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Basophil activation in insect venom allergy: comparison of an established test using liquid reagents with a test using 5-color tubes with dried antibody reagents 昆虫毒液过敏中的嗜碱性粒细胞活化:使用液体试剂的成熟检测方法与使用五色管和干燥抗体试剂的检测方法的比较
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00616-0
Sebastian Waldherr, Miriam Hils, Martin Köberle, Knut Brockow, Ulf Darsow, Simon Blank, Tilo Biedermann, Bernadette Eberlein
Flow cytometry-based basophil activation tests (BAT) have been performed with various modifications, differing in the use of distinct identification and activation markers. Established tests use liquid reagents while a new development involves the use of tubes with dried antibody reagents. The aim of this pilot study was to compare these two techniques in patients with insect venom allergy. Seventeen patients with an insect venom allergy were included in the study. The established “BAT 1” utilizes conventional antibody solutions of anti-CCR3 for basophil identification and anti-CD63 to assess basophil activation, whereas “BAT 2” uses dried anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CRTH2, anti-203c and anti-CD63 for identification and activation measurement of basophils. Negative and positive controls as well as incubations with honey bee venom and yellow jacket venom at three concentrations were performed. Seven patients had to be excluded due to low basophil counts, high values in negative controls or negative positive controls. For the remaining 10 patients the overall mean (± SD) difference in activated basophils between the two tests was 0.2 (± 12.2) %P. In a Bland-Altman plot, the limit of agreement (LoA) ranged from 24.0 to -23.7. In the qualitative evaluation (value below/above cut-off) Cohen’s kappa was 0.77 indicating substantial agreement. BAT 2 took longer to perform than BAT 1 and was more expensive. The BAT 2 technique represents an interesting innovation, however, it was found to be less suitable compared to an established BAT for the routine diagnosis of insect venom allergies.
基于流式细胞仪的嗜碱性粒细胞活化检测(BAT)在使用不同的识别和活化标记物方面有各种不同的改进。成熟的测试使用液体试剂,而新开发的测试则使用带有干燥抗体试剂的试管。这项试验性研究的目的是在昆虫毒液过敏患者中比较这两种技术。17 名昆虫毒液过敏患者参与了这项研究。已建立的 "BAT 1 "使用传统的抗-CCR3 抗体溶液来鉴定嗜碱性粒细胞,并使用抗-CD63 来评估嗜碱性粒细胞的活化情况;而 "BAT 2 "则使用干燥的抗-CD45、抗-CD3、抗-CRTH2、抗-203c 和抗-CD63 来鉴定和测量嗜碱性粒细胞的活化情况。此外,还进行了阴性和阳性对照以及三种浓度的蜜蜂毒液和黄夹克毒液培养。由于嗜碱性粒细胞计数偏低、阴性对照组数值偏高或阳性对照组为阴性,有七名患者被排除在外。其余 10 名患者的嗜碱性粒细胞活化率在两次试验中的总平均值(± SD)差异为 0.2 (± 12.2) %P。在 Bland-Altman 图中,一致性极限(LoA)在 24.0 到 -23.7 之间。在定性评估(低于/高于临界值)中,科恩卡帕值为 0.77,表明两者的一致性很高。BAT 2 比 BAT 1 耗时更长,成本更高。BAT 2 技术是一项有趣的创新,但与成熟的 BAT 相比,它不太适合用于昆虫毒液过敏的常规诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: profile of immune cells and cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin 艾滋病毒感染免疫学监测方面的先进技术:贝宁艾滋病毒-1 感染者的免疫细胞和细胞因子概况
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00615-1
Yaou Pierrot Assogba, Adefounke Prudencia Adechina, Edmond Tchiakpe, Odilon Paterne Nouatin, René K. Kèkè, Moussa Bachabi, Honoré Sourou Bankole, Akadiri Yessoufou
Immune cells and cytokines have been linked to viremia dynamic and immune status during HIV infection. They may serve as useful biomarkers in the monitoring of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). The present work was aimed to assess whether cytokines and immune cell profiles may help in the therapeutic follow-up of PLHIV-1. Forty PLHIV-1 in treatment success (PLHIV-1s) and fifty PLHIV-1 in treatment failure (PLHIV-1f) followed at the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin were enrolled. Twenty healthy persons were also recruited as control group. Circulating cytokines and immune cells were quantified respectively by ELISA and flow cytometry. PLHIV-1 exhibited low proportions of CD4 + T cells, NK, NKT, granulocytes, classical and non-classical monocytes, and high proportions of CD8 + T cells, particularly in the PLHIV-1f group, compared to control subjects. Eosinophils, neutrophils and B cell frequencies did not change between the study groups. Circulating IFN-γ decreased whereas IL-4 significantly increased in PLHIV-1s compared to PLHIV-1f and control subjects even though the HIV