Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04323-1
Esraa Y Abd-Elhamed, Tawfik Abd El-Rahman El-Bassiony, Wallaa M Elsherif, Eman M Shaker
Background: Due to the adverse effects of industrial chemicals and their carcinogenicity and toxicity for humans, the debates have increased on using natural preservatives. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pure nisin and nisin nanoparticles (nisin NPs) against Aspergillus flavus in vivo by inoculation in laboratory-manufactured Ras cheese. A novel, safe, and natural approach of nanoprecipitation using acetic acid was employed to prepare nisin nanoparticles. The prepared NPs were characterized using zeta-sizer, FTIR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of nisin NPs on Vero cells was assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nisin and its nanoparticles were determined in vitro against A. flavus isolates using the agar well-diffusion method. The sensory evaluation of manufactured Ras cheese was conducted over a 60-day storage period.
Results: The obtained results showed a strong antifungal activity of nisin NPs (0.0625 mg/mL) against A. flavus strain in comparison with pure nisin (0.5 mg/mL). Notably, the count decreased gradually by time from 2 × 108 at zero time and could not be detected at the 7th week. The count with pure nisin decreased from 2 × 108 at zero time and could not be detected at the 10th week where it's enough time to produce aflatoxins in cheese. The MICs of nisin and nisin NPs were 0.25 and 0.0313 mg/mL, respectively. Nisin NPs used in our experiment had good biocompatibility and safety for food preservation. Additionally, the sensory parameters of the manufactured Ras cheese inoculated with nisin and nisin NPs were of high overall acceptability (OAA).
Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study suggested that adding more concentration (˃0.0625 mg/mL) from nisin nanoparticles during the production of Ras cheese may be a helpful strategy for food preservation against A. flavus in the dairy industry.
{"title":"Enhancing Ras cheese safety: antifungal effects of nisin and its nanoparticles against Aspergillus flavus.","authors":"Esraa Y Abd-Elhamed, Tawfik Abd El-Rahman El-Bassiony, Wallaa M Elsherif, Eman M Shaker","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04323-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04323-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the adverse effects of industrial chemicals and their carcinogenicity and toxicity for humans, the debates have increased on using natural preservatives. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pure nisin and nisin nanoparticles (nisin NPs) against Aspergillus flavus in vivo by inoculation in laboratory-manufactured Ras cheese. A novel, safe, and natural approach of nanoprecipitation using acetic acid was employed to prepare nisin nanoparticles. The prepared NPs were characterized using zeta-sizer, FTIR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of nisin NPs on Vero cells was assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nisin and its nanoparticles were determined in vitro against A. flavus isolates using the agar well-diffusion method. The sensory evaluation of manufactured Ras cheese was conducted over a 60-day storage period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results showed a strong antifungal activity of nisin NPs (0.0625 mg/mL) against A. flavus strain in comparison with pure nisin (0.5 mg/mL). Notably, the count decreased gradually by time from 2 × 10<sup>8</sup> at zero time and could not be detected at the 7th week. The count with pure nisin decreased from 2 × 10<sup>8</sup> at zero time and could not be detected at the 10th week where it's enough time to produce aflatoxins in cheese. The MICs of nisin and nisin NPs were 0.25 and 0.0313 mg/mL, respectively. Nisin NPs used in our experiment had good biocompatibility and safety for food preservation. Additionally, the sensory parameters of the manufactured Ras cheese inoculated with nisin and nisin NPs were of high overall acceptability (OAA).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the results of this study suggested that adding more concentration (˃0.0625 mg/mL) from nisin nanoparticles during the production of Ras cheese may be a helpful strategy for food preservation against A. flavus in the dairy industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04325-z
Azza A El-Sawah, Shawky M Aboelhadid, El-Shymaa N El-Nahass, Hassan E Helal
Background: Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce drug dosage while increasing efficacy; thus, the current work intends to synthesize diclazuril nanoemulsion and assess its performance against experimental coccidiosis in broilers.
Methods: Diclazuril nanoemulsion (DZN) was formulated and characterized by zeta seizer and zeta potential. The formulated DZN was evaluated in vivo against Eimeria tenella infected chicks. DZN and DZ were used in 2 programs; therapeutic and prophylactic. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chicks were distributed equally into six groups. The controls were negative uninfected untreated and positive infected untreated (G1 & G2). Therapeutic groups (G3 & G4) treated by DZ and DZN after appearance of the clinical signs of coccidiosis and continued for 5 days. Prophylaxis groups (G5 & G6) received DZ and DZN at 3 days before challenge and continued for 5 days after infection. The treatments dosages were 10 mg/mL for DZ of commercial origin and 2.5 mg/mL for the prepared DZN. All groups (except negative control) orally infected then followed up for clinical signs of coccidiosis, mortality rate, oocysts count, performance, hematological and biochemical parameters in addition to histopathological lesions.
Results: The therapeutic groups showed that both treated groups (DZ and DZN) revealed similar results including good body weight gain, a low lesion caecal score, a low daily and total oocyst shedding count, and a low mortality rate. Regarding the biochemical parameters, all parameters were affected during infection then restored after the 12th day post infection. However, in the prophylactic groups, showed mild clinical signs and the blood pictures and biochemical parameters were nearly like the control negative without infection.
