Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00355
B. Turgut
volume or amount by the cerebral edema or an intracranial spaceoccupying lesion such as brain tumor or hemorrhage or aneurysm; an increase of CSF production by choroid plexus; the decrease in the ventricular CSF outflow such as obstructive/non-communicating hydrocephalus or meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage; and a decrease in the CSF absorption by arachnoid villi or compromise of venous outflow (cavernous venous sinus thrombosis) or an elevation of intra-abdominal pressure resulting in an elevation in pleural pressure and cardiac filling pressure.3−6 The visual symptoms of papilledema include typically transient visual obscurations lasting seconds due to transient fluctuations in ONH perfusion. If it remains untreated, it can cause progressive irreversible visual loss and optic atrophy. The fundus findings of papilledema vary to its stages. Frisén scale for papilledema grading includes six stages ranging from ‘’0’’ to ‘’5’’:1,2,7
{"title":"Medication-induced papilledema","authors":"B. Turgut","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00355","url":null,"abstract":"volume or amount by the cerebral edema or an intracranial spaceoccupying lesion such as brain tumor or hemorrhage or aneurysm; an increase of CSF production by choroid plexus; the decrease in the ventricular CSF outflow such as obstructive/non-communicating hydrocephalus or meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage; and a decrease in the CSF absorption by arachnoid villi or compromise of venous outflow (cavernous venous sinus thrombosis) or an elevation of intra-abdominal pressure resulting in an elevation in pleural pressure and cardiac filling pressure.3−6 The visual symptoms of papilledema include typically transient visual obscurations lasting seconds due to transient fluctuations in ONH perfusion. If it remains untreated, it can cause progressive irreversible visual loss and optic atrophy. The fundus findings of papilledema vary to its stages. Frisén scale for papilledema grading includes six stages ranging from ‘’0’’ to ‘’5’’:1,2,7","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80699554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00352
Yüksel Demirci, M. Toker, E. Bozali, Ayşe Vural Özeç, Bahadır Çetin, A. Dursun, H. Erdogan, M. Arıcı, A. Topalkara
The quality of life following cataract surgery may be reduced in patients who become partially or completely dependent on eyeglasses. After cataract extraction and the implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens in patients with unilateral cataract, binocular visual functions can be compromised at intermediate and near vision. The main goal of multifocal IOL models is to restore both distance and near visual function. This improvement in the ability of reading is important in today’s information-based society.1,2 Multifocal IOLs are used to compensate for pseudophakic presbyopia and thus improving functional distance, near, and even intermediate vision.3−6 Beside offering good uncorrected near visual acuity in most cases,2,7,8 multifocal IOLs provide also better uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) than most of the monofocal IOLs. The design of multifocal IOLs depend on two optical principles: diffraction, refraction or a combination of diffraction and refraction.9 With the introduction of novel technologies, incoming light rays are distributed to two principal focal points, near vision and distance vision, or to several foci.3,5,10,11 However, several optical side effects including decreased contrast sensitivity, glare disability, or the presence of halos, were reported.8,10,12−18 These effects may significantly affect the patient’s visual performance due to decreased retinal image quality.5 In this study, we aimed to compare monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic monofocal ultraflex (UF) and monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic multifocal revision (RV) intraocular lens implantations on visual acuities and contrast sensitivities after bilateral cataract extraction.
