Pub Date : 2016-01-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.2
A. M. Danial, K. Peng, K. Long
L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) the precursor of neurotransmitter dopamine is used in the management of Parkinson disease and effective in controlling diabetic state. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid is known to have many pharmacological functions and plays a major role in inhibiting neurotransmitter in brain. Whereas essential amino acids can’t synthesize in human body and it must be taken from foods to maintain good immune function. This study aims to evaluate the enrichment of mung bean with L-DOPA, GABA and essential amino acids via controlled solid state fermentation using Rhizopus strain 5351. Fermentation was carried out for a duration up to 48 h at 30 °C and the samples were analyzed at certain time intervals. The concentration of glucosamine and I²-glucosidase, which indicated the growth of fungal was noted low at the early growth stage (0 to 10 h), but it was observing increased linearly within 18 to 48 h growth periods. The L-DOPA was produced after 10 h fermentation time (0.008 g/100 g dry weight, DW) and the highest yield of L-DOPA content (0.07 g/100 g DW) was attained at the fermentation time of 28 h. However, the concentration of L-DOPA was noted decreased after that. The protease activity, free and essential amino acids content also showed a drastic increment within the fermentation period of 10 to 38 h. The highest content of free and essential amino acids (FAAs and EAAs) and the protease activity of fermented mung bean were exhibited at 38 h incubation time, which were 3.74 g/100 g DW, 1.43 g/100 g DW and 18.4 U/g dry weight, respectively. The GABA content of fermented mung bean was found low (0.019 - 0.021 g/100 g DW) at early incubation time (0-10 h), however, it showed a drastic increment in the fermented mung bean after 18 h (0.132 g/100 g DW) and continuously increased until 38 h (0.198 g/100 g DW). This study showed the potential of solid state fermentation as a good strategy to enrich the fermented mung bean with L-DOPA, GABA and other beneficial bioactive compounds which play an important role to maintain good health as it helps to enhance our immune system and regulating neurotransmitter function.
L-DOPA (l -3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸)是神经递质多巴胺的前体，用于帕金森病的治疗和糖尿病状态的控制。γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种非蛋白质氨基酸，具有多种药理作用，在抑制大脑神经递质中起重要作用。而必需氨基酸不能在人体内合成，必须从食物中摄取才能保持良好的免疫功能。利用根霉5351菌株对绿豆进行固态发酵，研究其对L-DOPA、GABA和必需氨基酸的富集效果。在30 °C下发酵48小时，每隔一段时间对样品进行分析。葡萄糖胺和I²-葡萄糖苷酶的浓度表明，真菌在生长初期(0 ~ 10 h)生长较低，但在生长18 ~ 48 h内呈线性增长。L-DOPA在发酵10 h后产生(0.008 g/100 g干重，DW)，发酵28 h时L-DOPA含量最高(0.07 g/100 g DW)，但发酵后L-DOPA浓度明显下降。发酵时间为10 ~ 38 h，发酵后绿豆的蛋白酶活性、游离氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量均显著增加，其中游离氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量(FAAs)和必需氨基酸含量(EAAs)在38 h达到最高，分别为3.74 g/100 g DW、1.43 g/100 g DW和18.4 U/g干重。发酵后绿豆中GABA含量在培养初期(0 ~ 10 h)较低(0.019 ~ 0.021 g/100 g DW)，但在培养18 h后急剧增加(0.132 g/100 g DW)，并持续增加至38 h (0.198 g/100 g DW)。该研究表明，固态发酵作为一种很好的策略，可以在发酵的绿豆中添加L-DOPA、GABA和其他有益的生物活性化合物，这些化合物有助于增强我们的免疫系统和调节神经递质功能，对保持健康起着重要作用。
{"title":"Enrichment of Mung Bean with L-DOPA, GABA, Essential Amino Acids via Controlled Biofermentation Strategy","authors":"A. M. Danial, K. Peng, K. Long","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) the precursor of neurotransmitter dopamine is used in the management of Parkinson disease and effective in controlling diabetic state. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid is known to have many pharmacological functions and plays a major role in inhibiting neurotransmitter in brain. Whereas essential amino acids can’t synthesize in human body and it must be taken from foods to maintain good immune function. This study aims to evaluate the enrichment of mung bean with L-DOPA, GABA and essential amino acids via controlled solid state fermentation using Rhizopus strain 5351. Fermentation was carried out for a duration up to 48 h at 30 °C and the samples were analyzed at certain time intervals. The concentration of glucosamine and I²-glucosidase, which indicated the growth of fungal was noted low at the early growth stage (0 to 10 h), but it was observing increased linearly within 18 to 48 h growth periods. The L-DOPA was produced after 10 h fermentation time (0.008 g/100 g dry weight, DW) and the highest yield of L-DOPA content (0.07 g/100 g DW) was attained