<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep and goats (MPSG) is an important infectious disease that threatens sheep and goat production worldwide, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Movi) is one of the major aetiological agents causing MPSG. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological activity of the Hsp70‒P113 fusion protein derived from Movi and to develop a serological assay for the detection of Movi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved codon optimization of the dominant antigenic regions of Movi heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and adhesin P113. Afterwards, the optimized sequences were inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a( +) through tandem linking with the aid of a linker. Once a positive recombinant plasmid (pET-30a-rHsp70-P113) was successfully generated, the expression conditions were further refined. The resulting double gene fusion target protein (rHsp70‒P113) was subsequently purified using ProteinIso® Ni-NTA resin, and the reactivity of the protein was confirmed via SDS‒PAGE and Western blot analysis. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) technique was developed to detect Movi utilizing the fusion protein as the coating antigen. The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of all methods were assessed after each reaction parameter was optimized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting rHsp70-P113 protein had a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa and was predominantly expressed in the supernatant. Western blot analysis demonstrated its favourable reactivity. The optimal parameters for the i-ELISA technique were as follows: the rHsp70-P113 protein was encapsulated at a concentration of 5 μg/mL; the serum was diluted at a ratio of 1:50; the HRP-labelled donkey anti-goat IgG was diluted at a ratio of 1:6,000. The results of the cross-reactivity assays revealed that the i-ELISA was not cross-reactive with other goat-positive sera against Mycoplasma mycodies subsp. capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), Mycoplasma arginini (Marg), orf virus (ORFV) or enzootic nasal tumour virus of goats (ENTV-2). The sensitivity of this method is high, with a maximum dilution of up to 1:640. The results of the intra- and inter-batch replication tests revealed that the coefficients of variation were both less than 10%, indicating excellent reproducibility. The analysis of 108 clinical serum samples via i-ELISA and indirect haemagglutination techniques yielded significant findings. Among these samples, 43 displayed positive results, whereas 65 presented negative results, resulting in a positivity rate of 39.8% for the i-ELISA method. In contrast, the indirect haemagglutination technique identified 20 positive samples and 88 negative samples, resulting in a positivity rate of 18.5%. Moreover, a comparison between the two methods revealed a conformity rate of 78.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained in this study lay t
{"title":"Investigating the immunological activity of the Hsp70-P113 fusion protein for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae detection: a groundbreaking study.","authors":"Jinxiu Jiang, Yusheng Lin, Jingpeng Zhang, Weiwei Liu, Qilin Hu, Lina Huang, Yongliang Che","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04274-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04274-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep and goats (MPSG) is an important infectious disease that threatens sheep and goat production worldwide, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Movi) is one of the major aetiological agents causing MPSG. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological activity of the Hsp70‒P113 fusion protein derived from Movi and to develop a serological assay for the detection of Movi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved codon optimization of the dominant antigenic regions of Movi heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and adhesin P113. Afterwards, the optimized sequences were inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a( +) through tandem linking with the aid of a linker. Once a positive recombinant plasmid (pET-30a-rHsp70-P113) was successfully generated, the expression conditions were further refined. The resulting double gene fusion target protein (rHsp70‒P113) was subsequently purified using ProteinIso® Ni-NTA resin, and the reactivity of the protein was confirmed via SDS‒PAGE and Western blot analysis. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) technique was developed to detect Movi utilizing the fusion protein as the coating antigen. The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of all methods were assessed after each reaction parameter was optimized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting rHsp70-P113 protein had a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa and was predominantly expressed in the supernatant. Western blot analysis demonstrated its favourable reactivity. The optimal parameters for the i-ELISA technique were as follows: the rHsp70-P113 protein was encapsulated at a concentration of 5 μg/mL; the serum was diluted at a ratio of 1:50; the HRP-labelled donkey anti-goat IgG was diluted at a ratio of 1:6,000. The results of the cross-reactivity assays revealed that the i-ELISA was not cross-reactive with other goat-positive sera against Mycoplasma mycodies subsp. capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), Mycoplasma arginini (Marg), orf virus (ORFV) or enzootic nasal tumour virus of goats (ENTV-2). The sensitivity of this method is high, with a maximum dilution of up to 1:640. The results of the intra- and inter-batch replication tests revealed that the coefficients of variation were both less than 10%, indicating excellent reproducibility. The analysis of 108 clinical serum samples via i-ELISA and indirect haemagglutination techniques yielded significant findings. Among these samples, 43 displayed positive results, whereas 65 presented negative results, resulting in a positivity rate of 39.8% for the i-ELISA method. In contrast, the indirect haemagglutination technique identified 20 positive samples and 88 negative samples, resulting in a positivity rate of 18.5%. Moreover, a comparison between the two methods revealed a conformity rate of 78.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained in this study lay t","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04263-w
