concentration. In preliminary drug release studies, nanofiber mats consisting of large-diameter nanofibers with high drug loading released paclitaxel at a faster rate due to larger pore sizes. This was a consequence of the random packing of larger diameter nanofibers. However, the release pattern of nanofibers with low drug loading was much more consistent and controlled. Lastly, we have shown the potential applications of P(3HB- co -4HB) drug loaded nanofibers in the development of biocompatible drug eluting stents by directly coating a metal stent with a homogeneous layer of electrospun polymer.
{"title":"The Influence of Electrospinning Parameters and Drug Loading on Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery","authors":"Yan-Fen Lee, N. Sridewi, S. Ramanathan, K. Sudesh","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of polymer concentration and drug loading on nanofiber morphology and diameter were investigated during electrospinning of polyhydroxyalkanoate nanofibrous films. Low molecular weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB- co -95 mol% 4HB)] required a 5-fold higher solution concentration than high molecular weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] to produce bead-free nanofibers. Loading the films with paclitaxel increased the initial polymer solution viscosity allowing larger diameter nanofibers to form. Furthermore, paclitaxel added at 1% (w/w) into 8 % (w/v) P(3HB- co -95 mol% 4HB) solution eliminated the formation of beads seen in solutions without the drug, at the same initial polymer solution concentration. In preliminary drug release studies, nanofiber mats consisting of large-diameter nanofibers with high drug loading released paclitaxel at a faster rate due to larger pore sizes. This was a consequence of the random packing of larger diameter nanofibers. However, the release pattern of nanofibers with low drug loading was much more consistent and controlled. Lastly, we have shown the potential applications of P(3HB- co -4HB) drug loaded nanofibers in the development of biocompatible drug eluting stents by directly coating a metal stent with a homogeneous layer of electrospun polymer.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44321298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-09DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.1
P. Morganti
Circular Economy will offer a major opportunity to increase resource productivity, decrease consume and waste dependence, offering the opportunity to create new employment and growth. At this purpose, today, science provides evidence that this new economical vision, enabled by the bio-nanotechnology revolution, could generate by 2030 to Europe's economy, a primary resource benefits of as much as € 0.6 trillion per year [1,2]. In addition and under the anchor points of the EU normative (Figure 1) [3], it could generate €1.2 trillion in non-resource and externality benefits, bringing the annual total benefits to around €1.8 trillion versus to day [1,2]. Thus, the necessity to increase the resource efficiency, use agricultural and industrial by-products as raw materials, and minimize both greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and waste, for reducing the fossil-based products and *Address correspondence to this author at the Secretary General, International Society of Cosmetic Dermatology, Roma, Italy; RD Tel: +39 069286261; Fax: +39 069281523; E-mail: pierfrancesco.morganti@mavicosmetics.it, info@iscd.it maintaining the human wellbeing and the environment biodiversity.
{"title":"Circular Economy: A New Horizon for Bio-Nanocomposites from Waste Materials","authors":"P. Morganti","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Circular Economy will offer a major opportunity to increase resource productivity, decrease consume and waste dependence, offering the opportunity to create new employment and growth. At this purpose, today, science provides evidence that this new economical vision, enabled by the bio-nanotechnology revolution, could generate by 2030 to Europe's economy, a primary resource benefits of as much as € 0.6 trillion per year [1,2]. In addition and under the anchor points of the EU normative (Figure 1) [3], it could generate €1.2 trillion in non-resource and externality benefits, bringing the annual total benefits to around €1.8 trillion versus to day [1,2]. Thus, the necessity to increase the resource efficiency, use agricultural and industrial by-products as raw materials, and minimize both greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and waste, for reducing the fossil-based products and *Address correspondence to this author at the Secretary General, International Society of Cosmetic Dermatology, Roma, Italy; RD Tel: +39 069286261; Fax: +39 069281523; E-mail: pierfrancesco.morganti@mavicosmetics.it, info@iscd.it maintaining the human wellbeing and the environment biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.5
K. V. Prashija, K. Parthasarathi