at the fermentation time of 28 h. However, the concentration of L-DOPA was noted decreased after that. The protease activity, free and essential amino acids content also showed a drastic increment within the fermentation period of 10 to 38 h. The highest content of free and essential amino acids (FAAs and EAAs) and the protease activity of fermented mung bean were exhibited at 38 h incubation time, which were 3.74 g/100 g DW, 1.43 g/100 g DW and 18.4 U/g dry weight, respectively. The GABA content of fermented mung bean was found low (0.019 - 0.021 g/100 g DW) at early incubation time (0-10 h), however, it showed a drastic increment in the fermented mung bean after 18 h (0.132 g/100 g DW) and continuously increased until 38 h (0.198 g/100 g DW). This study showed the potential of solid state fermentation as a good strategy to enrich the fermented mung bean with L-DOPA, GABA and other beneficial bioactive compounds which play an important role to maintain good health as it helps to enhance our immune system and regulating neurotransmitter function.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.2
Siti Hajar Mat Sarip, A. Abdul-Aziz, H. Ya’akob, Khalidah Puad
The toxicological effect of lauric acid based insecticide was investigated in terms of mode of action on aphids target system. Treated leaves were sprayed with different insecticides, which were lauric acid, cinnamaldehyde and malathion at 50μg/ml concentration to compare the effect of the pesticides on reproduction, growth development and feeding activity of aphids. The total number of new born nymphs produced and the relative development stage of nymphs were significantly reduced in all treatments compared to untreated leaves. Number of new born nymphs treated using lauric acid based pesticide was 6.0 ± 1.41 nymphs/day and the growth development rate at second day post treatment was rDS=1.07 ± 0.10. This data showed no significant difference with the data obtained when cinnamaldehyde and malathion were used as positive controls but the results were significantly different from the results obtained using untreated leaves (22.5 ± 3.54 nymphs/day, rDS=1.82 ± 0.02). Lauric acid was also shown to reduce the feeding activity of aphids. The study demonstrated that lauric acid was toxic to aphids. It has the ability to slow down the reproduction system, reduce growth development rate and decrease feeding activity of aphids (Aphis gosyypii Glover).
{"title":"Toxicological Effect of Lauric Acid Based Insecticide on the Reproduction System , Growth Development and Feeding Activity of Aphids , Aphis gossypii","authors":"Siti Hajar Mat Sarip, A. Abdul-Aziz, H. Ya’akob, Khalidah Puad","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicological effect of lauric acid based insecticide was investigated in terms of mode of action on aphids target system. Treated leaves were sprayed with different insecticides, which were lauric acid, cinnamaldehyde and malathion at 50μg/ml concentration to compare the effect of the pesticides on reproduction, growth development and feeding activity of aphids. The total number of new born nymphs produced and the relative development stage of nymphs were significantly reduced in all treatments compared to untreated leaves. Number of new born nymphs treated using lauric acid based pesticide was 6.0 ± 1.41 nymphs/day and the growth development rate at second day post treatment was rDS=1.07 ± 0.10. This data showed no significant difference with the data obtained when cinnamaldehyde and malathion were used as positive controls but the results were significantly different from the results obtained using untreated leaves (22.5 ± 3.54 nymphs/day, rDS=1.82 ± 0.02). Lauric acid was also shown to reduce the feeding activity of aphids. The study demonstrated that lauric acid was toxic to aphids. It has the ability to slow down the reproduction system, reduce growth development rate and decrease feeding activity of aphids (Aphis gosyypii Glover).","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.1
A. Sundaresan, A. Selvi, H. K. Manonmani
