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Assessment of Lactococcus Cremoris preparations for the pre- and post-milking teat disinfection. 评估用于挤奶前和挤奶后乳头消毒的 Cremoris 乳球菌制剂。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04290-7
A Gazzola, M Zucali, M F Addis, L Bava, S Morandi, S Pisanu, D Pagnozzi, A Passera, M Brasca, R Piccinini

Good hygienic milking practices including the disinfection of the cow teat skin before and after milking aimed at preventing the occurrence of new intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows. This practice is generally performed using disinfectants, and in the current context of attention to the emergence of resistances, it is of greatest interest to evaluate alternative solutions that can expand treatment options. We assessed the efficacy of a pre-dipping and a post-dipping product based on the bacteriocin-containing culture of Lactococcus cremoris strain FT27, as compared to commercial disinfectants. FT27 was selected for the bactericidal activity in vitro against food pathogens. In the present study, it also revealed a high bactericidal activity against the main mastitis pathogens, most likely related to Nisin A production, according to genomic and proteomic analysis. The lactococcus-based preparations were applied in two commercial dairy farms in Northern Italy. Overall, 298 dairy cows were enrolled, 141 in the treated group (TR), and 157 in the control group (CTR). The cows were sampled at quarter level every two weeks for 3 months. During the trial, all cows showed a good health status. The hygiene level for udder, flanks and legs was generally good (on average < 3 score); the udder hygiene was significantly worse (P < 0.01) in the CTR group. The teat apex hyperkeratosis was overall low (on average < 2 score). We recorded no significant differences between the two experimental groups in the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) values and the bacteriological results. The overall frequency of new IMI was low, ranging 0.6 - 0.5% for S. aureus in the TR or CTR group respectively, to 2.6-4.4% for NASM. Regarding Str. spp., the new IMI accounted for 1.7% or 1.9% in the TR or CTR group, respectively. Notably, the incidence of S. aureus new IMI did not increase during the study, even though neither of the two herds segregated the positive cows. The non-inferiority test showed that the Lactococcus-based pre- and post-dipping products had an efficacy comparable to proven commercial disinfectants in maintaining udder health and preventing new IMI, thus representing a possible alternative to current teat dip products.

良好的挤奶卫生习惯包括在挤奶前后对奶牛乳头皮肤进行消毒,目的是防止奶牛发生新的乳房内感染(IMI)。这种做法通常使用消毒剂,而在当前关注抗药性出现的背景下,评估可扩大治疗选择范围的替代解决方案是最令人感兴趣的。与商用消毒剂相比,我们评估了一种基于含细菌素的 cremoris 乳球菌菌株 FT27 培养物的浸泡前和浸泡后产品的功效。之所以选择 FT27,是因为它在体外对食品病原体具有杀菌活性。在本研究中,根据基因组和蛋白质组分析,FT27 对主要的乳腺炎病原体也具有很高的杀菌活性,这很可能与 Nisin A 的产生有关。以乳球菌为基础的制剂应用于意大利北部的两个商业奶牛场。共有 298 头奶牛参加,其中 141 头为治疗组 (TR),157 头为对照组 (CTR)。在 3 个月的时间里,每两周对奶牛进行一次季度采样。试验期间,所有奶牛的健康状况良好。乳房、腹部和腿部的卫生状况普遍良好(平均为
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引用次数: 0
Gross and scanning electron microscopic features of the oral cavity (palate, tongue, and sublingual floor) of the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auratus aegyptius). 埃及长耳刺猬(Hemiechinus auratus aegyptius)口腔(上颚、舌头和舌下底)的大体和扫描电子显微镜特征。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04261-y
Mohamed M A Abumandour, Basma G Hanafy

The study was focused on the anatomical characteristics of the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog's oral cavity by using gross and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The upper lip had an elongated T-shaped snout-like structure. The hard palate had a triangular rostral part (which had a semicircular area and a caudal ridged area with the first 3 or 4 ridges) and a caudal part (which contained seven or eight slightly oblique ridges with raphae). The diamond-incisive papilla is flanked on both sides by a groove and a fissure. The hard palate surface had glandular openings and a microplicae system. The uneven, soft palate's surface had multiple grooves and folds with 12-16 Gemmal papillae. The Gemmal papillary surface had three to four taste pores with microplicae and glandular openings. The dorsal lingual surface had six filiform subtypes: pointed (on the tip, rostral border, and median apical region), triangular (on the lateral apical and circumvallate regions), bifurcated (on the median tip only), leaf-like (on the median body region), branched (on the lateral root region), and small pointed papillae (on the median root). There were two fungiform subtypes: ovals (on the rostral border and lateral region) and rounds (on the median apical region and body). The caudal root part had a triangular arrangement of three circumvallate papillae. In conclusion, the finding confirmed its oral cavity adaptation with its insectivorous feeding habits and Egyptian environment.

