In this study, stable novel iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were synthesized via chemical and green methods. In the chemical method, p-aminobenzoic acid (AB), diacetyl monoxime (DIA), and adenosine 5-monophosphate disodium (AD) were used as stabilized ligands, whereas the extract of Teucrium apollinis was used in the green synthesis method. The effect of these stabilized ligands on the size, stability, and antibacterial activity of IO-NPs was carried out. The synthesized IO-NPs were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and attenuated Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). IO-NPs offered spherical shapes with small sizes (5 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm, and 34 nm) for IO-NPs functionalized by DIA, AD, AB, and Teucrium apollinis, respectively. This study shows a relationship between the type of NPs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. The IO-NP functionalized by plant extract has a higher antibacterial effect than IO-NPs chemically synthesized. Because it has more infinity toward bacteria cells than other NP, it has a high ability to penetrate the membrane of bacterial cells. The use of Teucrium apollinis extract could be an eco-friendly way to synthesize IO-NP that offers a novel and potential alternative to chemically synthesized IO-NP.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Different Approaches with Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.317","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, stable novel iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were synthesized via chemical and green methods. In the chemical method, p-aminobenzoic acid (AB), diacetyl monoxime (DIA), and adenosine 5-monophosphate disodium (AD) were used as stabilized ligands, whereas the extract of Teucrium apollinis was used in the green synthesis method. The effect of these stabilized ligands on the size, stability, and antibacterial activity of IO-NPs was carried out. The synthesized IO-NPs were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and attenuated Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). IO-NPs offered spherical shapes with small sizes (5 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm, and 34 nm) for IO-NPs functionalized by DIA, AD, AB, and Teucrium apollinis, respectively. This study shows a relationship between the type of NPs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. The IO-NP functionalized by plant extract has a higher antibacterial effect than IO-NPs chemically synthesized. Because it has more infinity toward bacteria cells than other NP, it has a high ability to penetrate the membrane of bacterial cells. The use of Teucrium apollinis extract could be an eco-friendly way to synthesize IO-NP that offers a novel and potential alternative to chemically synthesized IO-NP.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mullite is a combination compound of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). During the last two decades, mullite ceramics have become the crucial oxide material for both traditional and advanced applications due to their favorable properties, such as good strength at very high temperatures, low density, good thermal shock resistance, and chemically stable. Mullite is also known for its stoichiometry 3Al2O3.2SiO2, or sometimes it is called 3/2 mullite. In this present investigation, the authors attempt to fabricate mullite-based ceramic through a gel casting process by using an organic binder (egg white) to consolidate powder particles, followed by low-temperature sintering. Fly ash powder, china clay powder, and alumina powder were used as raw materials to make mullite ceramic. Green bodies were fabricated by taking various proportions of fly ash, china clay, and alumina, followed by sintering at 1200C, 1250C, and 1300C for 2 hours. The stability of slurries was studied by measuring zeta potential, and green sample fracture surfaces were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Physical properties of sintered samples, such as linear shrinkage, density, porosity, and water absorption, were also calculated. Evidence of mullite formation was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The samples containing 45 wt.% fly ash, 15 wt.% china clay, and 40 wt.% aluminas showed the best physical properties compared to other batch compositions and were well supported by the results obtained from FESEM results.
