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Comparative pathogenesis of Ethiopia/Habru/2014 Lineage-IV peste des petits ruminants virus in goats and cattle. 埃塞俄比亚/哈布鲁/2014 Lineage-IV 小反刍兽疫病毒在山羊和牛中的致病机理比较。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04313-3
Fasil Aklilu, Hagos Ashenafi, Tesfu Kassa, Hassen Chaka, Demeke Sibhatu, Dereje Shegu, Abde Aliy Mohammed, Redeat Belaineh, Menbere Kidane, Hagos Asgedom, Tesfaye Chibssa, Getnet Mekonnen, Asegedetch Sirak, Solomon Gebredufe, Claudia Schulz, Catherine M Herzog, Vivek Kapur

Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease primarily affecting goats and sheep, with clinical manifestations ranging from peracute disease to subclinical infection, particularly in atypical hosts such as cattle. The role of atypical hosts such as cattle to the spread of PPR remains controversial, with conflicting reports in the literature. Despite its worldwide significance, considerable knowledge gaps exist regarding the pathogenesis and clinical progression in both primary and atypical hosts. This study aimed to elucidate the tissue tropism, pathogenesis, virus shedding, clinical progression, and pathology associated with experimental PPR virus infection in indigenous goats and cattle. To this end, 32 animals-16 goats and 16 cattle-were intranasally inoculated with the Ethiopia/Habru/2014 Lineage-IV strain of the PPR virus followed by detailed clinical evaluations and systematic sampling at pre-established intervals to assess serological conversion, viral shedding, and the pathogenesis of the infection across both species.

Results: The results show that goats exhibited typical clinical signs 4 days post-inoculation, with seroconversion by day 6 and early detection of viral RNA in swabs and tissues by day 3 and virus isolation starting day 4. In contrast, cattle exhibited minimal clinical signs, with seroconversion occurring at day 8 with viral RNA detected in tissue samples at day 4 and virus isolation starting day 6 in tissues and in a single nasal swab at day 8. Clinical scores and tissue positivity rates significantly differed between goats and cattle (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). While goats exhibited expected gross and histopathological lesions, cattle showed only nonspecific lesions.

Conclusions: Together, our findings highlight the importance of comparative pathology studies for better understanding virus dynamics and transmission pathways that may help inform more effective PPR control programs. Future research should explore the pathogenesis of different PPRV lineages in cattle, assessing variations in disease progression and potential for epidemiological impact.

背景:小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种高度传染性的病毒性疾病,主要影响山羊和绵羊,临床表现从急性疾病到亚临床感染不等,尤其是在牛等非典型宿主中。牛等非典型宿主在 PPR 传播中所起的作用仍存在争议,文献中也有相互矛盾的报道。尽管 PPR 在全球范围内具有重要意义,但在原发宿主和非典型宿主的发病机制和临床进展方面仍存在相当大的知识差距。本研究旨在阐明与土著山羊和牛实验性感染 PPR 病毒有关的组织滋养、致病机理、病毒脱落、临床进展和病理学。为此,对 32 头动物(16 头山羊和 16 头牛)鼻内接种埃塞俄比亚/哈布鲁/2014 株系-IV 型 PPR 病毒,然后进行详细的临床评估,并在预先确定的时间间隔内进行系统采样,以评估血清学转换、病毒脱落以及两种动物的感染发病机制:结果表明,山羊在接种后 4 天出现典型的临床症状,第 6 天出现血清转换,第 3 天在拭子和组织中检测到病毒 RNA,第 4 天开始进行病毒分离。相比之下,牛的临床症状极轻,第 8 天出现血清转换,第 4 天在组织样本中检测到病毒 RNA,第 6 天开始在组织中分离到病毒,第 8 天在单个鼻拭子中分离到病毒。山羊和牛的临床评分和组织阳性率存在显著差异(P = 0.007 和 P 结论):总之,我们的研究结果凸显了比较病理学研究对于更好地了解病毒动态和传播途径的重要性,这有助于为更有效的 PPR 控制计划提供依据。未来的研究应探索不同 PPRV 系在牛体内的致病机理,评估疾病进展的差异和流行病学影响的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and characterization of ESKAPE organisms on the hands of veterinary students before patient contact at a veterinary academic hospital, South Africa. 南非一家兽医学术医院的兽医专业学生在接触病人之前手部出现 ESKAPE 微生物的情况及特征。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04322-2
Dikeledi C Sebola, James W Oguttu, Mogaugedi N Malahlela, Marleen M Kock, Daniel N Qekwana

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of ESKAPE organisms on the hands of students working in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a veterinary academic hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students working in an ICU at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. Students were sampled before the start of the ICU shift using a modified glove-juice method. Standard microbiological techniques and a series of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to identify and characterize the bacteria. All the isolates were tested for resistance against a specific panel of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Proportions of bacterial species and their antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles were calculated.