这项研究通过大体和扫描电子显微镜检查,重点研究了埃及长耳刺猬口腔的解剖特征。上唇呈拉长的 "T "形鼻状结构。硬腭有一个三角形的喙部(有一个半圆形区域和一个有前 3 或 4 条脊的尾脊区)和一个尾部(包含 7 或 8 条略微倾斜的脊,上面有耙状突起)。菱形咬合乳头的两侧有一个凹槽和一个裂缝。硬腭表面有腺体开口和微孔系统。凹凸不平的软腭表面有多个凹槽和褶皱,有 12-16 个 Gemmal 乳头。宝石乳头表面有三到四个味孔,上面有微孔和腺体开口。舌背表面有六个丝状亚型:尖状(在顶端、喙缘和正中顶端区域)、三角形(在侧顶端和周缘区域)、分叉状(仅在正中顶端)、叶状(在正中体区域)、分枝状(在侧根区域)和小尖乳头(在正中根部)。有两种菌形亚型:椭圆形(在喙边缘和侧部区域)和圆形(在正中顶部区域和主体)。尾根部有三个环状乳头,呈三角形排列。总之,这一发现证实了它的口腔与其食虫习性和埃及环境相适应。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing the morphology and avian β-defensins genes (AvβD) expression in the small intestine of Cobb500 broiler chicks fed with sodium butyrate. 分析用丁酸钠饲喂的 Cobb500 肉鸡小肠的形态和禽β防御素基因(AvβD)的表达。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04253-y
Mohamed A M Alsafy, Islam A Abdellatif, Samir A A El-Gendy, Mohamed M A Abumandour, Ahmed Noreldin, Naglaa F Bassuoni

Background: Sodium butyrate is a potential antibiotic growth promoter and has had advantageous effects on the poultry industry.

Methods: Evaluating the effect of sodium butyrate on the intestinal villi and the humoral part of innate immunity of the male Cobb 500 broiler using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the control group and treated group of Cobb 500 with SB supplemented received water containing 0.98 mg sodium butyrate.

Results: The administration of sodium butyrate changed the villi characters, as the shape changed from tongue to long tongue. They were mainly parallel to each other and long finger-like at the duodenum. The tips of the villi in the control group appeared thin-slight curved with a prominent center in the duodenum, thin rectangular in the jejunum, and ileum in the control group. In contrast, in the treatment group, they changed to thick rectangular in the duodenum and ileum zigzag shape in the jejunum. The epithelium lining of the duodenal villi showed a dome shape, the jejunal villi showed a polygonal shape, and the ileal villi appeared scales-like. The epithelium lining showed irregular microfolds and many different-sized pores, and the treatment group showed islands of long microvilli in the duodenum and solitary long microvilli in the ileum. Real-time PCR of AvBD 1, 2, 10, and 12 significantly (P < 0.01). The better expression of AvBD 1, 2, and 12 was determined in the duodenum, while AvBD 10 was in the jejunum.

Conclusion: Sodium butyrate enhanced the chicks' growth and small intestine parameters, modified the morphology of the intestinal villi, and improved the humoral part of innate immunity.

背景:丁酸钠是一种潜在的抗生素生长促进剂,对家禽业具有有利影响:用扫描电子显微镜和定量实时 PCR 分析评价丁酸钠对雄性 Cobb 500 肉鸡肠绒毛和先天性免疫体液部分的影响:结果:添加丁酸钠改变了绒毛的特征,绒毛的形状从舌状变成了长舌状。它们主要相互平行,在十二指肠处呈长指状。对照组的绒毛顶端呈细-微弯状,十二指肠中心突出,空肠和回肠呈细长方形。相比之下,治疗组的十二指肠和回肠绒毛变成了厚长方形,空肠绒毛变成了之字形。十二指肠绒毛内膜上皮呈圆顶形,空肠绒毛呈多边形,回肠绒毛呈鳞片状。治疗组的十二指肠绒毛上皮呈现不规则的微褶皱和许多大小不一的小孔,回肠绒毛上皮呈现单个长微绒毛。Real-time PCR检测AvBD 1、2、10和12的结果表明(P 结论:AvBD 1、2、10和12对十二指肠和回肠的微绒毛生长有显著影响:丁酸钠提高了雏鸡的生长和小肠参数,改变了肠绒毛的形态,改善了先天性免疫的体液部分。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a droplet digital PCR assay for Nipah virus quantitation. 开发和验证用于尼帕病毒定量的液滴数字 PCR 检测方法。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04245-y
Jiangbing Shuai, Kexin Chen, Xiao Han, Ruoxue Zeng, Houhui Song, Linglin Fu, Xiaofeng Zhang

