Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006437
A. Yousaf
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Buffalo and Cow Calves in Rural Areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in Cow and buffaloes Calves in rural areas of Rawalpindi. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection is a serious issue in cattle management. Effects of GI parasites may vary with age, sex of cattle, nutritional condition, and severity of infection. A total of 300 calves were used in this investigation (150 of each buffalo and cow). According to the findings, worm infection was found in 68.67% of buffalo and 51.33% of cow calves. Nematodes had the highest prevalence, followed by mixed infection and cestodes, while no calf tested positive for trematodes. Buffalo and cow calves aged 1 to 6 months had the highest incidence (79.27%, 67.11%) when compared to the age range of 7 to 12 months (55.88%, 35.14%). Grazing calves were more infectious (75.61% buffalo calves, 73.68% cow calves) than stall fed calves (60.29% buffalo calves, 28.38% cow calves). Male buffalo calves were more afflicted (70.73%) than female buffalo calves (66.18%), whereas Male cow calves were (55.26%) as compare with female cow calves (47.30%) affected.
{"title":"\"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Buffalo and Cow Calves in Rural Areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan\"","authors":"A. Yousaf","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006437","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Buffalo and Cow Calves in Rural Areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in Cow and buffaloes Calves in rural areas of Rawalpindi. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection is a serious issue in cattle management. Effects of GI parasites may vary with age, sex of cattle, nutritional condition, and severity of infection. A total of 300 calves were used in this investigation (150 of each buffalo and cow). According to the findings, worm infection was found in 68.67% of buffalo and 51.33% of cow calves. Nematodes had the highest prevalence, followed by mixed infection and cestodes, while no calf tested positive for trematodes. Buffalo and cow calves aged 1 to 6 months had the highest incidence (79.27%, 67.11%) when compared to the age range of 7 to 12 months (55.88%, 35.14%). Grazing calves were more infectious (75.61% buffalo calves, 73.68% cow calves) than stall fed calves (60.29% buffalo calves, 28.38% cow calves). Male buffalo calves were more afflicted (70.73%) than female buffalo calves (66.18%), whereas Male cow calves were (55.26%) as compare with female cow calves (47.30%) affected.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006435
I. Mondal
and CMTMCC. CMTMCC modified fabric exhibited best antimicrobial activity. TMCC and CMTMCC treated fabric showed more wicking height (cm) comparatively than chitosan treated fabric. Moisture absorption and moisture liberation, swelling and water vapor permeability of treated fabric were investigated. Thermal stability of treated fabric was also studied. All these characteristics support the TMCC and CMTMCC treated fabric could be the valuable materials for medical textile sector.
{"title":"\"Chitosan Derivatives - Promising Sustainable Biopolymers for Quality Healthcare Textiles\"","authors":"I. Mondal","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006435","url":null,"abstract":"and CMTMCC. CMTMCC modified fabric exhibited best antimicrobial activity. TMCC and CMTMCC treated fabric showed more wicking height (cm) comparatively than chitosan treated fabric. Moisture absorption and moisture liberation, swelling and water vapor permeability of treated fabric were investigated. Thermal stability of treated fabric was also studied. All these characteristics support the TMCC and CMTMCC treated fabric could be the valuable materials for medical textile sector.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73048869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006436
A. P. Piovezan
Nerve lesions causes hyperalgesia and loss of motor function. Gabapentin (GABAP) is used in this condition for pain relief, while atorvastatin (ATORV) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. We have investigated the influence of GABAP and ATORV on nerve injury. Mice (25-35 g) were subjected to partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. Influence of the drugs on hyperalgesia and grip force was assessed before injury, 7, 14 and 21 days thereafter. Data evaluated by 1 or 2-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). GABAP (26.67 4.21% of response) and ATORV (36.67 10.85% of response), alone or in combination, reduced hyperalgesia (vehicle: 76.00 11.66% of response); there was an important effect for the association of these drugs on the grip force. The two agents augmented levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, (vehicle: 105.30 12.53 pg/mg of protein; GABAP: 34.92 5.92 pg/mg of protein; ATORV: 33.77 4.20 pg/mg of protein) and insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1, (vehicle: 399.60 61.30 pg/mg of protein; GABAP: 388.30 38.57 pg/mg of protein; ATORV: 306.50 16.72 pg/mg of protein). Association of these substances of different pharmacological classes, may bring benefits on hyperalgesia and motor function associated with nerve lesions.