Results: At screening, all the veterinary students (n = 62) carried at least one of the ESKAPE organisms on their hands. Escherichia coli was the most isolated organism (76%, 47/62), followed by P. aeruginosa (48%, 30/62), A. baumannii (47%, 29/62), E. faecium (35%, 22/62), K. pneumoniae (27%, 17/62), and S. aureus (24%, 15/62). A reduced proportion of isolates were recovered from the samples, E. coli (26%, 12/47), E. faecium (23%, 5/22), P. aeruginosa (43%, 13/30), A. baumannii (24%,7/29), K. pneumoniae (41%, 7/17), and S. aureus (20%, 3/15). Most of the organisms showed a high proportion of resistance to at least one antibiotic. Multidrug resistance was reported among just over half (56%, 5/9) of E. coli, 40% (2/5) of E. faecium, 100% (13/13) of P. aeruginosa, and 33% (1/3) of S. aureus isolates.

Conclusion: Students working in the ICU carry several organisms belonging to the ESKAPE group of organisms before contact with patients. Moreover, MDR resistance was common among this group of organisms. The findings of the present study underscore the importance of infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies to help reduce the likelihood of the spread of these organisms to personnel, owners, family members, and patients.

研究目的本研究旨在调查在一家兽医学术医院重症监护室(ICU)工作的学生手上是否存在ESKAPE微生物:对在南非一家兽医学术医院重症监护室工作的学生进行了一项横断面研究。在重症监护室轮班开始前,使用改良的手套汁液法对学生进行采样。采用标准微生物学技术和一系列聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 检测方法对细菌进行鉴定和定性。使用磁盘扩散法检测了所有分离菌对特定抗生素的耐药性。计算细菌种类比例及其抗菌药敏感性:在筛查时,所有兽医专业学生(n = 62)的手上至少携带一种 ESKAPE 细菌。大肠埃希菌是分离最多的微生物(76%,47/62),其次是铜绿假单胞菌(48%,30/62)、鲍曼不动杆菌(47%,29/62)、粪大肠杆菌(35%,22/62)、肺炎双球菌(27%,17/62)和金黄色葡萄球菌(24%,15/62)。从样本中回收的分离菌比例较低,分别为大肠杆菌(26%,12/47)、粪大肠杆菌(23%,5/22)、铜绿假单胞菌(43%,13/30)、鲍曼不动杆菌(24%,7/29)、肺炎双球菌(41%,7/17)和金黄色葡萄球菌(20%,3/15)。大多数微生物对至少一种抗生素的耐药性比例较高。超过一半(56%,5/9)的大肠杆菌、40%(2/5)的粪大肠杆菌、100%(13/13)的铜绿假单胞菌和 33%(1/3)的金黄色葡萄球菌分离物对多种药物产生了耐药性:结论:在重症监护室工作的学生在与病人接触前会携带几种属于 ESKAPE 菌群的微生物。结论:在重症监护室工作的学生在接触病人之前会携带几种属于 ESKAPE 菌群的微生物,而且这类微生物普遍存在 MDR 耐药性。本研究的结果凸显了感染预防和控制(IPC)策略的重要性,有助于降低这些微生物向工作人员、业主、家庭成员和患者传播的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Physiology, gene expression, and behavior as potential indicators of oxidative stress in piglets. 作为仔猪氧化应激潜在指标的生理、基因表达和行为。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04320-4
Raúl David Guevara, Jose J Pastor, Sergi López-Vergé, Xavier Manteca, Gemma Tedo, Pol Llonch