{"title":"Mullite Ceramics Derived from Fly Ash Powder by Using Albumin as an Organic Gelling Agent","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.339","url":null,"abstract":"Mullite is a combination compound of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). During the last two decades, mullite ceramics have become the crucial oxide material for both traditional and advanced applications due to their favorable properties, such as good strength at very high temperatures, low density, good thermal shock resistance, and chemically stable. Mullite is also known for its stoichiometry 3Al2O3.2SiO2, or sometimes it is called 3/2 mullite. In this present investigation, the authors attempt to fabricate mullite-based ceramic through a gel casting process by using an organic binder (egg white) to consolidate powder particles, followed by low-temperature sintering. Fly ash powder, china clay powder, and alumina powder were used as raw materials to make mullite ceramic. Green bodies were fabricated by taking various proportions of fly ash, china clay, and alumina, followed by sintering at 1200C, 1250C, and 1300C for 2 hours. The stability of slurries was studied by measuring zeta potential, and green sample fracture surfaces were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Physical properties of sintered samples, such as linear shrinkage, density, porosity, and water absorption, were also calculated. Evidence of mullite formation was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The samples containing 45 wt.% fly ash, 15 wt.% china clay, and 40 wt.% aluminas showed the best physical properties compared to other batch compositions and were well supported by the results obtained from FESEM results.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a desolating and devastating disease with a strong social impact on the world. Current drugs and therapies are showing poor responses toward RA due to its unknown progression. Evidence has shown that Extra Domain A fibronectin, recognized as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), interacts with pathogen recognition receptors (PRR), which play a vital role in the erosion and degradation of joints. The post-translational modification and citrullination of fibronectin enhance the expression of EDA fibronectin (EDA+Fn). Fibronectin and its interacting receptors, such as TLR-4 may be a potential target for the treatment of RA. This review critically summarizes the recent discoveries and breakthroughs in the role of fibronectin and its isoforms in the pathogenesis and progression of RA.
{"title":"The Role of Fibronectin and its Isoforms in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.341","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a desolating and devastating disease with a strong social impact on the world. Current drugs and therapies are showing poor responses toward RA due to its unknown progression. Evidence has shown that Extra Domain A fibronectin, recognized as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), interacts with pathogen recognition receptors (PRR), which play a vital role in the erosion and degradation of joints. The post-translational modification and citrullination of fibronectin enhance the expression of EDA fibronectin (EDA+Fn). Fibronectin and its interacting receptors, such as TLR-4 may be a potential target for the treatment of RA. This review critically summarizes the recent discoveries and breakthroughs in the role of fibronectin and its isoforms in the pathogenesis and progression of RA.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several green tea leaf extraction studies only describe the results of the extraction method or the different types of solvents that produce the highest levels of polyphenols or caffeine without further analysis by statistical analysis. In addition, the statistical analysis method still often used is a statistical analysis of variance, which has weaknesses. This study used PCA and CA methods to analyze samples based on the solvent's effect on temperature and pH. The solvents used in extracting green tea leaves were hot distilled water at ±95oC, distilled water, citrate buffer pH 4.3, and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 without heating (±25oC). The parameters analyzed were yield, water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, total polyphenol content, and caffeine in green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Classification with PCA results in a 2-dimensional data reduction that represents all data. Therefore, PC1 can extract as much as 68.7% of the information, and PC2 can extract 22.9% of the information. Cumulatively, PC1 and PC2 extracted as much as 91.5% of the information. Classification with CA resulted in 3 clusters. The third cluster, namely numbers 2 and 3, is the cluster that has the closest similarity with the distance between the cluster centroids of 2.08564 and the similarity level of 56.7850%.
{"title":"Implementation of Principal Component Analysis-Cluster Analysis on The Extraction of Green Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.335","url":null,"abstract":"Several green tea leaf extraction studies only describe the results of the extraction method or the different types of solvents that produce the highest levels of polyphenols or caffeine without further analysis by statistical analysis. In addition, the statistical analysis method still often used is a statistical analysis of variance, which has weaknesses. This study used PCA and CA methods to analyze samples based on the solvent's effect on temperature and pH. The solvents used in extracting green tea leaves were hot distilled water at ±95oC, distilled water, citrate buffer pH 4.3, and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 without heating (±25oC). The parameters analyzed were yield, water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, total polyphenol content, and caffeine in green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Classification with PCA results in a 2-dimensional data reduction that represents all data. Therefore, PC1 can extract as much as 68.7% of the information, and PC2 can extract 22.9% of the information. Cumulatively, PC1 and PC2 extracted as much as 91.5% of the information. Classification with CA resulted in 3 clusters. The third cluster, namely numbers 2 and 3, is the cluster that has the closest similarity with the distance between the cluster centroids of 2.08564 and the similarity level of 56.7850%.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By investigating their pharmacological activity, bisphosphonate drugs can be employed to prevent the loss of one density and treat bone diseases like osteoporosis. The capability of bisphosphonates is to be stuck and be kept within bone during osteoclast-mediated bone inorganic material decomposition. The main problem accompanied by their application is their low oral bioavailability. Several delivery systems, such as metal chelating, nanoparticles, and contrast agents, have been selected to modify their absorption and to conduct them to sites other than bone cells. In this contribution, we have investigated the pharmacological and clinical application of bisphosphonate drugs of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92 using novel QM/MM applications of DFT, MC, and MD due to physicochemical properties of NMR, charge transfer, Gibbs free energy, electronic-kinetic and nuclear repulse energies in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The bisphosphonate agent has been accomplished in chelation with the metal cation of Mg2+ and Cu2+ through the PDB structures of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92 drugs. Since the metal binding of phosphonate groups is relatively bulky, with six oxygens having a negative charge more than pH= 4, which is high (approximately four per ligand), these structures are active in forming the chelated compounds through the drug design method. The connection between structure and activity methods play an important role in predicting the biological properties of target compounds and their physicochemical properties. In this article, Ramachandran plot in drug design has played an efficient function in target identification and designing novel drugs for exploring the parameters of amino acid sequence, molecular modeling, and the 3-D structure bisphosphonate agents of novel drugs of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92.