infection in PLHIV-1s downregulated the high Th1 phenotype observed in control subjects. However, Th1/Th2 ratio remained biased to a Th1 phenotype in PLHIV-1f, suggesting that high viral load may have maintained a potential pro-inflammatory status in these patients. Data on inflammatory cytokines showed that IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in PLHIV-1s and PLHIV-1f groups than in control subjects. Significant high levels of IL-5 and IL-7 were observed in PLHIV-1f compared to controls whereas PLHIV-1s presented only a high level of IL-5. No change was observed in IL-13 levels between the study groups. Our study shows that, in addition to CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, NK and NKT cells along with IL-6, TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-7 cytokines could serve as valuable immunological biomarkers in the therapeutic monitoring of PLHIV-1 although a larger number of patients would be necessary to confirm these results.
免疫细胞和细胞因子与艾滋病毒感染期间的病毒血症动态和免疫状态有关。它们可作为监测 HIV-1 感染者(PLHIV-1)的有用生物标志物。本研究旨在评估细胞因子和免疫细胞图谱是否有助于对 PLHIV-1 进行治疗跟踪。在贝宁阿波美-卡拉维/索阿瓦大学医院随访的 40 名治疗成功的 PLHIV-1 (PLHIV-1s) 和 50 名治疗失败的 PLHIV-1 (PLHIV-1f)。另外还招募了 20 名健康人作为对照组。循环细胞因子和免疫细胞分别通过酶联免疫吸附试验和流式细胞术进行量化。与对照组相比,PLHIV-1 组的 CD4 + T 细胞、NK、NKT、粒细胞、经典和非经典单核细胞比例较低,而 CD8 + T 细胞比例较高,尤其是 PLHIV-1f 组。嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞和 B 细胞的频率在研究组之间没有变化。与 PLHIV-1f 和对照组相比,PLHIV-1s 组的循环 IFN-γ 减少,而 IL-4 则显著增加,尽管 PLHIV-1s 组的艾滋病毒感染降低了对照组的高 Th1 表型。然而,在 PLHIV-1f 中,Th1/Th2 比率仍偏向于 Th1 表型,这表明高病毒载量可能使这些患者保持潜在的促炎状态。炎症细胞因子数据显示,PLHIV-1s 和 PLHIV-1f 组的 IL-6 和 TNF-α 浓度明显高于对照组。与对照组相比,PLHIV-1f 组的 IL-5 和 IL-7 水平明显较高,而 PLHIV-1s 组仅有较高的 IL-5 水平。研究组之间的 IL-13 水平没有变化。我们的研究表明,除了 CD4/CD8 T 细胞比率外,NK 和 NKT 细胞以及 IL-6、TNF-α、IL-5 和 IL-7 细胞因子可作为有价值的免疫生物标志物,用于 PLHIV-1 的治疗监测,尽管需要更多的患者来证实这些结果。
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引用次数: 0
Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis 作为免疫系统调节剂的螺旋藻衍生蛋白:对其缓解结肠炎前景的系统回顾
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00614-2
Maimonah Alghanmi, Faisal Minshawi, Tarfa A. Altorki, Ayat Zawawi, Isra Alsaady, Abdallah Y Naser, Hassan Alwafi, Soa’ad M. Alsulami, Ala A. Azhari, Anwar M Hashem, Rowa Alhabbab
Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host’s immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting regulatory T-cell development, and ultimately favouring a Th2-biased immune response. This systematic review focused on helminth-derived proteins and explored their impact on reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis. A systematic search across Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified fourteen relevant studies. These studies reported immunomodulatory changes, including increased production of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. In mouse models of colitis treated with on helminth-derived proteins, significant improvements in pathological parameters such as body weight, colon length, and microscopic inflammatory scores were observed compared to control groups. Moreover, helminth-derived proteins can enhance the function of Tregs and alleviate the severity of inflammatory conditions. The findings underscore the pivotal role of helminth-derived proteins in immunomodulation, specifically in the axis of cytokine secretion and immune cell polarization. The findings offer new opportunities for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such Crohn’s disease.
蠕虫衍生蛋白具有免疫调节特性,可影响宿主的免疫反应,是蠕虫生存的一种适应性策略。螺旋虫衍生蛋白通过诱导抗炎细胞因子、促进调节性T细胞发育以及最终有利于Th2偏向的免疫反应来调节免疫反应。本系统综述重点研究蠕虫衍生蛋白,探讨它们对减轻小鼠结肠炎模型炎症反应的影响。通过对 Medline、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行系统检索,发现了 14 项相关研究。这些研究报告了免疫调节变化,包括抗炎细胞和细胞因子产量的增加。在使用蠕虫衍生蛋白治疗结肠炎的小鼠模型中,与对照组相比,体重、结肠长度和显微炎症评分等病理参数都有显著改善。此外,蠕虫衍生蛋白还能增强Tregs的功能,减轻炎症的严重程度。这些发现强调了蠕虫衍生蛋白在免疫调节中的关键作用,特别是在细胞因子分泌和免疫细胞极化轴中的作用。这些发现为治疗克罗恩病等慢性炎症提供了新的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Association of interleukin-17A and chemokine/vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer. 新诊断的膀胱癌患者中白细胞介素-17A与趋化因子/血管内皮生长因子诱导的血管生成有关。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00612-4
Ali Moadab, Mohammad Rafie Valizadeh, Alireza Nazari, Hossein Khorramdelazad

