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Nucleotide sequence variants, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with bacterial diarrhea susceptibility in Barki lambs. 与巴基羔羊细菌性腹泻易感性相关的核苷酸序列变异、基因表达及血清免疫和抗氧化标记物概况
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04288-1
Asmaa Darwish, Eman Ebissy, Amani Hafez, Ahmed Ateya, Ahmed El-Sayed
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the fact that diarrhea is more accurately described as a clinical symptom than a disease. Diarrhea is one of the most important issues in ovine medicine, particularly in lambs, and because of high morbidity and mortality rate, sluggish growth performance, and veterinary costs, it is believed to be a major source of economic loss. Salmonella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are the most common and commercially significant agents responsible for diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to monitor the nucleotide sequence variations, gene expression, serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in diarrheic lambs. Another aim was to identify different pathotypes and virulence genes of Salmonella and E. coli causing diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Blood samples were taken from 50 Barki who were diarrheal and 50 who appeared to be healthy, and then divided in 3 portions, with EDTA added to the first part for CBC, DNA and RNA extraction. The second sample received 5000 I.U. of heparin calcium, and a clean plain tube was used for the third component. The second and third sections were centrifuged to extract serum and plasma until the biochemical and immunological analysis was completed. Fecal samples were collected for bacteriological examination, and the bacteria were identified by PCR analysis. PCR-DNA sequencing was conducted for immune (SELL, JAK2, SLC11A1, IL10, FEZF1, NCF4, LITAF, SBD2, NFKB, TNF-α, IL1B, IL6, LGALS, and CATH1), antioxidant (SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, Nrf2, Keap1, HMOX1, and NQO1), and GIT health (CALB1, GT, and MUC2) genes in healthy and diarrheic lambs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Virulent genetic markers of pathogenic characteristics of E. coli (astA, Vt2e (Stx2e), CFA/I, groES and luxS) and Salmonella (invA, SopB, bcfC and avrA) were detected in all diarrheic lambs. PCR-DNA sequencing of immune, antioxidant and intestinal health genes found eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to either diarrhea resistance or susceptibility in Barki lambs. Transcript levels of immune, antioxidant, and GIT health (CALB1, GT, and MUC2) genes varied between healthy and diarrheic lambs. Nucleotide sequence variation of the genes under inquiry between reference sequences in GenBank and those of the animals under investigation verified all identified SNPs. Significant (P = 0.001) erythrocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, with lymphocytopenia were observed in diarrheic lambs. Significant (P = 0.001) increases in serum IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (90.5 ± 1.7, 101.8 ± 1.7, 72.3 ± 6.6, 71.26 ± 4.89 Pg/ml, respectively), serum Fb, Cp, Hp, SAA (230.7 ± 12.4 mg/dl, 6.5 ± 0.07 mg/dl, 2.5 ± 0.09 g/dl, 7.4 ± 0.4 mg/L, respectively), free radicals (MDA, NO), cortisol (6.91 ± 0.18 μg/dl) and growth hormone, with significant (P = 0.001) decreases in serum IL-10 (81.71 ± 1.05 Pg/ml), antioxidants (CAT, GPx), insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine
背景:尽管将腹泻描述为一种临床症状比描述为一种疾病更为准确。腹泻是绵羊医学中最重要的问题之一,尤其是对羔羊而言,由于其发病率和死亡率高、生长迟缓、兽医成本高,被认为是经济损失的主要来源。沙门氏菌和肠毒性大肠杆菌是导致腹泻的最常见、最具商业价值的病原体:本研究旨在监测腹泻羔羊的核苷酸序列变异、基因表达、血清炎症和氧化应激生物标志物。另一个目的是确定引起腹泻的沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的不同病理类型和毒力基因:从 50 只腹泻羔羊和 50 只健康羔羊身上采集血液样本,然后分成 3 份,第一份加入 EDTA 进行全血细胞计数、DNA 和 RNA 提取。第二份样本中加入 5000 I.U. 的肝素钙,第三份样本则使用干净的普通试管。第二和第三部分离心提取血清和血浆,直至完成生化和免疫分析。收集粪便样本进行细菌学检查,并通过 PCR 分析鉴定细菌。对免疫(SELL、JAK2、SLC11A1、IL10、FEZF1、NCF4、LITAF、SBD2、NFKB、TNF-α、IL1B、IL6、LGALS 和 CATH1)进行 PCR-DNA 测序、健康羔羊和腹泻羔羊的抗氧化基因(SOD1、CAT、GPX1、GST、Nrf2、Keap1、HMOX1 和 NQO1)以及胃肠道健康基因(CALB1、GT 和 MUC2)。结果在所有腹泻羔羊中都检测到了大肠杆菌(astA、Vt2e (Stx2e)、CFA/I、groES 和 luxS)和沙门氏菌(invA、SopB、bcfC 和 avrA)的致病性病毒基因标记。免疫、抗氧化和肠道健康基因的 PCR-DNA 测序发现 11 个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与巴基羔羊的腹泻抵抗力或腹泻易感性有关。免疫、抗氧化和肠道健康(CALB1、GT和MUC2)基因的转录水平在健康羔羊和腹泻羔羊之间存在差异。所调查基因的核苷酸序列在 GenBank 中的参考序列与所调查动物的参考序列之间的变异验证了所有已确定的 SNPs。腹泻羔羊出现了明显的红细胞增多症、中性粒细胞增多症和淋巴细胞减少症(P = 0.001)。血清 IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α(分别为 90.5 ± 1.7、101.8 ± 1.7、72.3 ± 6.6、71.26 ± 4.89 Pg/ml)、血清 Fb、Cp、Hp、SAA(分别为 230.7 ± 12.4 mg/dl、6.5 ± 0.07 mg/dl、2.5 ± 0.09 g/dl、7.4 ± 0.4 mg/L)、自由基(MDA、NO)、皮质醇(6.91 ± 0.18 μg/dl)和生长激素,腹泻羔羊血清IL-10(81.71 ± 1.05 Pg/ml)、抗氧化剂(CAT、GPx)、胰岛素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)显著下降(P = 0.001):研究结果证实了以下理论:根据与炎症、抗氧化剂和肠道健康有关的基因 SNPs 选择羔羊,标记辅助选择(MAS)可用于预测和预防巴尔基绵羊腹泻。为了制定有效的管理方案并确定疾病发生的最易感风险期,还可以利用所研究基因的基因表达谱、促炎细胞因子和急性期蛋白作为羔羊肠炎的替代生物标记物。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological identification and distribution comparison of telocytes in pituitary gland between normal and cryptorchid yaks. 正常牦牛和隐睾牦牛垂体端细胞的形态鉴定和分布比较
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04307-1
Yumei Qi, Ligang Yuan, Jianlin Zeng, Xiaofen Wang, Long Ma, Jinghan Lv