Carlos Iglesias Pastrana, Francisco Javier Navas González, Martina Macri, María del Amparo Martínez Martínez, Elena Ciani, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
In the realm of animal breeding for sustainability, domestic camels have traditionally been valued for their milk and meat production. However, key aspects such as zoometrics, biomechanics, and behavior have often been overlooked in terms of their genetic foundations. Recognizing this gap, the present study perfomed genome-wide association analyses to identify genetic markers associated with zoometrics-, biomechanics-, and behavior-related traits in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). 16 and 108 genetic markers were significantly associated (q < 0.05) at genome and chromosome-wide levels of significance, respectively, with zoometrics- (width, length, and perimeter/girth), biomechanics- (acceleration, displacement, spatial position, and velocity), and behavior-related traits (general cognition, intelligence, and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)) in dromedaries. In most association loci, the nearest protein-coding genes are linkedto neurodevelopmental and sensory disorders. This suggests that genetic variations related to neural development and sensory perception play crucial roles in shaping a dromedary camel’s physical characteristics and behavior. In summary, this research advances our understanding of the genomic basis of essential traits in dromedary camels. Identifying specific genetic markers associated with zoometrics, biomechanics, and behavior provides valuable insights into camel domestication. Moreover, the links between these traits and genes related to neurodevelopmental and sensory disorders highlight the broader implications of domestication and modern selection on the health and welfare of dromedary camels. This knowledge could guide future breeding strategies, fostering a more holistic approach to camel husbandry and ensuring the sustainability of these animals in diverse agricultural contexts.
{"title":"Identification of novel genetic loci related to dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) morphometrics, biomechanics, and behavior by genome-wide association studies","authors":"Carlos Iglesias Pastrana, Francisco Javier Navas González, Martina Macri, María del Amparo Martínez Martínez, Elena Ciani, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04263-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04263-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of animal breeding for sustainability, domestic camels have traditionally been valued for their milk and meat production. However, key aspects such as zoometrics, biomechanics, and behavior have often been overlooked in terms of their genetic foundations. Recognizing this gap, the present study perfomed genome-wide association analyses to identify genetic markers associated with zoometrics-, biomechanics-, and behavior-related traits in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). 16 and 108 genetic markers were significantly associated (q < 0.05) at genome and chromosome-wide levels of significance, respectively, with zoometrics- (width, length, and perimeter/girth), biomechanics- (acceleration, displacement, spatial position, and velocity), and behavior-related traits (general cognition, intelligence, and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)) in dromedaries. In most association loci, the nearest protein-coding genes are linkedto neurodevelopmental and sensory disorders. This suggests that genetic variations related to neural development and sensory perception play crucial roles in shaping a dromedary camel’s physical characteristics and behavior. In summary, this research advances our understanding of the genomic basis of essential traits in dromedary camels. Identifying specific genetic markers associated with zoometrics, biomechanics, and behavior provides valuable insights into camel domestication. Moreover, the links between these traits and genes related to neurodevelopmental and sensory disorders highlight the broader implications of domestication and modern selection on the health and welfare of dromedary camels. This knowledge could guide future breeding strategies, fostering a more holistic approach to camel husbandry and ensuring the sustainability of these animals in diverse agricultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04267-6
Ellen Haynes, Kayla B. Garrett, Ryan K. A. Grunert, John A. Bryan, Metinou Sidouin, Philip Tchindebet Oaukou, Bongo Nare Richard Ngandolo, Michael J. Yabsley, Christopher A. Cleveland
Tick-borne pathogens are understudied among domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa but represent significant threats to the health of domestic animals and humans. Specifically, additional data are needed on tick-borne pathogens in Chad, Africa. Surveillance was conducted among domestic dogs in Chad for selected tick-borne pathogens to measure (1) the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp.; (2) the prevalence of infections caused by Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia spp.; and (3) associations of pathogens with demographic, spatial, and temporal factors. Blood samples were collected from domestic dogs at three time points (May 2019, November 2019, June 2020) across 23 villages in southern Chad. Of the 428 dogs tested with the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test in May 2019, 86% (n = 370, 95% CI = 83–90%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., 21% (n = 88, 95% CI = 17–25%) were positive for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., and 0.7% (n = 3, 95% CI = 0.1–2%) were positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Four different pathogens were detected via PCR. Hepatozoon spp. were most commonly detected (67.2–93.4%, depending on the time point of sampling), followed by E. canis (7.0-27.8%), A. platys (10.1–22.0%), and Babesia vogeli (0.4–1.9%). Dogs were coinfected with up to three pathogens at a single time point, and coinfections were most common in May 2019 compared to November 2019 and May 2020. Overall, this study provides new data about the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Chad, with potential implications for dog and human health.