The goal of the current study was to develop a pig model to investigate oxidative stress with a low negative impact on piglet welfare. Four independent trials (A, B, C, and D) were performed using a single intraperitoneal shot of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immune challenge, aiming to assess the minimal LPS dose for piglets of different age to trigger a measurable acute oxidative stress response in healthy animals. In trial A, piglets received an LPS dose of 25 µg/KgBW at 41 days post-weaning (p.w.). In trial B, piglets received 25 µg/KgBW of LPS at 28 days p.w., in trials C And D, piglets were injected with 50 µg/KgBW of LPS at 21 days p.w., respectively. Piglets were randomly allocated either to the T1) Control group with saline solution (Ctrl), or T2) LPS challenge (LPS). The oxidative stress response was measured through the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in both plasma and intestinal tissues. Intestinal gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers was assessed. Discomfort behaviors (panting, prostration, trembling, and vomits) were also recorded. Plasmatic and intestinal oxidative stress response was inconsistent across the four trials even when the dose and pig age were similar, possibly due to individual variability. Relative gene expression differences of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10), oxidation precursor (iNOS), and antioxidant markers (GPx4, MnSOD, and CAT) were detected between Ctrl and LPS treatment (P < 0.05) when assessed. Behavioral observations were sensitive to the LPS dose relative to Ctrl (P < 0.05) in all four trials. These results suggest that behavioral observations can be used as a non-invasive methodology to detect the presence of oxidative stress in pigs in challenging conditions. Behavioral observations were more sensitive than other indicators (i.e., biomarkers and gene expression) in the current study. However, a sensitivity scale system needs to be developed to qualify and rank the impact of oxidative stress in pigs.

本研究的目的是开发一种猪模型,用于研究对仔猪福利负面影响较小的氧化应激。我们进行了四项独立试验(A、B、C 和 D),使用单次腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)作为免疫挑战,旨在评估不同年龄的仔猪在健康动物体内引发可测量的急性氧化应激反应所需的最小 LPS 剂量。在试验 A 中,仔猪在断奶后 41 天(p.w.)接受 25 µg/KgBW 的 LPS 剂量。在试验 B 中,仔猪在断奶后 28 天注射 25 µg/KgBW 的 LPS;在试验 C 和 D 中,仔猪分别在断奶后 21 天注射 50 µg/KgBW 的 LPS。仔猪被随机分配到 T1(生理盐水对照组)或 T2(LPS 挑战组)。通过测定血浆和肠道组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活性来衡量氧化应激反应。评估了氧化应激和炎症标志物的肠道基因表达。还记录了动物的不适行为(喘气、匍匐、颤抖和呕吐)。在四次试验中,即使剂量和猪龄相似,血浆和肠道氧化应激反应也不一致,这可能是由于个体差异造成的。抗炎细胞因子(IL10)、氧化前体(iNOS)和抗氧化标志物(GPx4、MnSOD 和 CAT)的相对基因表达在 Ctrl 和 LPS 处理之间存在差异(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
An apparently healthy female British shorthair cat with a rare complication of colonic stenosis after flank approach ovariohysterectomy. 一只看似健康的雌性英国短毛猫在侧腹卵巢切除术后出现结肠狭窄的罕见并发症。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04328-w
Yixing Xie, Yintong Deng, Jiaxun Mai, Heyu Li, Yizhou Chen

Background: Colonic stenosis is a rare postoperative complication of ovariohysterectomy in cats, leading to dyschezia and fecal diameter reduction. In cats, while there are reports of colonic stenosis after midline approach ovariohysterectomy, there are no specific reports of flank approach ovariohysterectomy.

Case presentation: This report describes a severe case of a one-year-old British shorthair female cat presenting with gastrointestinal signs, including dyschezia and reduced fecal diameter, three weeks after flank approach ovariohysterectomy. Despite abdominal radiography, proctography with barium sulfate, colonoscopy, CT, and hematological analysis, the cause of colonic stenosis remained unclear. During exploratory laparotomy, an annular tissue band was found encircling the descending colon, resulting in severe local stenosis. After excision of the tissue band, the presenting clinical signs of the cat were rapidly improved. This result suggests that colonic stenosis caused by tissue band should be considered when diagnosing postoperative complications in flank approach ovariohysterectomy in cats.

Conclusion: Colon stenosis due to annular tissue band restriction should be considered one of the differentials for postoperative complications in flank approach ovariohysterectomy in cats.