Background: Telocytes (TCs) is a novel type of interstitial cells in many mammals organs, which participate in the organizational metabolism, mechanical support, immunomodulation and other aspects. The aim of this study was to explore the organizational chemical characteristics of TCs in pituitary gland and their changes in cryptorchid yaks.

Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), toluidine blue staining, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting may enable us to understand TCs distribution characteristics and biological functions.

Result: TEM confirmed the presence of TCs in the pituitary gland with small bodies and moniliform telopodes (Tps). The Tps extending out from the cell body to the peri-sinusoidal vessels spaces, the number of Tps is closely related to the morphology of the nucleus. The most obvious changes of TCs in the pituitary gland of cryptorchid yaks is the Tps are relatively shorter and decreased secretory vesicles. H.E. and toluidine blue staining revealed that TCs not only distributed between the sinusoidal blood vessels and the glandular cell clusters, but also present on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. The co-expression of TCs biomarkers, such as Vimentin/CD34, CD117/CD34 and α-SMA/CD34, were evaluated by immunofluorescence to further determine the phenotypic characteristics of TCs. Besides, we analyzed the mRNA and protein expression of these biomarkers to determine the characteristics of TCs changes and possible biological roles. Both the mRNA and protein expression of CD117 were significantly higher in the pituitary gland of cryptorchid yaks than in the normal (p < 0.01), the protein expression of CD34 in the cryptorchid yaks was significantly higher than the normal (p < 0.01). There were no significant difference in mRNA expression of Vimentin and α-SMA (p>0.05), while the protein expression were significantly increased in the normal yaks (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: In summary, this study reports for the first time that the biological characteristics of TCs in yak pituitary gland. Although there is no significant change in the distribution characteristics, the changes in biological features of TCs in cryptorchid yaks are clear, suggesting that TCs participated in alteration in the local microenvironment of the pituitary gland. Therefore, our study provides clues for further investigating the role of TCs in the pituitary gland during the occurrence of cryptorchidism in yaks.