{"title":"Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa","authors":"Ellen Haynes, Kayla B. Garrett, Ryan K. A. Grunert, John A. Bryan, Metinou Sidouin, Philip Tchindebet Oaukou, Bongo Nare Richard Ngandolo, Michael J. Yabsley, Christopher A. Cleveland","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04267-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04267-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tick-borne pathogens are understudied among domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa but represent significant threats to the health of domestic animals and humans. Specifically, additional data are needed on tick-borne pathogens in Chad, Africa. Surveillance was conducted among domestic dogs in Chad for selected tick-borne pathogens to measure (1) the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp.; (2) the prevalence of infections caused by Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia spp.; and (3) associations of pathogens with demographic, spatial, and temporal factors. Blood samples were collected from domestic dogs at three time points (May 2019, November 2019, June 2020) across 23 villages in southern Chad. Of the 428 dogs tested with the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test in May 2019, 86% (n = 370, 95% CI = 83–90%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., 21% (n = 88, 95% CI = 17–25%) were positive for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., and 0.7% (n = 3, 95% CI = 0.1–2%) were positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Four different pathogens were detected via PCR. Hepatozoon spp. were most commonly detected (67.2–93.4%, depending on the time point of sampling), followed by E. canis (7.0-27.8%), A. platys (10.1–22.0%), and Babesia vogeli (0.4–1.9%). Dogs were coinfected with up to three pathogens at a single time point, and coinfections were most common in May 2019 compared to November 2019 and May 2020. Overall, this study provides new data about the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Chad, with potential implications for dog and human health.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04278-3
Asghar Mogheiseh, Nooshin Derakhshandeh, Mohammad-Reza Divar, Saeed Nazifi, Iman Ahmadi
Aromatase inhibitors improve male fertility by modifying the hormonal control of spermatogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of letrozole on testosterone and estradiol concentrations and their ratios in blood serum, seminal plasma, prostatic fluid, sperm quality in fresh semen, and prostate gland dimensions. Seven adult male intact mixed-breed dogs were selected. The animals received letrozole (72 µg/kg, PO) daily for four weeks. Blood samplings and semen collections were carried out on days 0 (control), 14 (treatment), 28 (treatment), and 42 (post-treatment). Our results showed that letrozole administration resulted in a 4.3 fold significant increase in serum, seminal plasma, and prostatic fluid testosterone levels after 14 days. This remained high until the end of the study. Serum and prostatic fluid estradiol levels did not change significantly over the study period. However, the seminal plasma estradiol level showed a significant increase on day 14. The estradiol: testosterone ratio was significantly reduced on day 14 in serum, seminal plasma, and prostatic fluid samples. Letrozole significantly improved the ejaculated spermatozoa viability and concentration after 28 days of oral administration. However, the sperm plasma membrane functional integrity and kinematic parameters were not significantly affected by the treatment. Transabdominal ultrasound examination revealed a significant increase in the height, width, and volume of the prostate gland after 28 days of treatment. According to the present research, oral administration of letrozole for 28 days affects local and systemic sex hormone balance leading to an improvement of the ejaculated canine spermatozoa viability and concentration concurrent with an increase in the prostate gland dimensions.