{"title":"Biomedical Applications of Bisphosphonate Chelating Agents by Metal Cations as Drug Design for Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis using QM/MM Method","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.329","url":null,"abstract":"By investigating their pharmacological activity, bisphosphonate drugs can be employed to prevent the loss of one density and treat bone diseases like osteoporosis. The capability of bisphosphonates is to be stuck and be kept within bone during osteoclast-mediated bone inorganic material decomposition. The main problem accompanied by their application is their low oral bioavailability. Several delivery systems, such as metal chelating, nanoparticles, and contrast agents, have been selected to modify their absorption and to conduct them to sites other than bone cells. In this contribution, we have investigated the pharmacological and clinical application of bisphosphonate drugs of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92 using novel QM/MM applications of DFT, MC, and MD due to physicochemical properties of NMR, charge transfer, Gibbs free energy, electronic-kinetic and nuclear repulse energies in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The bisphosphonate agent has been accomplished in chelation with the metal cation of Mg2+ and Cu2+ through the PDB structures of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92 drugs. Since the metal binding of phosphonate groups is relatively bulky, with six oxygens having a negative charge more than pH= 4, which is high (approximately four per ligand), these structures are active in forming the chelated compounds through the drug design method. The connection between structure and activity methods play an important role in predicting the biological properties of target compounds and their physicochemical properties. In this article, Ramachandran plot in drug design has played an efficient function in target identification and designing novel drugs for exploring the parameters of amino acid sequence, molecular modeling, and the 3-D structure bisphosphonate agents of novel drugs of 5AFX, 4QPF, 3DYG, 2I19, and 2F92.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48486592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is one of the very important cereals which contains major nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and various other constituents like β-glucan, oligosaccharides, and resistant starch. Maize contains various bioactive components like phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols. These effectively prevent and cure diseases such as night blindness, age-related disorders, cardiovascular and neural disorders, and colon cancer. The fermentation of maize using Lactic Acid Bacteria to produce traditionally fermented foods is one of the ancient health-promoting formulae to achieve the health benefits of cereal ingredients and live beneficial bacteria. These microbes exert various probiotic effects on consumer health and are explored as a source of probiotic strains. The fermented maize-based foods are economical, have enhanced sensory and nutritional quality, reduce the risk of detrimental diseases, improve shelf life, and produce antimicrobial substances and health-stimulating compounds. This review emphasizes maize's nutritional and phytochemicals composition, diversity of important maize-based fermented foods and beverages, health benefits of consumption, and future perspectives and challenges.