Background: The human interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises IL-17A to IL-17 F; their receptors are IL-17RA to IL-17RE. Evidence revealed that these cytokines can have a tumor-supportive or anti-tumor impact on human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of CXCR2, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC genes at the mRNA level as well as tissue and serum levels of IL-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) compared to control.

Results: This study showed that gene expression of IL-17RA, IL-17RC, and CXCR2 in the tumoral tissue of BC patients was significantly upregulated compared with normal tissue. The findings disclosed a significant difference in the serum and tissue concentrations of IL-17A, VEGF, and TGF-β between the patient and the control groups, as well as tumor and normal tissues.

Conclusion: This study reveals notable dysregulation of CXCR2, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC genes, alongside changes in IL-17A, VEGF, and TGF-β levels in patients with BC than in controls. These findings indicate their possible involvement in BC development and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

背景:人类白细胞介素-17(IL-17)家族由 IL-17A 至 IL-17 F 组成,其受体为 IL-17RA 至 IL-17RE。有证据表明,这些细胞因子可对人类恶性肿瘤产生支持或抗肿瘤影响。本研究的目的是评估膀胱癌(BC)患者与对照组相比,CXCR2、IL-17RA 和 IL-17RC 基因在 mRNA 水平上的表达以及组织和血清中 IL-17A、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和转化生长因子 β(TGF-β)的水平:研究表明,与正常组织相比,膀胱癌患者肿瘤组织中 IL-17RA、IL-17RC 和 CXCR2 的基因表达明显上调。研究结果表明,IL-17A、血管内皮生长因子和 TGF-β 在患者组与对照组、肿瘤组织与正常组织之间的血清和组织浓度存在明显差异:本研究发现,与对照组相比,BC 患者的 CXCR2、IL-17RA 和 IL-17RC 基因明显失调,同时 IL-17A、VEGF 和 TGF-β 水平也发生了变化。这些发现表明,它们可能参与了 BC 的发展,并有可能成为诊断和治疗目标。
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引用次数: 0
Causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length: mendelian randomization analysis. 免疫细胞与端粒长度之间的因果关系:泯灭随机分析。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6
Yujian Li, Shenglin Lai, Xuan Kan

Background: The causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length remains controversial.

Methods: Data on the immune cells were obtained from a previous study with 3,757 participants. Data on telomere length were obtained from the OpenGWAS database. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were obtained and screened for eligible instrumental variables (IVs) using the TwoSampleMR package and the Phenoscanner database. To investigate the genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) analysis were used.

Results: MR analysis showed that there is indeed a genetic causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length. A total of 16 immune cells were successfully validated. A positive correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as CD28 + CD45RA + CD8br %CD8br (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003). A negative correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as Transitional AC (OR = 0.991, 95%CI: 0.984-0.997) (P < 0.05). Reverse MR analysis similarly confirmed that telomere length can affect four types of immune cells, including CD25 on IgD + CD24- (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.060-1.571), at the genetic level.

Conclusion: There is indeed a mutual genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, which will provide theoretical basis and support for more subsequent clinical studies.

