This study was performed to evaluate the reno-protective and antioxidant effects of aqueous Citrus sinensis (orange) peel extract in male Wistar rats administrated adenine. Adenine was administrated to male Wistar rats at a dose of 0.75 percent w/w in feed daily for four weeks. Rats previously fed adenine were treated with orange peel extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW/day by oral gavage during the same period of adenine administration. The results indicate that rats fed adenine- with aqueous orange peel extract significantly decreased urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations in the blood. The elevated kidney lipid peroxidation product, the lowered glutathione concentration, and the suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly improved. At the same time, the expressions of heme-oxygenase1 (HO-1), wnt7a, and β-catenin genes were actively regulated. Histological changes in the kidney were represented by congestion, hypertrophied glomerulus, vacuolization of the endothelial cells lining the glomerular tuft, and interstitial nephritis in adenine-administrated rats also remarkably improved. In conclusion, administering orange peel aqueous extract with adenine reduces the signs of adenine toxicity on renal function by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.
{"title":"Reno-protective Effect of Citrus sinensis by Regulating Antioxidant Capability and Gene Expression in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney in Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.349","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to evaluate the reno-protective and antioxidant effects of aqueous Citrus sinensis (orange) peel extract in male Wistar rats administrated adenine. Adenine was administrated to male Wistar rats at a dose of 0.75 percent w/w in feed daily for four weeks. Rats previously fed adenine were treated with orange peel extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW/day by oral gavage during the same period of adenine administration. The results indicate that rats fed adenine- with aqueous orange peel extract significantly decreased urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations in the blood. The elevated kidney lipid peroxidation product, the lowered glutathione concentration, and the suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly improved. At the same time, the expressions of heme-oxygenase1 (HO-1), wnt7a, and β-catenin genes were actively regulated. Histological changes in the kidney were represented by congestion, hypertrophied glomerulus, vacuolization of the endothelial cells lining the glomerular tuft, and interstitial nephritis in adenine-administrated rats also remarkably improved. In conclusion, administering orange peel aqueous extract with adenine reduces the signs of adenine toxicity on renal function by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bactericidal and structural study on the "cetylpyridinium chloride-clinoptilolite" associates has been carried out. For the first time, the samples were synthesized using the powdered clinoptilolite from the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine). Eight "cetylpyridinium chloride-clinoptilolite" associates have been synthesized using different cetylpyridinium chloride concentrations and further characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR techniques. The association of the cetylpyridinium cation with the zeolite anionic matrix has been studied. It was found that the adsorption of the cetylpyridinium cations occurs on the clinoptilolite surface without destroying the anionic zeolite framework. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the associates was analyzed, and a significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains was observed, which is caused by the cetylpyridinium cation presence. Unmodified natural and acid-treated clinoptilolites did not show antibacterial activity; however, these can be effectively used as a matrix carrier for the cetylpyridinium cation.
{"title":"Antibacterial Application of Carpathian Clinoptilolite as Cetylpyridinium Carrier","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.348","url":null,"abstract":"A bactericidal and structural study on the \"cetylpyridinium chloride-clinoptilolite\" associates has been carried out. For the first time, the samples were synthesized using the powdered clinoptilolite from the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine). Eight \"cetylpyridinium chloride-clinoptilolite\" associates have been synthesized using different cetylpyridinium chloride concentrations and further characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR techniques. The association of the cetylpyridinium cation with the zeolite anionic matrix has been studied. It was found that the adsorption of the cetylpyridinium cations occurs on the clinoptilolite surface without destroying the anionic zeolite framework. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the associates was analyzed, and a significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains was observed, which is caused by the cetylpyridinium cation presence. Unmodified natural and acid-treated clinoptilolites did not show antibacterial activity; however, these can be effectively used as a matrix carrier for the cetylpyridinium cation.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46330497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A majority of the population is affected by diabetes worldwide. The delay in detection leads to serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and others. To avoid severe consequences, it needs to be detected at the early stages. Various methods and techniques have already been introduced commercially to detect diabetes. But still, there are various limitations to these traditional methods (ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay, boronate affinity chromatography) such as they require more time for operation; also, they are expensive and need expertise for operation. These limitations can be overcome with the application of biosensors integrated with nanomaterials and imprinting techniques. This presented study describes the development of an electrochemical biosensing platform for determining the concentration of glycated albumin. The biosensor was developed using the molecularly imprinting technique to enhance the specificity, stability, and selectivity. Further, to enhance the electrode's conductivity, surface area, and biocompatibility, the sensing platform was modified with Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Furthermore, the presented electrode was evaluated with electrochemical measurements. The biosensor exhibits a detection limit as low as 0.34 nM. Also, it operates in a dynamic concentration range from 0.34 nM to 700 μM. The actual working range was divided into lower (0.34 nM to 35 μM) and higher (200 to 700 μM).