背景:端细胞(TCs)是哺乳动物许多器官中的一种新型间质细胞,参与组织代谢、机械支持、免疫调节等方面。本研究旨在探讨隐睾牦牛垂体TCs的组织化学特征及其变化:方法:通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、甲苯胺蓝染色、免疫荧光、qRT-PCR和Western印迹等方法了解TCs的分布特征和生物学功能:结果:TEM证实垂体中存在TCs,它们具有小体和单形端粒(Tps)。Tps从细胞体延伸到窦周血管间隙,Tps的数量与细胞核的形态密切相关。隐睾牦牛垂体TC最明显的变化是Tps相对变短,分泌泡减少。H.E.和甲苯胺蓝染色显示,TCs不仅分布在窦状血管和腺细胞簇之间,还存在于血管内皮细胞表面。免疫荧光评估了TCs生物标记物的共表达,如Vimentin/CD34、CD117/CD34和α-SMA/CD34,以进一步确定TCs的表型特征。此外,我们还分析了这些生物标志物的 mRNA 和蛋白表达,以确定 TCs 的变化特征和可能的生物学作用。综上所述,本研究首次报道了牦牛垂体中TCs的生物学特征。虽然分布特征没有明显变化,但隐睾牦牛TCs生物学特征的变化非常明显,表明TCs参与了垂体局部微环境的改变。因此,我们的研究为进一步研究TCs在牦牛隐睾发生过程中在垂体中的作用提供了线索。
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引用次数: 0
Variation in the gut microbiota during the early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its correlation with feed and pond water microflora. 鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)早期发育阶段肠道微生物群的变化及其与饲料和池水微生物群的相关性。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04321-3
Jiahui Zhang, Yu Liu, Shijuan Shan, Cong Xu, Liguo An, Guiwen Yang, Lei Wang, Hua Li

Background: Fish gut microbiota undergo dynamic changes under the influence of many factors and play an important role in the nutrition, immunity and development in fish. Although common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is an economically important freshwater fish, there are few reports on its gut microbiota changes at different early developmental stages. In the present study, the gut microbiota of common carp during the early developmental stages and its correlation with the feed and pond water flora were studied using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.

Results: The results showed that the gut microbiota of common carp underwent continuous and mild changes over the development process, and the pond water environment might provide bacterial resources and have a certain influence on the changes in the gut microbiota of common carp. However, host selection pressure played a more important role in shaping the gut microbiota. Although the gut microbiota was affected by many factors, the presence of core microbiota indicated that some bacterial species adapt to the gut microenvironment of common carp and played a role in its growth process.

Conclusions: The dynamic changes of gut microbiota of carp in early development stage were related to the feed, water environment and host selection. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for healthy farming and disease prevention of common carp.

背景:鱼类肠道微生物群在多种因素的影响下发生动态变化,在鱼类的营养、免疫和发育过程中发挥着重要作用。虽然鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)是一种具有重要经济价值的淡水鱼,但有关其肠道微生物群在不同早期发育阶段变化的报道却很少。本研究利用 Illumina MiSeq 测序平台研究了鲤鱼早期发育阶段的肠道微生物群及其与饲料和池水菌群的相关性:结果表明,鲤鱼肠道微生物群在发育过程中发生了持续而温和的变化,池塘水环境可能提供了细菌资源,对鲤鱼肠道微生物群的变化有一定影响。然而,宿主的选择压力对肠道微生物群的形成起着更为重要的作用。虽然鲤鱼肠道微生物群受到多种因素的影响,但核心微生物群的存在表明一些细菌种类适应了鲤鱼的肠道微环境,并在其生长过程中发挥了作用:结论:鲤鱼肠道微生物群在发育早期的动态变化与饲料、水环境和宿主选择有关。本研究结果为鲤鱼的健康养殖和疾病预防提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of productive performance of Marandi, White Leghorn, and Marandi-White Leghorn crossbred chickens. 比较马兰地鸡、白莱格鸡和马兰地-白莱格鸡杂交鸡的生产性能。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04314-2
Somayeh Pourhamidi, Ali Esmailizadeh, Mohamad Salarmoini, Masood Asadi Fozi

