Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.5
V. Stabnikov
Biocements and biogrouts are developing extensively as new materials alternative to cement and toxic chemical grouts. The most popular type of biocement is a mixture of urease-producing bacteria, urea and calcium salt. Thus, development of biotechnology to produce biomass of urease-active bacteria for large-scale biocementation is an important biotechnological task. Two strains of urease-producing bacteria, Yaniella sp. VS8 and Bacillus sp. VS1 that synthesized inducible and constitutive urease, respectively, were used in the present study. It was shown that low cost biomass of urease-active bacteria can be produced from the hydrolyzed excessive activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant. The biomass of Yaniella sp. VS8 grown in this medium diminished the hydraulic conductivity of sand from 4.8A—10 -4 m/s to 5∙10 -8 m/s after several biotreatments with solution of 1.5 M urea and 0.75M ÐiаCl 2 .
{"title":"Production of Bioagent for Calcium-Based Biocement","authors":"V. Stabnikov","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Biocements and biogrouts are developing extensively as new materials alternative to cement and toxic chemical grouts. The most popular type of biocement is a mixture of urease-producing bacteria, urea and calcium salt. Thus, development of biotechnology to produce biomass of urease-active bacteria for large-scale biocementation is an important biotechnological task. Two strains of urease-producing bacteria, Yaniella sp. VS8 and Bacillus sp. VS1 that synthesized inducible and constitutive urease, respectively, were used in the present study. It was shown that low cost biomass of urease-active bacteria can be produced from the hydrolyzed excessive activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant. The biomass of Yaniella sp. VS8 grown in this medium diminished the hydraulic conductivity of sand from 4.8A—10 -4 m/s to 5∙10 -8 m/s after several biotreatments with solution of 1.5 M urea and 0.75M ÐiаCl 2 .","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.4
D. Martínez-Soto, J. Ruiz-Herrera
Plants are able to acquire induced resistance to pathogens (priming) by its previous exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses. To analyze whether this process is involved in the maize infection by Ustilago maydis , we have compared the infection occurring in plants inoculated under axenic conditions or in sterile soil to plants grown in non-sterile soil. Our results showed that plants grown under axenic conditions were more susceptible to infection than those inoculated in non-sterile soil. Accordingly, disease symptoms: chlorosis development, anthocyanin production, tumor development, and necrosis, were more and severe in axenic plants. In addition, cell death and reactive oxygen species production, as well as ethylene, were higher in axenic plants. These observations indicate for the first time, that different physical stressors and contact with microorganisms of the environment are responsible for the induction of resistance (priming) in this pathosystem.
{"title":"Induced Resistance to Ustilago maydis in Zea mays Inoculated in Non-Sterile Conditions","authors":"D. Martínez-Soto, J. Ruiz-Herrera","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are able to acquire induced resistance to pathogens (priming) by its previous exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses. To analyze whether this process is involved in the maize infection by Ustilago maydis , we have compared the infection occurring in plants inoculated under axenic conditions or in sterile soil to plants grown in non-sterile soil. Our results showed that plants grown under axenic conditions were more susceptible to infection than those inoculated in non-sterile soil. Accordingly, disease symptoms: chlorosis development, anthocyanin production, tumor development, and necrosis, were more and severe in axenic plants. In addition, cell death and reactive oxygen species production, as well as ethylene, were higher in axenic plants. These observations indicate for the first time, that different physical stressors and contact with microorganisms of the environment are responsible for the induction of resistance (priming) in this pathosystem.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.2
S. Al‐Zuhair, M. Nabil, Y. Abdi, Murad Al Sayyed, H. Taher
The ability of three freshwater microalgae strains, namely Chlorella sp. , Pseudochlorococcum sp . and Chlamydomonas sp. to grow in water containing different concentrations of phenol has been tested. The effectiveness of the selected strains to utilize the phenol as a carbon source and reduce its concentration has also been assessed. The phenol removal efficiency and cells growth rates were evaluated at different initial phenol concentrations, in the range of 100-450 ppm. It was found that growing, under a reduced illumination condition, increased the inhibition onset concentration, enhanced the phenol removal and allowed the strains to tolerate higher phenol concentrations reaching 450 ppm. In the tested range of the phenol concentrations, Chlamydomonas sp . has shown to have the highest specific growth rate of 0.59 day -1 , whereas Pseudochlorococcum sp showed the highest phenol removal rate of 166 ppm day -1 . Three kinetics models that incorporate substrate inhibition were tested to describe the growth, which show almost identical fittings.