{"title":"A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer@PtNPs/MoS2-Based Electrochemical Platform for Sensing Glycated Albumin Concentration on the Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE)","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.352","url":null,"abstract":"A majority of the population is affected by diabetes worldwide. The delay in detection leads to serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and others. To avoid severe consequences, it needs to be detected at the early stages. Various methods and techniques have already been introduced commercially to detect diabetes. But still, there are various limitations to these traditional methods (ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay, boronate affinity chromatography) such as they require more time for operation; also, they are expensive and need expertise for operation. These limitations can be overcome with the application of biosensors integrated with nanomaterials and imprinting techniques. This presented study describes the development of an electrochemical biosensing platform for determining the concentration of glycated albumin. The biosensor was developed using the molecularly imprinting technique to enhance the specificity, stability, and selectivity. Further, to enhance the electrode's conductivity, surface area, and biocompatibility, the sensing platform was modified with Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Furthermore, the presented electrode was evaluated with electrochemical measurements. The biosensor exhibits a detection limit as low as 0.34 nM. Also, it operates in a dynamic concentration range from 0.34 nM to 700 μM. The actual working range was divided into lower (0.34 nM to 35 μM) and higher (200 to 700 μM).","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, using the mPW1PW91 functional, quantum chemical calculations were used to explore electronic, spectroscopic properties and bonding of an antimalarial drug of chromium arene–quinoline half sandwich complex in gas and aqueous phases. The solvent effects were examined using the self-consistent reaction field theory (SCRF) based on the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Reactivity parameters of the complex and chloroquine were compared. The molecular properties of these molecules were related to their biological activity. The studied complex and chloroquine's octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) were calculated and compared. The correlation between molecular hardness and biological activity was illustrated. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic parameters of the complex was investigated. Cr-C bonds in the studied drug were illustrated using NBO and QTAIM analyses.
{"title":"Exploration of the Electronic, Spectroscopic Properties, and Bonding of an Antimalarial Drug of Chromium Arene–Quinoline Half Sandwich Complex in Aqueous Solution: A PCM Investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.313","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using the mPW1PW91 functional, quantum chemical calculations were used to explore electronic, spectroscopic properties and bonding of an antimalarial drug of chromium arene–quinoline half sandwich complex in gas and aqueous phases. The solvent effects were examined using the self-consistent reaction field theory (SCRF) based on the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Reactivity parameters of the complex and chloroquine were compared. The molecular properties of these molecules were related to their biological activity. The studied complex and chloroquine's octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) were calculated and compared. The correlation between molecular hardness and biological activity was illustrated. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic parameters of the complex was investigated. Cr-C bonds in the studied drug were illustrated using NBO and QTAIM analyses.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to in vitro evaluate the impact of three traditionally used anti-obesity medicinal plant extracts on inflammatory mediators in the THP-1 cell line and adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. After extract preparation, an in vitro evaluation of cell viability using MTT on THP-1 and 3T3-L1, NO production levels using Griess reagent and cytokines production in THP-1 cells, and adipogenicity evaluation using Oil Red O on 3T3-L1 cells were performed. O. europaea showed the highest cytostatic on THP-1 cells with IC50 of 290.6 µg/mL, while R. officinalis was the highest on 3T3-L1 cells with IC50 of 486.6 µg/mL. All extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently nitric oxide (NO) production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 80 µM to control levels after treatment with 125 µg/mL. Similarly, all extracts decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production dose-dependently, with the highest effects reached at 250 µg/mL. all extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 32 pg/mL to 106.8 pg/mL, 83.5 pg/mL and 87 pg/mL at 125µg/mL, respectively. After treatment with plant extracts, the adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 were reduced to 20% of the control values. All three medicinal plants exhibit their traditionally known anti-obesity effects through cytostatic effects, modulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production levels, and reduction of adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation.