Conclusion: DZN at a quarter dose of standard DZ produced the same outcomes as DZ at 10 mg/mL. Furthermore, DZN does not impair the typical safety of diclazuril in treated chicks.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of diclazuril nanoemulsion in control of Eimeria tenella in broilers.","authors":"Azza A El-Sawah, Shawky M Aboelhadid, El-Shymaa N El-Nahass, Hassan E Helal","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04325-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04325-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce drug dosage while increasing efficacy; thus, the current work intends to synthesize diclazuril nanoemulsion and assess its performance against experimental coccidiosis in broilers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diclazuril nanoemulsion (DZN) was formulated and characterized by zeta seizer and zeta potential. The formulated DZN was evaluated in vivo against Eimeria tenella infected chicks. DZN and DZ were used in 2 programs; therapeutic and prophylactic. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chicks were distributed equally into six groups. The controls were negative uninfected untreated and positive infected untreated (G1 & G2). Therapeutic groups (G3 & G4) treated by DZ and DZN after appearance of the clinical signs of coccidiosis and continued for 5 days. Prophylaxis groups (G5 & G6) received DZ and DZN at 3 days before challenge and continued for 5 days after infection. The treatments dosages were 10 mg/mL for DZ of commercial origin and 2.5 mg/mL for the prepared DZN. All groups (except negative control) orally infected then followed up for clinical signs of coccidiosis, mortality rate, oocysts count, performance, hematological and biochemical parameters in addition to histopathological lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The therapeutic groups showed that both treated groups (DZ and DZN) revealed similar results including good body weight gain, a low lesion caecal score, a low daily and total oocyst shedding count, and a low mortality rate. Regarding the biochemical parameters, all parameters were affected during infection then restored after the 12th day post infection. However, in the prophylactic groups, showed mild clinical signs and the blood pictures and biochemical parameters were nearly like the control negative without infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DZN at a quarter dose of standard DZ produced the same outcomes as DZ at 10 mg/mL. Furthermore, DZN does not impair the typical safety of diclazuril in treated chicks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04333-z
Emma Taylor, Alannah Deeney, Colin Birch, Georgia Mayne, Anne Ridley
Background: Mycoplasma bovis is a global pathogen of cattle but was detected for the first time in New Zealand in 2017, triggering a response under their Biosecurity Act as an "unwanted organism". Following a lengthy eradication campaign, the Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) now requires all bovine semen destined for export to New Zealand to be screened with an M. bovis-specific real-time PCR (rtPCR) compliant with amended import health standard (IHS) test requirements aimed at preventing the accidental importation of M. bovis. The standard stipulates that semen samples cannot be centrifuged prior to DNA extraction. To comply with these strict requirements, one of the listed tests was validated together with different DNA preparation steps and compared with existing in-house procedures. DNA was extracted from semen straws using the current in-house semi-automated platform procedures for processing culture, tissue and body fluid sample submissions and was compared with the stipulated test requirements. DNA from centrifuged and unspun semen samples spiked with M. bovis was also compared.
Results: The rtPCR had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 79-100% and 74-100%, respectively) when testing DNA from other Mycoplasma species or bovine semen spiked with the latter, with a high level of repeatability for within- and between- run replicates. The consistent limit of detection was 0.001 pg/µl M. bovis DNA and between 5.3 × 102 and 7.5 × 102 CFU/ml M. bovis when artificially spiked in semen. DNA extracted using the KingFisher Flex was detected with lower Cq values than the Maxwell 16, but the comparable improvements in sensitivity were mainly associated with non-centrifuged samples (p < 0.001). None of the procedures tested impeded the detection sensitivity of M. bovis in the presence of competitor organisms Acholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum, confirming M. bovis specificity of the polC target.
Conclusions: Under the experimental conditions applied, this rtPCR test efficiently detected M. bovis in extended bovine semen straw samples from DNA extracted using both semi-automated extraction platforms, irrespective of prior centrifugation of extended semen.
背景:牛支原体是一种全球性的牛病原体,但 2017 年首次在新西兰被检测到,引发了新西兰《生物安全法》将其作为 "不受欢迎的生物体 "的应对措施。经过漫长的根除运动后,新西兰初级产业部(MPI)现在要求所有出口到新西兰的牛精液都必须使用牛海绵状芽孢杆菌特异性实时 PCR(rtPCR)进行筛查,以符合修订后的进口卫生标准(IHS)检测要求,从而防止牛海绵状芽孢杆菌的意外进口。该标准规定,精液样本在提取 DNA 之前不能离心。为了符合这些严格的要求,我们对所列检测中的一项进行了验证,同时采用了不同的 DNA 制备步骤,并与现有的内部程序进行了比较。我们使用现有的内部半自动化平台程序从精液吸管中提取 DNA,用于处理培养基、组织和体液样本,并与规定的检测要求进行比较。此外,还比较了离心精液样本和未离心精液样本中牛海绵状芽孢杆菌的 DNA:在检测其他支原体或添加了牛支原体的牛精液中的 DNA 时,rtPCR 的灵敏度和特异性均为 100%(95% 置信区间分别为 79-100% 和 74-100%),且在运行内和运行间重复的重复性很高。检测限一致为 0.001 pg/µl 牛支原体 DNA,在精液中人工添加牛支原体时,检测限为 5.3 × 102 至 7.5 × 102 CFU/ml。使用 KingFisher Flex 提取的 DNA 的 Cq 值比 Maxwell 16 低,但灵敏度的提高主要与非离心样本有关(p 结论):在所应用的实验条件下,该 rtPCR 检测法可从使用两种半自动提取平台提取的 DNA 中有效检测出扩展牛精液秸秆样本中的牛海绵状芽孢杆菌,而与扩展精液是否事先离心无关。
{"title":"Comparison of DNA extraction procedures for detection of Mycoplasma bovis directly from extended bovine semen straw samples using a commercial M. bovis PCR.","authors":"Emma Taylor, Alannah Deeney, Colin Birch, Georgia Mayne, Anne Ridley","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04333-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04333-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasma bovis is a global pathogen of cattle but was detected for the first time in New Zealand in 2017, triggering a response under their Biosecurity Act as an \"unwanted organism\". Following a lengthy eradication campaign, the Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) now requires all bovine semen destined for export to New Zealand to be screened with an M. bovis-specific real-time PCR (rtPCR) compliant with amended import health standard (IHS) test requirements aimed at preventing the accidental importation of M. bovis. The standard stipulates that semen samples cannot be centrifuged prior to DNA extraction. To comply with these strict requirements, one of the listed tests was validated together with different DNA preparation steps and compared with existing in-house procedures. DNA was extracted from semen straws using the current in-house semi-automated platform procedures for processing culture, tissue and body fluid sample submissions and was compared with the stipulated test requirements. DNA from centrifuged and unspun semen samples spiked with M. bovis was also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rtPCR had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 79-100% and 74-100%, respectively) when testing DNA from other Mycoplasma species or bovine semen spiked with the latter, with a high level of repeatability for within- and between- run replicates. The consistent limit of detection was 0.001 pg/µl M. bovis DNA and between 5.