Background: Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a significant threat because of its wide host range, multiple transmission modes, high transmissibility, and high mortality rates, affecting both human health and animal husbandry. In this study, we developed a one-step reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) assay that targets the N gene of NiV.

Results: Our RT-ddPCR assay exhibited remarkable sensitivity, with a lower limit of detection of 6.91 copies/reaction. Importantly, it displayed no cross-reactivity with the other 13 common viruses and consistently delivered reliable results with a coefficient of variation below 10% across different concentrations. To validate the effectiveness of our RT-ddPCR assay, we detected 75 NiV armored RNA virus samples, mimicking real-world conditions, and negative control samples, and the RT-ddPCR results perfectly matched the simulated results. Furthermore, compared with a standard quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay, our RT-ddPCR assay demonstrated greater stability when handling complex matrices with low viral loads.

Conclusions: These findings show that our NiV RT-ddPCR assay is exceptionally sensitive and provides a robust tool for quantitatively detecting NiV, particularly in stimulated field samples with low viral loads or complex matrices. This advancement has significant implications for early NiV monitoring, safeguarding human health and safety, and advancing animal husbandry practices.

背景:尼帕病毒(Nipah virus,NiV)是一种人畜共患的病原体,由于其宿主范围广、传播方式多、传播性强、死亡率高,对人类健康和畜牧业都造成了严重威胁。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种针对 NiV N 基因的一步式反转录液滴数字 PCR(RT-ddPCR)检测方法:结果:我们的 RT-ddPCR 检测方法灵敏度极高,检测下限为 6.91 个拷贝/反应。重要的是,它与其他 13 种常见病毒没有交叉反应,而且在不同浓度下的变异系数低于 10%,结果稳定可靠。为了验证 RT-ddPCR 检测方法的有效性,我们检测了 75 份 NiV 装甲 RNA 病毒样本(模拟真实环境)和阴性对照样本,RT-ddPCR 结果与模拟结果完全吻合。此外,与标准的实时定量 PCR(qPCR)检测相比,我们的 RT-ddPCR 检测在处理低病毒载量的复杂基质时表现出更高的稳定性:这些研究结果表明,我们的 NiV RT-ddPCR 检测法灵敏度极高,是定量检测 NiV 的可靠工具,尤其适用于病毒载量低或基质复杂的刺激性野外样本。这一进展对早期监测 NiV、保障人类健康和安全以及促进动物饲养实践具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammatory and immune variables as predictors of survival in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. 炎症和免疫变量可预测患有肌瘤性二尖瓣疾病的狗的存活率。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04266-7
Martina Cimerman, Natalia Druzhaeva, Alenka Nemec Svete, Melita Hajdinjak, Katka Pohar, Alojz Ihan, Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between selected inflammatory and immune variables and survival of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We evaluated data of 62 client-owned dogs with MMVD, grouped into preclinical, stable congestive heart failure (CHF) and unstable CHF. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to quantify the association of white blood cell count, concentrations and percentages of T lymphocytes and their subtypes (T helper lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, double positive T lymphocytes, double negative T lymphocytes) and B lymphocytes with survival. P values < 0.1 in individual groups and P values < 0.05 in the group of all patients were considered significant. Spearman correlation coefficients between significant covariates were calculated to assess the relationships among variables and with survival.

Results: In the preclinical group, percentage of double positive T lymphocytes was negatively associated with survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.328; P = 0.051). In the unstable CHF, T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.085), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.562; P = 0.048), double positive (HR = 1.751; P = 0.042), and double negative T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.096) concentrations were negatively associated with survival, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.502; P = 0.007) concentration in the group of all patients. The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was positively associated with survival in the unstable CHF (HR = 0.604; P = 0.053) and in the group of all patients (HR = 0.733; P = 0.044). The concentration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes positively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = 0.259, P = 0.037), and peak velocity of early diastolic mitral flow (rho = 0.259, P = 0.039), whereas the percentage of T helper lymphocytes negatively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = -0.212, P = 0.090) and early to late mitral flow ratio (rho = -0.232, P = 0.072).