Wheat grass, one of the members of Poaceae family, has been considered for very efficient therapeutic drugs. Current study was aimed at evaluation of antimicrobial properties of wheat grass extracts. The 7 th. , 14 th. , and 21 st. day wheat grass extracts of five different solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) were assayed for antimicrobial activity using turbidity tests. All these extracts showed antibacterial activity against seven food borne pathogens . Amongst them hexane extracts from 7 th day old wheat grass showed maximum antibacterial activity especially more against Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes . The HPLC purified extract was observed to create pores on the cell wall of the bacterial cells as observed under Scanning Electron Microscope and also influenced flattening and shrinkage of bacterial cells indicating probable effect on the membrane of the pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"The Anti-Microbial Properties of Triticum aestivum (Wheat Grass) Extract","authors":"A. Sundaresan, A. Selvi, H. K. Manonmani","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat grass, one of the members of Poaceae family, has been considered for very efficient therapeutic drugs. Current study was aimed at evaluation of antimicrobial properties of wheat grass extracts. The 7 th. , 14 th. , and 21 st. day wheat grass extracts of five different solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) were assayed for antimicrobial activity using turbidity tests. All these extracts showed antibacterial activity against seven food borne pathogens . Amongst them hexane extracts from 7 th day old wheat grass showed maximum antibacterial activity especially more against Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes . The HPLC purified extract was observed to create pores on the cell wall of the bacterial cells as observed under Scanning Electron Microscope and also influenced flattening and shrinkage of bacterial cells indicating probable effect on the membrane of the pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.2
Raghavendra Krishnappa, Rajendran Paramasivam
FluDen Primer Database (http://www.fludenpdb.com) has been designed and developed as a web application program to provide free access to the in-silico designed multiple potential primers for PCR detection and quantification assays for Influenza and dengue viruses. This program also permits user to submit sequence of their choice for primer design. The database contains primer records for Influenza and dengue viruses which cause infection in Humans. As of 2014 there are 142 primer sets for screening 32 genes/regions of Influenza and dengue viruses together. Application contain gene information, assay details such as oligonucleotide sequence, primer properties and reaction conditions, publication information. We have developed a resource, FluDen Primer DB which contains primer that can be used for PCR under provided amplification conditions for each primer pair. A distinguish feature of the FlueDen is the primers listed in DB are the products of PCR design application which are experimentally validated. Primers for the FluDen were designed using current genomic information available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
FluDen引物数据库(http://www.fludenpdb.com)是一个web应用程序，为流感和登革热病毒的PCR检测和定量分析提供免费的计算机设计的多种潜在引物。该程序还允许用户提交他们选择的引物设计序列。该数据库包含引起人类感染的流感病毒和登革热病毒的引物记录。截至2014年，共有142个引物组用于筛查流感病毒和登革热病毒的32个基因/区域。应用程序包含基因信息，分析细节，如寡核苷酸序列，引物性质和反应条件，出版物信息。我们开发了一个资源，FluDen Primer DB，其中包含可以用于PCR的引物，每个引物对在规定的扩增条件下进行PCR。FlueDen的一个显著特点是，数据库中列出的引物是PCR设计应用的产物，并经过实验验证。FluDen的引物是根据国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)提供的当前基因组信息设计的。
{"title":"FluDen Primer DB –PCR Primer Database for Influenza A and Dengue Virus","authors":"Raghavendra Krishnappa, Rajendran Paramasivam","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"FluDen Primer Database (http://www.fludenpdb.com) has been designed and developed as a web application program to provide free access to the in-silico designed multiple potential primers for PCR detection and quantification assays for Influenza and dengue viruses. This program also permits user to submit sequence of their choice for primer design. The database contains primer records for Influenza and dengue viruses which cause infection in Humans. As of 2014 there are 142 primer sets for screening 32 genes/regions of Influenza and dengue viruses together. Application contain gene information, assay details such as oligonucleotide sequence, primer properties and reaction conditions, publication information. We have developed a resource, FluDen Primer DB which contains primer that can be used for PCR under provided amplification conditions for each primer pair. A distinguish feature of the FlueDen is the primers listed in DB are the products of PCR design application which are