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> and 7.5 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/ml M. bovis when artificially spiked in semen. DNA extracted using the KingFisher Flex was detected with lower Cq values than the Maxwell 16, but the comparable improvements in sensitivity were mainly associated with non-centrifuged samples (p < 0.001). None of the procedures tested impeded the detection sensitivity of M. bovis in the presence of competitor organisms Acholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum, confirming M. bovis specificity of the polC target.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the experimental conditions applied, this rtPCR test efficiently detected M. bovis in extended bovine semen straw samples from DNA extracted using both semi-automated extraction platforms, irrespective of prior centrifugation of extended semen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04331-1
Tania Gutierrez-Riquelme, Isabel Karkossa, Kristin Schubert, Gudrun Liebscher, Eva-Maria Packeiser, Ingo Nolte, Martin von Bergen, Hugo Murua Escobar, Matias Aguilera-Rojas, Ralf Einspanier, Torsten Stein
Background: Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are among the most common types of tumours in female dogs. Diagnosis currently requires invasive tissue biopsies and histological analysis. Tumour cells shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing RNAs and proteins with potential for liquid biopsy diagnostics. We aimed to identify CMT subtype-specific proteome profiles by comparing the proteomes of EVs isolated from epithelial cell lines derived from morphologically normal canine mammary tissue, adenomas, and carcinomas.
Methods: Whole-cell protein lysates (WCLs) and EV-lysates were obtained from five canine mammary cell lines: MTH53A (non-neoplastic); ZMTH3 (adenoma); MTH52C (simple carcinoma); 1305, DT1406TB (complex carcinoma); and their proteins identified by LC-MS/MS analyses. Gene Ontology analysis was performed on differentially abundant proteins from each group to identify up- and down-regulated biological processes. To establish CMT subtype-specific proteomic profiles, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out.
Results: WCL and EVs displayed distinct protein abundance signatures while still showing the same increase in adhesion, migration, and motility-related proteins in carcinoma-derived cell lines, and of RNA processing and RNA splicing factors in the adenoma cell line. WGCNA identified CMT stage-specific co-abundant EV proteins, allowing the identification of adenoma and carcinoma EV signatures not seen in WCLs.
Conclusions: EVs from CMT cell lines exhibit distinct protein profiles reflecting malignancy state, allowing us to identify potential biomarkers for canine mammary carcinomas, such as biglycan. Our dataset could therefore potentially serve as a basis for the development of a less invasive clinical diagnostic tool for the characterisation of CMT.
背景:犬乳腺肿瘤 (CMT) 是母犬最常见的肿瘤类型之一。目前,诊断需要进行侵入性组织活检和组织学分析。肿瘤细胞脱落的胞外囊泡 (EV) 含有 RNA 和蛋白质,具有液体活检诊断的潜力。我们的目的是通过比较从形态正常的犬乳腺组织、腺瘤和癌的上皮细胞系中分离出的EV的蛋白质组,确定CMT亚型特异性蛋白质组图谱:方法:从五种犬乳腺细胞系中获得全细胞蛋白裂解液(WCL)和EV-裂解液:MTH53A(非肿瘤性);ZMTH3(腺瘤);MTH52C(单纯癌);1305、DT1406TB(复杂癌);并通过 LC-MS/MS 分析鉴定了它们的蛋白质。对各组中含量不同的蛋白质进行了基因本体分析,以确定上调和下调的生物过程。为了建立CMT亚型特异性蛋白质组图谱,进行了加权基因相关网络分析(WGCNA):结果:WCL和EVs显示了不同的蛋白质丰度特征,但在癌源细胞系中,粘附、迁移和运动相关蛋白质以及腺瘤细胞系中的RNA加工和RNA剪接因子仍有相同的增加。WGCNA 鉴定出了 CMT 阶段特异性共富集 EV 蛋白,从而鉴定出了 WCLs 中未见的腺瘤和癌 EV 特征:结论:CMT细胞系的EV表现出不同的蛋白质特征,反映了恶性肿瘤的状态,使我们能够识别犬乳腺癌的潜在生物标记物,如biglycan。因此,我们的数据集有可能成为开发侵袭性较小的临床诊断工具的基础,以确定 CMT 的特征。
{"title":"Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles derived from canine mammary tumour cell lines identifies protein signatures specific for disease state.","authors":"Tania Gutierrez-Riquelme, Isabel Karkossa, Kristin Schubert, Gudrun Liebscher, Eva-Maria Packeiser, Ingo Nolte, Martin von Bergen, Hugo Murua Escobar, Matias Aguilera-Rojas, Ralf Einspanier, Torsten Stein","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04331-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04331-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are among the most common types of tumours in female dogs. Diagnosis currently requires invasive tissue biopsies and histological analysis. Tumour cells shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing RNAs and proteins with potential for liquid biopsy diagnostics. We aimed to identify CMT subtype-specific proteome profiles by comparing the proteomes of EVs isolated from epithelial cell lines derived from morphologically normal canine mammary tissue, adenomas, and carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-cell protein lysates (WCLs) and EV-lysates were obtained from five canine mammary cell lines: MTH53A (non-neoplastic); ZMTH3 (adenoma); MTH52C (simple carcinoma); 1305, DT1406TB (complex carcinoma); and their proteins identified by LC-MS/MS analyses. Gene Ontology analysis was performed on differentially abundant proteins from each group to identify up- and down-regulated biological processes. To establish CMT subtype-specific proteomic profiles, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WCL and EVs displayed distinct protein abundance signatures while still showing the same increase in adhesion, migration, and motility-related proteins in carcinoma-derived cell lines, and of RNA processing and RNA splicing factors in the adenoma cell line. WGCNA identified CMT stage-specific co-abundant EV proteins, allowing the identification of adenoma and carcinoma EV signatures not seen in WCLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EVs from CMT cell lines exhibit distinct protein profiles reflecting malignancy state, allowing us to identify potential biomarkers for canine mammary carcinomas, such as biglycan. Our dataset could therefore potentially serve as a basis for the development of a less invasive clinical diagnostic tool for the characterisation of CMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04335-x
Eun Wha Choi, Yunho Jeong, Jin-Ok Ahn
Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a hematological disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of small mature lymphocytes that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. CLL can arise from B-, T-, or natural killer cell clones. The cytological evaluation of blood smears is often the simplest and least invasive method for diagnosing lymphoid leukemia. Immunophenotyping is used to further subclassify the type of lymphoid leukemia.