Conclusions: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, double positive and double negative T lymphocytes as well as biomarkers cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein are implicated in the progression of MMVD.

背景:我们的目的是研究某些炎症和免疫变量与患有肌瘤性二尖瓣病(MMVD)的狗的存活率之间的关系。我们评估了 62 只客户饲养的患有 MMVD 的狗的数据,这些狗被分为临床前、稳定型充血性心力衰竭(CHF)和不稳定型 CHF。采用单变量 Cox 比例危险回归分析来量化白细胞计数、T 淋巴细胞及其亚型(T 辅助淋巴细胞、细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞、双阳性 T 淋巴细胞、双阴性 T 淋巴细胞)和 B 淋巴细胞的浓度和百分比与存活率的关系。P 值结果:在临床前组,双阳性T淋巴细胞的百分比与存活率呈负相关(危险比(HR)=2.328;P=0.051)。在不稳定型 CHF 中,T 淋巴细胞(HR = 1.613;P = 0.085)、细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞(HR = 1.562;P = 0.048)、双阳性(HR = 1.751;P = 0.042)和双阴性 T 淋巴细胞(HR = 1.613; P = 0.096)浓度与存活率呈负相关,所有患者组中细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞(HR = 1.502; P = 0.007)浓度也与存活率呈负相关。在不稳定型 CHF(HR = 0.604;P = 0.053)和所有患者组(HR = 0.733;P = 0.044)中,T 辅助淋巴细胞的百分比与存活率呈正相关。细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞的浓度与左心房与主动脉比值(LA/Ao)(rho = 0.259,P = 0.037)和舒张早期二尖瓣血流峰值速度(rho = 0.259,P = 0.039),而T辅助淋巴细胞的百分比与左心房与主动脉比值(LA/Ao)(rho = -0.212,P = 0.090)和二尖瓣舒张早期与晚期血流比值(rho = -0.232,P = 0.072)呈负相关:细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞、T 辅助淋巴细胞、双阳性和双阴性 T 淋巴细胞以及生物标记物心肌肌钙蛋白 I、N-末端前 B 型利钠肽和 C 反应蛋白与 MMVD 的进展有关。
{"title":"Inflammatory and immune variables as predictors of survival in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"Martina Cimerman, Natalia Druzhaeva, Alenka Nemec Svete, Melita Hajdinjak, Katka Pohar, Alojz Ihan, Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04266-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04266-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to investigate the association between selected inflammatory and immune variables and survival of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We evaluated data of 62 client-owned dogs with MMVD, grouped into preclinical, stable congestive heart failure (CHF) and unstable CHF. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to quantify the association of white blood cell count, concentrations and percentages of T lymphocytes and their subtypes (T helper lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, double positive T lymphocytes, double negative T lymphocytes) and B lymphocytes with survival. P values < 0.1 in individual groups and P values < 0.05 in the group of all patients were considered significant. Spearman correlation coefficients between significant covariates were calculated to assess the relationships among variables and with survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the preclinical group, percentage of double positive T lymphocytes was negatively associated with survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.328; P = 0.051). In the unstable CHF, T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.085), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.562; P = 0.048), double positive (HR = 1.751; P = 0.042), and double negative T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.096) concentrations were negatively associated with survival, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.502; P = 0.007) concentration in the group of all patients. The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was positively associated with survival in the unstable CHF (HR = 0.604; P = 0.053) and in the group of all patients (HR = 0.733; P = 0.044). The concentration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes positively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = 0.259, P = 0.037), and peak velocity of early diastolic mitral flow (rho = 0.259, P = 0.039), whereas the percentage of T helper lymphocytes negatively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = -0.212, P = 0.090) and early to late mitral flow ratio (rho = -0.232, P = 0.072).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, double positive and double negative T lymphocytes as well as biomarkers cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein are implicated in the progression of MMVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatomical, histological, and scanning electron microscopic features of the esophagus and crop in young and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia Domestica). 幼鸽和成年家鸽(Columba livia Domestica)食道和嗉囊的解剖学、组织学和扫描电子显微镜特征。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04147-z
Mohamed A A Mahdy, Elsayed S I Mohammed

Background: Pigeons (Columba livia) are mainly raised as a source of animal protein, racing, leisure and as an experimental animal. The present study investigated the morphology of the esophagus in the young and adult domestic pigeon, Columba livia domestica.

