Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.01
S. Selvamani, H. El-Enshasy, D. Dailin, R. Malek, S. Z. Hanapi, K. K. Ambehabati, D. Sukmawati, O. M. Leng, Neo Moloi
Mushrooms have been used since centuries in many ancient cultures as source of food and medicine. However, until now the therapeutic values of mushrooms position this group of macrofungi as one of the major component in traditional medicine practice especially in South East Asia and China. Of different species of known mushrooms, Pleurotus spp. is widely known as part of food chain based on its high nutritional value. However, of the more than 70 species known, only few species are cultivated in mass production and used such as P. ostreatus, P. florida, and P. ajor-caju. However, P. ostreatus (widely known as oyster mushroom) received more attention in food industries based on its high growth rate and ease of cultivation using different substrates. This mushroom is rich of wide range of bioactive molecules of proven medicinal values with many therapeutic activities as anticancer, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, anti hypocholesterolemic, anti hyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporetic, and many others. This work focuses on reviewing on the different classes of oyster mushroom bioactive compounds of antioxidant activities such as phenolics, beta carotene, lycopene, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and ergosterols. This review provides also comprehensive information on the recent research to enhance the antioxidant properties through alteration of the cultivation strategy and addition of some compounds during the cultivation of P. ostreatus.
{"title":"Antioxidant Compounds of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus","authors":"S. Selvamani, H. El-Enshasy, D. Dailin, R. Malek, S. Z. Hanapi, K. K. Ambehabati, D. Sukmawati, O. M. Leng, Neo Moloi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms have been used since centuries in many ancient cultures as source of food and medicine. However, until now the therapeutic values of mushrooms position this group of macrofungi as one of the major component in traditional medicine practice especially in South East Asia and China. Of different species of known mushrooms, Pleurotus spp. is widely known as part of food chain based on its high nutritional value. However, of the more than 70 species known, only few species are cultivated in mass production and used such as P. ostreatus, P. florida, and P. ajor-caju. However, P. ostreatus (widely known as oyster mushroom) received more attention in food industries based on its high growth rate and ease of cultivation using different substrates. This mushroom is rich of wide range of bioactive molecules of proven medicinal values with many therapeutic activities as anticancer, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, anti hypocholesterolemic, anti hyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporetic, and many others. This work focuses on reviewing on the different classes of oyster mushroom bioactive compounds of antioxidant activities such as phenolics, beta carotene, lycopene, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and ergosterols. This review provides also comprehensive information on the recent research to enhance the antioxidant properties through alteration of the cultivation strategy and addition of some compounds during the cultivation of P. ostreatus.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.02
Siti Alyani binti Mat, N. Zainol, M. R. Sarmidi
: The purpose of dehydration process is to reduce moisture content to prolong shelf life, to promote convenience and at the same time to assist transportation of delicate and perishable products across long distances. Freeze drying is known as one of the best methods to retain quality compared to other dehydration processes. This is due to lower instances of rupture of the structure and minimal loss of nutrient. These parameters are important to consumers and also for the food industry. This mini-review compares methods of dehydration processes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages when used in combination with other technologies. Data compilation on nutritional properties and mineral components of tropical fruits, namely guava, pineapple, papaya and jackfruits which had underwent freeze drying technologies are also reviewed.
{"title":"Mini-Review of Dehydrated Products: Nutritional Properties and Mineral Components of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruits","authors":"Siti Alyani binti Mat, N. Zainol, M. R. Sarmidi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.02","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of dehydration process is to reduce moisture content to prolong shelf life, to promote convenience and at the same time to assist transportation of delicate and perishable products across long distances. Freeze drying is known as one of the best methods to retain quality compared to other dehydration processes. This is due to lower instances of rupture of the structure and minimal loss of nutrient. These parameters are important to consumers and also for the food industry. This mini-review compares methods of dehydration processes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages when used in combination with other technologies. Data compilation on nutritional properties and mineral components of tropical fruits, namely guava, pineapple, papaya and jackfruits which had underwent freeze drying technologies are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48969373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.1
C. Brigham
The polysaccharides chitin and chitosan are made up of monomer units of the amino sugars D-glucosamine and N -acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ratio of these two monomers dictates whether the polysaccharide is considered chitin or chitosan. Both polymers have unique properties and have uses in several diverse applications. In nature, chitin and chitosan primarily play a structural role. When purified from their producing organism, these polymers exhibit useful structural, chemical and biological properties. Chitin and chitosan have been used in several applications including biomedicine, food additives, cosmetics, and more. The charged chitosan polymer is especially effective in biomedical applications, as it has been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial properties. This review explores the properties of chitin and chitosan and how these biopolymers are used in a variety of healthcare and other applications.