背景:结肠狭窄是猫卵巢切除术后的一种罕见并发症,会导致排便困难和粪便直径缩小。在猫科动物中,虽然有关于中线入路卵巢切除术后结肠狭窄的报道,但没有关于侧翼入路卵巢切除术的具体报道:本报告描述了一例严重病例:一只一岁大的英国短毛猫雌猫在侧腹卵巢切除术后三周出现胃肠道症状,包括排便困难和粪便直径变小。尽管进行了腹部放射线检查、直肠硫酸钡造影、结肠镜检查、CT 和血液学分析,但结肠狭窄的原因仍不明确。在探查性开腹手术中,发现一条环状组织带环绕降结肠,导致局部严重狭窄。切除组织带后,猫的临床症状迅速好转。这一结果表明,在诊断猫侧腹卵巢切除术术后并发症时,应考虑组织带引起的结肠狭窄:结论:环形组织带限制导致的结肠狭窄应被视为猫侧腹卵巢切除术术后并发症的鉴别因素之一。
{"title":"An apparently healthy female British shorthair cat with a rare complication of colonic stenosis after flank approach ovariohysterectomy.","authors":"Yixing Xie, Yintong Deng, Jiaxun Mai, Heyu Li, Yizhou Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04328-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04328-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colonic stenosis is a rare postoperative complication of ovariohysterectomy in cats, leading to dyschezia and fecal diameter reduction. In cats, while there are reports of colonic stenosis after midline approach ovariohysterectomy, there are no specific reports of flank approach ovariohysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report describes a severe case of a one-year-old British shorthair female cat presenting with gastrointestinal signs, including dyschezia and reduced fecal diameter, three weeks after flank approach ovariohysterectomy. Despite abdominal radiography, proctography with barium sulfate, colonoscopy, CT, and hematological analysis, the cause of colonic stenosis remained unclear. During exploratory laparotomy, an annular tissue band was found encircling the descending colon, resulting in severe local stenosis. After excision of the tissue band, the presenting clinical signs of the cat were rapidly improved. This result suggests that colonic stenosis caused by tissue band should be considered when diagnosing postoperative complications in flank approach ovariohysterectomy in cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Colon stenosis due to annular tissue band restriction should be considered one of the differentials for postoperative complications in flank approach ovariohysterectomy in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune protective, stress indicators, antioxidant, histopathological status, and heat shock protein gene expression impacts of dietary Bacillus spp. against heat shock in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. 膳食芽孢杆菌对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)热休克的免疫保护、应激指标、抗氧化、组织病理学状态和热休克蛋白基因表达的影响。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04303-5
Samia Elbahnaswy, Gehad E Elshopakey, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Simon J Davies, Mai A M El-Son

This research evaluated the efficacy of mixed Bacillus strains probiotic supplements in mitigating acute thermal-induced stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three experimental fish groups involved 135 Nile tilapia (49 ± 2 g); one control (no added probiotics), 0.5, and 1% of selected Bacillus strains (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. pumilus) for 58 days. After the feeding period, growth parameters, immunological parameters, stress biochemical markers, and antioxidant parameters in addition to genes related to stress and histopathological changes in fish, were assessed; subsequently subjected to heat shock at 36 ± 0.5 ◦C for 2 h. Before the heat challenge, our results exhibited a marked increase in the growth efficacy (P < 0.05), lower marked serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity in fish-fed Bacillus probiotic at 0.5% concerning the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the serum levels of glucose, cortisol, lactate, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst (ROS), total immunoglobulin Ig, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, as well as HSP70, GST, and GPx mRNA expression in most of the probiotic groups compared to the control group (P > 0.05). When Nile tilapia was exposed to heat stress, supplementation with Bacillus probiotic in the diet significantly decreased most of the indices related to serum biochemical (ALT (P < 0.01; P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.01), LDH (P < 0.01), urea (P < 0.05), and creatinine (P < 0.01)), triglycerides (P < 0.001; (P < 0.01)), cholesterol (P < 0.01; (P < 0.05)), glucose (P < 0.001), and cortisol (P < 0.01; (P < 0.05)), with tissue oxidative stress MDA levels (P < 0.05), and HSP70 mRNA expression (P < 0.01; P < 0.001), aligned with the stressed control group. In addition, a notable upsurge in the total protein, albumin, globulin, phagocytic and ROS activities, and total Ig, as well as the enzymatic antioxidant ability (SOD, CAT) (P < 0.01), with GST and GPx mRNA expression (P < 0.05; P < 0.01), were shown in fish-fed Bacillus spp. post-exposure compared with the stressed control group. Besides, no histopathological alterations were revealed in the spleen and brain of fish pre- and post-heat exposure. According to our findings, diet supplementation of Bacillus species has the potential to combat the suppressive effects of heat shock in Nile tilapia.