{"title":"Effects of short-term oral letrozole on fresh semen parameters, endocrine balance, and prostate gland dimensions in domestic dogs","authors":"Asghar Mogheiseh, Nooshin Derakhshandeh, Mohammad-Reza Divar, Saeed Nazifi, Iman Ahmadi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04278-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04278-3","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatase inhibitors improve male fertility by modifying the hormonal control of spermatogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of letrozole on testosterone and estradiol concentrations and their ratios in blood serum, seminal plasma, prostatic fluid, sperm quality in fresh semen, and prostate gland dimensions. Seven adult male intact mixed-breed dogs were selected. The animals received letrozole (72 µg/kg, PO) daily for four weeks. Blood samplings and semen collections were carried out on days 0 (control), 14 (treatment), 28 (treatment), and 42 (post-treatment). Our results showed that letrozole administration resulted in a 4.3 fold significant increase in serum, seminal plasma, and prostatic fluid testosterone levels after 14 days. This remained high until the end of the study. Serum and prostatic fluid estradiol levels did not change significantly over the study period. However, the seminal plasma estradiol level showed a significant increase on day 14. The estradiol: testosterone ratio was significantly reduced on day 14 in serum, seminal plasma, and prostatic fluid samples. Letrozole significantly improved the ejaculated spermatozoa viability and concentration after 28 days of oral administration. However, the sperm plasma membrane functional integrity and kinematic parameters were not significantly affected by the treatment. Transabdominal ultrasound examination revealed a significant increase in the height, width, and volume of the prostate gland after 28 days of treatment. According to the present research, oral administration of letrozole for 28 days affects local and systemic sex hormone balance leading to an improvement of the ejaculated canine spermatozoa viability and concentration concurrent with an increase in the prostate gland dimensions.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04237-y
Hanan H. Abd-El-Hafeez, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Zyad M. Baker, Mohamed Aref, Mohamed A.M. Alsafy, Samir A.A. El-Gendy, Eman Zahran, Hams Mohamed M. A., Ali H. Alghamdi, Mahmoud Osman Khalifa, Basma M. Kamal, Fawzyah A. Alghamdi, Soha A. Soliman, Diaa Massoud
Endocrine cells in the fundic stomach of Clarias gariepinus were characterized in this work using transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry. Performic acid mixed with alcian blue pH2.5 and silver stain were among the histochemical stains used for endocrine cells. Endocrine cells can be found in the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa, and the area between the stomach glands. Endocrine cells with one or more nuclei were found. Endocrine cells were studied using CD3, CD21, and CD68 in an immunohistochemistry analysis. The expression of the lymphocyte marker CD3 by endocrine cells is remarkable. In addition, they had a strong immunological response to CD21 and CD68, which are characteristics of phagocytic cells. Granules of varied sizes and electron densities are packed densely into the cytoplasm of the cells, as seen by transmission electron microscopy. We propose that endocrine cells play a crucial role in immune defense. The role of endocrine cells in the gut’s immune system is an area that needs further investigation.
{"title":"Characterization of giant endocrine cells in the fundic stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) demonstrated by histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructure microscopy methods suggesting their role in immunity","authors":"Hanan H. Abd-El-Hafeez, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Zyad M. Baker, Mohamed Aref, Mohamed A.M. Alsafy, Samir A.A. El-Gendy, Eman Zahran, Hams Mohamed M. A., Ali H. Alghamdi, Mahmoud Osman Khalifa, Basma M. Kamal, Fawzyah A. Alghamdi, Soha A. Soliman, Diaa Massoud","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04237-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04237-y","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine cells in the fundic stomach of Clarias gariepinus were characterized in this work using transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry. Performic acid mixed with alcian blue pH2.5 and silver stain were among the histochemical stains used for endocrine cells. Endocrine cells can be found in the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa, and the area between the stomach glands. Endocrine cells with one or more nuclei were found. Endocrine cells were studied using CD3, CD21, and CD68 in an immunohistochemistry analysis. The expression of the lymphocyte marker CD3 by endocrine cells is remarkable. In addition, they had a strong immunological response to CD21 and CD68, which are characteristics of phagocytic cells. Granules of varied sizes and electron densities are packed densely into the cytoplasm of the cells, as seen by transmission electron microscopy. We propose that endocrine cells play a crucial role in immune defense. The role of endocrine cells in the gut’s immune system is an area that needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04260-z
Katarina Eskola, Elina Aimo-Koivisto, Annamari Heikinheimo, Anna Mykkänen, Tiina Hautajärvi, Thomas Grönthal