{"title":"Chitin and Chitosan: Sustainable, Medically Relevant Biomaterials","authors":"C. Brigham","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"The polysaccharides chitin and chitosan are made up of monomer units of the amino sugars D-glucosamine and N -acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ratio of these two monomers dictates whether the polysaccharide is considered chitin or chitosan. Both polymers have unique properties and have uses in several diverse applications. In nature, chitin and chitosan primarily play a structural role. When purified from their producing organism, these polymers exhibit useful structural, chemical and biological properties. Chitin and chitosan have been used in several applications including biomedicine, food additives, cosmetics, and more. The charged chitosan polymer is especially effective in biomedical applications, as it has been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial properties. This review explores the properties of chitin and chitosan and how these biopolymers are used in a variety of healthcare and other applications.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.3
S. Rehman, Fahad Ali, Muhammad Usman Ahmad
Inter professional education (IPE) is the core concept of healthcare department in most of the developed countries on both student and professional level. There is no objection on its necessity. Top ranking universities of the world, especially of developed countries are working on IPE. But some of developing countries like Pakistan are almost unaware of this concept. No one is having the basic concept of IPE, except few, and they are not practicing in IPE so far. Talking about Punjab, there is no awareness for the concept of IPE. It is the need of our healthcare department that we must introduce IPE to improve healthcare quality. This survey was conducted to check the readiness for IPE among pharm D and MBBS students in different institutes of medicine and pharmacy of Lahore. Team went to different pharmacy and medical colleges and asked the students to fill in a questionnaire having 19 items, which was rated by the students on Likert scale. The result shows a conflict in the opinion of pharmacy and medical students. Team also interviewed the respondents shortly. This interview showed many reasons explained by medical students for their response but the most prominent one was the superiority complex. The need of the hour is to introduce IPE in universities for changing the attitude of medical students towards IPE.
{"title":"Interprofessional Education: A Basic Need of Healthcare Department in Pakistan","authors":"S. Rehman, Fahad Ali, Muhammad Usman Ahmad","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Inter professional education (IPE) is the core concept of healthcare department in most of the developed countries on both student and professional level. There is no objection on its necessity. Top ranking universities of the world, especially of developed countries are working on IPE. But some of developing countries like Pakistan are almost unaware of this concept. No one is having the basic concept of IPE, except few, and they are not practicing in IPE so far. Talking about Punjab, there is no awareness for the concept of IPE. It is the need of our healthcare department that we must introduce IPE to improve healthcare quality. This survey was conducted to check the readiness for IPE among pharm D and MBBS students in different institutes of medicine and pharmacy of Lahore. Team went to different pharmacy and medical colleges and asked the students to fill in a questionnaire having 19 items, which was rated by the students on Likert scale. The result shows a conflict in the opinion of pharmacy and medical students. Team also interviewed the respondents shortly. This interview showed many reasons explained by medical students for their response but the most prominent one was the superiority complex. The need of the hour is to introduce IPE in universities for changing the attitude of medical students towards IPE.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.2
S. Habaue, Y. Takahashi, H. Suzuki, Yuki Takamushi
The silicone polymers containing a silanol residue were synthesized from silica gel, while the polyurethanes (PUs) bearing a carboxyl moiety were prepared using 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (BHMPA) as one of the diol components. The fabrication of the PU films was carried out using these two polymers, then the tensile and thermal properties were investigated. Both the amounts of the carboxyl side groups of the PU chain and the residual silanol of the silicone polymer significantly affected the mechanical property of the film, in addition, the incorporation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was quite effective for enhancing the elastic modulus ( E ). As a result, the film prepared from the polyurethane containing the BHMPA unit with a combination of APTMS and the silicone polymer, having a proper amount of silanol groups, showed the highest effect ( E = 5.36 N/mm 2 ), while that observed for the film prepared without using BHMPA and a silicone polymer was 2.10 N/mm 2 . An acid-base interaction between the carboxyl moiety of the PU and amino group of APTMS occurred, while the formation of the siloxane linkage through the silylation reaction between the trimethoxysilyl group of APTMS and silanol also took place.