{"title":"Bioactive Components and Health Benefits of Maize-based Fermented Foods: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.338","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is one of the very important cereals which contains major nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and various other constituents like β-glucan, oligosaccharides, and resistant starch. Maize contains various bioactive components like phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols. These effectively prevent and cure diseases such as night blindness, age-related disorders, cardiovascular and neural disorders, and colon cancer. The fermentation of maize using Lactic Acid Bacteria to produce traditionally fermented foods is one of the ancient health-promoting formulae to achieve the health benefits of cereal ingredients and live beneficial bacteria. These microbes exert various probiotic effects on consumer health and are explored as a source of probiotic strains. The fermented maize-based foods are economical, have enhanced sensory and nutritional quality, reduce the risk of detrimental diseases, improve shelf life, and produce antimicrobial substances and health-stimulating compounds. This review emphasizes maize's nutritional and phytochemicals composition, diversity of important maize-based fermented foods and beverages, health benefits of consumption, and future perspectives and challenges.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45811549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siu Kan Law, Dawn Chingtung Au, Albert Wingnang Leung, Chuanshan Xu
The COVID-19 pandemic occurred over two years and has not yet been finished. There are some possible Chinese medicines formulations used to prevent and treat COVID-19. Single pure herbal such as curcumin is the most common to combat SARS-CoV-2 with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and hepatoprotective properties. This short communication describes another single pure herbal, “Celastrol”, research progress and its nanosystem for the treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Could Celastrol Nanosystem be Suitable for the Treatment of COVID-19?","authors":"Siu Kan Law, Dawn Chingtung Au, Albert Wingnang Leung, Chuanshan Xu","doi":"10.33263/briac134.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.340","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic occurred over two years and has not yet been finished. There are some possible Chinese medicines formulations used to prevent and treat COVID-19. Single pure herbal such as curcumin is the most common to combat SARS-CoV-2 with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and hepatoprotective properties. This short communication describes another single pure herbal, “Celastrol”, research progress and its nanosystem for the treatment of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43717795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valsartan (VALS) is a first-line therapy for hypertension that belong to the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers class. VALS is currently administered orally, but it is associated with its low bioavailability. The transdermal route can be an alternative to overcome this problem. However, this route has low permeation caused by the presence of stratum corneum on the skin. The use of permeation enhancers is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of PEG 400 concentration on physical characteristics and release of VALS from transdermal patch preparations and determine the effect of solid microneedles on VALS permeation. The transdermal patch formula was made using HPMC as a base and PEG 400 as a permeation enhancer with various concentrations. The patches were evaluated for their physical appearance, weight uniformity, thickness, moisture content, folding endurance, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro drug permeation, and ex vivo permeation test. The results showed that all formulations showed good characteristics for transdermal administration, and the use of PEG 400 could increase the permeation of VALS. Importantly, when combined with solid microneedles, the permeation of VALS was significantly improved. To conclude, the combination of VALS patch transdermal and MNs can increase the amount of VALS permeated.
{"title":"Combinatorial Approach of Polymeric Patches and Solid Microneedles for Improved Transdermal Delivery of Valsartan: A Proof-of-Concept Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.314","url":null,"abstract":"Valsartan (VALS) is a first-line therapy for hypertension that belong to the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers class. VALS is currently administered orally, but it is associated with its low bioavailability. The transdermal route can be an alternative to overcome this problem. However, this route has low permeation caused by the presence of stratum corneum on the skin. The use of permeation enhancers is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of PEG 400 concentration on physical characteristics and release of VALS from transdermal patch preparations and determine the effect of solid microneedles on VALS permeation. The transdermal patch formula was made using HPMC as a base and PEG 400 as a permeation enhancer with various concentrations. The patches were evaluated for their physical appearance, weight uniformity, thickness, moisture content, folding endurance, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro drug permeation, and ex vivo permeation test. The results showed that all formulations showed good characteristics for transdermal administration, and the use of PEG 400 could increase the permeation of VALS. Importantly, when combined with solid microneedles, the permeation of VALS was significantly improved. To conclude, the combination of VALS patch transdermal and MNs can increase the amount of VALS permeated.