本研究评估了混合芽孢杆菌益生菌补充剂在缓解尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)急性热诱导应激方面的功效。三个实验鱼组包括 135 尾尼罗罗非鱼(49 ± 2 克);一个对照组(不添加益生菌)、0.5% 和 1%的选定芽孢杆菌菌株(枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和普米氏芽孢杆菌),共喂养 58 天。喂养期结束后,对鱼类的生长参数、免疫参数、应激生化指标、抗氧化参数以及与应激和组织病理学变化相关的基因进行了评估;随后在 36 ± 0.5 ◦C 的温度下进行热冲击 2 小时。当尼罗罗非鱼受到热应激时,在日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌益生菌可显著降低与血清生化有关的大多数指数(ALT(P<0.05))。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand. 更正:泰国与犬认知功能障碍综合征 (CCDS) 相关的血浆蛋白质组变化。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04330-2
Sataporn Phochantachinda, Boonrat Chantong, Onrapak Reamtong, Duangthip Chatchaisak
{"title":"Correction: Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand.","authors":"Sataporn Phochantachinda, Boonrat Chantong, Onrapak Reamtong, Duangthip Chatchaisak","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04330-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04330-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae inducing mass mortalities in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with trials for disease control using zinc oxide nanoparticles and ethanolic leaf extracts of some medicinal plants. 诱导尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)大量死亡的无乳链球菌的分离和特征描述,以及使用纳米氧化锌颗粒和一些药用植物的乙醇叶提取物控制疾病的试验。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04298-z
Ebtsam Sayed Hassan Abdallah, Walaa Gomaa Mohamed Metwally, Soad Abdel Latief Hassan Bayoumi, Moataz Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Rahman, Mahmoud Mostafa Mahmoud

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) induces a serious infection that can harm not only aquatic life but also humans and other animals. In a fish farm in southern Egypt, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has developed an epidemic with clinical symptoms resembling piscine streptococcosis.

Results: Initial microscopic inspection of the affected fish brain and kidney indicated the presence of Gram-positive cocci. S. agalactiae was effectively isolated and identified using nucleotide homology of the 16S rRNA and species-specific PCR. The partial 16S rRNA sequence was deposited in the GenBank database at the NCBI and given the accession number MW599202. Genotyping using RAPD analysis indicated that the isolates in the present study belonged to the same genotypes and had the same origin. The challenge test, via immersion (9.2 × 107, 9.2 × 106, and 9.2 × 105 CFU/ml for 1 h) or intraperitoneal injection (4.6 × 107, 4.6 × 106, and 4.6 × 105 CFU/fish), elicited clinical symptoms resembling those of naturally infected fish with a mortality rate as high as 80%. The ability to create a biofilm as one of the pathogen virulence factors was verified. Zinc oxide nanoparticles and the ethanolic leaf extracts of nine medicinal plants demonstrated considerable antibacterial activities against the tested S. agalactiae strain with low minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The ethanolic leaf extracts from Lantana camara and Aberia caffra showed potent antibacterial activity with MBC values of 0.24 and 0.485 mg/ml, and MIC values of 0.12 & 0.24 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: This study isolated S. agalactiae from O. niloticus mortalities in a fish farm in Assiut, Egypt. The pathogen persists in fish environments and can escape through biofilm formation, suggesting it cannot be easily eliminated. However, promising findings were obtained with in vitro control employing zinc oxide nanoparticles and medicinal plant extracts. Nevertheless further in vivo research is needed.