{"title":"Formation of Polyurethane Film Containing Silicone Polymer with Silanol Residue","authors":"S. Habaue, Y. Takahashi, H. Suzuki, Yuki Takamushi","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"The silicone polymers containing a silanol residue were synthesized from silica gel, while the polyurethanes (PUs) bearing a carboxyl moiety were prepared using 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (BHMPA) as one of the diol components. The fabrication of the PU films was carried out using these two polymers, then the tensile and thermal properties were investigated. Both the amounts of the carboxyl side groups of the PU chain and the residual silanol of the silicone polymer significantly affected the mechanical property of the film, in addition, the incorporation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was quite effective for enhancing the elastic modulus ( E ). As a result, the film prepared from the polyurethane containing the BHMPA unit with a combination of APTMS and the silicone polymer, having a proper amount of silanol groups, showed the highest effect ( E = 5.36 N/mm 2 ), while that observed for the film prepared without using BHMPA and a silicone polymer was 2.10 N/mm 2 . An acid-base interaction between the carboxyl moiety of the PU and amino group of APTMS occurred, while the formation of the siloxane linkage through the silylation reaction between the trimethoxysilyl group of APTMS and silanol also took place.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44720960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.4
A. Abbas, K. Aboshanab, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna
Protoplast fusion and enzyme immobilization techniques were applied to increase calcitriol production from vitamin D 3 using Actinomyces hyovaginalis , a local isolate recovered from Egyptian soil, that has a potential bioconversion activity of vitamin D 3 into calcitriol. A total of sixteen protoplast hybrids, formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and two Bacillus species ( B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis ) were screened for vitamin D 3 bioconversion activity. Compared to wild type isolate, four hybrids (formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and B. thuringiensis ) were found to preserve the bioconversion activity; out of which, three hybrids coded V2B, V3B and V8A exhibited higher calcitriol production. The hybrids coded V2B and V8A produced, per 1 L culture medium, about 0.5 and 0.4 mg calcitriol corresponding to 350% and 280%, respectively, increase compared to the wild type isolate. Among different alginate concentrations applied, immobilization of cell lysate of Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate using 2% alginate showed 140% increase in calcitriol production from vitamin D 3 compared to the free cell lysate. Activity of the immobilized form was preserved for five repetitive uses over a period of 15 days but with a 50% decline in production occurring at the fifth use.
{"title":"Improvement of Bioconversion of Vitamin D3 into Calcitriol by Actinomyces hyovaginalis through Protoplast Fusion and Enzyme Immobilization","authors":"A. Abbas, K. Aboshanab, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Protoplast fusion and enzyme immobilization techniques were applied to increase calcitriol production from vitamin D 3 using Actinomyces hyovaginalis , a local isolate recovered from Egyptian soil, that has a potential bioconversion activity of vitamin D 3 into calcitriol. A total of sixteen protoplast hybrids, formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and two Bacillus species ( B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis ) were screened for vitamin D 3 bioconversion activity. Compared to wild type isolate, four hybrids (formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and B. thuringiensis ) were found to preserve the bioconversion activity; out of which, three hybrids coded V2B, V3B and V8A exhibited higher calcitriol production. The hybrids coded V2B and V8A produced, per 1 L culture medium, about 0.5 and 0.4 mg calcitriol corresponding to 350% and 280%, respectively, increase compared to the wild type isolate. Among different alginate concentrations applied, immobilization of cell lysate of Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate using 2% alginate showed 140% increase in calcitriol production from vitamin D 3 compared to the free cell lysate. Activity of the immobilized form was preserved for five repetitive uses over a period of 15 days but with a 50% decline in production occurring at the fifth use.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43374737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.3
A. Szabo, P. László
The paper deals with some topics of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the sector of agriculture, food technology, biotechnology, including questions of well balanced nutrition, as well. One of the most important and widely applied field of biotechnology is the food technology. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of GAP, GMP and GHP. Recently the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are various methods and techniques to produce safe food. The modern food technologies and quality measurements (quality control, quality assurance) involve the application of different physical methods – e.g. high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques (e.g. NMR, NIR-NIT, PAS, INAA) for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) – as well. Using e.g. ionizing radiation (nuclear methods) and non-ionizing radiation technologies it is possible to fulfil a lot of important expectations: decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc. The paper deals with questions of up-to-date, with sport motion combined diet, helping in keeping the health, as well. In the last decades a lot of information were distributed concerning several viewpoints of bodyweight reduction and optimation of bodymaa. How should we know that it is useful and not unhealthy? A suitable Nutrition software (AOPNEI, Analysing and Optimation Program for Nourishment and Energy Intake) – developed at the Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition of the Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University – can help.