We aimed to recycle the agroindustrial waste resources - pressmud(PM), sugarcane trash (ST) and biomethanated distillery effluent(BE) and produced agronomic valid vermicompost using earthworm, Perionyx excavatus for maintaining natural soil organic and sustainable agricultural activity. Therefore, a series of studies were carried out to convert PM-ST-BE in different proportion vermibeds (T1-1000g PM+0g ST+790ml BE), (T2- 900g PM+100g ST+740ml BE), (T3-800g PM+200g ST+696ml BE), (T4-700g PM +300g ST+655ml BE), (T5-600g PM+400g ST+625ml BE) and (T6-500g PM+500g ST+542ml BE) into vermicompost. The study was to examine the activity of earthworm- growth, reproduction, vermicompost recovery and its nutrient status. The pronounced and better worm activity was found in all vermibeds, especially more in T1 and T3 vermibeds followed by others. This seems to be due to rich cellulose, OC, N, P, microbial activity, enhanced water holding capacity and palatability of the substrates. Enhanced microbial activity, humic acid content, NPK, normalized pH, declined OC, C-N, and C-P ratio, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and phenol in vermicompost than normal compost and control. The increased microbial-enzymatic activities contribute an increase in nutrients through nitrification, phosphate solubilization and mineralization. Reduction of OC, C-N, C-P ratio, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and phenol in the vermicompost are due to combined action of gut microflaura and earthworm during the vermicomposting process and utilization of these contents by the worm for their growth and reproduction. Finally, our study recommended for the production and application of vermifertilizer from lignocellulosic wastes using vermitechnology for sustainable activity.
{"title":"Management of Agroindustrial Lignocellulosic Wastes through Vermitechnology and Production of Agronomic Valid Vermicompost","authors":"K. V. Prashija, K. Parthasarathi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to recycle the agroindustrial waste resources - pressmud(PM), sugarcane trash (ST) and biomethanated distillery effluent(BE) and produced agronomic valid vermicompost using earthworm, Perionyx excavatus for maintaining natural soil organic and sustainable agricultural activity. Therefore, a series of studies were carried out to convert PM-ST-BE in different proportion vermibeds (T1-1000g PM+0g ST+790ml BE), (T2- 900g PM+100g ST+740ml BE), (T3-800g PM+200g ST+696ml BE), (T4-700g PM +300g ST+655ml BE), (T5-600g PM+400g ST+625ml BE) and (T6-500g PM+500g ST+542ml BE) into vermicompost. The study was to examine the activity of earthworm- growth, reproduction, vermicompost recovery and its nutrient status. The pronounced and better worm activity was found in all vermibeds, especially more in T1 and T3 vermibeds followed by others. This seems to be due to rich cellulose, OC, N, P, microbial activity, enhanced water holding capacity and palatability of the substrates. Enhanced microbial activity, humic acid content, NPK, normalized pH, declined OC, C-N, and C-P ratio, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and phenol in vermicompost than normal compost and control. The increased microbial-enzymatic activities contribute an increase in nutrients through nitrification, phosphate solubilization and mineralization. Reduction of OC, C-N, C-P ratio, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and phenol in the vermicompost are due to combined action of gut microflaura and earthworm during the vermicomposting process and utilization of these contents by the worm for their growth and reproduction. Finally, our study recommended for the production and application of vermifertilizer from lignocellulosic wastes using vermitechnology for sustainable activity.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.3
Nikolas Tsakiris, Theodoros Manavis, A. Bekatorou
Wine is an agricultural product with very high commerce price variation, which is highly affected by quality ratings. Therefore, quality rating is particularly important for both industry and consumers. However, absence of clear concepts on what constitutes wine quality makes the perception of quality highly subjective, and it is usual for tasters to disagree on the quality rating of a specific wine. For this purpose, a Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) could be trained in order to predict wine quality. In this study, a new FNN method was developed to predict the accurate wine quality based on major sensory characteristics as FNN inputs, and to improve the ability of a taster, groups of tasters, or consumers, to rate wine by taking into account previous decisions. Specifically, five principle sensory characteristics of wines were used as inputs (Aging in Barrel, Aroma Intensity, Body, Astringency, and Acidity) in a rating range 1-3. As outputs, the quality ratings of wines in a range 70-100 were considered. The FNN was created in MATLAB with 1 hidden layer, 5 neurons and 1 output layer. For ratings divided in 5 categories the accuracy was 53% with the use of the FNN, as opposed to the accuracy of 36% achieved by Multiple Linear Regression. For ratings divided in 9 categories the accuracy was 90%. This method may allow each individual or group of tasters to introduce their own data to produce a more objective rating by taking into account previous decisions (subjective) that have accumulated in the database.