Background: Recently, efforts like crossbreeding, strain crossing, and inbred hybridization have been performed to improve productive performance in native chickens. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding on the improvement of the productivity of a native chicken. The White Leghorn exotic chicken (WL) as dam line and the Marandi indigenous chicken (MA) as sire line were used to generate the crossbreds (MA × WL). Body weight and egg production traits were measured in the three groups.

Results: There are significant performance differences between WL and MA, with WL exhibiting superior body weight and egg production compared to MA (P < 0.05). Crossbreeding between WL and MA significantly improved most traits, with MA × WL outperforming MA. Negative heterosis was observed for body weight showing similarities between MA and MA × WL. Notably, MA × WL showed a closer resemblance to WL than MA in hen-day egg production at 40 and 44 weeks (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The results derived from this study show that the economic performance of native chickens can be enhanced through crossbreeding with exotic chickens. Using the crossbred chickens in rural areas can be more efficient than the native chickens. In addition, the resilience of the native chickens to the local environment can be transmitted genetically to the crossbred which should be investigated in further studies.

背景:最近,为了提高土鸡的生产性能,人们进行了杂交、品系杂交和近交杂交等努力。本实验旨在评估杂交对提高本地鸡生产性能的影响。以白莱格霍恩外来鸡(WL)为母本品系,马兰地本地鸡(MA)为父本品系,产生杂交种(MA × WL)。对三组鸡的体重和产蛋性状进行了测定:结果:WL 和 MA 之间存在明显的性能差异,WL 的体重和产蛋量均优于 MA(P 结论:WL 和 MA 之间存在明显的性能差异,WL 的体重和产蛋量均优于 MA(P):本研究的结果表明,通过与外来鸡杂交,可以提高本地鸡的经济效益。在农村地区使用杂交鸡比本地鸡更有效率。此外,本地鸡对当地环境的适应能力可通过基因传递给杂交鸡,这一点应在进一步研究中加以探讨。
{"title":"Comparison of productive performance of Marandi, White Leghorn, and Marandi-White Leghorn crossbred chickens.","authors":"Somayeh Pourhamidi, Ali Esmailizadeh, Mohamad Salarmoini, Masood Asadi Fozi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04314-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04314-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, efforts like crossbreeding, strain crossing, and inbred hybridization have been performed to improve productive performance in native chickens. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding on the improvement of the productivity of a native chicken. The White Leghorn exotic chicken (WL) as dam line and the Marandi indigenous chicken (MA) as sire line were used to generate the crossbreds (MA × WL). Body weight and egg production traits were measured in the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are significant performance differences between WL and MA, with WL exhibiting superior body weight and egg production compared to MA (P < 0.05). Crossbreeding between WL and MA significantly improved most traits, with MA × WL outperforming MA. Negative heterosis was observed for body weight showing similarities between MA and MA × WL. Notably, MA × WL showed a closer resemblance to WL than MA in hen-day egg production at 40 and 44 weeks (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results derived from this study show that the economic performance of native chickens can be enhanced through crossbreeding with exotic chickens. Using the crossbred chickens in rural areas can be more efficient than the native chickens. In addition, the resilience of the native chickens to the local environment can be transmitted genetically to the crossbred which should be investigated in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of host breeds on gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in commercial pigs. 宿主品种对商品猪肠道微生物组和粪便代谢组的影响
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04308-0
Sui Liufu, Kaiming Wang, Bohe Chen, Wenwu Chen, Xiaolin Liu, Sheng Wen, Xintong Li, Dong Xu, Haiming Ma

Background: Gut microbial composition and its metabolites are crucial for livestock production performance. Metabolite profiles from autopsied biospecimens provide vital information on the basic mechanisms that affect the overall health and production traits in livestock animals. However, the role of the host breed in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome of commercial pigs remains unclear. In this work, differences in microbiota composition among three commercial pig breeds Duroc, Yorkshire, and Landrace were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolite compositions of the three pig breeds were detected using untargeted metabolomics.