{"title":"The Role of Food Physics in Fulfilment the Expectations of Up-to-Date Food Technologies and Biotechnologies to Use a Well Balanced Nutrition","authors":"A. Szabo, P. László","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with some topics of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the sector of agriculture, food technology, biotechnology, including questions of well balanced nutrition, as well. One of the most important and widely applied field of biotechnology is the food technology. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of GAP, GMP and GHP. Recently the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are various methods and techniques to produce safe food. The modern food technologies and quality measurements (quality control, quality assurance) involve the application of different physical methods – e.g. high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques (e.g. NMR, NIR-NIT, PAS, INAA) for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) – as well. Using e.g. ionizing radiation (nuclear methods) and non-ionizing radiation technologies it is possible to fulfil a lot of important expectations: decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc. The paper deals with questions of up-to-date, with sport motion combined diet, helping in keeping the health, as well. In the last decades a lot of information were distributed concerning several viewpoints of bodyweight reduction and optimation of bodymaa. How should we know that it is useful and not unhealthy? A suitable Nutrition software (AOPNEI, Analysing and Optimation Program for Nourishment and Energy Intake) – developed at the Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition of the Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University – can help.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.2
Dr. Osama, W. Elkhatib, A. Tawfeik, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna
In this study, two Lactobacillus (LAB) strains namely, Lactobacillus rhamnosus EMCC 1105 ( L. rhamnosus ) and Lactobacillus gasseri EMCC 1930 ( L. gasseri) were tested for their antagonistic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) which are known to be frequently implicated in biofilm infections. The acidic cell free culture supernatant (CFS) of 24 h and 48 h cultures of both LAB stains showed antimicrobial effects against the three pathogens in radial diffusion assay. These effects were abolished upon neutralization of CFS indicating that this effect was due to acids only. Both LAB strains could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of the three test pathogens and largely replaced them on polystyrene surfaces as demonstrated by crystal violet staining, viable count and scanning electron microscopy. Both of the tested LAB strains could inhibit the protease productivity of S. aureus in 24 h and 48 h dual species-biofilms. The supernatant of 24 h-dual biofilms of P. aeruginosa with L. gasseri also showed a significantly lower protease activity compared to that of P. aeruginosa individual biofilm. Neither LAB strains affected phospholipase C production by the test pathogens when they co-exist during biofilm formation. The different preparations of LAB strains caused no significant change in the levels of gamma interferon expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation by the test pathogens in vitro . In conclusion, L. gasseri and L. rhamnosus can be considered as promising tools for combating biofilm infections.