背景:无乳链球菌(B 组链球菌,GBS)会引发严重感染,不仅会危害水生生物,还会危害人类和其他动物。在埃及南部的一个养鱼场,尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)出现了一种流行病,临床症状类似于鱼类链球菌病:结果:对患病鱼的大脑和肾脏进行初步显微镜检查后发现存在革兰氏阳性球菌。利用 16S rRNA 的核苷酸同源性和物种特异性 PCR 技术,有效分离并鉴定了 S. agalactiae。部分 16S rRNA 序列已存入美国国家生物技术研究所(NCBI)的 GenBank 数据库,登录号为 MW599202。利用 RAPD 分析进行的基因分型表明,本研究中的分离物属于相同的基因型,具有相同的来源。通过浸泡(9.2×107、9.2×106 和 9.2×105 CFU/ml,浸泡 1 小时)或腹腔注射(4.6×107、4.6×106 和 4.6×105 CFU/条鱼)进行的挑战试验引起了与自然感染鱼相似的临床症状,死亡率高达 80%。病原体的毒力因素之一是形成生物膜的能力得到了验证。氧化锌纳米粒子和九种药用植物的乙醇叶提取物对测试的 S. agalactiae 菌株具有相当高的抗菌活性,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均较低。Lantana camara 和 Aberia caffra 的乙醇叶提取物显示出强大的抗菌活性,MBC 值分别为 0.24 和 0.485 毫克/毫升,MIC 值分别为 0.12 和 0.24 毫克/毫升:本研究从埃及阿苏特一家鱼类养殖场的黑线鳕死亡病例中分离出了 S. agalactiae。该病原体可在鱼类环境中存活,并可通过形成生物膜逃逸,这表明它不容易被消灭。不过,利用纳米氧化锌颗粒和药用植物提取物进行体外控制取得了令人鼓舞的结果。不过,还需要进一步的体内研究。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and genetic characterization of five novel bat coronaviruses from Yunnan, China. 中国云南五种新型蝙蝠冠状病毒的鉴定和遗传特征。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04310-6
Qian Li, Yutong Hou, Baoyang Huang, Xiang Le, Binghui Wang, Xueshan Xia

Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a serious threat to human health and have become a major transmissible, endemic, and causative pathogen in humans; they represent a major health concern, given their ability to cause infectious diseases. Bats are natural hosts for diverse viruses. Many transmission events of CoVs and identification of multiple novel CoVs in bats has increased attention towards their capacity to serve as hosts for zoonotic viruses.

Results: In this study, 61 bats from Yunnan Province were analyzed, identifying seven CoVs, including three α- and two β-CoVs with full-genome sequences. Among the five identified alpha-CoVs, four belong to the Decacovirus subgenus and one to the Minunacovirus subgenus. Two beta-CoVs were also identified, both belonging to the Sarbecovirus subgenus.The genetic structures revealed similarities to known strains such as HKU10 and SARS-CoV-2, along with novel findings such as the Minunacovirus subgenus CoV YJ3c/f and unique ORF patterns. Our results demonstrated that strain JCC9 has a unique recombination pattern and shows a higher binding affinity to civet and pangolin ACE2 receptors, then the HpJC8xc strain transmits and recombines between hosts (bats), indicating a potential risk of crossing the interspecies barrier and infecting other animals.

Conclusions: The CoVs detected in the bats studied in this research exhibit high diversity. Genomic analysis revealed that CoVs in bats undergo frequent recombination events. Furthermore, recombination patterns and evolutionary analyses suggest that alpha-CoVs are more prone to cross-species transmission across different bat families/genera, whereas beta-CoVs demonstrate host specificity and tend to co-evolve with their bat hosts.Our finding suggest that bats, as hosts of CoVs, be constantly monitored to prevent outbreaks of new infections caused by viruses passing across interspecies barriers, and consequently, viral diseases in humans or livestock.