背景:免疫细胞与端粒长度之间的因果关系仍存在争议:免疫细胞与端粒长度之间的因果关系仍存在争议:免疫细胞的数据来自于之前一项有 3757 名参与者参与的研究。端粒长度的数据来自 OpenGWAS 数据库。利用TwoSampleMR软件包和Phenoscanner数据库获取了全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据,并筛选出符合条件的工具变量(IV)。为了研究免疫细胞与端粒长度之间的遗传因果关系,采用了孟德尔随机(MR)分析和贝叶斯加权孟德尔随机(BWMR)分析:MR分析表明,免疫细胞与端粒长度之间确实存在遗传因果关系。共有 16 种免疫细胞被成功验证。端粒长度与免疫细胞(如 CD28 + CD45RA + CD8br %CD8br)之间呈正相关(OR = 1.002,95%CI:1.000-1.003)。端粒长度与免疫细胞(如过渡性 AC)之间呈负相关(OR = 0.991,95%CI:0.984-0.997)(P 结论:端粒长度与免疫细胞(如过渡性 AC)之间确实存在遗传上的互为因果关系:免疫细胞与端粒长度之间确实存在相互的遗传因果关系,这将为后续更多的临床研究提供理论依据和支持。
{"title":"Causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length: mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Yujian Li, Shenglin Lai, Xuan Kan","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on the immune cells were obtained from a previous study with 3,757 participants. Data on telomere length were obtained from the OpenGWAS database. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were obtained and screened for eligible instrumental variables (IVs) using the TwoSampleMR package and the Phenoscanner database. To investigate the genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) analysis were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis showed that there is indeed a genetic causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length. A total of 16 immune cells were successfully validated. A positive correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as CD28 + CD45RA + CD8br %CD8br (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003). A negative correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as Transitional AC (OR = 0.991, 95%CI: 0.984-0.997) (P < 0.05). Reverse MR analysis similarly confirmed that telomere length can affect four types of immune cells, including CD25 on IgD + CD24- (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.060-1.571), at the genetic level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is indeed a mutual genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, which will provide theoretical basis and support for more subsequent clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10924351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140064779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies - impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes. 免疫缺陷患者的皮下免疫球蛋白替代疗法--药物包装和给药方法对患者报告结果的影响。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0
R Mallick, G Solomon, P Bassett, X Zhang, P Patel, O Lepeshkina

Background: Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in Canada by the Association des Patients Immunodéficients du Québec (APIQ) (10/2020-03/2021). Survey questions included: reasons for choosing SCIg packaging and administration methods, training experiences, infusion characteristics, and switching methods. The survey captured structured patient-reported outcomes: treatment satisfaction and its sub-domains, symptom state, general health perception, and physical and mental function. Respondents using PFS were compared with vial users, overall and stratified by their administration method (pump or manual push).

Results: Of the 132 total respondents, 66 respondents used vials, with 38 using a pump and 28 using manual push. PFS (5 and 10 mL sizes) were being used by 120 respondents, with 38 using a pump and 82 using manual push. PFS users were associated with a 17% lower median (interquartile range) SCIg dose (10 [8, 12] vs. 12 [9, 16] g/week, respectively), a significantly shorter infusion preparation time (15 [10, 20] vs. 15 [10, 30] mins, respectively), and a trend for shorter length of infusion (60 [35, 90] vs. 70 [48, 90] mins, respectively) compared with those on vials. Patient-reported treatment satisfaction scores were overall similar between vial and PFS users (including on the domains of effectiveness and convenience), except for a higher score for vials over PFS on the domain of global satisfaction (p=0.02).

Conclusions: Consistent with prescribing that reflects a recognition of less wastage, PFS users were associated with a significantly lower SCIg dose compared with vial users. PFS users were also associated with shorter pre-infusion times, reflecting simpler administration mechanics compared with vial users. Higher global satisfaction with treatment among vial users compared with PFS users was consistent with users being limited to smaller PFS size options in Canada during the study period. Patient experience on PFS is expected to improve with the introduction of larger PFS sizes. Overall, treatment satisfaction for SCIg remains consistently high with the introduction of PFS packaging compared with vials.