{"title":"Evaluation of Wines Rating Based on Sensory Characteristics Using Neural Networks","authors":"Nikolas Tsakiris, Theodoros Manavis, A. Bekatorou","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Wine is an agricultural product with very high commerce price variation, which is highly affected by quality ratings. Therefore, quality rating is particularly important for both industry and consumers. However, absence of clear concepts on what constitutes wine quality makes the perception of quality highly subjective, and it is usual for tasters to disagree on the quality rating of a specific wine. For this purpose, a Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) could be trained in order to predict wine quality. In this study, a new FNN method was developed to predict the accurate wine quality based on major sensory characteristics as FNN inputs, and to improve the ability of a taster, groups of tasters, or consumers, to rate wine by taking into account previous decisions. Specifically, five principle sensory characteristics of wines were used as inputs (Aging in Barrel, Aroma Intensity, Body, Astringency, and Acidity) in a rating range 1-3. As outputs, the quality ratings of wines in a range 70-100 were considered. The FNN was created in MATLAB with 1 hidden layer, 5 neurons and 1 output layer. For ratings divided in 5 categories the accuracy was 53% with the use of the FNN, as opposed to the accuracy of 36% achieved by Multiple Linear Regression. For ratings divided in 9 categories the accuracy was 90%. This method may allow each individual or group of tasters to introduce their own data to produce a more objective rating by taking into account previous decisions (subjective) that have accumulated in the database.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.2
K. Peng, D. Harun, M. Amin, K. Long
The antimicrobial capability of oil containing medium-chain fatty acids and their corresponding monoglycerides, known as Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) against microorganisms isolated from bovine mastitis milk was studied. EVCO contains an effective amount of medium-chain free fatty acids (caprylic, capric and lauric acid) and their corresponding derivatives (monocaprylin, monocaprin and monolaurin) can act as antimicrobial agent with broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties. An in vitro assessment of EVCO against bovine mastitis microorganisms isolated from locally collected mastitis milk samples was conducted to determine its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC >99 ). In general, EVCO exhibited its great antimicrobial capability to kill all mastitis microorganisms isolated from the mastitis milk sample at different concentrations of MBC >99 value. In fact, EVCO was found more effective to kill Mycoplasma sp. and gram positive microbes rather than gram negative microbes, especially in Mycoplasma bovis, Acholeplasma oculi , Enterococcus sp. , Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus with lower MBC >99 values in comparison with the synthetic antibiotic, Mastivet. A further investigation of the antimicrobial activities of EVCO against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma bovis against time revealed that EVCO was more efficient in killing these two microorganisms in a shorter time at a lower concentration as opposed to Mastivet. These findings indicated that EVCO has great potential application in postmilking teat germicide, which can be used as a preventive measure to control mastitis cases, especially against environmental mastitis pathogens.
{"title":"Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) as Natural Postmilking Teat Germicide to Control Environmental Mastitis Pathogens","authors":"K. Peng, D. Harun, M. Amin, K. Long","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial capability of oil containing medium-chain fatty acids and their corresponding monoglycerides, known as Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) against microorganisms isolated from bovine mastitis milk was studied. EVCO contains an effective amount of medium-chain free fatty acids (caprylic, capric and lauric acid) and their corresponding derivatives (monocaprylin, monocaprin and monolaurin) can act as antimicrobial agent with broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties. An in vitro assessment of EVCO against bovine mastitis microorganisms isolated from locally collected mastitis milk samples was conducted to determine its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC >99 ). In general, EVCO exhibited its great antimicrobial capability to kill all mastitis microorganisms isolated from the mastitis milk sample at different concentrations of MBC >99 value. In fact, EVCO was found more effective to kill Mycoplasma sp. and gram positive microbes rather than gram negative microbes, especially in Mycoplasma bovis, Acholeplasma oculi , Enterococcus sp. , Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus with lower MBC >99 values in comparison with the synthetic antibiotic, Mastivet. A further investigation of the antimicrobial activities of EVCO against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma bovis against time revealed that EVCO was more efficient in killing these two microorganisms in a shorter time at a lower concentration as opposed to Mastivet. These findings indicated that EVCO has great potential application in postmilking teat germicide, which can be used as a preventive measure to control mastitis cases, especially against environmental mastitis pathogens.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.4