{"title":"\"Influence of Gabapentin and Atorvastatin, or its Association, in Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Motor Function Assessed on Crushing Nerve Injury Model\"","authors":"A. P. Piovezan","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006436","url":null,"abstract":"Nerve lesions causes hyperalgesia and loss of motor function. Gabapentin (GABAP) is used in this condition for pain relief, while atorvastatin (ATORV) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. We have investigated the influence of GABAP and ATORV on nerve injury. Mice (25-35 g) were subjected to partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. Influence of the drugs on hyperalgesia and grip force was assessed before injury, 7, 14 and 21 days thereafter. Data evaluated by 1 or 2-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). GABAP (26.67 4.21% of response) and ATORV (36.67 10.85% of response), alone or in combination, reduced hyperalgesia (vehicle: 76.00 11.66% of response); there was an important effect for the association of these drugs on the grip force. The two agents augmented levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, (vehicle: 105.30 12.53 pg/mg of protein; GABAP: 34.92 5.92 pg/mg of protein; ATORV: 33.77 4.20 pg/mg of protein) and insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1, (vehicle: 399.60 61.30 pg/mg of protein; GABAP: 388.30 38.57 pg/mg of protein; ATORV: 306.50 16.72 pg/mg of protein). Association of these substances of different pharmacological classes, may bring benefits on hyperalgesia and motor function associated with nerve lesions.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87101402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006434
Ichrak Ben Amor
Background: The present study was focused on the study of essential oil extraction from the zest of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and the determination of antioxidant and antitumor activities. Methods: Grapefruit essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, grapefruit essential oil was analyzed for antioxidant potential in the chemical system by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP test, and scavenging activity of nitric oxide. The cytotoxicity study of grapefruit essential oil was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 tumor cells. Results: The extraction yield obtained after optimization was 1.32 %. Antioxidant activities were studied using chemical systems. The results have been very interesting since we got 54 %, 83 %, 66 % respectively with DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and a notable effect to scavenging NO• radical. In addition, a significant antitumor effect of grapefruit essential oil was observed in HeLa and MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: The data serve as the basis for the consumption of Citrus paradisi essential oil, with significant antioxidant activity, with no harmful effect for the normal cells, and with antitumor potential.
{"title":"\"Antioxidant Capacity and Antitumoral Activity of Citrus Paradisi Essential Oil\"","authors":"Ichrak Ben Amor","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was focused on the study of essential oil extraction from the zest of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and the determination of antioxidant and antitumor activities. Methods: Grapefruit essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, grapefruit essential oil was analyzed for antioxidant potential in the chemical system by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP test, and scavenging activity of nitric oxide. The cytotoxicity study of grapefruit essential oil was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 tumor cells. Results: The extraction yield obtained after optimization was 1.32 %. Antioxidant activities were studied using chemical systems. The results have been very interesting since we got 54 %, 83 %, 66 % respectively with DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and a notable effect to scavenging NO• radical. In addition, a significant antitumor effect of grapefruit essential oil was observed in HeLa and MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: The data serve as the basis for the consumption of Citrus paradisi essential oil, with significant antioxidant activity, with no harmful effect for the normal cells, and with antitumor potential.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90579871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006433
A. Yousaf
The poultry business has expanded dramatically over the last fifty years, with more than 35 billion broiler birds produced each year [1]. Due to the economic benefits of increasing body weight, the need for enhanced growth rate and output has resulted in differential growth of body components, such as rapid muscular growth [2]. This expansion, however, is not accompanied by skeletal development. Lame broilers have trouble walking and, as a result, they can’t go to the feeder or drinker when they are hungry or thirsty [2]. Their quality of life is being harmed by their laziness. The presence of lameness in birds is significantly linked to their weight and fast development [3]. Furthermore, the broilers may experience discomfort as a result of mobility issues. It can reduce ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