experimentally validated. Primers for the FluDen were designed using current genomic information available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is important structure to maintaining the stabilization of central nervous system. It is composed of endothelial cell and tight junction, the basal lamina, astrocytic endfeet. BBB’s injuries is a important symbol when central nervous system generate lesion in cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury (CIRI), its’ the injury mechanism including that matrix metalloproteinases’ activity raise induce that basal lamina and extracellular matrix degradation, the augmentation of Aquaporin-4’s expression cause vasogenic edema, destruction of tight junction and decrease of related protein expression lead to raise of BBB permeability, the adhesion molecules and cytokines stimulate the inflammatory reaction, a lot of free radicals production and nitric oxide toxicity can pose the damage of endothelial cells and basal lamina. BBB’s protection mainly by reducing the change of BBB’s morphological structure; decreasing BBB’s permeability; reducing the harmful substances go into BBB; maintaining stabilize of central nervous system’s internal environment. Now the mechanism was constantly expounded that BBB’s injury, adjustment and repair, more and more medicines will be applied to the prevention and treatment of the BBB. In this paper, we will review about research progress on the injury mechanism of BBB and the protective effect of it.
{"title":"Research Progress on the Injury Mechanism and the Protective Effect of Blood-Brain Barrier","authors":"Hanwen Yan, Fangyan He, Wei-li Wang, Li-Song Liu, Qing Lin, Xiaohua Duan","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is important structure to maintaining the stabilization of central nervous system. It is composed of endothelial cell and tight junction, the basal lamina, astrocytic endfeet. BBB’s injuries is a important symbol when central nervous system generate lesion in cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury (CIRI), its’ the injury mechanism including that matrix metalloproteinases’ activity raise induce that basal lamina and extracellular matrix degradation, the augmentation of Aquaporin-4’s expression cause vasogenic edema, destruction of tight junction and decrease of related protein expression lead to raise of BBB permeability, the adhesion molecules and cytokines stimulate the inflammatory reaction, a lot of free radicals production and nitric oxide toxicity can pose the damage of endothelial cells and basal lamina. BBB’s protection mainly by reducing the change of BBB’s morphological structure; decreasing BBB’s permeability; reducing the harmful substances go into BBB; maintaining stabilize of central nervous system’s internal environment. Now the mechanism was constantly expounded that BBB’s injury, adjustment and repair, more and more medicines will be applied to the prevention and treatment of the BBB. In this paper, we will review about research progress on the injury mechanism of BBB and the protective effect of it.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-27DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.4
P. Maftoun, H. Johari, M. Soltani, Roslinda Abdul Malik, N. Othman, H. E. Enshasy
Mushrooms are macrofungi with numerous varieties and widely known as food and medicine in many ancient cultures. They are considered as potential source of many essential nutrients as well as therapeutic bioactive compounds and thus became one of the main components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in Japanese herbal medicine since more than two thousand years. The genus Pleurotus (widely known as oyster mushroom) is fast growing fungus belongs to basidiomycota group and considered as one of the famous species with many health benefits. Nowadays, seventy species of this genus has been discovered, but solely a few of them such as P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus are available in the market . The rich nutrients such as proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and lipids present this mushroom as famous healthy food. Furthermore, Bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid are extracted from various species of Pleurotus tends the researcher to investigate more on this beneficial genus. This work is focused on reviewing the recent work published in the biodiversity and nutritional content of Pleurotus spp .