E. Gomaa, N. Esmaiel, M. Salem, S. Gomaa
Phytochemical screening (saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides) of four medicinal plant seeds ( Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba), Moringa oleifera and Datura metel ) extracted by aqueous, ethanol and Folch solvents, were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three types of plant pathogenic fungi namely; Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, in addition to four types of bacteria, namely; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pesudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion paper. Results revealed that different concentrations of aqueous extracts were more effective against bacterial activity compared to fungal activity, except for D. metel aqueous extract which showed no antifungal effect and very weak effect on only two of the tested bacteria. B. cereus was more sensitive to J. curcas aqueous extract, while P. aeruginosa was more sensitive to S. chinensis and M. oleifera aqueous extracts . On the other hand, results showed that J. curcas and M. oleifera ethanol extracts were more effective on Staph. aureus growth, while S. chinensis and D. metel did not have any effect on any of the fungi or bacteria under study. The evaluation of the antifungal and antibacterial effect did not confirm the broad spectrum of S. chinensis Folch extract, while M. oleifera and D. metel were more effective on reducing R. solani growth. Also F. oxysporum was affected by J. curcas Folch extract only at high concentrations. These findings support that the traditional use of the plant extracts in the treatment of different infections caused by pathogenic microbes is valuable and should be taken in consideration.
{"title":"In Vitro Screening for Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Seed Extracts","authors":"E. Gomaa, N. Esmaiel, M. Salem, S. Gomaa","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical screening (saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides) of four medicinal plant seeds ( Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba), Moringa oleifera and Datura metel ) extracted by aqueous, ethanol and Folch solvents, were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three types of plant pathogenic fungi namely; Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, in addition to four types of bacteria, namely; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pesudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion paper. Results revealed that different concentrations of aqueous extracts were more effective against bacterial activity compared to fungal activity, except for D. metel aqueous extract which showed no antifungal effect and very weak effect on only two of the tested bacteria. B. cereus was more sensitive to J. curcas aqueous extract, while P. aeruginosa was more sensitive to S. chinensis and M. oleifera aqueous extracts . On the other hand, results showed that J. curcas and M. oleifera ethanol extracts were more effective on Staph. aureus growth, while S. chinensis and D. metel did not have any effect on any of the fungi or bacteria under study. The evaluation of the antifungal and antibacterial effect did not confirm the broad spectrum of S. chinensis Folch extract, while M. oleifera and D. metel were more effective on reducing R. solani growth. Also F. oxysporum was affected by J. curcas Folch extract only at high concentrations. These findings support that the traditional use of the plant extracts in the treatment of different infections caused by pathogenic microbes is valuable and should be taken in consideration.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.5
J. Saha, S. Chakraborty, S. C. Deka
Fern is a seedless vascular plant that reproduces via spores and has various usefulness. This study was carried out to optimize the conditions of leaf protein concentrate extraction using ultrasound from defatted fern type Diplazium esculentum. The extraction of defatted fern protein was conducted using ultrasound. Rotatable central composite design (RCCD) of response surface methodology was used for identification of the best condition and extraction yield optimization. An attempt with genetic algorithm optimization was also carried out and revealed that optimized results were of highest desirability as compared to response surface methodology. The final optimum results, by using genetic algorithm was observed to be 21.12 min of sonication time, 56.88 °C temperature, 7.59 pH and 66.2 ml of solvent for an optimum protein yield of 33.79% where desirability value was 1.00. UHPLC analysis of the sample revealed the presence of all the essential amino acids, except tryptophan.