Case presentation: A 15-year-old, 4.4-kg spayed female Shih Tzu was presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of Kangwon National University. Despite having a normal appetite and activity level, cervical and inguinal lymph node enlargement was noted on physical examination. Complete blood count revealed severe leukocytosis, severe lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymph node enlargement were detected on radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Immunophenotyping was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The majority of lymphocytes exhibited the following profiles: CD3-CD79a- (97.5%), CD4-CD8- (98.6%), CD21-CD79a- (98.4%), CD34- (0.1%), CD45+ (99.6%), major histocompatibility complex class II+ (99.5%), and CD14- (0.5%). Based on the immunophenotyping results, possible differentials considered included the following: the majority of lymphocytes may be natural killer (NK) cell clones, plasma cell clones, or show aberrant expression or loss of CD21 marker due to the neoplastic nature of the cells. Further flow cytometry was performed using antibodies against CD3, CD5, CD94, and granzyme B. The combined results indicated that the predominant lymphocyte subset in the PBMCs was CD3-CD5-CD21-CD94-granzyme B-. To confirm monoclonality and exclude the aberrant loss of CD markers, a polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) assay was conducted. The PARR assay, using DNA from blood and lymph node samples, showed B-cell monoclonality. Immunocytochemistry using PBMCs showed that the plasma cell marker Multiple Myeloma Oncogene 1 (MUM1) was not expressed. Therefore, the diagnosis was confirmed to be B-cell CLL.
Conclusion: Immunophenotyping can help subclassify the type of lymphoid leukemia; however, as tumor cells can show aberrant expression or loss of the CD21 marker, combining immunophenotyping with the PARR assay could yield a more accurate diagnosis.
背景:慢性淋巴性白血病(CLL)是一种血液病,其特征是积聚在血液和骨髓中的成熟小淋巴细胞克隆性扩增。CLL 可由 B、T 或自然杀伤细胞克隆产生。对血液涂片进行细胞学评估通常是诊断淋巴性白血病最简单、侵入性最小的方法。免疫分型可用于进一步细分淋巴白血病的类型:江原国立大学兽医教学医院接诊了一只 15 岁、体重 4.4 千克的绝育雌性西施犬。尽管食欲和活动量正常,但体格检查时发现颈部和腹股沟淋巴结肿大。全血细胞计数显示白细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞严重增多。影像学和超声波检查发现脾肿大、肝肿大和淋巴结肿大。使用外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)进行了免疫分型。大多数淋巴细胞表现出以下特征:CD3-CD79a-(97.5%)、CD4-CD8-(98.6%)、CD21-CD79a-(98.4%)、CD34-(0.1%)、CD45+(99.6%)、主要组织相容性复合体 II 类+(99.5%)和 CD14-(0.5%)。根据免疫分型结果,可能的鉴别包括:大多数淋巴细胞可能是自然杀伤(NK)细胞克隆、浆细胞克隆,或由于细胞的肿瘤性质而出现 CD21 标记异常表达或丢失。使用 CD3、CD5、CD94 和颗粒酶 B 抗体进一步进行了流式细胞术检测。综合结果显示,PBMCs 中的主要淋巴细胞亚群为 CD3-CD5-CD21-CD94-颗粒酶 B-。为确认单克隆性并排除 CD 标记的异常丢失,进行了抗原受体重排聚合酶链反应(PARR)检测。使用血液和淋巴结样本的 DNA 进行的 PARR 检测显示 B 细胞为单克隆。使用 PBMCs 进行的免疫细胞化学分析显示,浆细胞标志物多发性骨髓瘤癌基因 1(MUM1)没有表达。因此,确诊为 B 细胞 CLL:结论:免疫分型有助于对淋巴性白血病的类型进行亚分类;但是,由于肿瘤细胞可能会出现 CD21 标记异常表达或缺失,因此将免疫分型与 PARR 检测相结合可得出更准确的诊断结果。
{"title":"Diagnosis of canine B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia with a CD21 negative phenotype using the LT21 clone CD21 antibody in flow cytometry: a case report.","authors":"Eun Wha Choi, Yunho Jeong, Jin-Ok Ahn","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04335-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04335-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a hematological disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of small mature lymphocytes that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. CLL can arise from B-, T-, or natural killer cell clones. The cytological evaluation of blood smears is often the simplest and least invasive method for diagnosing lymphoid leukemia. Immunophenotyping is used to further subclassify the type of lymphoid leukemia.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 15-year-old, 4.4-kg spayed female Shih Tzu was presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of Kangwon National University. Despite having a normal appetite and activity level, cervical and inguinal lymph node enlargement was noted on physical examination. Complete blood count revealed severe leukocytosis, severe lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymph node enlargement were detected on radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Immunophenotyping was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The majority of lymphocytes exhibited the following profiles: CD3<sup>-</sup>CD79a<sup>-</sup> (97.5%), CD4<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>-</sup> (98.6%), CD21<sup>-</sup>CD79a<sup>-</sup> (98.4%), CD34<sup>-</sup> (0.1%), CD45<sup>+</sup> (99.6%), major histocompatibility complex class II<sup>+</sup> (99.5%), and CD14<sup>-</sup> (0.5%). Based on the immunophenotyping results, possible differentials considered included the following: the majority of lymphocytes may be natural killer (NK) cell clones, plasma cell clones, or show aberrant expression or loss of CD21 marker due to the neoplastic nature of the cells. Further flow cytometry was performed using antibodies against CD3, CD5, CD94, and granzyme B. The combined results indicated that the predominant lymphocyte subset in the PBMCs was CD3<sup>-</sup>CD5<sup>-</sup>CD21<sup>-</sup>CD94<sup>-</sup>granzyme B<sup>-</sup>. To confirm monoclonality and exclude the aberrant loss of CD markers, a polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) assay was conducted. The PARR assay, using DNA from blood and lymph node samples, showed B-cell monoclonality. Immunocytochemistry using PBMCs showed that the plasma cell marker Multiple Myeloma Oncogene 1 (MUM1) was not expressed. Therefore, the diagnosis was confirmed to be B-cell CLL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immunophenotyping can help subclassify the type of lymphoid leukemia; however, as tumor cells can show aberrant expression or loss of the CD21 marker, combining immunophenotyping with the PARR assay could yield a more accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04340-0
Agnieszka Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk, Piotr Socha
Background: Oclacitinib (OCL), a Janus kinase inhibitor, is a novel immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive agent which is an approved as the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of OCL on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their selected subsets under clinical conditions, i.e. in dogs suffering from AD, in terms of both safety and immune mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions. Eight dogs were treated for 28 days with OCL at the recommended dose. Blood samples were taken at day 0, 7, 14 and 28.
Results: The study showed that the mean percentage and absolute count of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on the 14th and 28th day of the treatment with OCL did not differ from the corresponding baseline values, i.e. those before the treatment. On the 7th day of the treatment, the mean absolute count of CD4+ T cells and the mean percentage and absolute count of CD8+ T cells were significantly increased. The research found that on the 14th day of the treatment, the mean percentage and absolute count of CD25+CD4+ and CD25+CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased; the reduction in the percentage of CD25+CD4+ T cells persisted on 28th day of the treatment. A two-week treatment with OCL resulted in an increase in the mean percentage of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells, and this effect was sustained at the last time point. The treatment with OCL decreased the eosinophil level but does not affect the absolute counts of basophils, monocytes and neutrophils.
Conclusions: The findings of the study strongly suggest that: (a) in terms of the impact of OCL on the number of PB CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monthly treatment with the drug should be considered as a relatively safe; (b) the eosinophil-reducing effect and the down-regulation of the AD up-regulated CD25 expression on CD4+ Teff cells may constitute significant elements of the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the drug in the treatment of canine AD; (c) the generation of inducible Foxp3-expressing CD4+ regulatory T cells - resulting in the shift of the CD4+ Treg cell (i.e. Foxp3+CD4+)/activated Teff (i.e. CD25+CD4+) cell balance toward an increased proportion of Treg cells - may be considered as additional mechanism involved in producing the immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive properties of OCL.