Methods: Ten young and ten adult, normal, and healthy pigeons were collected from the local breeders. Samples from different parts of esophagus and crop were examined grossly, by stereomicroscopy, scanning and light microscopy.

Results: The esophagus consisted of a long cervical part, a crop, and a short thoracic part. The crop was represented by a thin-walled outpouching with two lateral diverticula. The mucosa presented wavy fine folds in the cervical esophagus, irregular folds in the lateral diverticula giving it a corrugated appearance, and prominent longitudinal folds with several gland openings in the middle and lower parts of the crop, as well as in the thoracic esophagus. The density of gland openings was higher in adult pigeons than that in young pigeons. The mucosa of the esophagus was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The shape, height, and branching of the mucosal folds differed between young and adult pigeons. Mucous-secreting alveoli were detected in the middle part of the crop as well as in the thoracic esophagus, but not in the cervical esophagus or lateral diverticula of the crop.

Conclusion: The variations between the young and adult pigeons suggest a functional adaptation of adult pigeons to their diet compared to young pigeons.

背景:鸽子(Columba livia)主要作为动物蛋白质来源、比赛、休闲和实验动物饲养。本研究调查了家鸽(Columba livia domestica)幼鸽和成年鸽的食道形态:方法:从当地饲养者处收集十只正常健康的幼鸽和十只成年鸽。通过体视显微镜、扫描显微镜和光学显微镜对食道和嗉囊不同部位的样本进行了粗略检查:结果:食道由长的颈部、嗉囊和短的胸部组成。嗉囊由一个薄壁外囊和两个侧憩室组成。颈段食管的粘膜呈波浪状细褶,侧憩室的粘膜呈不规则褶皱,外观呈波纹状,嗉囊中段和下段以及胸段食管的粘膜呈突出的纵向褶皱,并有多个腺体开口。成年鸽腺体开口的密度高于幼鸽。食管粘膜由非角化的分层鳞状上皮衬里。幼鸽和成年鸽粘膜皱褶的形状、高度和分支均有所不同。在嗉囊中部和胸段食管发现了分泌粘液的肺泡,但在颈段食管和嗉囊侧憩室未发现:结论:幼鸽和成年鸽之间的差异表明,与幼鸽相比,成年鸽在功能上更适应其饮食。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular analysis of canine distemper virus H gene in the golden jackal (Canis aureus) population from Serbia. 塞尔维亚金豺种群中犬瘟病毒 H 基因的分子分析。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04284-5
Dimitrije Glišić, Milica Kuručki, Duško Ćirović, Sofija Šolaja, Jovan Mirčeta, Vesna Milićević

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting wild and domesticated carnivores. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus from the genus Morbillivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae. While domestic dogs are the most common hosts, the virus poses a significant threat to endangered wildlife due to its broad host range. This study aimed to characterize the CDV Haemagglutinin (H) gene in golden jackals and explore the molecular evolution of the virus in an underrepresented host. A total of 88 brain samples from hunted golden jackals were tested for the presence of CDV viral nucleic acid, and the H gene of positive samples was amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis, conducted using maximum likelihood methods, revealed that all Serbian sequences clustered within the Arctic lineage. Notably, the analysis identified a tyrosine (Y) at position 549 of the H protein, a mutation commonly associated with wildlife hosts, instead of the histidine (H) typically found in domestic strains. Additionally, a mutation at position 310 was observed, which could potentially affect the protein's function and virus-host interactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of CDV in golden jackals, with broader implications for understanding the virus's adaptability to different hosts. Further research is needed to investigate the functional impact of these mutations, particularly their role in vaccine efficacy and disease transmission across wildlife and domestic species.

犬瘟热病毒(CDV)是一种影响野生和驯化食肉动物的高度传染性疾病,通常会导致死亡。该病毒是 Morbillivirus 属 Paramyxoviridae 科的一种单链 RNA 病毒。虽然家犬是最常见的宿主,但由于其宿主范围广泛,该病毒对濒危野生动物构成了重大威胁。本研究旨在确定 CDV 血凝素(H)基因在金毛豺中的特性,并探索该病毒在代表性不足的宿主中的分子进化。本研究共检测了 88 份被猎杀的金毛豺脑样本,以检测是否存在 CDV 病毒核酸,并采用 Sanger 方法对阳性样本的 H 基因进行了扩增和测序。使用最大似然法进行的系统发生分析表明,所有塞尔维亚序列都属于北极系。值得注意的是,分析发现在 H 蛋白的 549 位有一个酪氨酸(Y)突变,而不是家畜菌株中常见的组氨酸(H)突变,这是野生动物宿主常见的突变。此外,在第 310 位还发现了一个突变,这可能会影响蛋白质的功能和病毒与宿主的相互作用。这些发现为了解金毛豺CDV的遗传多样性和进化动态提供了宝贵的见解,对理解病毒对不同宿主的适应性具有更广泛的意义。还需要进一步研究这些突变的功能影响,特别是它们在疫苗效力和疾病在野生动物和家畜物种间传播中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Whole genome characteristics of hedgehog coronaviruses from Poland and analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein for its interspecies transmission potential. 波兰刺猬冠状病毒的全基因组特征及其物种间传播潜力的尖峰蛋白进化分析。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4
Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz, Anna Lisowska, Justyna Opolska, Jakub J Ruszkowski, Maciej Gogulski, Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól

Background: The hedgehogs have been recently identified as possible reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus like (MERS-CoV-like). These viruses were classified as a distinct Betacoronavirus erinacei (BCoV-Eri) species within the MerBCoV-Eriirus subgenus. As coronaviruses are known for their ability to jump between different hosts, including humans, this can pose a particular threat to people in direct contact with hedgehogs, such as those working at animal asylums. Our previous studies have shown the presence of BCoV-Eri strains in animals collected in the wildlife rehabilitation centre. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CoV in subsequent hedgehogs collected from the urban area of Poland and their molecular characteristics.

Results: Monitoring for the presence of coronavirus infection in hedgehogs revealed five positive individuals. The presence of BCoV-Eri was found in a total of 20% of animals tested. Our analyses revealed no correlation between CoVs positivity and animal health conditions but a higher probability of such infection in juveniles and females. The whole genome of two Polish Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains were sequenced and compared with available counterparts from European and Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CoV strains formed common cluster with other similar MerBCoV-Eriirus, but they were also found to be genetically variable and most changes in the S protein were identified. Our analysis revealed that some S protein sites of the Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains evolved under positive selection pressure and of five such sites, three are in the S1 region while the other two in the S2 region of the Spike.

Conclusions: BCoV-Eri is to some extent prevalent in wildlife asylums in Poland. Given that the S protein of BCoVs-Eri is highly variable and that some sites of this protein evolve under positive selection pressure, these strains could potentially acquire a favourable feature for cross-species transmission. Consequently, the threat to humans working in such asylums is particularly high. Adequate biosecurity safeguards, but also human awareness of such risks, are therefore essential.