背景:冠状病毒(CoVs)对人类健康构成严重威胁,已成为人类主要的传播性、地方性和致病性病原体;由于它们能够引起传染性疾病,因此是一个重大的健康问题。蝙蝠是多种病毒的天然宿主。CoVs的多次传播和多种新型CoVs在蝙蝠中的发现使人们更加关注蝙蝠作为人畜共患病病毒宿主的能力:本研究对云南省的 61 只蝙蝠进行了分析,共鉴定出 7 种 CoV,包括 3 种具有全基因组序列的 α-CoV 和 2 种 β-CoV。在已鉴定的五种α-CoVs中,四种属于十日咳病毒亚属,一种属于米纳科病毒亚属。基因结构显示,JCC9与HKU10和SARS-CoV-2等已知毒株相似,但也有新发现,如Minunacovirus亚属CoV YJ3c/f和独特的ORF模式。我们的研究结果表明,JCC9株具有独特的重组模式,与果子狸和穿山甲ACE2受体的结合亲和力较高,而HpJC8xc株会在宿主(蝙蝠)之间传播和重组,这表明它有跨越种间屏障感染其他动物的潜在风险:本研究在蝙蝠体内检测到的 CoVs 表现出高度的多样性。基因组分析表明,蝙蝠体内的 CoV 频繁发生重组事件。此外,重组模式和进化分析表明,α-CoVs 更容易在不同蝙蝠科/属之间进行跨物种传播,而 beta-CoVs 则表现出宿主特异性,并倾向于与蝙蝠宿主共同进化。我们的研究结果表明,蝙蝠作为 CoVs 的宿主,应受到持续监控,以防止病毒跨越物种间屏障引起新的感染爆发,进而导致人类或家畜感染病毒性疾病。
{"title":"Identification and genetic characterization of five novel bat coronaviruses from Yunnan, China.","authors":"Qian Li, Yutong Hou, Baoyang Huang, Xiang Le, Binghui Wang, Xueshan Xia","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04310-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04310-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a serious threat to human health and have become a major transmissible, endemic, and causative pathogen in humans; they represent a major health concern, given their ability to cause infectious diseases. Bats are natural hosts for diverse viruses. Many transmission events of CoVs and identification of multiple novel CoVs in bats has increased attention towards their capacity to serve as hosts for zoonotic viruses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 61 bats from Yunnan Province were analyzed, identifying seven CoVs, including three α- and two β-CoVs with full-genome sequences. Among the five identified alpha-CoVs, four belong to the Decacovirus subgenus and one to the Minunacovirus subgenus. Two beta-CoVs were also identified, both belonging to the Sarbecovirus subgenus.The genetic structures revealed similarities to known strains such as HKU10 and SARS-CoV-2, along with novel findings such as the Minunacovirus subgenus CoV YJ3c/f and unique ORF patterns. Our results demonstrated that strain JCC9 has a unique recombination pattern and shows a higher binding affinity to civet and pangolin ACE2 receptors, then the HpJC8xc strain transmits and recombines between hosts (bats), indicating a potential risk of crossing the interspecies barrier and infecting other animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CoVs detected in the bats studied in this research exhibit high diversity. Genomic analysis revealed that CoVs in bats undergo frequent recombination events. Furthermore, recombination patterns and evolutionary analyses suggest that alpha-CoVs are more prone to cross-species transmission across different bat families/genera, whereas beta-CoVs demonstrate host specificity and tend to co-evolve with their bat hosts.Our finding suggest that bats, as hosts of CoVs, be constantly monitored to prevent outbreaks of new infections caused by viruses passing across interspecies barriers, and consequently, viral diseases in humans or livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A field comparison study of two vaccine protocols against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in two types of swine breeds in Spain. 在西班牙两种猪种中对两种预防红腹泻温热病疫苗方案进行实地比较研究。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04065-0
E Sanchez-Tarifa, C Alonso, I Perez, L A García, A Fernández-Fontelo, O Gómez-Duran, B García-Morante, Francisco A García-Vázquez, I Hernández-Caravaca

Erysipelas still causes large economic losses to pig industry. Maternal immunity is critical to prevent erysipelas in young animals, thus, intensive vaccination protocols or practices focused on the improvement of the maternally derived immunity could provide substantial benefits. The present study evaluates potential changes in antibodies levels in sows and their offspring using two types of tests (commercial ELISA, Ingenasa or rSpaA415 ELISA) when two different vaccination programs (before farrowing or after farrowing) against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were applied to sows from Iberian (A) or conventional Large White-Landrace (B) pig farms. The results showed a statistical correlation between titers found in sows and their one-week old piglets in both tests. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in farm B measured by the commercial ELISA test was significantly higher in pre-farrowing vaccinated sows compared to the post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0278). Additionally, using the rSpaA415 ELISA test, the overall mean of (log) antibody titers was significantly higher in pre-farrowing sows (p = 0.0056) compared to sows following post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0003) or non- vaccinated sows. None of the above-mentioned differences were found in farm A. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in piglets from the pre-farrowing vaccination protocol was significantly higher than piglets from the post-farrowing vaccination protocol in farm A (p = 0.0059; rSpaA415 ELISA) and farm B (p = 0.0168 and p = 0.0098 for the commercial and rSpaA415 ELISA data, respectively). Additionally, higher proportion of piglets from pre-farrowing vaccinated sows remained seropositive during the post-weaning period (days 42 to 84) compared to piglets from non-vaccinated or post-farrowing vaccinated groups in both farms A and B.