{"title":"Rosmarinus Officinalis L, Eriobotrya Japonica and Olea Europaea L Attenuate Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1-Derived Adipocytes and Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced THP-1-Derived Macrophages","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.343","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to in vitro evaluate the impact of three traditionally used anti-obesity medicinal plant extracts on inflammatory mediators in the THP-1 cell line and adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. After extract preparation, an in vitro evaluation of cell viability using MTT on THP-1 and 3T3-L1, NO production levels using Griess reagent and cytokines production in THP-1 cells, and adipogenicity evaluation using Oil Red O on 3T3-L1 cells were performed. O. europaea showed the highest cytostatic on THP-1 cells with IC50 of 290.6 µg/mL, while R. officinalis was the highest on 3T3-L1 cells with IC50 of 486.6 µg/mL. All extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently nitric oxide (NO) production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 80 µM to control levels after treatment with 125 µg/mL. Similarly, all extracts decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production dose-dependently, with the highest effects reached at 250 µg/mL. all extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 32 pg/mL to 106.8 pg/mL, 83.5 pg/mL and 87 pg/mL at 125µg/mL, respectively. After treatment with plant extracts, the adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 were reduced to 20% of the control values. All three medicinal plants exhibit their traditionally known anti-obesity effects through cytostatic effects, modulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production levels, and reduction of adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49009728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface engineering of titanium (Ti) for medical implant applications is an active research area in the biomedical field across the globe. Improving the bioactivity of the Ti surface is crucial for implant applications where osseointegration is essentially required to enhance the healing rate. In the present work, shot peening followed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatments were applied to pure Ti with an objective to investigate the role of surface grain refinement and the oxide layer on biomineralization ability to assess the bioactivity of the surface. After shot peening with steel balls, Ti substrates were subjected to MAO using sodium phosphate solution. Grain refinement was observed at the surface after the shot peening at a submicrometer levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 µm for a thickness of ~ 50µm. Ti sheets subjected to MAO exhibited a porous oxide layer on the surface. From the XRD analysis, the TiO2 layer was observed as a combination of anatase and rutile. Higher Ca/P-based apatite deposition on shot-peened Ti compared with MAO Ti was observed in the in vitro immersion studies. The results indicated increased bioactivity for grain refined Ti compared with MAO Ti. Hence, it is concluded that the microstructure influences the bioactivity of Ti implants compared with the oxide layer.