背景:刺猬最近被确认为中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV-like)的可能贮藏地。这些病毒被归类为MerBCoV-Eriirus亚属中一个独特的Betacoronavirus erinacei(BCoV-Eri)种。由于冠状病毒具有在不同宿主(包括人类)之间跳跃的能力,这可能会对与刺猬直接接触的人群(如动物收容所的工作人员)造成特别的威胁。我们之前的研究表明,在野生动物康复中心收集的动物中存在 BCoV-Eri 株系。本研究旨在调查随后从波兰城市地区收集的刺猬中是否存在冠状病毒及其分子特征:结果:对刺猬冠状病毒感染情况的监测发现了五只阳性个体。共有 20% 的受测动物感染了 BCoV-Eri。我们的分析表明,CoVs 阳性与动物健康状况之间没有关联,但幼年刺猬和雌性刺猬感染这种病毒的几率更高。我们对两株波兰刺猬冠状病毒1的全基因组进行了测序,并将其与欧洲和亚洲国家的同种病毒进行了比较。系统发育分析表明,这两种CoV毒株与其他类似的MerBCoV-Eriirus形成了共同的群集,但也发现它们在遗传上存在变异,而且大多数变化都发生在S蛋白上。我们的分析表明,刺猬冠状病毒 1 株系的一些 S 蛋白位点是在正选择压力下进化而来的,在五个这样的位点中,有三个位于刺猬冠状病毒 1 株系的 S1 区,另外两个位于刺猬冠状病毒 1 株系的 S2 区:结论:BCoV-Eri 在波兰的野生动物收容所有一定程度的流行。鉴于 BCoVs-Eri 的 S 蛋白变化很大,而且该蛋白的某些位点在正选择压力下进化,这些菌株有可能获得跨物种传播的有利特征。因此,在这些收容所工作的人类面临的威胁尤其大。因此,充分的生物安全保障措施以及人类对此类风险的认识至关重要。
{"title":"Whole genome characteristics of hedgehog coronaviruses from Poland and analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein for its interspecies transmission potential.","authors":"Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz, Anna Lisowska, Justyna Opolska, Jakub J Ruszkowski, Maciej Gogulski, Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hedgehogs have been recently identified as possible reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus like (MERS-CoV-like). These viruses were classified as a distinct Betacoronavirus erinacei (BCoV-Eri) species within the MerBCoV-Eriirus subgenus. As coronaviruses are known for their ability to jump between different hosts, including humans, this can pose a particular threat to people in direct contact with hedgehogs, such as those working at animal asylums. Our previous studies have shown the presence of BCoV-Eri strains in animals collected in the wildlife rehabilitation centre. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CoV in subsequent hedgehogs collected from the urban area of Poland and their molecular characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monitoring for the presence of coronavirus infection in hedgehogs revealed five positive individuals. The presence of BCoV-Eri was found in a total of 20% of animals tested. Our analyses revealed no correlation between CoVs positivity and animal health conditions but a higher probability of such infection in juveniles and females. The whole genome of two Polish Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains were sequenced and compared with available counterparts from European and Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CoV strains formed common cluster with other similar MerBCoV-Eriirus, but they were also found to be genetically variable and most changes in the S protein were identified. Our analysis revealed that some S protein sites of the Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains evolved under positive selection pressure and of five such sites, three are in the S1 region while the other two in the S2 region of the Spike.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BCoV-Eri is to some extent prevalent in wildlife asylums in Poland. Given that the S protein of BCoVs-Eri is highly variable and that some sites of this protein evolve under positive selection pressure, these strains could potentially acquire a favourable feature for cross-species transmission. Consequently, the threat to humans working in such asylums is particularly high. Adequate biosecurity safeguards, but also human awareness of such risks, are therefore essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficacy of zinc nanoparticle supplementation on ruminal environment in lambs. 纳米锌颗粒对羔羊瘤胃环境的影响
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04281-8
Daniel Petrič, Klára Mikulová, Alexandra Bombárová, Dominika Batťányi, Klaudia Čobanová, Pavel Kopel, Anna Łukomska, Piotr Pawlak, Pola Sidoruk, Szymon Kotwica, Adam Cieslak, Zora Váradyová

Background: Zinc nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by high bioavailability, small size, and high absorbability. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of Zn-NP feed supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbiota, and histopathology in lambs. In vitro (24 h), short-term (STE, 28 d), and long-term (LTE, 70 d) experiments were performed. The lambs in STE were fed a basal diet (BD) composed of 350 g/d ground barley and 700 g/d meadow hay (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NPs), and BD enriched with Zn phosphate-based NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnP-NP). The in vitro gas production technique was used in incubated rumen fluid from STE. The lambs in LTE were fed BD (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (40 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP40), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP80) and BD enriched with ZnO (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-80).

Results: After 24 h of incubation, dry matter digestibility was higher for ZnO-NP and ZnP-NP substrates than the control in an in vitro experiment (P < 0.001). The total bacterial population in the STE was lower (P < 0.001) in the ZnP-NP group than in the control and ZnO-NP groups, but the protozoan populations were not significantly different. The ammonia-N concentration in LTE was lowest in the ZnO-NP80 group (P = 0.002), but the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.001) and xylanase (P = 0.002) were higher in the ZnO-NP40, ZnO-NP80, and ZnO-80 groups than in the control group. Morphological observation after STE and LTE revealed histological changes (e.g. inflammation of the epithelium or edema of the connective tissue) in the rumen of lambs.

Conclusion: Zn-NP supplementation up to 70 d improved feed-use efficiency and influenced ammonia-N concentration and activities of hydrolases in the rumen. The active ruminal fermentation affected the health of the ruminal papillae and epithelium in the lambs, regardless of the application's form, dose, or duration. However, by affecting rumen microbial fermentation, Zn-NPs could alter fermentation patterns, thereby increasing the capacity of host rumen epithelial cells to transport short-chain fatty acids.