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important zoonotic pathogens that can cause serious clinical infections, also in horses. Preventing the spread of ESBL-E, especially in the equine hospital environment, is key to reducing the number of difficult-to-treat infections. Estimating the local prevalence of ESBL-E in horses is crucial to establish targeted infection control programs at equine hospitals. We conducted a prevalence and risk factor study in equine patients on admission to an equine teaching hospital in Finland through a rectal ESBL-E screening specimen of the horse and a questionnaire. The prevalence of ESBL-E in admitted horses was 3% (5/161, 95% CI 1–7%); none of the tested factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, although antimicrobial treatment within three months was borderline significant (p = 0.052). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6179:CTX-M-15 was detected in three horses using whole-genome sequencing, which in combination with patient records suggested nosocomial transmission. Escherichia coli isolates were ST1250:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), ST1079:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), and ST1245:CTX-M-14 (n = 1). Multiple virulence genes were detected in the ESBL-E isolates. In the ESBL-E positive horses enrolled in a one-year follow-up study, ESBL-E were unlikely to be isolated in rectal screening specimens after the initial positive specimen. The prevalence of ESBL-E in horses visiting a veterinary teaching hospital in Finland is low, indicating an overall low prevalence estimate in the country’s equine population. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, likely due to the low number of cases. The duration of ESBL-E carriage is likely to be very short in horses.
{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in horses entering an equine hospital and description of longitudinal excretion","authors":"Katarina Eskola, Elina Aimo-Koivisto, Annamari Heikinheimo, Anna Mykkänen, Tiina Hautajärvi, Thomas Grönthal","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04260-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04260-z","url":null,"abstract":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important zoonotic pathogens that can cause serious clinical infections, also in horses. Preventing the spread of ESBL-E, especially in the equine hospital environment, is key to reducing the number of difficult-to-treat infections. Estimating the local prevalence of ESBL-E in horses is crucial to establish targeted infection control programs at equine hospitals. We conducted a prevalence and risk factor study in equine patients on admission to an equine teaching hospital in Finland through a rectal ESBL-E screening specimen of the horse and a questionnaire. The prevalence of ESBL-E in admitted horses was 3% (5/161, 95% CI 1–7%); none of the tested factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, although antimicrobial treatment within three months was borderline significant (p = 0.052). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6179:CTX-M-15 was detected in three horses using whole-genome sequencing, which in combination with patient records suggested nosocomial transmission. Escherichia coli isolates were ST1250:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), ST1079:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), and ST1245:CTX-M-14 (n = 1). Multiple virulence genes were detected in the ESBL-E isolates. In the ESBL-E positive horses enrolled in a one-year follow-up study, ESBL-E were unlikely to be isolated in rectal screening specimens after the initial positive specimen. The prevalence of ESBL-E in horses visiting a veterinary teaching hospital in Finland is low, indicating an overall low prevalence estimate in the country’s equine population. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, likely due to the low number of cases. The duration of ESBL-E carriage is likely to be very short in horses.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04271-w
Ragnvi Hagman, Caroline Klemming, Emma Bengtsdotter, Fredrik Södersten, Liya Wang, Sara Wernersson
Sepsis, defined as a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection inducing organ dysfunction, is a common cause of mortality in both humans and animals. Early detection and treatment is essential for survival, but accurate diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for sepsis. This study explored the potential of the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like protein in dogs as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with bacterial uterine infection (pyometra). The aim was to compare KC-like concentrations in dogs with pyometra with or without sepsis and to assess associations between KC-like and clinical variables, including days of hospitalization as an outcome. A mouse KC ELISA was validated and used to determine the concentrations of KC-like in serum from 34 dogs with pyometra and 18 healthy controls. Dogs with pyometra were classified as having sepsis based on two different criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), resulting in 74% and 30% sepsis-positive, respectively. The concentration of KC-like protein was higher in pyometra dogs with sepsis than in pyometra dogs without sepsis (p < 0.05) and in healthy controls (p < 0.0001) when using either of the two SIRS criteria. Moreover, KC-like was slightly increased in dogs with pyometra without sepsis compared with healthy controls when using the more stringent SIRS criteria (p < 0.05). Analyses of all dogs showed that KC-like concentrations correlated positively with hospitalization days, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, white blood cells, and percentage of band neutrophils; however, KC-like correlated negatively with hemoglobin and did not correlate with circulating creatinine. Our results suggest that circulating KC-like protein increases in dogs with sepsis in pyometra and that KC-like is associated with more severe clinical illness. These findings support a potential role of KC-like as a biomarker of sepsis; however, the true identity of KC-like in dogs has yet to be uncovered.