{"title":"The Edible Mushroom Pleurotus spp.: I. Biodiversity and Nutritional Values","authors":"P. Maftoun, H. Johari, M. Soltani, Roslinda Abdul Malik, N. Othman, H. E. Enshasy","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms are macrofungi with numerous varieties and widely known as food and medicine in many ancient cultures. They are considered as potential source of many essential nutrients as well as therapeutic bioactive compounds and thus became one of the main components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in Japanese herbal medicine since more than two thousand years. The genus Pleurotus (widely known as oyster mushroom) is fast growing fungus belongs to basidiomycota group and considered as one of the famous species with many health benefits. Nowadays, seventy species of this genus has been discovered, but solely a few of them such as P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus are available in the market . The rich nutrients such as proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and lipids present this mushroom as famous healthy food. Furthermore, Bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid are extracted from various species of Pleurotus tends the researcher to investigate more on this beneficial genus. This work is focused on reviewing the recent work published in the biodiversity and nutritional content of Pleurotus spp .","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"67-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacology of Chinese materia medica use modern scientific methods based on the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to study the interactional regulations between the body and Chinese materia medica. It aims to explain the mechanism and the scientific basis of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine. Research team has found that Yinqiao Powder has good effect on the mouse model of upper respiratory trace mucosal immunity dysfunction induced by cold stimulation with bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the function of Yinqiao Powder in the prevention and in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) cannot be explained only by antibacterial and antiviral properties. The effects of Yinqiao Powder on AURI may be mediated by the improvement of the function of upper respiratory mucosal immune system.
{"title":"The Effects and Mechanism of Yinqiao Powder on Upper Respiratory Tract Infection","authors":"Li-Song Liu, N. Lei, Qing Lin, Wei-li Wang, Hanwen Yan, Xiaohua Duan","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacology of Chinese materia medica use modern scientific methods based on the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to study the interactional regulations between the body and Chinese materia medica. It aims to explain the mechanism and the scientific basis of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine. Research team has found that Yinqiao Powder has good effect on the mouse model of upper respiratory trace mucosal immunity dysfunction induced by cold stimulation with bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the function of Yinqiao Powder in the prevention and in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) cannot be explained only by antibacterial and antiviral properties. The effects of Yinqiao Powder on AURI may be mediated by the improvement of the function of upper respiratory mucosal immune system.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nervous system diseases are easy to get and hard to cure. The mechanism is bound up with nervous cells injure, so it’s significant to study medicine protect nervous cells injure. We need find an ideal model to study these diseases. PC12 cell is a pheochromocytoma cell line from RattusNorvegicus , because it has some characters of nerve cells and easy to cultivate and passage, these cells have been proved to be a useful cell model to study nervous physiology and pharmacology. There are several of PC12 cells, American type culture collection supply two kinds of PC12 cell named PC12 cell and PC12Adh. There are high differentiation, low differentiation and undifferentiating in domestic. Although they are very similar, there are still some differences, and not every PC12 cell is effective for every experimental model. After compared, we hold that PC12Adh cell line is more suitable for neurite outgrowth studies under ROCK inhibitor than the PC12 cell line, PC12 cells that induced by NGF and high differentiated PC12 cell are similar to cerebral cortical neurons, they are suitable for various physiological and pathological study of nervous system. Undifferentiated PC12 cells due to low levels of dopamine, therefore it is not suitable for study on neural cells.
{"title":"Current Situation of PC12 Cell Use in Neuronal Injury Study","authors":"Wei-li Wang, Rong Dai, Hanwen Yan, Chun-Ni Han, Li-Song Liu, Xiaohua Duan","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"The nervous system diseases are easy to get and hard to cure. The mechanism is bound up with nervous cells injure, so it’s significant to study medicine protect nervous cells injure. We need find an ideal model to study these diseases. PC12 cell is a pheochromocytoma cell line from RattusNorvegicus , because it has some characters of nerve cells and easy to cultivate and passage, these cells have been proved to be a useful cell model to study nervous physiology and pharmacology. There are several of PC12 cells, American type culture collection supply two kinds of PC12 cell named PC12 cell and PC12Adh. There are high differentiation, low differentiation and undifferentiating in domestic. Although they are very similar, there are still some differences, and not every PC12 cell is effective for every experimental model. After compared, we hold that PC12Adh cell line is more suitable for neurite outgrowth studies under ROCK inhibitor than the PC12 cell line, PC12 cells that induced by NGF and high differentiated PC12 cell are similar to cerebral cortical neurons, they are suitable for various physiological and pathological study of nervous system. Undifferentiated PC12 cells due to low levels of dopamine, therefore it is not suitable for study on neural cells.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-08DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.3
N. Thajuddin, A. Ilavarasi, E. Baldev, D. MubarakAli, N. S. Alharbi, A. Chinnathambi, S. Alharbi
Microalgae are expected to play promising role in the production of biofuel in current research. Two of marine diatoms, Navicula sp. and Amphora sp. were isolated and their growth rate was also studied. Total lipid content was analyzed in stationary growth state under normal conditions. By the two stage process, both the diatoms were subjected to nitrogen and silicon undersupplied for five days and the total lipid accumulation in the diatoms were found to be increased during nutrient deficiency period. The nutrient deficit conditions prone to increased total lipid content and also altered the fatty acid profile in diatom. The total lipid content of Navicula sp. and Amphora sp. were found to be 34.93% DCW and 41.10% DCW under normal conditions and in nitrogen deficiency conditions it has been increased to 60.71% DCW and 64.72% DCW respectively. The major fatty acids were found to be cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid (27.54%) and stearic acid (24.57%). The level of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were found to be high in both the diatoms. The presence of low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids indicated that these two organisms could find future application in bioenergy production.
