Pub Date : 2018-10-22DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00321
A. Marashi
Treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion used to be laser1 then intravitreal triamcinolone was used for the treatment2 today monthly intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockage agents are used as first line therapy, as they showed efficacy and safety,3 however there are intravitreal steroids (dexamethasone or fluocinolone) in a form of implants (slow release devices) has shown durability and efficacy4 especially in cases where intravitreal VEGF blockage agents are contraindicated or nonresponsive mainly in cases where inflammatory cascade is the main pathological element.
{"title":"Treating macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion with suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide using custom made needle","authors":"A. Marashi","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00321","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion used to be laser1 then intravitreal triamcinolone was used for the treatment2 today monthly intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockage agents are used as first line therapy, as they showed efficacy and safety,3 however there are intravitreal steroids (dexamethasone or fluocinolone) in a form of implants (slow release devices) has shown durability and efficacy4 especially in cases where intravitreal VEGF blockage agents are contraindicated or nonresponsive mainly in cases where inflammatory cascade is the main pathological element.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86375062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00320
Pires Jwl, Andrade Ep
With the increase in the life expectancy of the world population there was a greater attention to the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there is an exponential increase in the number of neuroprotective drugs for diseases, the inverse is seen in relation to the biomarkers and diagnostic neurodegenerative process. Among the neurodegenerative diseases associated with age, Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent, with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders resulting in progressive disability and eventual incapacitation.1,2
{"title":"Integrity of the nerve fiber layer of the retina in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Pires Jwl, Andrade Ep","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00320","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the life expectancy of the world population there was a greater attention to the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there is an exponential increase in the number of neuroprotective drugs for diseases, the inverse is seen in relation to the biomarkers and diagnostic neurodegenerative process. Among the neurodegenerative diseases associated with age, Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent, with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders resulting in progressive disability and eventual incapacitation.1,2","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75036473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00318
B. Turgut
and find small-dimensioned or hidden RBs in thin, folded and clear retina may sometimes be difficult. Intraoperative visualization of the peripheral retina in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) may provide to detect these. However, each RB cannot be detected even during careful peripheral retinal examination with indentation. The detection of the RB is the first stage of the management of RRD. Possible localizations of RBs in the eyes with RRD are supero temporal (60%), superonasal (15%), inferotemporal (15%) and inferonasal (10%) quadrants. Additionally, it should not forget that there is more than one RB, and it is often within 90° of each other in about 50% of the eyes with RRD. RBs in pseudophakic eyes are almost invariably anterior to the equator.1 In most cases, RBs can be detected through Lincoff’s rules before the surgery. Although the application of these rules has been not used as much as in the past, I think that Lincoff’s rules should be taken into account again in the identification of the RBs. Modified Lincoff’s rules are rules to detection of primary RBs based on the configuration of sub retinal fluid (SRF) and the localisation of RRD in retrospective analysis of 1,000 cases of RD.1 In a recent study, it has been reported that anterior RBs and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) have a significant association with validity of Lincoff rules.2 It has been reported that these rules are conformed to 96% of cases with primary RRD. Modified Lincoff’s rules include followings:1, 3‒6
{"title":"Remembering the Modified Lincoff ’s rules for practical identification of retinal break in regmatogenous retinal detachment","authors":"B. Turgut","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00318","url":null,"abstract":"and find small-dimensioned or hidden RBs in thin, folded and clear retina may sometimes be difficult. Intraoperative visualization of the peripheral retina in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) may provide to detect these. However, each RB cannot be detected even during careful peripheral retinal examination with indentation. The detection of the RB is the first stage of the management of RRD. Possible localizations of RBs in the eyes with RRD are supero temporal (60%), superonasal (15%), inferotemporal (15%) and inferonasal (10%) quadrants. Additionally, it should not forget that there is more than one RB, and it is often within 90° of each other in about 50% of the eyes with RRD. RBs in pseudophakic eyes are almost invariably anterior to the equator.1 In most cases, RBs can be detected through Lincoff’s rules before the surgery. Although the application of these rules has been not used as much as in the past, I think that Lincoff’s rules should be taken into account again in the identification of the RBs. Modified Lincoff’s rules are rules to detection of primary RBs based on the configuration of sub retinal fluid (SRF) and the localisation of RRD in retrospective analysis of 1,000 cases of RD.1 In a recent study, it has been reported that anterior RBs and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) have a significant association with validity of Lincoff rules.2 It has been reported that these rules are conformed to 96% of cases with primary RRD. Modified Lincoff’s rules include followings:1, 3‒6","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88761272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00317
M. M. Palmisano, P. Palmisano
cohort expanded, but this trend is expected to continue for the next 30years.5 The cost of medical equipment is particularly high in the field of Ophthalmology and reimbursements for services are expected to decrease, putting tremendous pressure on practices to handle these challenges.4,5,16 It is difficult to determine how to staff a multi-subspecialty practice in this environment. The decision to hire a subspecialist involves weighing many factors including patient demand, reimbursement, the availability of physician applicants, competitive salaries, and the synergistic effects that the new physician may have on the group practice.