{"title":"Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Immunomodulatory Activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus gasseri against some Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"Dr. Osama, W. Elkhatib, A. Tawfeik, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two Lactobacillus (LAB) strains namely, Lactobacillus rhamnosus EMCC 1105 ( L. rhamnosus ) and Lactobacillus gasseri EMCC 1930 ( L. gasseri) were tested for their antagonistic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) which are known to be frequently implicated in biofilm infections. The acidic cell free culture supernatant (CFS) of 24 h and 48 h cultures of both LAB stains showed antimicrobial effects against the three pathogens in radial diffusion assay. These effects were abolished upon neutralization of CFS indicating that this effect was due to acids only. Both LAB strains could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of the three test pathogens and largely replaced them on polystyrene surfaces as demonstrated by crystal violet staining, viable count and scanning electron microscopy. Both of the tested LAB strains could inhibit the protease productivity of S. aureus in 24 h and 48 h dual species-biofilms. The supernatant of 24 h-dual biofilms of P. aeruginosa with L. gasseri also showed a significantly lower protease activity compared to that of P. aeruginosa individual biofilm. Neither LAB strains affected phospholipase C production by the test pathogens when they co-exist during biofilm formation. The different preparations of LAB strains caused no significant change in the levels of gamma interferon expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation by the test pathogens in vitro . In conclusion, L. gasseri and L. rhamnosus can be considered as promising tools for combating biofilm infections.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-21DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.1
Helmi Johari Masri Helmi Johari Masri, P. Maftoun, R. Malek, A. Boumehira, Avnish Pareek, S. Z. Hanapi, O. Ling, H. E. Enshasy
Mushrooms health benefit was recognized in the Orient from several thousand years ago as globally consumption and has third largest commercially production. The genus Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) is an organoleptic fast growing fungus which belongs to basidiomycota group. Although 70 species is discovered until now for this genus, but only few of them are available in market such as Pleurotus florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus. They have been used in human diet throughout the world due to their rich nutrients such as protein, fiber carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins and lipid. It should be noted that low amount calories, Sodium, fat and cholesterol is reported in this genus. Many pharmaceutical companies in the Far East and China are viewing the medicinal mushrooms as a rich source of innovative biomedical molecules. These molecules can be extracted from different part of oyster mushroom such as fruiting body, mycelia and culture broth. Mainly they are biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids as they are more variable to carry biological information. The medicinal properties of Pleurotus spp studied by several authors, as a result antitumor, immunomodulating, antiviral, antibacterial, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolamic, antihypertensive, antiinociceptive, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-platelet-aggregating, antihepatoma, anti poliferative and antiatherosclerotic. In this chapter, biodivertsity of genus Pleurotus will be discussed regarding nutritional and bioactive compounds. Furthermore the prospective of oyster mushroom for therapeutic application and concept will be highlighted.
{"title":"The Edible Mushroom Pleurotus spp.: II. Medicinal Values","authors":"Helmi Johari Masri Helmi Johari Masri, P. Maftoun, R. Malek, A. Boumehira, Avnish Pareek, S. Z. Hanapi, O. Ling, H. E. Enshasy","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms health benefit was recognized in the Orient from several thousand years ago as globally consumption and has third largest commercially production. The genus Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) is an organoleptic fast growing fungus which belongs to basidiomycota group. Although 70 species is discovered until now for this genus, but only few of them are available in market such as Pleurotus florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus. They have been used in human diet throughout the world due to their rich nutrients such as protein, fiber carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins and lipid. It should be noted that low amount calories, Sodium, fat and cholesterol is reported in this genus. Many pharmaceutical companies in the Far East and China are viewing the medicinal mushrooms as a rich source of innovative biomedical molecules. These molecules can be extracted from different part of oyster mushroom such as fruiting body, mycelia and culture broth. Mainly they are biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids as they are more variable to carry biological information. The medicinal properties of Pleurotus spp studied by several authors, as a result antitumor, immunomodulating, antiviral, antibacterial, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolamic, antihypertensive, antiinociceptive, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-platelet-aggregating, antihepatoma, anti poliferative and antiatherosclerotic. In this chapter, biodivertsity of genus Pleurotus will be discussed regarding nutritional and bioactive compounds. Furthermore the prospective of oyster mushroom for therapeutic application and concept will be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45603414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-05DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.03.1
Enas N. Danial, M. Alkhalf
Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. This study aimed to survey the optimum condition for phosphatase enzyme production, purified and studied its properties. Phosphatase enzyme activity was determined by end point method. Phosphatase enzyme was obtained from Bacillus cereus EME 66 isolate. The enzyme was purified and characterized, using a three-step purification procedure with 12.3-fold. The phosphatase enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by ultrafiltration. The acid phosphatase is a monomer protein purified gel filtration to 5.6 fold. Results showed that the optimum temperature for the purified enzyme activity was 60 °C and it was stable at temperatures below 60 °C. This enzyme was stable between pH 4.0-6.0, and the optimal pH activity was found to 5.0. The activity of the enzyme enhanced by heavy metals (Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + ). The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by heavy metals Zn 2+ . The present article reveals on enzymatic characterization of acid phosphatase enzyme.Â
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