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm in Optimization and Extraction of Leaf Protein Concentrate from Diplazium esculentum of Assam","authors":"J. Saha, S. Chakraborty, S. C. Deka","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.5","url":null,"abstract":"Fern is a seedless vascular plant that reproduces via spores and has various usefulness. This study was carried out to optimize the conditions of leaf protein concentrate extraction using ultrasound from defatted fern type Diplazium esculentum. The extraction of defatted fern protein was conducted using ultrasound. Rotatable central composite design (RCCD) of response surface methodology was used for identification of the best condition and extraction yield optimization. An attempt with genetic algorithm optimization was also carried out and revealed that optimized results were of highest desirability as compared to response surface methodology. The final optimum results, by using genetic algorithm was observed to be 21.12 min of sonication time, 56.88 °C temperature, 7.59 pH and 66.2 ml of solvent for an optimum protein yield of 33.79% where desirability value was 1.00. UHPLC analysis of the sample revealed the presence of all the essential amino acids, except tryptophan.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.4
Niraj Tripathi, Swapnil Sapre, I. Mishra, V. Prakash, S. Tiwari
Bioactive natural products are economically important as drugs, fragrances, pigments, food additives and pesticides. The biotechnological tools are important to select, multiply, improve and analyze medicinal plants for production of such products. The utilization of medicinal plant cells for the production of natural or recombinant compounds of commercial interest has gained increasing attention over the past decades. Plant tissue culture systems are possible source of valuable medicinal compounds, fragrances and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. In vitro production of bioactive natural products in plant cell suspension culture has been reported from various medicinal plants and bioreactors are the key step towards commercial production. Genetic transformation is a powerful tool for enhancing the productivity of novel products; especially by Agrobacterium tumefacians . Combinatorial biosynthesis is another approach in the generation of novel natural products and for the production of rare and expensive natural products. Recent advances in the molecular biology, enzymology and bioreactor technology of plant cell culture suggest that these systems may become a viable source of important secondary metabolites. Genetic fingerprinting could be a powerful tool in the field of medicinal plants to be used for correct germplasm identification. In addition, when linked to emerging tools such as metabolomics and proteomics, providing fingerprints of the plant’s metabolites or protein composition, it gives data on phenotypic variation, caused by growth conditions or environmental factors, and also yield data on the genes involved in the biosynthesis. DNA profiling techniques like DNA microarrays serve as suitable high throughput tools for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and analysis of gene expression that becomes necessary for providing clues about regulatory mechanisms, biochemical pathways and broader cellular functions. New and powerful tools in functional genomics can be used in combination with metabolomics to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of natural products.
{"title":"Bioactive Natural Products from Plants and Biotechnological Approaches for their Production","authors":"Niraj Tripathi, Swapnil Sapre, I. Mishra, V. Prakash, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive natural products are economically important as drugs, fragrances, pigments, food additives and pesticides. The biotechnological tools are important to select, multiply, improve and analyze medicinal plants for production of such products. The utilization of medicinal plant cells for the production of natural or recombinant compounds of commercial interest has gained increasing attention over the past decades. Plant tissue culture systems are possible source of valuable medicinal compounds, fragrances and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. In vitro production of bioactive natural products in plant cell suspension culture has been reported from various medicinal plants and bioreactors are the key step towards commercial production. Genetic transformation is a powerful tool for enhancing the productivity of novel products; especially by Agrobacterium tumefacians . Combinatorial biosynthesis is another approach in the generation of novel natural products and for the production of rare and expensive natural products. Recent advances in the molecular biology, enzymology and bioreactor technology of plant cell culture suggest that these systems may become a viable source of important secondary metabolites. Genetic fingerprinting could be a powerful tool in the field of medicinal plants to be used for correct germplasm identification. In addition, when linked to emerging tools such as metabolomics and proteomics, providing fingerprints of the plant’s metabolites or protein composition, it gives data on phenotypic variation, caused by growth conditions or environmental factors, and also yield data on the genes involved in the biosynthesis. DNA profiling techniques like DNA microarrays serve as suitable high throughput tools for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and analysis of gene expression that becomes necessary for providing clues about regulatory mechanisms, biochemical pathways and broader cellular functions. New and powerful tools in functional genomics can be used in combination with metabolomics to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of natural products.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"91-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.1
Mohammad Ashraduzzaman, M. A. Alam, S. Khatun, N. Absar
The antimicrobial activity of three varieties of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp seed oil (LBS-1, LBS-2 and LBS-3) were investigated against five Gram positive bacteria ( Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus ) and four Gram negative ( Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella shiga ) and four fungi ( Penicilium spp., Mucor spp., Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatius ). The LBS-1 oil at the concentration of 400 I¼g/ disc showed the highest activity against Sarcina lutea (19±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-2 (14±0.3 mm) and LBS-3 (12±0.3 mm) oil whereas LBS-3 oil showed highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus (16±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-1 (10±0.6 mm) and LBS-2 (13±0.4 mm) oil. All the three oils are active against the three tested fungi namely Penicilium spp., Mucor spp. and Candida albicans but showed no sensitivity against Aspergillus fumigatius .