背景:方法:魁北克免疫缺陷患者协会(APIQ)于 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 3 月在加拿大进行了一项在线调查:魁北克免疫缺陷患者协会(APIQ)在加拿大开展了一项在线调查(10/2020-03/2021)。调查问题包括:选择 SCIg 包装和给药方法的原因、培训经历、输液特点和转换方法。调查收集了患者报告的结构性结果:治疗满意度及其子域、症状状态、总体健康感知以及身心功能。将使用 PFS 的受访者与使用药瓶的受访者进行了整体比较,并按其给药方法(泵或手动推注)进行了分层:结果:在总共 132 位受访者中,66 位受访者使用小瓶,38 位使用泵,28 位使用手推。120 名受访者使用 PFS(5 毫升和 10 毫升规格),其中 38 人使用泵,82 人使用手推式。与使用药瓶的受访者相比,PFS 使用者的 SCIg 剂量中位数(四分位数间距)低 17%(分别为 10 [8, 12] vs. 12 [9, 16] g/周),输液准备时间显著缩短(分别为 15 [10, 20] vs. 15 [10, 30] 分钟),输液时间有缩短的趋势(分别为 60 [35, 90] vs. 70 [48, 90] 分钟)。患者报告的治疗满意度得分在小瓶和 PFS 使用者之间总体相似(包括有效性和便利性方面),但在总体满意度方面,小瓶的得分高于 PFS(P=0.02):结论:PFS 使用者的 SCIg 剂量明显低于小瓶使用者,这与处方中减少浪费的理念一致。PFS 使用者的预输液时间也更短,这反映出与小瓶使用者相比,PFS 使用者的给药方法更简单。与 PFS 使用者相比,小瓶使用者对治疗的总体满意度更高,这与研究期间加拿大的使用者只能选择较小的 PFS 规格是一致的。随着更大规格 PFS 的推出,患者对 PFS 的体验有望得到改善。总体而言,采用 PFS 包装后,SCIg 的治疗满意度始终高于小瓶包装。
{"title":"Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies - impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes.","authors":"R Mallick, G Solomon, P Bassett, X Zhang, P Patel, O Lepeshkina","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted in Canada by the Association des Patients Immunodéficients du Québec (APIQ) (10/2020-03/2021). Survey questions included: reasons for choosing SCIg packaging and administration methods, training experiences, infusion characteristics, and switching methods. The survey captured structured patient-reported outcomes: treatment satisfaction and its sub-domains, symptom state, general health perception, and physical and mental function. Respondents using PFS were compared with vial users, overall and stratified by their administration method (pump or manual push).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 132 total respondents, 66 respondents used vials, with 38 using a pump and 28 using manual push. PFS (5 and 10 mL sizes) were being used by 120 respondents, with 38 using a pump and 82 using manual push. PFS users were associated with a 17% lower median (interquartile range) SCIg dose (10 [8, 12] vs. 12 [9, 16] g/week, respectively), a significantly shorter infusion preparation time (15 [10, 20] vs. 15 [10, 30] mins, respectively), and a trend for shorter length of infusion (60 [35, 90] vs. 70 [48, 90] mins, respectively) compared with those on vials. Patient-reported treatment satisfaction scores were overall similar between vial and PFS users (including on the domains of effectiveness and convenience), except for a higher score for vials over PFS on the domain of global satisfaction (p=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with prescribing that reflects a recognition of less wastage, PFS users were associated with a significantly lower SCIg dose compared with vial users. PFS users were also associated with shorter pre-infusion times, reflecting simpler administration mechanics compared with vial users. Higher global satisfaction with treatment among vial users compared with PFS users was consistent with users being limited to smaller PFS size options in Canada during the study period. Patient experience on PFS is expected to improve with the introduction of larger PFS sizes. Overall, treatment satisfaction for SCIg remains consistently high with the introduction of PFS packaging compared with vials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dendritic cells under allergic condition enhance the activation of pruritogen-responsive neurons via inducing itch receptors in a co-culture study. 在一项共培养研究中,过敏条件下的树突状细胞通过诱导瘙痒受体增强了瘙痒原反应神经元的激活。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00604-4
Tichakorn Singto, Viviane Filor, Jonathan Vidak, Robert Klopfleisch, Wolfgang Bäumer

Background: Itch sensitization has been reported in patients with chronic allergic skin diseases and observed in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There is evidence suggesting that neuroimmune interactions may contribute to itch sensitization, as an increase in dendritic cells (DCs) within ganglia has been observed during allergic conditions. However, how DCs interact with sensory neurons in ganglia during allergic conditions is still not known. This study aims to investigate the role of DCs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) under ACD conditions, specifically focusing on itch sensitization within the DRG. The tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) mouse model for ACD and the co-culture model of DCs and DRG neurons was employed in this study.