{"title":"Stress Induced Lipids Accumulation in Naviculoid Marine Diatoms for Bioenergy Application","authors":"N. Thajuddin, A. Ilavarasi, E. Baldev, D. MubarakAli, N. S. Alharbi, A. Chinnathambi, S. Alharbi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are expected to play promising role in the production of biofuel in current research. Two of marine diatoms, Navicula sp. and Amphora sp. were isolated and their growth rate was also studied. Total lipid content was analyzed in stationary growth state under normal conditions. By the two stage process, both the diatoms were subjected to nitrogen and silicon undersupplied for five days and the total lipid accumulation in the diatoms were found to be increased during nutrient deficiency period. The nutrient deficit conditions prone to increased total lipid content and also altered the fatty acid profile in diatom. The total lipid content of Navicula sp. and Amphora sp. were found to be 34.93% DCW and 41.10% DCW under normal conditions and in nitrogen deficiency conditions it has been increased to 60.71% DCW and 64.72% DCW respectively. The major fatty acids were found to be cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid (27.54%) and stearic acid (24.57%). The level of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were found to be high in both the diatoms. The presence of low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids indicated that these two organisms could find future application in bioenergy production.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-08DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.1
J. Fernández‐López, M. Amensour, E. Sendra, J. Pérez-Álvarez, J. Abrini
The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of water myrtle extracts (0.25 and 0.50%) were investigated against lipid oxidation (tiobarbituric acid reactive substances – TBARS) and microbial growth in vacuum-packed chicken frankfurters stored at 4±1ÂoC for 35 days. The effects of this extract on compositional, physicho-chemical and sensory characteristics of chicken frankfurters were also determined. Results showed that water myrtle extracts possess antioxidant (lower TBARS values that remained stable during the 35 days of storage) and antimicrobial properties (lower aerobic plate count) that may make them useful in the food industry. The addition of water myrtle extracts to frankfurters increased red/green and yellow/blue coordinates and decreased lightness values, which could indicate that Myrtus comunnis extract can also acts as a colorant in this type of meat products. Frankfurters with water myrtle extracts were scored similar to controls for overall appearance.
{"title":"Effect of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) Extracts on Storage Stability of Chicken Frankfurters","authors":"J. Fernández‐López, M. Amensour, E. Sendra, J. Pérez-Álvarez, J. Abrini","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of water myrtle extracts (0.25 and 0.50%) were investigated against lipid oxidation (tiobarbituric acid reactive substances – TBARS) and microbial growth in vacuum-packed chicken frankfurters stored at 4±1ÂoC for 35 days. The effects of this extract on compositional, physicho-chemical and sensory characteristics of chicken frankfurters were also determined. Results showed that water myrtle extracts possess antioxidant (lower TBARS values that remained stable during the 35 days of storage) and antimicrobial properties (lower aerobic plate count) that may make them useful in the food industry. The addition of water myrtle extracts to frankfurters increased red/green and yellow/blue coordinates and decreased lightness values, which could indicate that Myrtus comunnis extract can also acts as a colorant in this type of meat products. Frankfurters with water myrtle extracts were scored similar to controls for overall appearance.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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