{"title":"The distribution of subspecialties in ophthalmology group practices in an era of change group practices in an era of change","authors":"M. M. Palmisano, P. Palmisano","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00317","url":null,"abstract":"cohort expanded, but this trend is expected to continue for the next 30years.5 The cost of medical equipment is particularly high in the field of Ophthalmology and reimbursements for services are expected to decrease, putting tremendous pressure on practices to handle these challenges.4,5,16 It is difficult to determine how to staff a multi-subspecialty practice in this environment. The decision to hire a subspecialist involves weighing many factors including patient demand, reimbursement, the availability of physician applicants, competitive salaries, and the synergistic effects that the new physician may have on the group practice.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72825013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00316
Amrish Kumar, V. Ashwlayan, Mansi Verma, V. Garg, S. Gupta
With estimated prevalence ranging from 7.8% to 93.2% from different studies worldwide, dry eye disease is probably the most common ocular condition seen by eye care practitioners.1‒4 Apparently, Asian studies report higher prevalence than those from western countries and the 3 studies from India report the prevalence between 18.4% and 40.8%. Despite the common use of the term dry eye in ophthalmic literature, there was no formal definition of dry eye was proposed as 1995. The currently used definition of dry eye was proposed by the 2007 International dry eye Workshop, dry eye is a multi-factorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface.5
{"title":"A review on punctum plugs in the management of dry eye syndrome","authors":"Amrish Kumar, V. Ashwlayan, Mansi Verma, V. Garg, S. Gupta","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00316","url":null,"abstract":"With estimated prevalence ranging from 7.8% to 93.2% from different studies worldwide, dry eye disease is probably the most common ocular condition seen by eye care practitioners.1‒4 Apparently, Asian studies report higher prevalence than those from western countries and the 3 studies from India report the prevalence between 18.4% and 40.8%. Despite the common use of the term dry eye in ophthalmic literature, there was no formal definition of dry eye was proposed as 1995. The currently used definition of dry eye was proposed by the 2007 International dry eye Workshop, dry eye is a multi-factorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface.5","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80745203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00314
C. Orlich
keratoconus is a multifactorial corneal degeneration. It commonly presents with corneal thinning, irregular astigmatism and poor vision that generally does not improve with glasses and typically requires the use of contact lenses. It appears in pediatric patients, adolescents and young adults and very rarely presents itself in individuals older than 35.1 In developing countries, it is one of the principal indications for a full thickness corneal graft. In these countries, it is generally difficult to obtain tissue, generating long waiting lists for corneal transplants. Fortunately, the number of penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus has decreased in recent years thanks to earlier detection of the disease and new treatment options. Professor Theo Seiler discovered corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) at the end of the 1990’s at Dresden Technical University in Germany. The FDA has approved it in the US. It is indicated most in young patients with evidence of progressive keratoconus, the principal purpose of CXL is to avoid progression.2 The intracorneal segments may be very effective in