Results: We successfully induced ACD by TDI, as evidenced by the development of edema, elevated total serum IgE levels, and an observed itch reaction in TDI-sensitized mice. Calcium imaging and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that TDI-sensitized mice exhibited signs of peripheral sensitization, including a higher percentage of neurons responding to pruritogens and increased activation and expression of itch receptors in excised DRG of TDI-sensitized mice. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis displayed an increase of MHCII+ cells, which serves as a marker for DCs, within DRG during ACD. The co-culture study revealed that when DRG neurons were cultured with DCs, there was an increase in the number of neurons responsive to pruritogens and activation of itch receptors such as TRPA1, TRPV1, H1R, and TRPV4. In addition, the immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR study confirmed an upregulation of TRPV4.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is an increase of MHCII+ cells and itch peripheral sensitization in DRG under TDI-induced ACD condition. It has been found that MHCII+ cells in DRG might contribute to the itch peripheral sensitization by activating itch receptors, as shown through co-culture studies between DRG neurons and DCs. Further studies are required to identify the specific mediator(s) responsible for peripheral sensitization induced by activated DCs.

背景:据报道,慢性过敏性皮肤病患者和过敏性接触性皮炎(ACD)小鼠模型中都存在痒敏现象。有证据表明,神经免疫相互作用可能有助于痒敏化,因为在过敏情况下观察到神经节内树突状细胞(DCs)增加。然而,DC如何在过敏状态下与神经节中的感觉神经元相互作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨在 ACD 条件下 DC 在背根神经节(DRG)中的作用,尤其侧重于 DRG 中的痒敏作用。本研究采用了甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)小鼠 ACD 模型和 DCs 与 DRG 神经元共培养模型:结果:我们成功地用 TDI 诱导了 ACD,这表现在 TDI 致敏小鼠出现水肿、血清 IgE 总水平升高和瘙痒反应。钙成像和 RT-qPCR 分析表明,TDI 致敏小鼠表现出外周致敏迹象,包括对瘙痒原有反应的神经元比例更高,以及 TDI 致敏小鼠切除的 DRG 中痒受体的激活和表达增加。免疫荧光和流式细胞分析表明,在 ACD 期间,DRG 中作为 DC 标记的 MHCII+ 细胞有所增加。共培养研究显示,当DRG神经元与DCs一起培养时,神经元对瘙痒原的反应数量增加,痒受体(如TRPA1、TRPV1、H1R和TRPV4)被激活。此外,免疫荧光和 RT-qPCR 研究证实了 TRPV4 的上调:我们的研究结果表明,在 TDI 诱导的 ACD 条件下,DRG 中的 MHCII+ 细胞增加,瘙痒外周敏化。通过 DRG 神经元和 DCs 的共培养研究发现,DRG 中的 MHCII+ 细胞可能会通过激活痒受体来促进痒外周敏化。要确定活化的直流电引起外周过敏的具体介质,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the mechanisms of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren's syndrome. 基于网络药理学的策略,研究青蒿素治疗原发性 Sjögren's 综合征的机制。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00605-3
Jia-He Liao, Qian He, Zi-Wei Huang, Xin-Bo Yu, Jian-Ying Yang, Yan Zhang, Wei-Jiang Song, Jing Luo, Qing-Wen Tao

Objective: The study aimed to explore the mechanism of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Methods: Relevant targets of the artemisinin and pSS-related targets were integrated by public databases online. An artemisinin-pSS network was constructed by Cytoscape. The genes of artemisinin regulating pSS were imported into STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in order to predict the key targets. The enrichment analyses were performed to predict the crucial mechanism and pathway of artemisinin against pSS. The active component of artemisinin underwent molecular docking with the key proteins. Artemisinin was administered intragastrically to SS-like NOD/Ltj mice to validate the efficacy and critical mechanisms.

Results: Network Pharmacology analysis revealed that artemisinin corresponded to 412 targets, and pSS related to 1495 genes. There were 40 intersection genes between artemisinin and pSS. KEGG indicated that therapeutic effects of artemisinin on pSS involves IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results further showed that the artemisinin molecule had higher binding energy by combining with the key nodes in IL-17 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments suggested artemisinin can restored salivary gland secretory function and improve the level of glandular damage of NOD/Ltj mice. It contributed to the increase of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the downregulated secretion of IL-17 in NOD/Ltj model.

Conclusion: The treatment of pSS with artemisinin is closely related to modulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 cells via T cell differentiation.