Results: There were significant differences in the gut microbiomes of the three species, indicating that host breed affects the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. Several breed-associated microorganisms were identified at different taxonomic levels. Notely, most microbial taxa were annotated as Lactobacillacea, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Several bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, could be considered as biomarkers for improving the backfat thickness (BF) for commercial pigs. Additionally, KEGG analysis of gut microbiota further revealed that arginine biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis varied greatly among pig breeds. Multiple gut bacterial metabolites (e.g., spermidine, estradiol, and palmitic acid) were identified as breed-associated. Mediation analysis ultimately revealed the cross-talk among gut microbiota, metabolites, and BF thickness, proclaiming that the microbial and metabolic biomarkers identified in this study could be used as biomarkers for improving BF phenotype.

Conclusions: This work provides vital insights into breed effects on gut microbiota and metabolite compositions of commercial pigs and uncovers potential biomarkers that are significant for pig breed improvement.

背景:肠道微生物组成及其代谢物对家畜的生产性能至关重要。尸检生物样本中的代谢物图谱提供了有关影响家畜整体健康和生产性状的基本机制的重要信息。然而,宿主品种在商品猪肠道微生物组和粪便代谢组中的作用仍不清楚。在这项工作中,通过 16S rRNA 基因测序测定了杜洛克、约克夏和兰德瑞斯三个商品猪品种之间微生物群组成的差异。利用非靶向代谢组学检测了这三个猪种的粪便代谢物组成:结果:三种猪的肠道微生物组存在明显差异,表明宿主品种会影响肠道微生物群的多样性和结构。在不同的分类水平上发现了几种与品种相关的微生物。值得注意的是,大多数微生物类群都被注释为乳酸菌科(Lactobacillacea)、栗杆菌科(Muribaculaceae)和鞘翅目(Oscillospiraceae)。一些细菌,包括乳酸杆菌、Subdoligranulum、Faecalibacterium、Oscillospira、Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002 和 Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,可被视为改善商品猪背膘厚度(BF)的生物标志物。此外,对肠道微生物群的 KEGG 分析进一步表明,精氨酸生物合成、丙酮酸代谢和脂肪酸生物合成在不同猪种之间存在很大差异。多种肠道细菌代谢物(如亚精胺、雌二醇和棕榈酸)被确定为与品种相关。中介分析最终揭示了肠道微生物群、代谢物和BF厚度之间的相互关系,这表明本研究中确定的微生物和代谢生物标记物可用作改善BF表型的生物标记物:这项工作为了解猪种对商品猪肠道微生物群和代谢物组成的影响提供了重要依据,并发现了对猪种改良具有重要意义的潜在生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
First molecular investigation to detect avian Mycoplasma species in clinical samples from laying-hen farms in Tunisia. 首次从突尼斯蛋鸡养殖场的临床样本中检测禽支原体的分子调查。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04311-5
Soumaya Sabri, Lamia Khannous, Séverine Ferré, Adel Souissi, Radhouane Gdoura, Anne V Gautier-Bouchardon

Background: Avian mycoplasmas are known pathogens, which cause severe economic losses in poultry flocks. PCR is a rapid, sensitive, and less expensive diagnostic tool than culture for the identification of mycoplasmas in poultry farms. The objective of this study was to determine by PCR the presence of Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), and Mycoplasma pullorum (MP) in laying hens located in the Sfax region, in the South of Tunisia.

Results: A total of 781 tracheal swabs were collected from 13 laying-hen farms without clinical signs at the date of sampling. MP was detected by a newly described specific PCR assay. The prevalence calculated from PCR results at the flock level was 100% for Mycoplasma spp., 0% for MG, 84.6% for MS and 61.5% for MP. The overall prevalence at the animal level was 38.7% for Mycoplasma spp., 0% for MG, 25% for MS and 6.4% for MP. The overall prevalence of 100% of avian mycoplasmas in laying-hen farms (38.7% prevalence at the animal level) shows an alarming situation.

Conclusions: These results underline the importance of monitoring the emergence and spread of Mycoplasma strains in farms in order to decrease economic losses due to mycoplasmoses.