研究了三种淡水微藻菌株小球藻(Chlorella sp.)、假绿球藻(pseudochlorococum sp.)的生长能力。和衣藻在含有不同浓度苯酚的水中生长的能力已经进行了测试。所选菌株利用苯酚作为碳源并降低其浓度的有效性也进行了评估。在100-450 ppm的初始苯酚浓度范围内，对苯酚的去除率和细胞生长速率进行了评价。研究发现，在较弱光照条件下生长，提高了抑制浓度，增强了苯酚的去除率，并使菌株能够耐受更高的苯酚浓度，达到450 ppm。在苯酚浓度的检测范围内，衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp .)的特定生长率最高，为0.59 d -1，而假绿球藻的苯酚去除率最高，为166 ppm d -1。三种包含底物抑制的动力学模型被用来描述生长，它们显示出几乎相同的匹配。
{"title":"High Concentration Phenol Removal Using Freshwater Microalgae","authors":"S. Al‐Zuhair, M. Nabil, Y. Abdi, Murad Al Sayyed, H. Taher","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of three freshwater microalgae strains, namely Chlorella sp. , Pseudochlorococcum sp . and Chlamydomonas sp. to grow in water containing different concentrations of phenol has been tested. The effectiveness of the selected strains to utilize the phenol as a carbon source and reduce its concentration has also been assessed. The phenol removal efficiency and cells growth rates were evaluated at different initial phenol concentrations, in the range of 100-450 ppm. It was found that growing, under a reduced illumination condition, increased the inhibition onset concentration, enhanced the phenol removal and allowed the strains to tolerate higher phenol concentrations reaching 450 ppm. In the tested range of the phenol concentrations, Chlamydomonas sp . has shown to have the highest specific growth rate of 0.59 day -1 , whereas Pseudochlorococcum sp showed the highest phenol removal rate of 166 ppm day -1 . Three kinetics models that incorporate substrate inhibition were tested to describe the growth, which show almost identical fittings.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.1
O. Adeniran, A. Shugaba
Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) by Botrytis aclada fres and Chrysonilia sitophila was studied. The organisms were isolated from decaying onion bulb and apple fruit respectively, purified in Potato Dextrose Agar, and grown for 144 hours in solutions of potassium dichromate of concentrations ranging from 5-20 mg/l at 40 0 C. Effective reduction of Cr(VI) was observed at 5-20 mg/l compared to 25 mg/l dichromate treatments in both organisms. The results showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in biomass concentration in the two fungi used with increasing concentration of the dichromate treatment (5-25 mg/l). Significant increase (P < 0.05) in residual glucose concentration was also observed in the culture media with increase in concentration of the dichromate treatment. However, at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment, Cr(IV) concentration, 1.36 ± 0.02 and 1.71 ± 0.03 (P < 0.05) were revealed in the culture media of B. aclada fres and C. sitophila respectively. Also, 0.71 ± 0.03 and 0.94 ± 0.03 Cr(IV) concentration (P < 0.05) were observed in the fungal mycelia at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment in B. aclada fres and C. sitophila respectively. After 144 hours of growth, Cr(VI) reduction of 89.65% in B. aclada fres and 86.75% in C. sitophila at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment were revealed. This investigation suggests that the two fungi adopted a process of reduction to tolerate the toxicity of hexavalent chromium. The results indicate the potentials of the fungi in bioremediation particularly in the treatment of waste water containing hexavalent chromium.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium in Potassium Dichromate Solution by Botrytis aclada fres and Chrysonilia sitophila","authors":"O. Adeniran, A. Shugaba","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) by Botrytis aclada fres and Chrysonilia sitophila was studied. The organisms were isolated from decaying onion bulb and apple fruit respectively, purified in Potato Dextrose Agar, and grown for 144 hours in solutions of potassium dichromate of concentrations ranging from 5-20 mg/l at 40 0 C. Effective reduction of Cr(VI) was observed at 5-20 mg/l compared to 25 mg/l dichromate treatments in both organisms. The results showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in biomass concentration in the two fungi used with increasing concentration of the dichromate treatment (5-25 mg/l). Significant increase (P < 0.05) in residual glucose concentration was also observed in the culture media with increase in concentration of the dichromate treatment. However, at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment, Cr(IV) concentration, 1.36 ± 0.02 and 1.71 ± 0.03 (P < 0.05) were revealed in the culture media of B. aclada fres and C. sitophila respectively. Also, 0.71 ± 0.03 and 0.94 ± 0.03 Cr(IV) concentration (P < 0.05) were observed in the fungal mycelia at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment in B. aclada fres and C. sitophila respectively. After 144 hours of growth, Cr(VI) reduction of 89.65% in B. aclada fres and 86.75% in C. sitophila at 20 mg/l dichromate treatment were revealed. This investigation suggests that the two fungi adopted a process of reduction to tolerate the toxicity of hexavalent chromium. The results indicate the potentials of the fungi in bioremediation particularly in the treatment of waste water containing hexavalent chromium.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.3
Yuan-Yuan Jia, Rui B. Chang, Hanwen Yan, Rong Dai
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the three deadly diseases. It is characterised by high mortality and high morbidity. Because of no effective treatments of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and neuroprotectant, there are more and more research focus on neurovascular unit (NVU), which is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), neuron, astrocyte(AS) and so on. Cell–cell signaling and coupling between these different compartments form the basis for normal function and repair of brain injury. In this mini-review, we will describe the relationship of CMECs, neuron and AS.