背景:锌纳米颗粒(NPs)具有生物利用率高、体积小和可吸收性强等特点。本实验的目的是确定饲料中添加 Zn-NP 对羔羊瘤胃发酵、微生物群和组织病理学的影响。分别进行了体外(24 小时)、短期(STE,28 天)和长期(LTE,70 天)实验。在 STE 试验中,羔羊饲喂的基础日粮(BD)包括 350 克/天的碎大麦和 700 克/天的草甸干草(对照组)、富含 ZnO-NPs 的基础日粮(BD)(80 毫克 Zn/千克日粮,ZnO-NPs)和富含磷酸锌基 NPs 的基础日粮(BD)(80 毫克 Zn/千克日粮,ZnP-NP)。体外产气技术用于培养 STE 的瘤胃液。给 LTE 中的羔羊喂食 BD(对照组)、富含 ZnO-NPs 的 BD(40 毫克 Zn/千克日粮,ZnO-NP40)、富含 ZnO-NPs 的 BD(80 毫克 Zn/千克日粮,ZnO-NP80)和富含 ZnO 的 BD(80 毫克 Zn/千克日粮,ZnO-80):在体外实验中,培养 24 小时后,ZnO-NP 和 ZnP-NP 底物的干物质消化率高于对照组(P 结论:ZnO-NP 和 ZnP-NP 底物的干物质消化率高于对照组:添加 Zn-NP 长达 70 d 可提高饲料利用率,并影响瘤胃中氨氮浓度和水解酶活性。无论施用的形式、剂量或持续时间如何,活跃的瘤胃发酵都会影响羔羊瘤胃乳头和上皮的健康。然而,通过影响瘤胃微生物发酵,Zn-NPs 可以改变发酵模式,从而提高宿主瘤胃上皮细胞运输短链脂肪酸的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative effects of curcumin, nano curcumin and their combination on reproductive traits and spawning performance of red tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus X O. Mossambicus). 姜黄素、纳米姜黄素及其组合对红色罗非鱼(Oreochromis Niloticus X O. Mossambicus)繁殖性状和产卵性能的比较效应。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04257-8
El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa, Basma M Hendam, Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh, Heba E Abd Elnabi, Yasmin M Abd El-Aziz, Moaheda E H Eissa, Sameh A Abdelnour, Sara F Ghanem

Curcumin, the main polyphenol component of turmeric powder, has garnered increasing attention as an effective supplement in fish diets. A comparative trial was conducted to evaluate the impacts of dietary supplementation with different forms of curcumin (free, in combination, or nanoparticles) on hemato-biochemical parameters, reproductive capacity, and related gene expressions of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) broodstock. Fish (n = 168) were fed an isonitrogenous (30% CP), isocaloric (18.72 MJ kg - 1) diet containing basal diet (Control), 60 mg kg-1 of either free curcumin (Cur), curcumin/nano-curcumin blend (Cur/NCur), or nano-curcumin (NCur) for 56 days. Red tilapia broodstock (155 ± 5.65 g) were stocked at a male: female ratio of 1:3. Blood samples and gonads were collected to assess hemato-biochemical parameters, reproductive capacity, and related gene expression at the end of the feeding trial. The results indicated that the values of hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin), total protein, albumin values, and reproductive hormones (T, LH, and FSH) were significantly increased, while liver function enzymes were decreased in the NCur group (P < 0.05). Reproductive performances (GSI, gonad maturation, total number of fry per female) were significantly improved in the NCur group compared with those in other groups (p < 0.05). The expression of reproductive genes (CYP19A1A, FSHR, LHR, FOXL2A, ESR1, ESR2A, and PGR) were significantly up-regulated in the gonads of fish fed NCur. Collectively, feeding red tilapia diets containing NCur led to noticeably better results followed by Cur/NCur blend, then free Cur compared to the control diet. These results indicate the superiority of NCur over its free or blended form, suggesting that a diet containing about 60 mg/kg of NCur is beneficial for enhancing hemato-biochemical parameters, improving reproductive performance, and enhancing the gonadal architecture of red tilapia.

姜黄素是姜黄粉中的主要多酚成分,作为鱼类膳食中的一种有效补充剂,姜黄素越来越受到关注。本研究进行了一项比较试验,以评估膳食中补充不同形式的姜黄素(游离、混合或纳米颗粒)对红罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus)鱼苗的血液生化指标、繁殖能力和相关基因表达的影响。给鱼(n = 168)喂食等氮(30% CP)、等热(18.72 兆焦耳/千克-1)的食物,其中包括基础食物(对照组)、60 毫克/千克-1 的游离姜黄素(Cur)、姜黄素/纳米姜黄素混合物(Cur/NCur)或纳米姜黄素(NCur),喂食 56 天。红罗非鱼鱼种(155 ± 5.65 克)的雌雄比例为 1:3。在饲养试验结束时,采集血样和性腺以评估血液生化指标、繁殖能力和相关基因表达。结果表明,NCur 组的血液学参数值(红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白)、总蛋白、白蛋白值和生殖激素(T、LH 和 FSH)显著增加,而肝功能酶则下降(P<0.05)。
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BMC Veterinary Research
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