背景:禽支原体是已知的病原体,会给禽群造成严重的经济损失。与培养法相比,PCR 是一种快速、灵敏且成本较低的诊断工具,可用于鉴定家禽养殖场中的支原体。本研究的目的是通过 PCR 确定突尼斯南部斯法克斯地区蛋鸡中是否存在支原体属、胆囊支原体(MG)、滑液囊支原体(MS)和拉氏支原体(MP):从 13 个蛋鸡养殖场共采集了 781 份气管拭子,采样时未发现临床症状。采用一种新的特异性 PCR 方法检测 MP。根据 PCR 结果计算出的鸡群流行率为:支原体 100%、MG 0%、MS 84.6%、MP 61.5%。在动物层面,支原体的总体流行率为 38.7%,MG 为 0%,MS 为 25%,MP 为 6.4%。蛋鸡养殖场禽支原体的总体流行率为 100%(动物水平的流行率为 38.7%),情况令人担忧:这些结果凸显了监测养殖场支原体菌株的出现和传播以减少支原体病造成的经济损失的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The comparative morphology of the oral cavity glands in captive South African painted dogs (Lycaon pictus pictus) and captive fennec foxes (Vulpes zerda) (Carnivora: Canidae). 人工饲养的南非画眉狗(Lycaon pictus pictus)和人工饲养的芬尼克狐(Vulpes zerda)(食肉目:犬科)口腔腺体的比较形态。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04305-3
Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot, Krzysztof Stegmann, Arkadiusz Dziech, Gabriela Jędrszczyk, Igor Jucenco, Karolina Barszcz, Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk

Background: The African painted dog is classified as a relic canid lineage, inhabiting areas south of the Sahara. The fennec fox is the smallest member of the Canidae family, found in the Arabian Peninsula and northern Sahara.

Methods: The gross anatomy and light microscopic examination of the oral cavity glands were studied in five adult captive South African painted dogs and five adult captive fennec foxes from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden, Poland. In this research, the zygomatic gland, monostomatic sublingual gland, polystomatic sublingual gland, mandibular gland, and parotid gland were examined for their topography, morphometry, histology, and histochemistry using hematoxylin and eosin, azan trichrome, mucicarmine, PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 2.5 PAS, and HID.

Results: We found that the parotid glands were consistently the largest, followed by the mandibular and sublingual glands (both monostomatic and polystomatic). The zygomatic gland was the smallest in both South African painted dogs and fennec foxes. Interestingly, there were noticeable differences in the size, shape, and even composition of the secretory products between the two species. The zygomatic and polystomatic sublingual glands in the South African painted dog and the fennec fox were complex branched tubular. In the South African painted dog, the monostomatic gland was a branched tubular compound gland, while in the fennec fox, it was a branched tubuloalveolar compound gland. The mandibular gland in hunting dogs was a branched tubular compound gland, while in the fennec fox a branched tubuloalveolar compound gland. The parotid gland in the fennec fox was a branched acinar compound gland, whereas in the painted dog was a branched tubuloacinar.

Conclusions: The basic structure of their glands is similar to that of other terrestrial carnivores, indicating a shared evolutionary origin and function. However, differences in the composition of their secretory products can reflect adaptations to their specific diets. This research provides valuable insights for veterinary medicine and underscores the importance of further studies. By analyzing wild canid populations and including a broader range of species with diverse diets, we could gain a deeper understanding of how diet influences salivary gland morphology within the Canidae.