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Seed Oil","authors":"Mohammad Ashraduzzaman, M. A. Alam, S. Khatun, N. Absar","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activity of three varieties of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp seed oil (LBS-1, LBS-2 and LBS-3) were investigated against five Gram positive bacteria ( Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus ) and four Gram negative ( Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella shiga ) and four fungi ( Penicilium spp., Mucor spp., Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatius ). The LBS-1 oil at the concentration of 400 I¼g/ disc showed the highest activity against Sarcina lutea (19±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-2 (14±0.3 mm) and LBS-3 (12±0.3 mm) oil whereas LBS-3 oil showed highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus (16±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-1 (10±0.6 mm) and LBS-2 (13±0.4 mm) oil. All the three oils are active against the three tested fungi namely Penicilium spp., Mucor spp. and Candida albicans but showed no sensitivity against Aspergillus fumigatius .","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.3
T. Idoui, M. Sifour
This study was aimed at selecting novel strains of Lactobacillus from crop of Algerian poultry. One hundred forty (140) lactobacilli strains were isolated and examined for their potentiality probiotic properties. From these isolated strains, nine appear to possess a probiotic value and highlighted a noticeable heterogeneity. The isolate L. plantarum G 1 showed the best inhibitory activity against several indicator strains. Furthermore, the results showed that culture and neutralized supernatants exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against strains of enterobacteria from poultry origin. The tested strains were acid resistant and were also bile tolerant. Antibiotic resistance, co-aggregation activity and hydrophobicity percentage were strain-dependent. Moreover, six strains were able to adhere to epithelial cells. Finally, six Lactobacillus strains, such as strain L. plantarum G 1, L. plantarum PC 2 , L. viridesencs G 3 , L. helveticus PC 6 , L. delbrueckii ssp delbrueckii G 7 and L. fermentum PC 8 , showed essential probiotic properties. The identity of the best strain L. plantarum G1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence using PCR.
本研究旨在从阿尔及利亚家禽作物中筛选出新的乳杆菌菌株。分离了140株乳酸菌，并对其潜在的益生菌特性进行了检测。从这些分离菌株中，有9株似乎具有益生菌价值，并突出了明显的异质性。分离物植物乳杆菌g1对几种指标菌株的抑菌活性最好。此外，结果表明，培养和中和的上清液对家禽源肠杆菌菌株表现出不同程度的抑制活性。试验菌株耐酸，也耐胆汁。抗生素耐药性、共聚集活性和疏水性百分比与菌株有关。此外，6株菌株能够粘附上皮细胞。最后，菌株L. plantarum g1、L. plantarum pc2、L. viridess g3、L. helveticus pc6、L. delbrueckii ssp delbrueckii g7和L. fermentum pc8等6株乳酸菌均表现出必需的益生菌特性。通过16S rRNA基因序列对最佳菌株植物乳杆菌G1进行了鉴定。
{"title":"Novel Isolates of Lactobacilli from Crop of Algerian Poultry as Potential Probiotic for Food Industry","authors":"T. Idoui, M. Sifour","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at selecting novel strains of Lactobacillus from crop of Algerian poultry. One hundred forty (140) lactobacilli strains were isolated and examined for their potentiality probiotic properties. From these isolated strains, nine appear to possess a probiotic value and highlighted a noticeable heterogeneity. The isolate L. plantarum G 1 showed the best inhibitory activity against several indicator strains. Furthermore, the results showed that culture and neutralized supernatants exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against strains of enterobacteria from poultry origin. The tested strains were acid resistant and were also bile tolerant. Antibiotic resistance, co-aggregation activity and hydrophobicity percentage were strain-dependent. Moreover, six strains were able to adhere to epithelial cells. Finally, six Lactobacillus strains, such as strain L. plantarum G 1, L. plantarum PC 2 , L. viridesencs G 3 , L. helveticus PC 6 , L. delbrueckii ssp delbrueckii G 7 and L. fermentum PC 8 , showed essential probiotic properties. The identity of the best strain L. plantarum G1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence using PCR.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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