{"title":"\"A Review Study on Legs Lameness and Weaknesses Assessment Methods in Commercial Broiler Farming in Pakistan\"","authors":"A. Yousaf","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006433","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry business has expanded dramatically over the last fifty years, with more than 35 billion broiler birds produced each year [1]. Due to the economic benefits of increasing body weight, the need for enhanced growth rate and output has resulted in differential growth of body components, such as rapid muscular growth [2]. This expansion, however, is not accompanied by skeletal development. Lame broilers have trouble walking and, as a result, they can’t go to the feeder or drinker when they are hungry or thirsty [2]. Their quality of life is being harmed by their laziness. The presence of lameness in birds is significantly linked to their weight and fast development [3]. Furthermore, the broilers may experience discomfort as a result of mobility issues. It can reduce ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86609625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006432
Faran Mustafa
{"title":"\"Influence of Nanoparticles on the Growth, Development and Germination of Plants and Their Subsequent Effects on the Environment: A Review\"","authors":"Faran Mustafa","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80423485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006430
R. Kandrokov
to determine the optimal parameters of hydrothermal processing of spelt grain in the of are presented. A distinctive was that the original grain of spelt was passed through a peeling machine with the removal of 10% of the flower and seed membranes. Due to the fact that the initial grain of spelt was peeled, the total extraction of intermediate products of grinding on I-III drede systems was increased and amounted to more than 85%. The extraction mode of spelt flour on 1-3 grinding systems is at least 50%. The process of grinding and forming the quality of spelt flour is shown in the form of cumulative ash and whiteness curves. The presence of 2 stages of flour formation during the grinding of peeled spelt grain according to the developed technological scheme was established, which is quite clearly seen from the graphs of cumulative curves. The optimal time for the peeling of spelt grain sent for processing into baking flour has been established, which is 6 hours. When grinding the peeled grain of spelt into baking flour, regardless of the time of fermentation, the total yield of spelt flour was 87.4-90.0%. At the same time, all the flour obtained in all 5 modes of the TP to corresponded to grade 1 (in terms of whiteness). The obtained results be recommended for use in the construction of a flour mill for processing spelt into baking flour when calculating bunkers for the removal of grain entering for processing on the roll machine of the I drednaya system.
{"title":"\"Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Yield and Quality of Spelt Flour\"","authors":"R. Kandrokov","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006430","url":null,"abstract":"to determine the optimal parameters of hydrothermal processing of spelt grain in the of are presented. A distinctive was that the original grain of spelt was passed through a peeling machine with the removal of 10% of the flower and seed membranes. Due to the fact that the initial grain of spelt was peeled, the total extraction of intermediate products of grinding on I-III drede systems was increased and amounted to more than 85%. The extraction mode of spelt flour on 1-3 grinding systems is at least 50%. The process of grinding and forming the quality of spelt flour is shown in the form of cumulative ash and whiteness curves. The presence of 2 stages of flour formation during the grinding of peeled spelt grain according to the developed technological scheme was established, which is quite clearly seen from the graphs of cumulative curves. The optimal time for the peeling of spelt grain sent for processing into baking flour has been established, which is 6 hours. When grinding the peeled grain of spelt into baking flour, regardless of the time of fermentation, the total yield of spelt flour was 87.4-90.0%. At the same time, all the flour obtained in all 5 modes of the TP to corresponded to grade 1 (in terms of whiteness). The obtained results be recommended for use in the construction of a flour mill for processing spelt into baking flour when calculating bunkers for the removal of grain entering for processing on the roll machine of the I drednaya system.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87909055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006427
Wangdo Kim
example, weight applied to shank/thigh bones would cause it to slide off its knee joint if it were not for the tensional balances that hold it in place and control its pivoting Swanson [6]. The invariant feature of tensegrity structures encompasses those that stabilize themselves through a phenomenon known as pre-stressing. Architects call this type of pre-stressed structural network, composed of opposing tension and compression elements that self-stabilize its shape by establishing a mechanical force balance, a tensegrity structure. Bio tensegrity is a term introduced by Dr. Stephen Levin and denotes the application of tensegrity’s principles to biological structures ABSTRACT Tensional Network in the Knee. Biomed The tensegrity structure is distinguished in that the compressed components must be disconnected, and the tensioned components should be connected to create an “ocean” of continuous tension with discontinuous compression floating in it. However, the beginning of a geometric pattern that has emerged as the body begins to move is largely unknown. The linear line systems were used to model a tensional network in equilibrium at the knee by using a triple infinity of lines, which constitute a linear line complex. Independently of the degree of freedom of the body, this study demonstrates a tensional network using an n-line in a body before the body moves by virtue of some constraints upon the body. It has been shown that a special kind of line in a body, which is determined by the constraints, namely n-line, is a regularly occurring and probably useful kind of line to explain the medium of haptic perception in equilibrium throughout the tensional network of the knee body.