{"title":"Comparison of visual functions and contrast sensitivities between monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic monofocal and monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic multifocal intraocular lenses","authors":"Yüksel Demirci, M. Toker, E. Bozali, Ayşe Vural Özeç, Bahadır Çetin, A. Dursun, H. Erdogan, M. Arıcı, A. Topalkara","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00352","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of life following cataract surgery may be reduced in patients who become partially or completely dependent on eyeglasses. After cataract extraction and the implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens in patients with unilateral cataract, binocular visual functions can be compromised at intermediate and near vision. The main goal of multifocal IOL models is to restore both distance and near visual function. This improvement in the ability of reading is important in today’s information-based society.1,2 Multifocal IOLs are used to compensate for pseudophakic presbyopia and thus improving functional distance, near, and even intermediate vision.3−6 Beside offering good uncorrected near visual acuity in most cases,2,7,8 multifocal IOLs provide also better uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) than most of the monofocal IOLs. The design of multifocal IOLs depend on two optical principles: diffraction, refraction or a combination of diffraction and refraction.9 With the introduction of novel technologies, incoming light rays are distributed to two principal focal points, near vision and distance vision, or to several foci.3,5,10,11 However, several optical side effects including decreased contrast sensitivity, glare disability, or the presence of halos, were reported.8,10,12−18 These effects may significantly affect the patient’s visual performance due to decreased retinal image quality.5 In this study, we aimed to compare monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic monofocal ultraflex (UF) and monoblock hydrophobic acryrlic multifocal revision (RV) intraocular lens implantations on visual acuities and contrast sensitivities after bilateral cataract extraction.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74849422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00351
B. Turgut
OMIM is first described in 1977 as iatrogenic photic maculopathy from light exposure of operating microscopy.1 Visible light (with 400-760 nm) can cause photic macular damage or maculopathy in various forms such as mechanical (photo-disruption), thermal (photocoagulation) and photo-biochemical (solar retinopathy and OMIM). It is considered that OMIM primarily results from photochemical reactions besides thermally enhanced phototoxic reactions from a microscopic illumination involving the outer segments of the photoreceptors and surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).1−4 Some mechanisms protecting the retina from damaging effects of excessive light include ocular reflexes of blinking and aversion, pupillary construction, absorption by the optical media of a majority of ultraviolet and infrared radiation, protection by xanthophyll pigments from blue light, protection from free radicals and other toxic products generated by the photochemical cascade by melanin. The usage of pupillary mydriatics and eyelid speculum is essential to perform the surgery. Thus, protection from OMIM by pupillary reflex and eyelid blinking is absent during the surgery.1−4 Risk factors for OMIM include the illumination intensity of the operating microscope, the duration of exposure to its light, dilated pupilla, ocular immobility during surgery, emmetropia, associated vascular disease (diabetes mellitus), clear optic media, hypo-pigmentary fundus, the use of hydrochlorothiazide, vitamin A, photosensitizing agents or the supplemental oxygen and deficiency of ascorbic acid. However, surgical time is, the most important causative factor.1−5 OMIM is clinically characterized by a small yellow spot at the fovea and by a central or para/peri-central scotoma and/or metamorphopsia or moderate visual loss occurring in one to four hours following light exposure and diminishing in a few weeks or months.1−6 Ophthalmoscopically diagnosis of OMIM is difficult because of lesion’s small size and normal foveal dense pigmentation.1−4,7,8 Spectral domain optical coherence tomography reveals a loss of the hyperreflective IS OS layer of the central fovea manifesting as an outer lamellar cystic lesion under the fovea as similar to solar maculopathy.9-11 During the operation, to obtain the reduced surgical time and light intensity, and to avoid the use of local or general anesthesia but not topical, minimal utilization of coaxial illumination or the usage of oblique illumination in the light of the operating microscope, the usage of corneal covering with adequate built-in filters in the periods which surgical intervention disrupted and minimal use of supplemental oxygen in young patients can reduce OMIM risk. Topical anesthesia should be the choice for surgery at adequate cases because it provides the continuity of ocular movements and the distribution of the toxic effects of the light. During a vitrectomy, additionally, it is also recommended maintaining a prudent distance between the so
{"title":"Operating microscope induced maculopathy","authors":"B. Turgut","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00351","url":null,"abstract":"OMIM is first described in 1977 as iatrogenic photic maculopathy from light exposure of operating microscopy.1 Visible light (with 400-760 nm) can cause photic macular damage or maculopathy in various forms such as mechanical (photo-disruption), thermal (photocoagulation) and photo-biochemical (solar retinopathy and OMIM). It is considered that OMIM primarily results from photochemical reactions besides thermally enhanced phototoxic reactions from a microscopic illumination involving the outer segments of the photoreceptors and surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).1−4 Some mechanisms protecting the retina from damaging effects of excessive light include ocular reflexes of blinking and aversion, pupillary construction, absorption by the optical media of a majority of ultraviolet and infrared radiation, protection by xanthophyll pigments from blue light, protection from free radicals and other toxic products generated by the photochemical cascade by melanin. The usage of pupillary mydriatics and eyelid speculum is essential to perform the surgery. Thus, protection from OMIM by pupillary reflex and eyelid blinking is absent during the surgery.1−4 Risk factors for OMIM include the illumination intensity of the operating microscope, the duration of