{"title":"KC-like chemokine as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with pyometra","authors":"Ragnvi Hagman, Caroline Klemming, Emma Bengtsdotter, Fredrik Södersten, Liya Wang, Sara Wernersson","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04271-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04271-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis, defined as a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection inducing organ dysfunction, is a common cause of mortality in both humans and animals. Early detection and treatment is essential for survival, but accurate diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for sepsis. This study explored the potential of the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like protein in dogs as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with bacterial uterine infection (pyometra). The aim was to compare KC-like concentrations in dogs with pyometra with or without sepsis and to assess associations between KC-like and clinical variables, including days of hospitalization as an outcome. A mouse KC ELISA was validated and used to determine the concentrations of KC-like in serum from 34 dogs with pyometra and 18 healthy controls. Dogs with pyometra were classified as having sepsis based on two different criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), resulting in 74% and 30% sepsis-positive, respectively. The concentration of KC-like protein was higher in pyometra dogs with sepsis than in pyometra dogs without sepsis (p < 0.05) and in healthy controls (p < 0.0001) when using either of the two SIRS criteria. Moreover, KC-like was slightly increased in dogs with pyometra without sepsis compared with healthy controls when using the more stringent SIRS criteria (p < 0.05). Analyses of all dogs showed that KC-like concentrations correlated positively with hospitalization days, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, white blood cells, and percentage of band neutrophils; however, KC-like correlated negatively with hemoglobin and did not correlate with circulating creatinine. Our results suggest that circulating KC-like protein increases in dogs with sepsis in pyometra and that KC-like is associated with more severe clinical illness. These findings support a potential role of KC-like as a biomarker of sepsis; however, the true identity of KC-like in dogs has yet to be uncovered.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04251-0
Ali Nemati, Mahdi Askari Badouei, Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar, Stefano Morabito, Ali Dadvar
Due to the diversity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, detecting highly pathogenic strains in foodstuffs is challenging. Currently, reference protocols for STEC rely on the molecular detection of eae and the stx1 and/or stx2 genes, followed by the detection of serogroup-specific wzx or wzy genes related to the top 7 serogroups. However, these screening methods do not distinguish between samples in which a STEC possessing both determinants are present and those containing two or more organisms, each containing one of these genes. This study aimed to evaluate ecf1, Z2098, Z2099, and nleA genes as single markers and their combinations (ecf1/Z2098, ecf1/Z2099, ecf1/nleA, Z2098/Z2099, Z2098/nleA, and Z2099/nleA) as genetic markers to detect potentially pathogenic STEC by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 96 animal samples, as well as in 52 whole genome sequences of human samples via in silico PCR analyses. In animal isolates, Z2098 and Z2098/Z2099 showed a strong association with the detected top 7 isolates, with 100% and 69.2% of them testing positive, respectively. In human isolates, Z2099 was detected in 95% of the top 7 HUS isolates, while Z2098/Z2099 and ecf1/Z2099 were detected in 87.5% of the top 7 HUS isolates. Overall, using a single gene marker, Z2098, Z2099, and ecf1 are sensitive targets for screening the top 7 STEC isolates, and the combination of Z2098/Z2099 offers a more targeted initial screening method to detect the top 7 STEC isolates. Detecting non-top 7 STEC in both animal and human samples proved challenging due to inconsistent characteristics associated with the genetic markers studied.