背景:非洲彩绘犬被归类为犬科遗种,栖息在撒哈拉以南地区。非洲狐是犬科中体型最小的成员,分布在阿拉伯半岛和撒哈拉沙漠北部:方法:对波兰弗罗茨瓦夫动物园圈养的五只成年南非彩绘犬和五只成年芬内克狐进行了口腔腺体的大体解剖和光学显微镜检查。在这项研究中,使用苏木精和伊红、天山三色、粘液胭脂红、PAS、AB pH 1.0、AB pH 2.5、AB pH 2.5 PAS 和 HID 对颧腺、单颌舌下腺、多颌舌下腺、下颌腺和腮腺的地形、形态、组织学和组织化学进行了检查:我们发现腮腺一直是最大的腺体,其次是下颌腺和舌下腺(包括单侧和多侧)。南非彩绘犬和芬尼克狐的颧腺最小。有趣的是,这两个物种的分泌物在大小、形状甚至成分上都存在明显差异。南非彩绘犬和芬尼克狐的颧腺和多囊舌下腺呈复杂的分枝管状。南非彩绘犬的单口腺是一种支化管状复合腺,而芬纳克狐的单口腺是一种支化管状耳泡复合腺。狩猎犬的下颌腺是一个分枝管状复合腺,而芬纳克狐的下颌腺是一个分枝管状齿槽复合腺。芬尼克狐的腮腺是分枝针状复合腺,而彩绘犬的腮腺是分枝管状针状复合腺:结论:狐狸腺体的基本结构与其他陆生食肉动物相似,这表明它们有着共同的进化起源和功能。然而,其分泌产物成分的差异可能反映了它们对特定饮食的适应性。这项研究为兽医学提供了宝贵的见解,并强调了进一步研究的重要性。通过分析野生犬科动物种群,并纳入更多不同饮食的物种,我们可以更深入地了解饮食如何影响犬科动物的唾液腺形态。
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引用次数: 0
Immune modulatory effects of tulathromycin, gamithromycin, and oxytetracycline in cattle. 土拉霉素、加美霉素和土霉素对牛的免疫调节作用
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04254-x
W Wheat, L Chow, K Still-Brooks, R Moore-Foster, J Herman, R Hunter, F Garry, S Dow

Certain classes of antibiotics, including tetracyclines and macrolides, are known to exert immune suppressive effects in other species but the immune modulatory effects of these antibiotics have not been previously studied in cattle. To address this question, we investigated the effects of oxytetracycline, gamithromycin, and tulathromycin on T cell and macrophage responses to activation, using in vitro assays. In addition, we assessed the impact of these antibiotics on T cell responses in vivo following treatment of healthy cattle with currently recommended doses of each of the three antibiotics. We found that all 3 antibiotics markedly suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro at relevant therapeutic drug concentrations and significantly suppressed macrophage activation responses to LPS. In cattle treated with a single dose of each antibiotic, we observed significant suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production beginning as early as 6 h after administration, with increasing immune suppression observed at 48 h. Taken together, these results indicate that commonly used antibiotics in cattle exert significant immune modulatory activity, in addition to their antimicrobial activity. These off-target effects should be considered when using antibiotics for prophylaxis or metaphylaxis in high-risk dairy or beef cattle (192 words).

众所周知,某些抗生素(包括四环素类和大环内酯类)在其他物种中具有免疫抑制作用,但这些抗生素的免疫调节作用以前从未在牛身上进行过研究。为了解决这个问题,我们利用体外试验研究了土霉素、加红霉素和妥拉霉素对 T 细胞和巨噬细胞活化反应的影响。此外,我们还评估了这些抗生素对体内 T 细胞反应的影响,即用目前推荐剂量的这三种抗生素分别治疗健康牛。我们发现,在相关治疗药物浓度下,这三种抗生素都能明显抑制体外 T 细胞的增殖,并显著抑制巨噬细胞对 LPS 的活化反应。在单剂量使用每种抗生素治疗的牛中,我们观察到 T 细胞增殖和细胞因子的产生早在用药后 6 小时就开始受到显著抑制,48 小时后免疫抑制作用逐渐增强。在对高风险奶牛或肉牛使用抗生素进行预防性或变态反应性治疗时,应考虑这些脱靶效应(192 字)。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoremediation of tilapia fish culture using iron oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized by Bacillus subtilis and immobilized in a free-floating macroporous cryogel. 使用由枯草芽孢杆菌生物合成并固定在自由浮动大孔冷冻凝胶中的氧化铁纳米颗粒对罗非鱼养殖进行纳米补救。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04292-5
Basma Sheta, Mohammed El-Zahed, Mona Nawareg, Zeinab Elkhiary, Salahuddin Sadek, Ayman Hyder

Background and aim: Contamination from increased anthropogenic activities poses a threat to human health as well as the ecosystem. To develop a nanotechnological approach to improve aqua fisheries, we synthesized magnetic hematite nanoparticle-based gel and evaluated its efficacy in a cadmium-polluted closed system to decontaminate water and improve tilapia fish health.