{"title":"Comparative Investigations on the Bioactivity of Surface Grain Refined Titanium and Surface Oxidized Titanium for Biomedical Implant Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.318","url":null,"abstract":"Surface engineering of titanium (Ti) for medical implant applications is an active research area in the biomedical field across the globe. Improving the bioactivity of the Ti surface is crucial for implant applications where osseointegration is essentially required to enhance the healing rate. In the present work, shot peening followed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatments were applied to pure Ti with an objective to investigate the role of surface grain refinement and the oxide layer on biomineralization ability to assess the bioactivity of the surface. After shot peening with steel balls, Ti substrates were subjected to MAO using sodium phosphate solution. Grain refinement was observed at the surface after the shot peening at a submicrometer levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 µm for a thickness of ~ 50µm. Ti sheets subjected to MAO exhibited a porous oxide layer on the surface. From the XRD analysis, the TiO2 layer was observed as a combination of anatase and rutile. Higher Ca/P-based apatite deposition on shot-peened Ti compared with MAO Ti was observed in the in vitro immersion studies. The results indicated increased bioactivity for grain refined Ti compared with MAO Ti. Hence, it is concluded that the microstructure influences the bioactivity of Ti implants compared with the oxide layer.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many proven beneficial pharmacological effects of polyphenols, and these compounds have been tremendously studied for their role in the human body. Daily intake of polyphenols has shown beneficial effects on the immune system. Polyphenols are the natural compounds present in plants as secondary metabolites. Caffeic acid (CA) is the major one among other compounds of hydroxycinnamic acid, which plays an important role as an antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiviral, etc. It is found in most herbal plants. CA produces its pharmacological effect by altering the activity of various key enzymes. It reduces the blood glucose level by inhibiting enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase in type-2 diabetes. It shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting various transcript factors. The small part of the esterified form of CA is absorbed in the stomach, and the rest of the part is the breakdown in its free form by the microbial esterases in the colon. It enters intestinal cells via active transport mediated by MCT. The maximum plasma concentration is seen after one hour of food ingestion. Methylation, sulphation, and glucuronidation take place after absorption and are excreted primarily through urine. The purpose of this review is to enhance researchers' knowledge to conduct more studies to reveal and optimize CA's biological and pharmacological properties. Based on its pharmacological activity, this compound can be used as a natural safeguard to replace synthetic antibiotics and other synthetic medicine to reduce the medicinal cost and side effects.
{"title":"Chemical, Biological, and Pharmacological Prospects of Caffeic Acid","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.324","url":null,"abstract":"There are many proven beneficial pharmacological effects of polyphenols, and these compounds have been tremendously studied for their role in the human body. Daily intake of polyphenols has shown beneficial effects on the immune system. Polyphenols are the natural compounds present in plants as secondary metabolites. Caffeic acid (CA) is the major one among other compounds of hydroxycinnamic acid, which plays an important role as an antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiviral, etc. It is found in most herbal plants. CA produces its pharmacological effect by altering the activity of various key enzymes. It reduces the blood glucose level by inhibiting enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase in type-2 diabetes. It shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting various transcript factors. The small part of the esterified form of CA is absorbed in the stomach, and the rest of the part is the breakdown in its free form by the microbial esterases in the colon. It enters intestinal cells via active transport mediated by MCT. The maximum plasma concentration is seen after one hour of food ingestion. Methylation, sulphation, and glucuronidation take place after absorption and are excreted primarily through urine. The purpose of this review is to enhance researchers' knowledge to conduct more studies to reveal and optimize CA's biological and pharmacological properties. Based on its pharmacological activity, this compound can be used as a natural safeguard to replace synthetic antibiotics and other synthetic medicine to reduce the medicinal cost and side effects.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present manuscript, uncoated and citric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using various techniques. The manuscript mainly focuses on the adsorption study of the citric acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles for dye adsorption from the solution. The effect of several factors, including adsorbent amount, adsorption time, and dye solution concentration, were examined. Additionally, kinetic and isotherm studies confirmed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The desorption study was also scrutinized. The coated magnetite nanoparticles show better adsorption capacity than uncoated magnetite nanoparticles.