regularizing the cornea and improving the astigmatic component, especially when assisted by the femtosecond laser. However, the spherical component, especially in regards to high degree myopia, is difficult to correct with this technique. Some surgeons combine the use of intracorneal segments with phakic lenses to achieve better UDVA.3 However, if the segments are implanted superficially or when the segments are near to the incision, they can extrude through the anterior corneal surface. In central keratoconus without leukoma or Vogt’s striae, 355° intracorneal segments may be indicated (Keraring, Mediphacos).4 However, in our experience, they remain near to the incision and extrude with greater frequency. For this reason, we reduced the arc to 340°. We do not have enough experience with these shorter segments to make a definitive comment. More than 50years ago, Professor José Ignacio Barraquer demonstrated the law of thickness. Based on this law, there exist two alternatives for flattening the central cornea and correcting myopia, or in this case keratoconus. The first alternative is to augment the peripheral corneal thickness, as the intracorneal segments or lenticule inclusions do in the periphery of the bag created with the femtosecond laser.5 The second alternative is to take out the tissue in the center of the cornea to flatten it.6 Combining the surface ablation with excimer laser (PRK), simultaneously guided by topography and CXL, is called the Athens Protocol. In a very select group of patients, positive results are being reported with keratoconus grade I or II with minor stable refraction at 6 D of spherical equivalent and pachymetry at 400 microns.7 Enrique Graue et al. in Mexico City describe the combination of SMILE and CXL as the “Aztec Protocol” to differentiate it from the Athens Protocol in which SMILE and CXL are combined to treat thwarted ker
圆锥角膜是一种多因素的角膜变性。它通常表现为角膜变薄、不规则散光和视力差，戴眼镜通常无法改善，通常需要使用隐形眼镜。在发展中国家，它是全层角膜移植的主要适应症之一，常见于儿科患者、青少年和年轻人，很少出现在年龄大于35.1岁的个体中。在这些国家，通常很难获得角膜组织，导致角膜移植的等待名单很长。幸运的是，由于疾病的早期发现和新的治疗选择，圆锥角膜穿透性角膜移植术的数量近年来有所减少。上世纪90年代末，西奥·塞勒教授在德国德累斯顿工业大学发现了角膜胶原交联(CXL)。美国食品和药物管理局已经批准了它。多见于有进展性圆锥角膜的年轻患者，CXL的主要目的是避免进展尤其是在飞秒激光的辅助下，角膜内节段可以非常有效地矫正角膜和改善散光成分。然而，球面成分，特别是在高度近视方面，很难用这种技术来纠正。一些外科医生将角膜内节段与晶状体结合使用，以获得更好的udva。3但是，如果节段植入较浅，或者当节段靠近切口时，会从角膜前表面挤出。在没有白血病或Vogt氏纹的中央圆锥角膜中，可以显示355°的角膜内节段(Keraring, Mediphacos)然而，根据我们的经验，它们仍然靠近切口并以更大的频率挤压。因此，我们把弧度减小到340°。对于这些较短的片段，我们没有足够的经验来作出明确的评论。50多年前，约瑟夫·伊格纳西奥·巴拉克教授证明了厚度定律。根据这一规律，有两种选择，即平坦中央角膜和矫正近视，或在本例中矫正圆锥角膜。第一种选择是增加角膜周围的厚度，就像飞秒激光在眼袋周围形成的角膜内段或透镜包涵体一样第二种方法是取出角膜中心的组织使其变平结合准分子激光(PRK)的表面烧蚀，同时引导的地形和CXL，被称为雅典协议。在一组非常精选的患者中，报告了I级或II级圆锥角膜的阳性结果，其轻微的稳定屈光度为6度的球面等效和400微米的视厚墨西哥城的Enrique Graue等人将SMILE和CXL的组合描述为“阿兹特克方案”，以区别于雅典方案。在雅典方案中，SMILE和CXL联合治疗圆锥角膜受损或不规则角膜，在SMILE晶状体取出后向袋内注射核黄素，并使用波长为370nm的紫外线A光照射30分钟，3mW/cm2。他们的研究结果表明，SMILE联合角膜基质内CXL对于常规激光屈光手术禁忌的患者是一种很有希望的治疗选择有多例进展性圆锥角膜患者在没有CXL的情况下接受SMILE治疗，这不是一个可行的选择。9,10其中一些建议的技术仍在研究中，不适合晚期圆锥角膜患者。jos伊格纳西奥·巴拉克医生(Dr. jos Ignacio Barraquer)描述的半月角膜切除术或“新月形角膜切除术”多年来一直用于改善透明边缘变性患者的高度散光或术后高度散光的角膜移植目前，这项技术只能手动执行。其结果不能重复，取决于外科医生的能力和经验。最近，卡里亚佐博士发表了用激光进行半月和环形切除术的发明。他继续了Barraquer博士的工作，但使用准分子激光代替，对圆锥角膜患者进行了更精确的半月形或环形切除术。他使用了为此目的而设计的面具，在面具上进行激光消融。他发表了他的很有希望的结果
{"title":"Annular keratectomy assisted by femto second laser: a case report","authors":"C. Orlich","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00314","url":null,"abstract":"keratoconus is a multifactorial corneal degeneration. It commonly presents with corneal thinning, irregular astigmatism and poor vision that generally does not improve with glasses and typically requires the use of contact lenses. It appears in pediatric patients, adolescents and young adults and very rarely presents itself in individuals older than 35.1 In developing countries, it is one of the principal indications for a full thickness corneal graft. In these countries, it is generally difficult to obtain tissue, generating long waiting lists