研究目的该研究旨在基于网络药理学和实验验证,探讨青蒿素治疗原发性斯约格伦综合征(pSS)的机制:方法:通过在线公共数据库整合青蒿素的相关靶点和pSS相关靶点。方法:通过网上公共数据库整合青蒿素相关靶点和 pSS 相关靶点,利用 Cytoscape 构建青蒿素-pSS 网络。将青蒿素调控 pSS 的基因导入 STRING 数据库,构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,以预测关键靶标。通过富集分析,预测了青蒿素调控 pSS 的关键机制和途径。青蒿素的活性成分与关键蛋白进行了分子对接。将青蒿素灌胃给类SS NOD/Ltj小鼠,以验证其疗效和关键机制:结果:网络药理学分析表明,青蒿素与 412 个靶点相对应,而 pSS 与 1495 个基因相关。青蒿素和 pSS 之间有 40 个交叉基因。KEGG表明,青蒿素对pSS的治疗作用涉及IL-17信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路、Th17细胞分化、PI3K-Akt信号通路和MAPK信号通路。分子对接结果进一步表明,青蒿素分子与 IL-17 信号通路的关键节点结合后具有更高的结合能。体内实验表明,青蒿素能恢复 NOD/Ltj 小鼠唾液腺分泌功能,改善腺体损伤程度。结论:青蒿素治疗唾液腺增生症具有显著的疗效:结论:青蒿素治疗 pSS 与通过 T 细胞分化调节 Tregs 和 Th17 细胞的平衡密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperactivation and enhanced cytotoxicity of reduced CD8+ gamma delta T cells in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease correlates with disease activity. 克罗恩病患者肠道中减少的 CD8+γ delta T 细胞的过度活化和细胞毒性增强与疾病活动相关。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00606-2
Tao Zhu, Linlin Zhu, Caixia Sheng, Danju Wu, Qianru Gu, Zhinong Jiang, Jiaqi Xu, Guoxiang Fu, Yujie Jiang

Background and aims: We aimed to investigate the immune characteristics of intestinal CD8+ gamma delta T (CD8+ γδ T) cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and their correlation with disease activity.

Methods: The study cohorts included 21 CD patients and 21 healthy individuals. CD8+ γδ T cells were isolated from human ileal mucosa for detection by flow cytometry. The activation or inhibition status of cells was detected by detecting the expression of activation marker HLA-DR and the immunosuppressive molecule PD-1 on cells. The cytotoxicity of cells was assessed by detecting the expression of cytotoxic molecules (Perforin, Granzyme B, and TRAIL) in cells. Ratios of investigated cells were calculated as prediction factors by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

Results: The study revealed a reduction in intestinal CD8+ γδT cells among active CD patients, with a more pronounced reduction observed in moderately active patients compared to mildly active patients. Moreover, active CD patients exhibited heightened activation levels in their intestinal CD8+ γδT cells, whereas the activation was comparatively weakened in moderately active patients compared with mildly active patients. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of intestinal CD8+ γδT cells was enhanced solely in mildly active patients, while it was impaired in moderately active patients compared with mildly active patients. Furthermore, HLA-DR+ CD8+ γδT cell ratio, CD8+ γδT ratio, and CD8+ γδT count were identified as indicators in the diagnosis of active CD. Meanwhile, the ratios of Granzyme B+ CD8+ γδT cell and Perforin+ CD8+ γδT cell were identified as indicators that distinguish mildly moderately active CD cases.

Conclusions: Intestinal CD8+ γδT was reduced in active CD patients, but their activation and cytotoxicity were enhanced. However, with increased disease activity, intestinal CD8+ γδ T cells became dysfunctional. CD-specific perturbations observed in various phenotypic markers in CD8+ γδ T cells can be used as indicators to assist in diagnosing CD patients.

背景和目的:我们旨在研究克罗恩病(CD)肠道 CD8+ γδ T(CD8+ γδ T)细胞的免疫特征及其与疾病活动的相关性:研究队列包括 21 名 CD 患者和 21 名健康人。从人体回肠粘膜中分离出 CD8+ γδ T 细胞,用流式细胞术进行检测。通过检测细胞上活化标记 HLA-DR 和免疫抑制分子 PD-1 的表达,检测细胞的活化或抑制状态。通过检测细胞毒性分子(穿孔素、颗粒酶 B 和 TRAIL)在细胞中的表达,评估细胞的细胞毒性。通过接收者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析,计算出被调查细胞的比率作为预测因子:研究发现,活动期 CD 患者肠道 CD8+ γδT 细胞减少,与轻度活动期患者相比,中度活动期患者的减少更为明显。此外,活动期 CD 患者肠道 CD8+ γδT 细胞的活化水平升高,而与轻度活动期患者相比,中度活动期患者的活化水平相对减弱。此外,只有轻度活动期患者的肠道 CD8+ γδT 细胞的细胞毒性增强,而中度活动期患者的细胞毒性则比轻度活动期患者减弱。此外,HLA-DR+ CD8+ γδT细胞比率、CD8+ γδT比率和CD8+ γδT计数被认为是诊断活动性CD的指标。同时,Granzyme B+ CD8+ γδT 细胞比率和穿孔素+ CD8+ γδT 细胞比率被认为是区分轻度中度活动性 CD 病例的指标:结论:活动性 CD 患者的肠道 CD8+ γδT 细胞减少,但其活化和细胞毒性增强。然而,随着疾病活动的增加,肠道 CD8+ γδ T 细胞变得功能失调。在 CD8+ γδ T 细胞的各种表型标记中观察到的 CD 特异性扰动可作为辅助诊断 CD 患者的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Immune responses to P falciparum antibodies in symptomatic malaria patients with variant hemoglobin genotypes in Ghana. 加纳血红蛋白基因型变异的无症状疟疾患者对恶性疟原虫抗体的免疫反应。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00607-1
Kwame Kumi Asare, Benjamin Agrah, Fiifi Solomon Ofori-Acquah, William Kudzi, Nii Ayite Aryee, Linda Eva Amoah