背景:奥克替尼(Oclacitinib,OCL)是一种Janus激酶抑制剂,是一种新型免疫调节/免疫抑制剂,已被批准作为治疗犬特应性皮炎(AD)的一线药物。这项研究的目的是在临床条件下,即在患有特应性皮炎的狗体内,从安全性和治疗作用的免疫机制两方面研究 OCL 对 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞及其选定亚群的影响。八只狗按推荐剂量接受了28天的OCL治疗。分别在第 0、7、14 和 28 天采集血液样本:研究表明,在使用 OCL 治疗的第 14 天和第 28 天,CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞的平均百分比和绝对计数与相应的基线值(即治疗前的数值)没有差异。在治疗的第 7 天,CD4+ T 细胞的平均绝对计数、CD8+ T 细胞的平均百分比和绝对计数均显著增加。研究发现,在治疗的第 14 天,CD25+CD4+ 和 CD25+CD8+ T 细胞的平均百分比和绝对数量明显减少;在治疗的第 28 天,CD25+CD4+ T 细胞百分比的减少持续存在。用 OCL 治疗两周后,Foxp3+CD4+ T 细胞的平均百分比有所增加,而且这种效应在最后一个时间点持续存在。使用 OCL 治疗可降低嗜酸性粒细胞水平,但不影响嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞的绝对计数:研究结果有力地表明结论:研究结果有力地表明:(a) 就 OCL 对 PB CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞数量的影响而言,每月使用该药物治疗应被视为相对安全;(b) 减少嗜酸性粒细胞的作用和下调 CD4+Teff 细胞上调的 CD25 表达,可能是该药物治疗犬 AD 的作用机制的重要因素;(c) 诱导性 Foxp3 表达的 CD4+ 调节性 T 细胞的生成--导致 CD4+ Treg 细胞(即 Foxp3+CD4+ Treg 细胞)的转移--可能是该药物治疗犬 AD 的作用机制的重要因素。e. Foxp3+CD4+)/activated Teff(i.e. CD25+CD4+)细胞平衡,使 Treg 细胞比例增加--这可能被认为是 OCL 产生免疫调节/免疫抑制特性的另一种机制。
{"title":"Treatment with oclacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, down-regulates and up-regulates CD25 and Foxp3 expression, respectively, in peripheral blood T cells of dogs with atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Agnieszka Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk, Piotr Socha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04340-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04340-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oclacitinib (OCL), a Janus kinase inhibitor, is a novel immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive agent which is an approved as the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of OCL on CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and their selected subsets under clinical conditions, i.e. in dogs suffering from AD, in terms of both safety and immune mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions. Eight dogs were treated for 28 days with OCL at the recommended dose. Blood samples were taken at day 0, 7, 14 and 28.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that the mean percentage and absolute count of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells on the 14th and 28th day of the treatment with OCL did not differ from the corresponding baseline values, i.e. those before the treatment. On the 7th day of the treatment, the mean absolute count of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and the mean percentage and absolute count of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were significantly increased. The research found that on the 14th day of the treatment, the mean percentage and absolute count of CD25<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD25<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were significantly decreased; the reduction in the percentage of CD25<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells persisted on 28th day of the treatment. A two-week treatment with OCL resulted in an increase in the mean percentage of Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and this effect was sustained at the last time point. The treatment with OCL decreased the eosinophil level but does not affect the absolute counts of basophils, monocytes and neutrophils.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the study strongly suggest that: (a) in terms of the impact of OCL on the number of PB CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, monthly treatment with the drug should be considered as a relatively safe; (b) the eosinophil-reducing effect and the down-regulation of the AD up-regulated CD25 expression on CD4<sup>+</sup> Teff cells may constitute significant elements of the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the drug in the treatment of canine AD; (c) the generation of inducible Foxp3-expressing CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells - resulting in the shift of the CD4<sup>+</sup> Treg cell (i.e. Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>)/activated Teff (i.e. CD25<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>) cell balance toward an increased proportion of Treg cells - may be considered as additional mechanism involved in producing the immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive properties of OCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04304-4
Gehad E Elshopakey, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Simon J Davies, Samia Elbahnaswy