{"title":"A Tensional Network in the Knee","authors":"Wangdo Kim","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006427","url":null,"abstract":"example, weight applied to shank/thigh bones would cause it to slide off its knee joint if it were not for the tensional balances that hold it in place and control its pivoting Swanson [6]. The invariant feature of tensegrity structures encompasses those that stabilize themselves through a phenomenon known as pre-stressing. Architects call this type of pre-stressed structural network, composed of opposing tension and compression elements that self-stabilize its shape by establishing a mechanical force balance, a tensegrity structure. Bio tensegrity is a term introduced by Dr. Stephen Levin and denotes the application of tensegrity’s principles to biological structures ABSTRACT Tensional Network in the Knee. Biomed The tensegrity structure is distinguished in that the compressed components must be disconnected, and the tensioned components should be connected to create an “ocean” of continuous tension with discontinuous compression floating in it. However, the beginning of a geometric pattern that has emerged as the body begins to move is largely unknown. The linear line systems were used to model a tensional network in equilibrium at the knee by using a triple infinity of lines, which constitute a linear line complex. Independently of the degree of freedom of the body, this study demonstrates a tensional network using an n-line in a body before the body moves by virtue of some constraints upon the body. It has been shown that a special kind of line in a body, which is determined by the constraints, namely n-line, is a regularly occurring and probably useful kind of line to explain the medium of haptic perception in equilibrium throughout the tensional network of the knee body.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79015394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006431
D. Hidosa
“The overall productive and reproductive performances of livestock in Ethiopia are generally very low” [1-3]. Likewise, the poor-quality feeds and inadequate supply of feed biomass from the grazing-land (natural-pasture) to livestock in South Omo Zone are one of the important element that are contributing to low outputs (milk, meat and growth rates) from the livestock [4,5]. It seems that the nutritive values generated from the grazing-lands are seriously affected by dynamics of pasture-forages [5,6]. Hence, nutritive values from the extensive-grazing-lands do not realize the crude protein and energy demands of livestock. “This is activating to escalation great slow growth rates, high mortality, longer calving intervals and substantial weight loss” [7,8]. The supplementary feeding system is the addition of some feeds that are rich with vital nutrients to low-quality-forage to improve the intake and digestibility of low-quality forages aimed for higher outputs from animals. The evaluating and familiarizing of locally adaptable improved forages-crops to supplement the extensive-pasture-grazing system for pastoral and agro-pastoral areas is only the way to engulf feed shortages [4,5]. The Leucaena species is one of legume fodder trees, which is evergreen, highly branched and have a fast-growing potential, which grows up to a height of 5m to 20m [9]. It well adapted and better yielded in a wide range of rainfall environments which ranging from 6503,000mm with warm temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C [10]. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
{"title":"\"Biomass Yields and Nutritive Composition of Leucaena Varieties in Irrigated Lowland of Dassench Woreda of South Omo, South-Western Ethiopia\"","authors":"D. Hidosa","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006431","url":null,"abstract":"“The overall productive and reproductive performances of livestock in Ethiopia are generally very low” [1-3]. Likewise, the poor-quality feeds and inadequate supply of feed biomass from the grazing-land (natural-pasture) to livestock in South Omo Zone are one of the important element that are contributing to low outputs (milk, meat and growth rates) from the livestock [4,5]. It seems that the nutritive values generated from the grazing-lands are seriously affected by dynamics of pasture-forages [5,6]. Hence, nutritive values from the extensive-grazing-lands do not realize the crude protein and energy demands of livestock. “This is activating to escalation great slow growth rates, high mortality, longer calving intervals and substantial weight loss” [7,8]. The supplementary feeding system is the addition of some feeds that are rich with vital nutrients to low-quality-forage to improve the intake and digestibility of low-quality forages aimed for higher outputs from animals. The evaluating and familiarizing of locally adaptable improved forages-crops to supplement the extensive-pasture-grazing system for pastoral and agro-pastoral areas is only the way to engulf feed shortages [4,5]. The Leucaena species is one of legume fodder trees, which is evergreen, highly branched and have a fast-growing potential, which grows up to a height of 5m to 20m [9]. It well adapted and better yielded in a wide range of rainfall environments which ranging from 6503,000mm with warm temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C [10]. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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