{"title":"The Cell Regulation Mechanism of Neurovascular Unit","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Jia, Rui B. Chang, Hanwen Yan, Rong Dai","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the three deadly diseases. It is characterised by high mortality and high morbidity. Because of no effective treatments of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and neuroprotectant, there are more and more research focus on neurovascular unit (NVU), which is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), neuron, astrocyte(AS) and so on. Cell–cell signaling and coupling between these different compartments form the basis for normal function and repair of brain injury. In this mini-review, we will describe the relationship of CMECs, neuron and AS.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-02DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.2
E. D. Deenanath, R. Falcon
Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from mining processes is an on-going environmental concern. This study aimed to identify microorganisms (MOs) from a coal mine water source to determine organism diversity for its use as a bioremediation method of AMD contaminated sources. For the purpose of this study, a culture-dependent sample, previously collected from an open-mine-water-pit was used to assess the microbial community by 18S rRNA gene amplification and BLAST analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of 94 MOs, with 3 dominant MOs namely, Cercozoan; an uncultured bacterium and Chorella vulgaris. The use of this culture is not promising as the presence of Cercozoan, a protist type body will target other species for its own survival, hence inhibiting any positive effect the algae or bacteria may have on bioremediation potential of harmful AMD elements.
{"title":"Identification of Acid Mine Drainage Microorganisms from a Coal Mine in South Africa","authors":"E. D. Deenanath, R. Falcon","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from mining processes is an on-going environmental concern. This study aimed to identify microorganisms (MOs) from a coal mine water source to determine organism diversity for its use as a bioremediation method of AMD contaminated sources. For the purpose of this study, a culture-dependent sample, previously collected from an open-mine-water-pit was used to assess the microbial community by 18S rRNA gene amplification and BLAST analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of 94 MOs, with 3 dominant MOs namely, Cercozoan; an uncultured bacterium and Chorella vulgaris. The use of this culture is not promising as the presence of Cercozoan, a protist type body will target other species for its own survival, hence inhibiting any positive effect the algae or bacteria may have on bioremediation potential of harmful AMD elements.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-02DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.4
M. Romero, Juan C. Chiaravalli, E. H. Reinoso
The organic pollutan adsorption/desorption process by microbial degradation had been less studied than metal ones. The sorption assays alone did not predict desorption, due to hysteresis, irreversibility, fixed compounds in different sites, with diverse desorption rates. Most of the studies dealt with bacteria rather than filamentous fungi and yeasts. So, our aims were to isolate yeasts from polluted sediments, to quantify its potential to uptake anthracene (An) and to evaluate the bioavailability by a desorption model. Yeasts were isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted samples, 40-isolates grew in anthracene-plates. Molecular characterization was achieved by sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS4 and 26S rRNA regions; morphological and physiological determination were also done. Candida parasilopsis , Pichia anomala and Rhodothorula mucilaginosa were the prevalent yeasts. An-degradation was assessed in soil-systems with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 I¼g An/l, 3 differentes sorbens types, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, PAHs, sand:silt:clay, pH and cation exchange capacity. Sophorolipids excretion were confirmed by HPLC, UV-detector with active fraction at 9.669 min (RT 9.646 min = sophorolipid-standard). A desorption model with equilibrium, nonequilibrium and nondesorption areas, was applied to explain the experimental data, An-transformation was greater in the organic liquid-phase than in the soil-sorbed ones; the desorption-coefficients and soil components were negatively correlated with the kinetic parameters. The An-release depended on the sophorolipid excretion, soil matrix and particles sizes. Desorption parameters significantly fitted the yeast uptake, with R 2 = 0.97, R 2 = 0.90 and R 2 = 0.97 for C. parasilopsis , P. anomala and R. mucilaginosa, respectively.