Methods: Green iron oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized by the metabolite of bacillus subtilis and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol to construct a hydrogel by cryogelation.

Key findings: The cryogel had interconnected macropores with diameters widely ranging between 20 and 200 μm and could be free-floating in water. When applied in cadmium-polluted tilapia culture, this nanogel reduced turbidity and ammonia in the aquarium, adsorbed cadmium from the water with a larger quantity on the gel's outer surface than in its center., and reduced cadmium concentration in tilapia's liver, gills, and muscles. Application of this nano-based cryogel reduced the toxic effects of cadmium on tilapia fish. It maintained hepatic and renal cell nuclear integrity as determined by comet assay. This nano-treatment also reversed the cadmium-induced elevations of plasma lipids, glucose, stress marker cortisol, the hepatic enzymes AST and ALT, and the kidney function marker urea, and improved the lymphocytopenia and other hematological functions in tilapia fish intoxicated by cadmium.

背景和目的:人类活动增加所造成的污染对人类健康和生态系统构成威胁。为了开发一种改善水产渔业的纳米技术方法,我们合成了基于磁性赤铁矿纳米颗粒的凝胶,并评估了其在镉污染封闭系统中净化水质和改善罗非鱼健康的功效:方法:利用枯草芽孢杆菌的代谢产物生物合成绿色氧化铁纳米粒子,并将其与聚乙烯醇结合,通过冷凝胶法构建水凝胶:该冷凝胶具有相互连接的大孔隙,直径在 20 至 200 μm 之间,可在水中自由浮动。将这种纳米凝胶应用于受镉污染的罗非鱼养殖中,可降低水族箱中的浑浊度和氨氮,凝胶外表面对水中镉的吸附量大于凝胶中心,并可降低罗非鱼肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的镉浓度。使用这种纳米低温凝胶可减少镉对罗非鱼的毒性影响。根据彗星试验的测定,它能保持肝细胞和肾细胞核的完整性。这种纳米处理还能逆转镉引起的血脂、血糖、应激标志物皮质醇、肝酶 AST 和 ALT 以及肾功能标志物尿素的升高,并改善镉中毒罗非鱼的淋巴细胞减少和其他血液学功能。
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引用次数: 0
Awareness and perceptions of poultry keepers about the prevalence of Fowl typhoid in chickens kept in Dodoma, Tanzania. 坦桑尼亚多多马家禽饲养者对鸡伤寒流行率的认识和看法。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04299-y
Kelvin Ngongolo

Chicken production in Tanzania provides opportunity to local communities in terms of employment, increased income, food security, and manure for cropping. However, diseases like fowl typhoid remain a challenge to livestock keepers. This study was aimed at understanding the attitude and awareness of Poultry keepers about the prevalence of fowl typhoid in chickens kept in Dodoma. A cross-sectional survey using semi-structured interviews was employed to understand farmers' perception of the prevalence of fowl typhoid and associated risk factors amongst poultry farmers in three wards in Dodoma, namely, Nkuhungu, Msalato, and Mnadani. The overall prevalence of fowl typhoid among farmers was 22.30%, with significant differences being noticed in the first quarter (January-March) and the third quarter (July-September) (P < 0.05). Factors such as age and sex, flock size, and management practices influence the prevalence of fowl typhoid significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the farmers had challenges accessing the veterinary services due to their unawareness, the availability of the service, and their distance from the service. The control strategies for fowl typhoid should consider the influencing factors while improving the accessibility and availability of veterinary services to farmers.

坦桑尼亚的养鸡业为当地社区提供了就业、增收、食品安全和种植肥料的机会。然而,鸡伤寒等疾病仍然是家畜饲养者面临的挑战。本研究旨在了解家禽饲养者对多多马地区鸡伤寒流行率的态度和认识。研究采用半结构式访谈法进行横断面调查,以了解多多马三个区(Nkuhungu、Msalato和Mnadani)的家禽饲养者对鸡伤寒流行率及相关风险因素的看法。养殖户中鸡伤寒的总体流行率为 22.30%,第一季度(1 月至 3 月)和第三季度(7 月至 9 月)之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
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BMC Veterinary Research
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