红臀疽仍然给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。母源免疫对预防幼畜红痢至关重要,因此,强化疫苗接种方案或以提高母源免疫力为重点的做法可带来巨大收益。本研究使用两种检测方法(商业 ELISA、Ingenasa 或 rSpaA415 ELISA)评估了伊比利亚猪场(A)或传统大白兰氏猪场(B)的母猪在接种两种不同的红细胞体病疫苗方案(产仔前或产仔后)时,母猪及其后代体内抗体水平的潜在变化。结果显示,在这两项试验中,母猪及其一周龄仔猪的抗体滴度之间存在统计学相关性。在 B 猪场,通过商业 ELISA 试验测定的抗体滴度(对数)的总体平均值在排卵前接种疫苗的母猪中明显高于排卵后接种疫苗的母猪(p = 0.0278)。此外,使用 rSpaA415 酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),与接种后疫苗的母猪(p = 0.0003)或未接种疫苗的母猪相比,配种前母猪的抗体滴度(对数)总平均值明显更高(p = 0.0056)。在 A 猪场(p = 0.0059;rSpaA415 ELISA)和 B 猪场(商业数据和 rSpaA415 ELISA 数据分别为 p = 0.0168 和 p = 0.0098),排卵前接种方案的仔猪抗体滴度(对数)总平均值显著高于排卵后接种方案的仔猪。此外,在 A 猪场和 B 猪场,与未接种疫苗或接种疫苗后的仔猪相比,断奶前接种疫苗的母猪所产仔猪在断奶后(第 42 天至第 84 天)血清仍呈阳性的比例更高。
{"title":"A field comparison study of two vaccine protocols against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in two types of swine breeds in Spain.","authors":"E Sanchez-Tarifa, C Alonso, I Perez, L A García, A Fernández-Fontelo, O Gómez-Duran, B García-Morante, Francisco A García-Vázquez, I Hernández-Caravaca","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04065-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04065-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erysipelas still causes large economic losses to pig industry. Maternal immunity is critical to prevent erysipelas in young animals, thus, intensive vaccination protocols or practices focused on the improvement of the maternally derived immunity could provide substantial benefits. The present study evaluates potential changes in antibodies levels in sows and their offspring using two types of tests (commercial ELISA, Ingenasa or rSpaA415 ELISA) when two different vaccination programs (before farrowing or after farrowing) against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were applied to sows from Iberian (A) or conventional Large White-Landrace (B) pig farms. The results showed a statistical correlation between titers found in sows and their one-week old piglets in both tests. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in farm B measured by the commercial ELISA test was significantly higher in pre-farrowing vaccinated sows compared to the post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0278). Additionally, using the rSpaA415 ELISA test, the overall mean of (log) antibody titers was significantly higher in pre-farrowing sows (p = 0.0056) compared to sows following post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0003) or non- vaccinated sows. None of the above-mentioned differences were found in farm A. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in piglets from the pre-farrowing vaccination protocol was significantly higher than piglets from the post-farrowing vaccination protocol in farm A (p = 0.0059; rSpaA415 ELISA) and farm B (p = 0.0168 and p = 0.0098 for the commercial and rSpaA415 ELISA data, respectively). Additionally, higher proportion of piglets from pre-farrowing vaccinated sows remained seropositive during the post-weaning period (days 42 to 84) compared to piglets from non-vaccinated or post-farrowing vaccinated groups in both farms A and B.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Nano-selenium supplementation: improving growth, digestibility and mineral absorption in freshwater fish, Catla catla. 更正:纳米硒补充剂:改善淡水鱼 Catla catla 的生长、消化和矿物质吸收。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04318-y
Nisar Ahmad, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Farrukh Tahir, Pallab K Sarker, Mudassar Shahid
{"title":"Correction: Nano-selenium supplementation: improving growth, digestibility and mineral absorption in freshwater fish, Catla catla.","authors":"Nisar Ahmad, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Farrukh Tahir, Pallab K Sarker, Mudassar Shahid","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04318-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04318-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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