exposure to its light, dilated pupilla, ocular immobility during surgery, emmetropia, associated vascular disease (diabetes mellitus), clear optic media, hypo-pigmentary fundus, the use of hydrochlorothiazide, vitamin A, photosensitizing agents or the supplemental oxygen and deficiency of ascorbic acid. However, surgical time is, the most important causative factor.1−5 OMIM is clinically characterized by a small yellow spot at the fovea and by a central or para/peri-central scotoma and/or metamorphopsia or moderate visual loss occurring in one to four hours following light exposure and diminishing in a few weeks or months.1−6 Ophthalmoscopically diagnosis of OMIM is difficult because of lesion’s small size and normal foveal dense pigmentation.1−4,7,8 Spectral domain optical coherence tomography reveals a loss of the hyperreflective IS OS layer of the central fovea manifesting as an outer lamellar cystic lesion under the fovea as similar to solar maculopathy.9-11 During the operation, to obtain the reduced surgical time and light intensity, and to avoid the use of local or general anesthesia but not topical, minimal utilization of coaxial illumination or the usage of oblique illumination in the light of the operating microscope, the usage of corneal covering with adequate built-in filters in the periods which surgical intervention disrupted and minimal use of supplemental oxygen in young patients can reduce OMIM risk. Topical anesthesia should be the choice for surgery at adequate cases because it provides the continuity of ocular movements and the distribution of the toxic effects of the light. During a vitrectomy, additionally, it is also recommended maintaining a prudent distance between the so","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86537981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-17DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00349
Rabia Saeed
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease with devastating effects characterized by increased high glucose level due to defect in insulin production, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the cell in the body has resistance to insulin.1 The most common type of diabetes is type 1 (5%) and type 2 diabetes is (95%). The estimated number of people over 18 years of age with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes is 30.2 million in the United States.2 Among the most populated countries of the world Pakistan ranks eighth in the prevalence of diabetes. In Pakistan about 6.2 million populations are suffering from diabetes and one in every third diabetic patients has diabetic eye disease.3 The diabetes mellitus disturbs the physiology of the retinal cells and its pathogenesis. Retinal neuro-degeneration such as alteration in the retinal ganglion cells and inner retinal neurons can cause various forms of visual defects such as decreased contrast sensitivity and impaired color vision and temporal perception. All these changes occur before changes in vascular morphology and visual acuity.4 Approximately 7-29% of diabetic patients attending general medical outpatient department have diabetic retinopathy and two-thirds of diabetic have an increased risk of visual impairment.5 According to the World Health organization there are 285 million people are visually impaired and contrast sensitivity is one of the most common leading cause of visual impairment. Worldwide, Diabetic retinopathy with impaired vision, decrease color vision and contrast sensitivity is the leading cause of legal blindness, Between 20 to 74 year of age but it can be prevented through proper glycemic control.4
{"title":"Evaluation of color vision and contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients without retinopathy","authors":"Rabia Saeed","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00349","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a common disease with devastating effects characterized by increased high glucose level due to defect in insulin production, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the cell in the body has resistance to insulin.1 The most common type of diabetes is type 1 (5%) and type 2 diabetes is (95%). The estimated number of people over 18 years of age with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes is 30.2 million in the United States.2 Among the most populated countries of the world Pakistan ranks eighth in the prevalence of diabetes. In Pakistan about 6.2 million populations are suffering from diabetes and one in every third diabetic patients has diabetic eye disease.3 The diabetes mellitus disturbs the physiology of the retinal cells and its pathogenesis. Retinal neuro-degeneration such as alteration in the retinal ganglion cells and inner retinal neurons can cause various forms of visual defects such as decreased contrast sensitivity and impaired color vision and temporal perception. All these changes occur before changes in vascular morphology and visual acuity.4 Approximately 7-29% of diabetic patients attending general medical outpatient department have diabetic retinopathy and two-thirds of diabetic have an increased risk of visual impairment.5 According to the World Health organization there are 285 million people are visually impaired and contrast sensitivity is one of the most common leading cause of visual impairment. Worldwide, Diabetic retinopathy with impaired vision, decrease color vision and contrast sensitivity is the leading cause of legal blindness, Between 20 to 74 year of age but it can be prevented through proper glycemic control.4","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89478648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-17DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00348
I. Iqbal, Rabia Saeed, Javaria Asif Bajwa, Sadia Falak
Accommodative esotropia is considered as an inward deviation of the eyes that has associations with accommodation reflex activation. It can be ruled out with decrease in inward deviation with use of full spectaclecycloplegic correction and the residual distance and near esodeviation are smaller then 8-10 diopters. Patient with refractive accommodativeesotropiausually have good binocular functions only if the eyes are aligned by correcting hyperopia.1−3 It is found that anisometropia, longer duration of esodeviation4, and residual esodeviation5−6 are associated with poor type of stereopsis. But we still do not know clearly about the factors associated with stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropia. And the criteria to achieve best and normal binocular sensory functions have yet to establish. This study will investigate the associated factors of stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropic patients.