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amylase and protease are enzymes that have potential applications in the food industry, detergent formulation, pharmaceuticals, waste degradation, and the dehairing process in the leather-making industry. In the current study, fifty-six bacteria were isolated from food wastes and screened for amylase and protease production. Biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize and identify bacterial strains. Ten potential isolates with high extracellular enzyme secretion were selected. Among ten isolates, strain FPWSHA was ideal for α-amylase and protease production based on its larger hydrolytic zone of clearance under casein and starch agar than other isolates. This strain was identified as Bacillus aerius FPWSHA (Accession number in GenBank: OM258619) and utilized to produce protease and α-amylase enzymes using potato peels powder (PPP) waste as a cheap substrate under submerged fermentation. Under culture conditions optimization, 16.9 U/mL amylase and 12.3 U/mL proteases were achieved within 48 h of fermentation. Bacillus aerius was isolated from food wastes for the first time to produce α-amylase and protease enzymes. In the future, the bacterial strain described here should be improved for hydrolytic enzyme production in commercial and biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Concomitant Production of α-Amylase and Protease by Bacillus Aerius Strain FPWSHA Isolated from Food Wastes","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.310","url":null,"abstract":"Amylase and protease are enzymes that have potential applications in the food industry, detergent formulation, pharmaceuticals, waste degradation, and the dehairing process in the leather-making industry. In the current study, fifty-six bacteria were isolated from food wastes and screened for amylase and protease production. Biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize and identify bacterial strains. Ten potential isolates with high extracellular enzyme secretion were selected. Among ten isolates, strain FPWSHA was ideal for α-amylase and protease production based on its larger hydrolytic zone of clearance under casein and starch agar than other isolates. This strain was identified as Bacillus aerius FPWSHA (Accession number in GenBank: OM258619) and utilized to produce protease and α-amylase enzymes using potato peels powder (PPP) waste as a cheap substrate under submerged fermentation. Under culture conditions optimization, 16.9 U/mL amylase and 12.3 U/mL proteases were achieved within 48 h of fermentation. Bacillus aerius was isolated from food wastes for the first time to produce α-amylase and protease enzymes. In the future, the bacterial strain described here should be improved for hydrolytic enzyme production in commercial and biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48472373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrombophilia can be defined as a predisposition to form clots inappropriately. We studied the carrier status for thrombophilia-related genetic variants in a cohort of 237 Romanian patients who were referred to Synevo Romania between January 2021 and April 2021. Two groups of patients consisting of 117 subjects were evaluated for the underlying causes of a VTE (venous thromboembolism) - group A and group B, consisting of 120 patients with no thromboembolic events. All patients were screened for PC, PC, AT-III, FVL, FII, and MTHFR. The presence of thrombophilia was compared between groups. Out of the 117 patients in group A, 113 (96.58 %), revealed at least one of the analyzed mutations, while just 4 (3.41 %) there were no identified mutations; in comparison, the mutation carrier/non-carrier ratio in group B was 104 patients (86.67%) and 16 (13.33%), respectively. The prevalence of FVL and FII mutation in group A, 21/117 (17.94%) heterozygous and 17/117 (14.53%) heterozygous, respectively, was notably higher when compared to 10/120 (8.33%) FVL heterozygous and 6/120 (5%) FII heterozygous in group B (p=0.034 and p=0.0156). The prevalence of inherited natural anticoagulants was comparable between groups with no statistically significant difference (p=0.6592, p= 0.0992, p= 0.6809).
{"title":"Genetic Variants and Biochemical Parameters Associated with the Risk for Venous Thromboembolism in a Romanian Cohort","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.308","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombophilia can be defined as a predisposition to form clots inappropriately. We studied the carrier status for thrombophilia-related genetic variants in a cohort of 237 Romanian patients who were referred to Synevo Romania between January 2021 and April 2021. Two groups of patients consisting of 117 subjects were evaluated for the underlying causes of a VTE (venous thromboembolism) - group A and group B, consisting of 120 patients with no thromboembolic events. All patients were screened for PC, PC, AT-III, FVL, FII, and MTHFR. The presence of thrombophilia was compared between groups. Out of the 117 patients in group A, 113 (96.58 %), revealed at least one of the analyzed mutations, while just 4 (3.41 %) there were no identified mutations; in comparison, the mutation carrier/non-carrier ratio in group B was 104 patients (86.67%) and 16 (13.33%), respectively. The prevalence of FVL and FII mutation in group A, 21/117 (17.94%) heterozygous and 17/117 (14.53%) heterozygous, respectively, was notably higher when compared to 10/120 (8.33%) FVL heterozygous and 6/120 (5%) FII heterozygous in group B (p=0.034 and p=0.0156). The prevalence of inherited natural anticoagulants was comparable between groups with no statistically significant difference (p=0.6592, p= 0.0992, p= 0.6809).","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46675726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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