微生物降解对有机污染物的吸附/解吸过程的研究相对较少。由于滞后性、不可逆性、不同位置的固定化合物、不同的脱附速率，单独的吸附试验不能预测脱附。大多数研究涉及的是细菌，而不是丝状真菌和酵母。因此，我们的目标是从受污染的沉积物中分离酵母，量化其吸收蒽(An)的潜力，并通过解吸模型评估生物利用度。从烃类污染的样品中分离到酵母菌，在蒽培养皿中生长了40株。通过对ITS1-5.8S rRNA- its4和26S rRNA区域的序列分析实现分子鉴定;并进行了形态学和生理学的测定。寄生假丝酵母菌、异常毕赤酵母和黏液红梭菌是主要的酵母菌。在0、50、100、150、200和250 μ g An/l、3种土壤类型、有机碳、有机氮、多环芳烃、砂:粉土:粘土、pH和阳离子交换容量的土壤系统中，评价了氮的降解。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)、紫外检测器(uv -检测器)测定苦参脂的排泄量，有效组分时间为9.669 min (RT = 9.646 min)。采用平衡区、非平衡区和非脱附区三种脱附区模型对实验数据进行了解释，结果表明:有机液相中的an转化大于土壤吸附液相;解吸系数和土壤组分与动力学参数呈负相关。其释放与槐脂排泄量、土壤基质和颗粒大小有关。对拟parasilopsis、P. anomala和R. mucilaginosa的解吸参数r2分别为0.97、0.90和0.97。
{"title":"Sorbed Anthracene Degradation by Sophorolipid Producing Yeasts","authors":"M. Romero, Juan C. Chiaravalli, E. H. Reinoso","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"The organic pollutan adsorption/desorption process by microbial degradation had been less studied than metal ones. The sorption assays alone did not predict desorption, due to hysteresis, irreversibility, fixed compounds in different sites, with diverse desorption rates. Most of the studies dealt with bacteria rather than filamentous fungi and yeasts. So, our aims were to isolate yeasts from polluted sediments, to quantify its potential to uptake anthracene (An) and to evaluate the bioavailability by a desorption model. Yeasts were isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted samples, 40-isolates grew in anthracene-plates. Molecular characterization was achieved by sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS4 and 26S rRNA regions; morphological and physiological determination were also done. Candida parasilopsis , Pichia anomala and Rhodothorula mucilaginosa were the prevalent yeasts. An-degradation was assessed in soil-systems with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 I¼g An/l, 3 differentes sorbens types, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, PAHs, sand:silt:clay, pH and cation exchange capacity. Sophorolipids excretion were confirmed by HPLC, UV-detector with active fraction at 9.669 min (RT 9.646 min = sophorolipid-standard). A desorption model with equilibrium, nonequilibrium and nondesorption areas, was applied to explain the experimental data, An-transformation was greater in the organic liquid-phase than in the soil-sorbed ones; the desorption-coefficients and soil components were negatively correlated with the kinetic parameters. The An-release depended on the sophorolipid excretion, soil matrix and particles sizes. Desorption parameters significantly fitted the yeast uptake, with R 2 = 0.97, R 2 = 0.90 and R 2 = 0.97 for C. parasilopsis , P. anomala and R. mucilaginosa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-02DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.3
N. Elleboudy, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna
Two hundred and thirty one isolates, with the characteristic morphology of Genus Bacillus, were recovered from 100 soil samples collected from 7 different Egyptian governorates, and were screened for phospholipase C (PLC) production by egg-yolk plate method. Sixty isolates have shown very high PLC production and were further assessed using chromogenic assay method. The highest five producers, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus thuringiensis , were selected and their PLCs were purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. PLCs had molecular masses of 28.5 kDa as indicated by SDS-PAGE. The characteristics of the studied five PLCs were having maximal activities at 35-45°C and pH 7.2. The enzymes could retain more than half of their maximum activities at 30-60°C and pH 7-8. Equivalent activities were recorded at low water tension. PLC from B. thuringiensis KT159186 was relatively thermostable with a maximum activity at 40°C. The half-inactivation temperature was above 50°C, which compared favorably to that of other enzymes. Activity at the wide temperature range (20-80°C) was high (about 50% of maximum),. This PLC could tolerate pH as high as 12 with only 30% loss of activity. Specificity pattern of PLC from the same isolate showed equivalent activities toward phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in addition to marked activity toward phosphatidylethanolamine, which makes it a typical non-specific PLC for industrial purposes. In conclusion, these characteristics of PLC from the test isolate make it attractive for various industrial applications.