Our work evaluated the possible underlying roles of dietary dried seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa; GV) on the inherent immune response, antioxidant capacity, immune-related gene expression, and protection of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) contra white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Three hundred and sixty healthy L. vannamei (15.26 g ± 1.29 g) were graded into four supplemental groups ( Triplicate/group) and fed with diets including 0 (control), 2, 4, and 8 g GV (kg diet) -1 for 21 days. Following the feeding period, each group of shrimp received an intramuscular WSSV injection (1.4 × 106 copies/ml). Hemolymph and gills samples were collected before and after the challenge with WSSV. Notably, the administration of dietary GV significantly enhanced the innate immune parameters of pacific white shrimp including total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis, phenoloxidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lysozyme activity before and after challenge with WSSV. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 4, and 8 g of GV (kg diet)-1 remarkably elevated ACP, AKP, SOD, GPx, and catalase activities along with a decrease in the MDA level in gills of shrimp before and post-WSSV challenge. In response to the GV supplement, significant upregulation of expression of ALF1, CRU1, PEN4, and CTL with downregulation of TRAF6, STAT, TLR1, and NOS genes was recorded in the gills tissue before and post-challenge with WSSV, especially at a dose of 8.0 GV g kg - 1. Dietary inoculated shrimp with GV revealed notably higher survival percentages after being challenged with WSSV. Conclusively, these data indicate that Gracilaria verrucosa can be recommended as a valuable supplemented seaweed to stimulate the innate immunity and enhance the health of Litopenaeus vannamei against viral infection.
{"title":"Alleviating effects of Gracilaria verrucosa supplement on non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) provoked with white spot syndrome virus.","authors":"Gehad E Elshopakey, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Simon J Davies, Samia Elbahnaswy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04304-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04304-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our work evaluated the possible underlying roles of dietary dried seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa; GV) on the inherent immune response, antioxidant capacity, immune-related gene expression, and protection of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) contra white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Three hundred and sixty healthy L. vannamei (15.26 g ± 1.29 g) were graded into four supplemental groups ( Triplicate/group) and fed with diets including 0 (control), 2, 4, and 8 g GV (kg diet) <sup>-1</sup> for 21 days. Following the feeding period, each group of shrimp received an intramuscular WSSV injection (1.4 × 10<sup>6</sup> copies/ml). Hemolymph and gills samples were collected before and after the challenge with WSSV. Notably, the administration of dietary GV significantly enhanced the innate immune parameters of pacific white shrimp including total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis, phenoloxidase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lysozyme activity before and after challenge with WSSV. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 4, and 8 g of GV (kg diet)<sup>-1</sup> remarkably elevated ACP, AKP, SOD, GPx, and catalase activities along with a decrease in the MDA level in gills of shrimp before and post-WSSV challenge. In response to the GV supplement, significant upregulation of expression of ALF1, CRU1, PEN4, and CTL with downregulation of TRAF6, STAT, TLR1, and NOS genes was recorded in the gills tissue before and post-challenge with WSSV, especially at a dose of 8.0 GV g kg <sup>- 1</sup>. Dietary inoculated shrimp with GV revealed notably higher survival percentages after being challenged with WSSV. Conclusively, these data indicate that Gracilaria verrucosa can be recommended as a valuable supplemented seaweed to stimulate the innate immunity and enhance the health of Litopenaeus vannamei against viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04336-w
Marta Rybska, Marek Skrzypski, Maria Billert, Tatiana Wojciechowicz, Anna Łukomska, Piotr Pawlak, Tomasz Nowak, Karolina Pusiak, Barbara Wąsowska
Background: Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may play a role in uterus function. It is co-expressed with other peptides, such as phoenixin, which can influence sex hormone secretion. Our previous research has confirmed that phoenixin-14 is involved in the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra in dogs. Therefore, based on the similarities and interactions between these neuropeptides, we hypothesized that nesfatin-1 might also regulate the reproductive system in dogs. This study aimed to determine the expression of nesfatin-1 and its interaction with phoenixin-14 in dogs with CEH or pyometra compared to healthy females, and concerning animals' body condition score (BCS 4-5/9 vs. BCS > 5/9).