Background: Haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as sickle cell trait (SCT/HbAS) play a role in protecting against clinical malaria, but little is known about the development of immune responses against malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 230 (Pfs230) and Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen 175 region-3 (PfEBA175-3R)) and vector (on the An. gambiae Salivary Gland Protein-6 peptide 1 (gSG6-P1)) antigens in individuals with variants Hb genotypes. This study assessed antibody (IgG) responses against malaria parasite, Pfs230 and PfEBA175-3R and vector, gSG6-P1 in febrile individuals with variant Hb genotypes.

Methods: The study was conducted on symptomatic malaria patients attending various healthcare facilities throughout Ghana. Microscopy and ELISA were used to determine the natural IgG antibody levels of gSG6-P1, PfEBA175-3R & Pfs230, and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing was used for Hb variants determination.

Results: Of the 600 symptomatic malaria patients, 50.0% of the participants had malaria parasites by microscopy. The majority 79.0% (398/504) of the participants had Hb AA, followed by HbAS variant at 11.3% (57/504) and HbAC 6.7% (34/504). There were significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced levels of gSG6-P1 IgG in individuals with both HbAC and HbAS genotypes compared to the HbAA genotype. The levels of gSG6-P1 IgG were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in HbAS compared to HbAC. Similarly, Pfs230 IgG and PfEBA-175-3R IgG distributions observed across the haemoglobin variants were significantly higher in HbAC relative to HbAS.

Conclusion: The study has shown that haemoglobin variants significantly influence the pattern of anti-gSG6-P1, Pfs230, and PfEBA-175 IgG levels in malaria-endemic population. The HbAS genotype is suggested to confer protection against malaria infection. Reduced exposure to infection ultimately reduces the induction of antibodies targeted against P. falciparum antigens.

背景:镰状细胞性状(SCT/HbAS)等血红蛋白(Hb)变体在预防临床疟疾方面发挥着作用,但人们对疟原虫(恶性疟原虫表面蛋白230(Pfs230)和恶性疟原虫红细胞结合抗原175区-3(PfEBA175-3R))和载体(冈比亚疟原虫唾液腺蛋白-6肽1(gSG6-P1)上的疟原虫)免疫反应的发展知之甚少。冈比亚唾液腺蛋白-6 多肽 1 (gSG6-P1))抗原。本研究评估了 Hb 基因型变异的发热患者对疟原虫 Pfs230 和 PfEBA175-3R 以及载体 gSG6-P1 的抗体(IgG)反应:研究对象是在加纳各地医疗机构就诊的无症状疟疾患者。使用显微镜和酶联免疫吸附法测定 gSG6-P1、PfEBA175-3R 和 Pfs230 的天然 IgG 抗体水平,使用 Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing 测定 Hb 变异型:在 600 名有症状的疟疾患者中,50.0% 的参与者经显微镜检查有疟原虫。大多数患者的 79.0%(398/504)为 Hb AA,其次是 HbAS 变体 11.3%(57/504)和 HbAC 6.7%(34/504)。研究结果表明,血红蛋白 AA 和 HbAC 差异很大(P研究表明,血红蛋白变体对疟疾流行人群中抗 gSG6-P1、Pfs230 和 PfEBA-175 IgG 水平的模式有明显影响。据认为,HbAS 基因型可使人免受疟疾感染。减少感染最终会减少针对恶性疟原虫抗原抗体的诱导。
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BMC Immunology
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