for corneal transplants. Fortunately, the number of penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus has decreased in recent years thanks to earlier detection of the disease and new treatment options. Professor Theo Seiler discovered corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) at the end of the 1990’s at Dresden Technical University in Germany. The FDA has approved it in the US. It is indicated most in young patients with evidence of progressive keratoconus, the principal purpose of CXL is to avoid progression.2 The intracorneal segments may be very effective in regularizing the cornea and improving the astigmatic component, especially when assisted by the femtosecond laser. However, the spherical component, especially in regards to high degree myopia, is difficult to correct with this technique. Some surgeons combine the use of intracorneal segments with phakic lenses to achieve better UDVA.3 However, if the segments are implanted superficially or when the segments are near to the incision, they can extrude through the anterior corneal surface. In central keratoconus without leukoma or Vogt’s striae, 355° intracorneal segments may be indicated (Keraring, Mediphacos).4 However, in our experience, they remain near to the incision and extrude with greater frequency. For this reason, we reduced the arc to 340°. We do not have enough experience with these shorter segments to make a definitive comment. More than 50years ago, Professor José Ignacio Barraquer demonstrated the law of thickness. Based on this law, there exist two alternatives for flattening the central cornea and correcting myopia, or in this case keratoconus. The first alternative is to augment the peripheral corneal thickness, as the intracorneal segments or lenticule inclusions do in the periphery of the bag created with the femtosecond laser.5 The second alternative is to take out the tissue in the center of the cornea to flatten it.6 Combining the surface ablation with excimer laser (PRK), simultaneously guided by topography and CXL, is called the Athens Protocol. In a very select group of patients, positive results are being reported with keratoconus grade I or II with minor stable refraction at 6 D of spherical equivalent and pachymetry at 400 microns.7 Enrique Graue et al. in Mexico City describe the combination of SMILE and CXL as the “Aztec Protocol” to differentiate it from the Athens Protocol in which SMILE and CXL are combined to treat thwarted ker","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"79 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74577230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-09DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00313
W. Akioud, Taoufik Alabdellaoui
Mrs F. a 39 years old patient with a medical history of hypertension treated with beta blocker and of a type 2 diabetes treated with oral medication. She is referred to our department for chronic headaches, sight impairment, and a right eye proptosis evolving for a year and worsening over time without diplopia. The ocular examination of the right eye shows a visual acuity at 8/10 as well as a proptosis that is scaled grade I, axile, painful, non pulsatile and non reductible without any eye movement limitation. The right cornea suffered an exposure keratitis and the intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes (Figure 1). The right eye fund us showed no abnormalities; neither an optic nerve compression nor any choroid folds. A complete neurological examination was performed on the patient which was completely normal. The MRI scan shows a spheno orbital meningeal tumor highly in favor of an En plaque meningioma (Figure 2).The patient was admitted in the Neurosurgical department where she is to undergo a surgical resection followed by a spheno orbital reconstruction after getting the biopsy results. Figure 1 Right eye proptosis.