Results: The analysis of nesfatin-1 in the uterus of bitches consisted of qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays, and ELISAs. The results showed significantly higher nesfatin-1 encoding gene, nucleobindin-2 mRNA (Nucb2) and nesfatin-1 protein expression in overweight females and those suffering from CEH or pyometra compared to healthy animals. The immunoreactivity of nesfatin-1 was elevated in the uteri of bitches with higher BCS > 5/9. Moreover, nesfatin-1 blood concentrations increased in all examined overweight bitches. In the case of phoenixin signals, we found opposite results, regardless of the female body condition score.
Conclusion: The etiology of CEH and pyometra are not fully known, although we have expanded the level of knowledge with respect to the possible interaction of nesfatin-1 and phoenixin in female dogs' uteri. They interact oppositely. With increasing female body weight, the expression of nesfatin-1 in the uterus and its peripheral blood concentration increased. However, for female dogs affected by CEH and pyometra, a decreased level of phoenixin-14, irrespective of their body condition score is characteristic. This knowledge could be crucial in the development of biomarkers for these conditions, which may lead to earlier recognition.
{"title":"Nesfatin-1 expression and blood plasma concentration in female dogs suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra and its possible interaction with phoenixin-14.","authors":"Marta Rybska, Marek Skrzypski, Maria Billert, Tatiana Wojciechowicz, Anna Łukomska, Piotr Pawlak, Tomasz Nowak, Karolina Pusiak, Barbara Wąsowska","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04336-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04336-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may play a role in uterus function. It is co-expressed with other peptides, such as phoenixin, which can influence sex hormone secretion. Our previous research has confirmed that phoenixin-14 is involved in the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra in dogs. Therefore, based on the similarities and interactions between these neuropeptides, we hypothesized that nesfatin-1 might also regulate the reproductive system in dogs. This study aimed to determine the expression of nesfatin-1 and its interaction with phoenixin-14 in dogs with CEH or pyometra compared to healthy females, and concerning animals' body condition score (BCS 4-5/9 vs. BCS > 5/9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of nesfatin-1 in the uterus of bitches consisted of qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays, and ELISAs. The results showed significantly higher nesfatin-1 encoding gene, nucleobindin-2 mRNA (Nucb2) and nesfatin-1 protein expression in overweight females and those suffering from CEH or pyometra compared to healthy animals. The immunoreactivity of nesfatin-1 was elevated in the uteri of bitches with higher BCS > 5/9. Moreover, nesfatin-1 blood concentrations increased in all examined overweight bitches. In the case of phoenixin signals, we found opposite results, regardless of the female body condition score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The etiology of CEH and pyometra are not fully known, although we have expanded the level of knowledge with respect to the possible interaction of nesfatin-1 and phoenixin in female dogs' uteri. They interact oppositely. With increasing female body weight, the expression of nesfatin-1 in the uterus and its peripheral blood concentration increased. However, for female dogs affected by CEH and pyometra, a decreased level of phoenixin-14, irrespective of their body condition score is characteristic. This knowledge could be crucial in the development of biomarkers for these conditions, which may lead to earlier recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Biological aging is a complex process influenced by various factors, including reproductive status and castration. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of castration on biological aging in dogs.
Method: Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into a sham-operation control group (n = 5) and a castrated group (n = 10). Blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 post-surgery. Malondialdehyde (MDA as indicator of Lipid peroxidation), C-reactive protein (as an indicator of inflammation), telomere length, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the expression of age-related (P16, P21, TBX2) and telomerase-related (TERT) genes were assessed in blood samples.
Results: Plasma MDA levels were higher in the control group at weeks 16 and 18, while CRP levels were higher only at week 18. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were lower in the control group at week 18. Gene expression analysis showed that P16 was lower in the control group at weeks 8 and 12, P21 and TERT were lower at weeks 16 and 18, and TBX2 was lower at weeks 16 and 18. The TBX2/P16 ratio was lower in the control group at weeks 16 and 18 but higher at week 12, while the TBX2/P21 ratio did not differ between groups.
Conclusion: Castration appears to have a protective effect against biological aging in dogs, as evidenced by lower lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and age-related changes in telomere length, mtDNA copy number, and gene expression.