{"title":"Stereopsis in patients of refractive accomodative Esotropia","authors":"I. Iqbal, Rabia Saeed, Javaria Asif Bajwa, Sadia Falak","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00348","url":null,"abstract":"Accommodative esotropia is considered as an inward deviation of the eyes that has associations with accommodation reflex activation. It can be ruled out with decrease in inward deviation with use of full spectaclecycloplegic correction and the residual distance and near esodeviation are smaller then 8-10 diopters. Patient with refractive accommodativeesotropiausually have good binocular functions only if the eyes are aligned by correcting hyperopia.1−3 It is found that anisometropia, longer duration of esodeviation4, and residual esodeviation5−6 are associated with poor type of stereopsis. But we still do not know clearly about the factors associated with stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropia. And the criteria to achieve best and normal binocular sensory functions have yet to establish. This study will investigate the associated factors of stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropic patients.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77214135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00347
VO Sokolov, RV Ershova, KA Kechek
Purpose: We aimed to develop our own method for estimating the parameters of accommodation charts received with Auto Refract-Keratometer Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1 instrument. To find out the main types of accommodative response in myopic and emmetropic school children with different degrees of refractive error. To determine the values of developed parameters for different variants of the accommodative response. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the «City Eye Out- patient Consulting Center for Children & Adults №7» in Saint-Petersburg (Russia). We aimed to develop our own quantitative assessment program for the accommodative response data received with the Auto Refract-Keratometer Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1 instrument. 2321 children and teenagers aged from
{"title":"Computer accommodation: estimation of accommodation response state of metropolis school children","authors":"VO Sokolov, RV Ershova, KA Kechek","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00347","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We aimed to develop our own method for estimating the parameters of accommodation charts received with Auto Refract-Keratometer Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1 instrument. To find out the main types of accommodative response in myopic and emmetropic school children with different degrees of refractive error. To determine the values of developed parameters for different variants of the accommodative response. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the «City Eye Out- patient Consulting Center for Children & Adults №7» in Saint-Petersburg (Russia). We aimed to develop our own quantitative assessment program for the accommodative response data received with the Auto Refract-Keratometer Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1 instrument. 2321 children and teenagers aged from","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00341
Adriana do Couto Leitão Guerra, P. Witt, B. Deschamps, R. L. Guerra, O. O. Maia
Male patient, 12years old, soccer player, with history of blunt trauma in the right eye with soccer ball 6months ago, attending with low visual acuity (LVA) of this same eye. At ophthalmologic examination showed visual acuity of count finger at 1meter in the right eye (OD) and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). Biomicroscopy without abnormality and tonometry within normal limits in both eyes. At funduscopy, the patient had a macular hole in the OD and an examination compatible with normality in OS.
{"title":"Surgical treatment of traumatic macular hole - Two case reports","authors":"Adriana do Couto Leitão Guerra, P. Witt, B. Deschamps, R. L. Guerra, O. O. Maia","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2019.09.00341","url":null,"abstract":"Male patient, 12years old, soccer player, with history of blunt trauma in the right eye with soccer ball 6months ago, attending with low visual acuity (LVA) of this same eye. At ophthalmologic examination showed visual acuity of count finger at 1meter in the right eye (OD) and 20/20 in the left eye (OS). Biomicroscopy without abnormality and tonometry within normal limits in both eyes. At funduscopy, the patient had a macular hole in the OD and an examination compatible with normality in OS.","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90572131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：