{"title":"Molecular and in silico analyses for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and highly pathogenic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) using genetic markers located on plasmid, O Island 57 and O Island 71","authors":"Ali Nemati, Mahdi Askari Badouei, Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar, Stefano Morabito, Ali Dadvar","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04251-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04251-0","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the diversity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, detecting highly pathogenic strains in foodstuffs is challenging. Currently, reference protocols for STEC rely on the molecular detection of eae and the stx1 and/or stx2 genes, followed by the detection of serogroup-specific wzx or wzy genes related to the top 7 serogroups. However, these screening methods do not distinguish between samples in which a STEC possessing both determinants are present and those containing two or more organisms, each containing one of these genes. This study aimed to evaluate ecf1, Z2098, Z2099, and nleA genes as single markers and their combinations (ecf1/Z2098, ecf1/Z2099, ecf1/nleA, Z2098/Z2099, Z2098/nleA, and Z2099/nleA) as genetic markers to detect potentially pathogenic STEC by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 96 animal samples, as well as in 52 whole genome sequences of human samples via in silico PCR analyses. In animal isolates, Z2098 and Z2098/Z2099 showed a strong association with the detected top 7 isolates, with 100% and 69.2% of them testing positive, respectively. In human isolates, Z2099 was detected in 95% of the top 7 HUS isolates, while Z2098/Z2099 and ecf1/Z2099 were detected in 87.5% of the top 7 HUS isolates. Overall, using a single gene marker, Z2098, Z2099, and ecf1 are sensitive targets for screening the top 7 STEC isolates, and the combination of Z2098/Z2099 offers a more targeted initial screening method to detect the top 7 STEC isolates. Detecting non-top 7 STEC in both animal and human samples proved challenging due to inconsistent characteristics associated with the genetic markers studied.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04212-7
Eman M. Abu El-Naga, Montaser Elsayed Ali, Ramya A. Sindi, Hassan A. Hussein
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of amino acid (histidine and L-Tyrosine) on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cleavage (CR) rates, and in vitro embryonic cultivation (IVC; Morula and Blastocyst stage) in buffaloes. Within two hours of buffalo slaughter, the ovaries were collected and transported to the laboratory. Follicles with a diameter of 2 to 8 mm were aspirated to recover the cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Histidine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml) or L-Tyrosine (1, 5, and 10 mg/ml) were added to the synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and Ferticult media. The IVM, IVF, CR, and IVC (Morula and Blastocyst) rates were evaluated. The results showed that SOF maturation media containing histidine at 0.5 mg/ml significantly (P ≤ 0.01) improved the oocyte maturation when compared to control and other concentrations. The addition of histidine to FertiCult media at 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml did not improve the IVM, IVF, CR, or IVC percentages. However, the embryos in the control group were unable to grow into a morula or blastocyst in the SOF or Ferticult, while addition of L-Tyrosine to the SOF or Ferticult at various concentrations improved IVC (morula and blastocyst rates). There was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in IVM when histidine was added to SOF medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml compared with L-Tyrosine. Also, there were significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in IVC when L-Tyrosine was added to SOF medium at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/ml compared with histidine. In conclusion, the supplementation of the SOF and FertiCult with the amino acids histidine and L-Tyrosine improve the maturation rate of oocytes and development of in vitro-produced buffalo embryos.
{"title":"Effect of histidine and L-Tyrosine supplementation in maturation medium on in-vitro developmental outcomes of buffalo oocytes","authors":"Eman M. Abu El-Naga, Montaser Elsayed Ali, Ramya A. Sindi, Hassan A. Hussein","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04212-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04212-7","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the effects of amino acid (histidine and L-Tyrosine) on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cleavage (CR) rates, and in vitro embryonic cultivation (IVC; Morula and Blastocyst stage) in buffaloes. Within two hours of buffalo slaughter, the ovaries were collected and transported to the laboratory. Follicles with a diameter of 2 to 8 mm were aspirated to recover the cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Histidine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml) or L-Tyrosine (1, 5, and 10 mg/ml) were added to the synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and Ferticult media. The IVM, IVF, CR, and IVC (Morula and Blastocyst) rates were evaluated. The results showed that SOF maturation media containing histidine at 0.5 mg/ml significantly (P ≤ 0.01) improved the oocyte maturation when compared to control and other concentrations. The addition of histidine to FertiCult media at 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/ml did not improve the IVM, IVF, CR, or IVC percentages. However, the embryos in the control group were unable to grow into a morula or blastocyst in the SOF or Ferticult, while addition of L-Tyrosine to the SOF or Ferticult at various concentrations improved IVC (morula and blastocyst rates). There was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in IVM when histidine was added to SOF medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml compared with L-Tyrosine. Also, there were significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in IVC when L-Tyrosine was added to SOF medium at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/ml compared with histidine. In conclusion, the supplementation of the SOF and FertiCult with the amino acids histidine and L-Tyrosine improve the maturation rate of oocytes and development of in vitro-produced buffalo embryos.