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Phospholipases C from some Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Recovered from Egyptian Soil","authors":"N. Elleboudy, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa, N. Hassouna","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and thirty one isolates, with the characteristic morphology of Genus Bacillus, were recovered from 100 soil samples collected from 7 different Egyptian governorates, and were screened for phospholipase C (PLC) production by egg-yolk plate method. Sixty isolates have shown very high PLC production and were further assessed using chromogenic assay method. The highest five producers, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus thuringiensis , were selected and their PLCs were purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. PLCs had molecular masses of 28.5 kDa as indicated by SDS-PAGE. The characteristics of the studied five PLCs were having maximal activities at 35-45°C and pH 7.2. The enzymes could retain more than half of their maximum activities at 30-60°C and pH 7-8. Equivalent activities were recorded at low water tension. PLC from B. thuringiensis KT159186 was relatively thermostable with a maximum activity at 40°C. The half-inactivation temperature was above 50°C, which compared favorably to that of other enzymes. Activity at the wide temperature range (20-80°C) was high (about 50% of maximum),. This PLC could tolerate pH as high as 12 with only 30% loss of activity. Specificity pattern of PLC from the same isolate showed equivalent activities toward phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in addition to marked activity toward phosphatidylethanolamine, which makes it a typical non-specific PLC for industrial purposes. In conclusion, these characteristics of PLC from the test isolate make it attractive for various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.1
Riho Hashizaki, Hanaka Komori, Kohei Kazuma, K. Konno, K. Kawabata, D. Kaneko, H. Katano, S. Taira
The use of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed the localization of a-solanine and a-chaconine as natural toxins for Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ). The content of Potato glycoalkaloids, a-solanine and a-chaconine, were quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-based tandem mass spectrometry (MS) could determine a-solanine and a-chaconine from raw potato extraction and section. After budbreak, a-solanine and a-chaconine were produced and localized at periderm and germ compared with that before budbreak. At germ region, these glycoalkaloids did not exist whole germ region but eccentrically localize at germ surface and central region. The amount of a-chaconine was twofold higher than a-solanine at periderm. At germ region, there was no difference between these toxins.
{"title":"Localization Analysis of Natural Toxin of Solanum tuberosum L. via Mass Spectrometric Imaging","authors":"Riho Hashizaki, Hanaka Komori, Kohei Kazuma, K. Konno, K. Kawabata, D. Kaneko, H. Katano, S. Taira","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2016.05.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed the localization of a-solanine and a-chaconine as natural toxins for Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ). The content of Potato glycoalkaloids, a-solanine and a-chaconine, were quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-based tandem mass spectrometry (MS) could determine a-solanine and a-chaconine from raw potato extraction and section. After budbreak, a-solanine and a-chaconine were produced and localized at periderm and germ compared with that before budbreak. At germ region, these glycoalkaloids did not exist whole germ region but eccentrically localize at germ surface and central region. The amount of a-chaconine was twofold higher than a-solanine at periderm. At germ region, there was no difference between these toxins.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.3
Shuang Shao, Zhenfang Gui, Xiaolei Guo
A large amount of oil hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been discharged into the environment and caused soil polluted. Petroleum and cadmium in soil accumulated in crops and lead to threaten human healthy through the food chain. In this experiment, seeds of sorghum and rape were germinated in deferent concentrations of petroleum and cadmium, and the effect of Peptococcus activus sp. SH3-3-9 on the germination was studied. The results showed that petroleum and cadmium inhibited seeds germination, and the effects were stronger as their concentrations increased. Peptococcus activus sp.SH3-3-9 had the role of enhancing seed germination, which indicates it has high potential in plant-microbial remediation of petroleum and cadmium in soil.
{"title":"The Effect of Bacteria on Seed Germination in Sorghum and Rape Under Cadmium and Petroleum Conditions","authors":"Shuang Shao, Zhenfang Gui, Xiaolei Guo","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of oil hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been discharged into the environment and caused soil polluted. Petroleum and cadmium in soil accumulated in crops and lead to threaten human healthy through the food chain. In this experiment, seeds of sorghum and rape were germinated in deferent concentrations of petroleum and cadmium, and the effect of Peptococcus activus sp. SH3-3-9 on the germination was studied. The results showed that petroleum and cadmium inhibited seeds germination, and the effects were stronger as their concentrations increased. Peptococcus activus sp.SH3-3-9 had the role of enhancing seed germination, which indicates it has high potential in plant-microbial remediation of petroleum and cadmium in soil.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"4 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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