{"title":"Is castration leading to biological aging in dogs? Assessment of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and expression of telomerase and age-related genes.","authors":"Hossein Hassanpour, Moosa Javdani, Zahra Changaniyan-Khorasgani, Elnaz Rezazadeh, Reza Jalali, Marzieh Mojtahed","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04337-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04337-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological aging is a complex process influenced by various factors, including reproductive status and castration. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of castration on biological aging in dogs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into a sham-operation control group (n = 5) and a castrated group (n = 10). Blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 post-surgery. Malondialdehyde (MDA as indicator of Lipid peroxidation), C-reactive protein (as an indicator of inflammation), telomere length, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the expression of age-related (P16, P21, TBX2) and telomerase-related (TERT) genes were assessed in blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma MDA levels were higher in the control group at weeks 16 and 18, while CRP levels were higher only at week 18. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were lower in the control group at week 18. Gene expression analysis showed that P16 was lower in the control group at weeks 8 and 12, P21 and TERT were lower at weeks 16 and 18, and TBX2 was lower at weeks 16 and 18. The TBX2/P16 ratio was lower in the control group at weeks 16 and 18 but higher at week 12, while the TBX2/P21 ratio did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Castration appears to have a protective effect against biological aging in dogs, as evidenced by lower lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and age-related changes in telomere length, mtDNA copy number, and gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04289-0
Abel W Walekhwa, Lydia N Namakula, Solomon T Wafula, Ashley W Nakawuki, Edwinah Atusingwize, Winnifred K Kansiime, Brenda Nakazibwe, Robert Mwebe, Herbert K Isabirye, Margerat I Ndagire, Noah S Kiwanuka, Valentina Ndolo, Harriet Kusiima, Richard Ssekitoleko, Alex R Ario, Lawrence Mugisha
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that poses a significant threat to both human health and livestock. Effective preparedness and response to anthrax outbreak at the district level is essential to mitigate the devastating impact of the disease to humans and animals. The current diseaae surveillance in animals and humans uses two different infrastructure systems with online platform supported by established diagnostic facilities. The differences in surveillance systems affect timely outbreak response especially for zoonotic diseases like anthrax. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a simulation exercise for a potential anthrax outbreak in a local government setting and to raise the suspicion index of different district stakeholders for a potential anthrax outbreak in Namisindwa District, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a field-based simulation exercise and a health education intervention using quantitative data collection methods. The study participants mainly members of the District Taskforce (DTF) were purposively selected given their role(s) in disease surveillance and response at the sub-national level. We combined 26 variables (all dichotomized) assessing knowledge on anthrax and knowledge on appropriate outbreak response measures into an additive composite index. We then dichotomized overall score based on the 80% blooms cutoff i.e. we considered those scoring at least 80% to have high knowledge, otherwise low. We then assessed the factors associated with knowledge using binary logistic regression with time as a proxy for the intervention effect. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence intervals (95%CI) have been reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall district readiness score was 35.0% (24/69) and was deficient in the following domains: coordination and resource mobilization (5/16), surveillance (5/11), laboratory capacity (3/10), case management (4/7), risk communications (4/12), and control measures (4/13). The overall community readiness score was 7 out of 32 (22.0%). We noted poor scores of readiness in all domains except for case management (2/2). The knowledge training did not have an effect on the overall readiness score, but improved specific domains such as control measures. Instead tertiary education was the only independent predictor of higher knowledge on anthrax and how to respond to it (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.07-2.31). Training did not have a significant association with overall knowledge improvement but had an effect on several individual knowledge aspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that the district's preparedness to respond to a potential anthrax outbreak was inadequate, especially in coordination and mobilisation, surveillance, case management, risk communication and control measures. The health education training intervention showed increased knowledge levels compared to the pre-test and post-t
{"title":"Strengthening anthrax outbreak response and preparedness: simulation and stakeholder education in Namisindwa district, Uganda.","authors":"Abel W Walekhwa, Lydia N Namakula, Solomon T Wafula, Ashley W Nakawuki, Edwinah Atusingwize, Winnifred K Kansiime, Brenda Nakazibwe, Robert Mwebe, Herbert K Isabirye, Margerat I Ndagire, Noah S Kiwanuka, Valentina Ndolo, Harriet Kusiima, Richard Ssekitoleko, Alex R Ario, Lawrence Mugisha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04289-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04289-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that poses a significant threat to both human health and livestock. Effective preparedness and response to anthrax outbreak at the district level is essential to mitigate the devastating impact of the disease to humans and animals. The current diseaae surveillance in animals and humans uses two different infrastructure systems with online platform supported by established diagnostic facilities. The differences in surveillance systems affect timely outbreak response especially for zoonotic diseases like anthrax. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a simulation exercise for a potential anthrax outbreak in a local government setting and to raise the suspicion index of different district stakeholders for a potential anthrax outbreak in Namisindwa District, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a field-based simulation exercise and a health education intervention using quantitative data collection methods. The study participants mainly members of the District Taskforce (DTF) were purposively selected given their role(s) in disease surveillance and response at the sub-national level. We combined 26 variables (all dichotomized) assessing knowledge on anthrax and knowledge on appropriate outbreak response measures into an additive composite index. We then dichotomized overall score based on the 80% blooms cutoff i.e. we considered those scoring at least 80% to have high knowledge, otherwise low. We then assessed the factors associated with knowledge using binary logistic regression with time as a proxy for the intervention effect. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence intervals (95%CI) have been reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall district readiness score was 35.0% (24/69) and was deficient in the following domains: coordination and resource mobilization (5/16), surveillance (5/11), laboratory capacity (3/10), case management (4/7), risk communications (4/12), and control measures (4/13). The overall community readiness score was 7 out of 32 (22.0%). We noted poor scores of readiness in all domains except for case management (2/2). The knowledge training did not have an effect on the overall readiness score, but improved specific domains such as control measures. Instead tertiary education was the only independent predictor of higher knowledge on anthrax and how to respond to it (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.07-2.31). Training did not have a significant association with overall knowledge improvement but had an effect on several individual knowledge aspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that the district's preparedness to respond to a potential anthrax outbreak was inadequate, especially in coordination and mobilisation, surveillance, case management, risk communication and control measures. The health education training intervention showed increased knowledge levels compared to the pre-test and post-t","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}