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past decade, the increasing distribution of pollutants in the aquatic environment has been observed, causing integrative effects on fish. Likewise, due to anthropogenic activities, the southern gulf of Lake Tana is an impacted region, and the production of Nile tilapia fish is reduced. For this reason, the aim of this study was to conduct a histopathological-based study of 48 Nile tilapia fishes’ health status at the southern gulf of Lake Tana and aquaculture using a cross-sectional study from February 2023 to May 2023. The study evaluated the histopathology of the gill, liver, gonads, and spleen organs using descriptive statistics accompanied by a 2 × 2 contingency table and t-test analysis. During the study, different histological alterations were detected, and the numbers of fish affected by a specific histological alteration were presented as percentage prevalence; hence, from the total fish examined, hyperplasia (54.15%), followed by pigment deposits (52%), hemorrhage (50%), and immune cell infiltration (50%), respectively, were the most frequently detected alterations. However, Nile tilapias from the southern gulf of Lake Tana were 1.4 (odds ratio) times more likely to show histopathological alterations than those from aquaculture, although statistically, was not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the study found the mean value of the fish index (95.3) and regressive indices of the gill (13.6), liver (14.8), and gonad (12.3); moreover, the inflammatory indices of the spleen organ (11.3) and mean severity grade value of the gill (2.35) and gonad (1.7) organs, respectively, were obtained from the southern gulf of Lake Tana, and all those values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) from this site as compared to the aquaculture. In general, it has been found that tilapias from the southern gulf of Lake Tana showed higher pathological severity as compared with aquaculture. Among the four target organs evaluated, liver organs were observed to be the most damaged, while gonads were the least impacted organs. Therefore, it has been concluded that tilapia fish are living in abnormal conditions, so to ensure a sustainable fishery, water pollutant sources from Bahirdar city must receive proper attention, and future studies should consider age differences, seasonal variation, and the detection of specific pollutants.
{"title":"Histopathology based study of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as a biomarker for water pollution evaluation in the southern gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia","authors":"Mengesha Ayehu Getnet, Muluken Yayeh Mekonnen, Hailu Mazengia Yimam, Asnakew Mulaw Berihun, Birhan Anagaw Malede","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04230-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04230-5","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, the increasing distribution of pollutants in the aquatic environment has been observed, causing integrative effects on fish. Likewise, due to anthropogenic activities, the southern gulf of Lake Tana is an impacted region, and the production of Nile tilapia fish is reduced. For this reason, the aim of this study was to conduct a histopathological-based study of 48 Nile tilapia fishes’ health status at the southern gulf of Lake Tana and aquaculture using a cross-sectional study from February 2023 to May 2023. The study evaluated the histopathology of the gill, liver, gonads, and spleen organs using descriptive statistics accompanied by a 2 × 2 contingency table and t-test analysis. During the study, different histological alterations were detected, and the numbers of fish affected by a specific histological alteration were presented as percentage prevalence; hence, from the total fish examined, hyperplasia (54.15%), followed by pigment deposits (52%), hemorrhage (50%), and immune cell infiltration (50%), respectively, were the most frequently detected alterations. However, Nile tilapias from the southern gulf of Lake Tana were 1.4 (odds ratio) times more likely to show histopathological alterations than those from aquaculture, although statistically, was not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the study found the mean value of the fish index (95.3) and regressive indices of the gill (13.6), liver (14.8), and gonad (12.3); moreover, the inflammatory indices of the spleen organ (11.3) and mean severity grade value of the gill (2.35) and gonad (1.7) organs, respectively, were obtained from the southern gulf of Lake Tana, and all those values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) from this site as compared to the aquaculture. In general, it has been found that tilapias from the southern gulf of Lake Tana showed higher pathological severity as compared with aquaculture. Among the four target organs evaluated, liver organs were observed to be the most damaged, while gonads were the least impacted organs. Therefore, it has been concluded that tilapia fish are living in abnormal conditions, so to ensure a sustainable fishery, water pollutant sources from Bahirdar city must receive proper attention, and future studies should consider age differences, seasonal variation, and the detection of specific pollutants.","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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