{"title":"Dye Elimination by Surface-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.325","url":null,"abstract":"In the present manuscript, uncoated and citric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using various techniques. The manuscript mainly focuses on the adsorption study of the citric acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles for dye adsorption from the solution. The effect of several factors, including adsorbent amount, adsorption time, and dye solution concentration, were examined. Additionally, kinetic and isotherm studies confirmed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The desorption study was also scrutinized. The coated magnetite nanoparticles show better adsorption capacity than uncoated magnetite nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45065258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic inflammation is common in infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and autoimmune diseases. Several pharmaceutical therapies are readily available. However, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is accompanied by dangerous side effects. Therefore, searching for safer alternative therapies with no side effects is very important. Currently, natural sources of kelulut bee (Heterotrigona itama) propolis have not been fully utilized for treatment, especially for inflammation. This study aims to study the bioactivity of kelulut bee propolis H. itama as an anti-inflammatory. The literature review was used as a method by searching related journals using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Garuda. Based on the study's results, it was found that H. itama propolis has the potential to suppress inflammation through the inhibition of free radicals and decrease COX-2. The compounds that have the potential to have this activity are influenced by the resin source collected by the kelulut bees. This information can be used as a reference for developing natural ingredients from propolis for anti-inflammatory properties.
{"title":"Bioactivity of Heterotrigona itama Propolis as Anti-Inflammatory: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.326","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic inflammation is common in infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and autoimmune diseases. Several pharmaceutical therapies are readily available. However, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is accompanied by dangerous side effects. Therefore, searching for safer alternative therapies with no side effects is very important. Currently, natural sources of kelulut bee (Heterotrigona itama) propolis have not been fully utilized for treatment, especially for inflammation. This study aims to study the bioactivity of kelulut bee propolis H. itama as an anti-inflammatory. The literature review was used as a method by searching related journals using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Garuda. Based on the study's results, it was found that H. itama propolis has the potential to suppress inflammation through the inhibition of free radicals and decrease COX-2. The compounds that have the potential to have this activity are influenced by the resin source collected by the kelulut bees. This information can be used as a reference for developing natural ingredients from propolis for anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinchona is a plant used in traditional malaria treatment. This review aims to examine pharmacological activities to increase the benefits and uses of the bioactive compounds found in the bark of the Cinchona trees as medicine and cosmetics. A literature search was conducted through the internet database https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/; https://scholar.google.com/; https://www.sciencedirect.com/; https://www.wiley.com/en-us from 1998-2022. The main phytochemical content of Cinchona bark is quinoline alkaloids (quinine, cinchonidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine), with total alkaloid concentrations varying between 6 and 15% (Cinchona succirubra ranging from 5-7%, Cinchona calisaya 4-7% and Cinchona ledgeriana 5-14%). Cinchona quinoline alkaloids have the same active site on the nitrogen atom in the quinuclidine ring and the methylene alcohol functional group, which plays an essential role in their pharmacological activity. Besides being used as an antimalarial, Cinchona alkaloids are currently being developed as their anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal, muscle cramps, hair growth stimulant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antiplatelet, antiviral, anesthetic, and antipyretic properties. Conclusion: Quinoline alkaloids of Cinchona sp have various pharmacological activities that have the potency to be developed as drugs and cosmetics.
{"title":"A Review: Pharmacological Activities of Quinoline Alkaloid of Cinchona sp.","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.319","url":null,"abstract":"Cinchona is a plant used in traditional malaria treatment. This review aims to examine pharmacological activities to increase the benefits and uses of the bioactive compounds found in the bark of the Cinchona trees as medicine and cosmetics. A literature search was conducted through the internet database https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/; https://scholar.google.com/; https://www.sciencedirect.com/; https://www.wiley.com/en-us from 1998-2022. The main phytochemical content of Cinchona bark is quinoline alkaloids (quinine, cinchonidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine), with total alkaloid concentrations varying between 6 and 15% (Cinchona succirubra ranging from 5-7%, Cinchona calisaya 4-7% and Cinchona ledgeriana 5-14%). Cinchona quinoline alkaloids have the same active site on the nitrogen atom in the quinuclidine ring and the methylene alcohol functional group, which plays an essential role in their pharmacological activity. Besides being used as an antimalarial, Cinchona alkaloids are currently being developed as their anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal, muscle cramps, hair growth stimulant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antiplatelet, antiviral, anesthetic, and antipyretic properties. Conclusion: Quinoline alkaloids of Cinchona sp have various pharmacological activities that have the potency to be developed as drugs and cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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