{"title":"A right eye exophthalmia revealing an en-plaque meningioma in spheno-orbital plate: a case report","authors":"W. Akioud, Taoufik Alabdellaoui","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00313","url":null,"abstract":"Mrs F. a 39 years old patient with a medical history of hypertension treated with beta blocker and of a type 2 diabetes treated with oral medication. She is referred to our department for chronic headaches, sight impairment, and a right eye proptosis evolving for a year and worsening over time without diplopia. The ocular examination of the right eye shows a visual acuity at 8/10 as well as a proptosis that is scaled grade I, axile, painful, non pulsatile and non reductible without any eye movement limitation. The right cornea suffered an exposure keratitis and the intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes (Figure 1). The right eye fund us showed no abnormalities; neither an optic nerve compression nor any choroid folds. A complete neurological examination was performed on the patient which was completely normal. The MRI scan shows a spheno orbital meningeal tumor highly in favor of an En plaque meningioma (Figure 2).The patient was admitted in the Neurosurgical department where she is to undergo a surgical resection followed by a spheno orbital reconstruction after getting the biopsy results. Figure 1 Right eye proptosis.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80358160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-09DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00312
Iman M Eissa
disease should be implemented in healthcare systems of populations with risk factors for glaucoma.1 POAG is characterized by glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field loss in the presence of an open anterior chamber angle. The disease usually has an adult onset, is usually bilateral, and has no specific symptoms except late when patients start losing their central vision.3 Recently, along with the clinical disc signs of glaucoma, Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the optic nerve head (retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex parameters) as well as central corneal thickness have been introduced as factors which can support or defer our diagnosis of glaucoma.4 A disc with a wide cup to disc ratio but normal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters on OCT is unlikely to be glaucomatous. A patient with a relatively thick cornea may give a false high intraocular pressure (Goldmann) reading, and thus is unlikely to be a suspect. The issue of who to consider a glaucoma suspect and which patient requires follow up is thus of crucial clinical importance. This article reports the results of a study done to screen for glaucoma suspects within a sample population of Egyptians at initial eye screening.
{"title":"Screening for glaucoma suspects in a sample of Egyptian population coming for general checkup","authors":"Iman M Eissa","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2018.08.00312","url":null,"abstract":"disease should be implemented in healthcare systems of populations with risk factors for glaucoma.1 POAG is characterized by glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field loss in the presence of an open anterior chamber angle. The disease usually has an adult onset, is usually bilateral, and has no specific symptoms except late when patients start losing their central vision.3 Recently, along with the clinical disc signs of glaucoma, Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the optic nerve head (retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex parameters) as well as central corneal thickness have been introduced as factors which can support or defer our diagnosis of glaucoma.4 A disc with a wide cup to disc ratio but normal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters on OCT is unlikely to be glaucomatous. A patient with a relatively thick cornea may give a false high intraocular pressure (Goldmann) reading, and thus is unlikely to be a suspect. The issue of who to consider a glaucoma suspect and which patient requires follow up is thus of crucial clinical importance. This article reports the results of a study done to screen for glaucoma suspects within a sample population of Egyptians at initial eye screening.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86902772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00311
Osama M. Elbassiouny, Ali Khalil Awadallah, Moataz A. Sallam, F. Soliman
Our study was performed between April 2017 and September 2017, at out-patients clinic (OPD) of Ophthalmic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. Fifty cases were included in this study. A diabetic group 25 cases (Ischemic & non Ischemic Maculopathy) with or/without macular edema. Detection was performed by Fluorescein Angiography (ZeissVisucam 500), Figure 1. Choroidal Thickness CT was evaluated by SS OCT, Figure 2. It provides sectoral analysis and follow-up of retinal pathologies involving the choroid. All SS-OCT examinations were performed between 12 pm and 2 pm to avoid any inclusion of diurnal variations in CT.3 The macular 3D scan (512X256 A scans/ 0.8 Sec), program of the built-in software was used for our measurements of retinal & Choroidal Thickness. Choroidal Thickness measurement included nine zones. Subfoveal (from the epithelium/Bruch’s membrane complex to the sclerochoroidal interface within 6mm) was measured using automatic analysis software. We analyzed for each of the eyes 9 regions of the macular zone in accordance with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Figure 3 Control group included 25 healthy adult individuals. Figure 4 shows details of retina and choroid as seen by SS-OCT. Figure 1 Fluorescein Angiography Zeiss-Visucam 500.
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