Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4361
J. Fondop, Koagne Foagouo, Dikongue Dikongue Fred, A. Faustin, D. C. Alain, M. Mathieu, Fuentes Stéphane, Djientcheu Vincent de Paul, S. Fuentes
Post traumatic epilepsy are frequent complications of moderate and severe head injuries, they are found in hemorrhagic contusions and hematomas. Several isolated or associated mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of these convulsions (increased inflammatory markers, neuronal cell death, altered blood-brain barrier, changes in astrocytes, and glucose metabolism dysregulation changes in synaptic abundance and function).The first attacks can occur more than 2 years after the head trauma or after cranial surgery. Preventive treatment does not change the course of the disease. Treatment with Valproate and levetiracetam were also compared to phenytoin and no benefit was found in recovery. The particularity of our patient is the severe head trauma, with regressive frontal contusion with secular lesions, followed by the appearance at nearly three and a half months of the trauma of a fronto-parietal extradural hematoma with mass effect which resolved spontaneously. Two and three years after the trauma, he developed generalized epilepsy, suggesting post-traumatic epilepsy following the sequelae of the hemorrhagic contusion or the extradural hematoma, or the sequelae of these associated lesions. These seizures were treated with sodium valproate. This clinical case challenges clinicians to monitor in severe head injuries the occurrence of complications such as epilepsy that can occur beyond 2 years.
{"title":"Post Traumatic Epilepsy with Sequel of Frontal Contusion and Spontaneous Regression of Extradural Hematoma; Clinical Case and Review of the Literature","authors":"J. Fondop, Koagne Foagouo, Dikongue Dikongue Fred, A. Faustin, D. C. Alain, M. Mathieu, Fuentes Stéphane, Djientcheu Vincent de Paul, S. Fuentes","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4361","url":null,"abstract":"Post traumatic epilepsy are frequent complications of moderate and severe head injuries, they are found in hemorrhagic contusions and hematomas. Several isolated or associated mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of these convulsions (increased inflammatory markers, neuronal cell death, altered blood-brain barrier, changes in astrocytes, and glucose metabolism dysregulation changes in synaptic abundance and function).The first attacks can occur more than 2 years after the head trauma or after cranial surgery. Preventive treatment does not change the course of the disease. Treatment with Valproate and levetiracetam were also compared to phenytoin and no benefit was found in recovery. \u0000The particularity of our patient is the severe head trauma, with regressive frontal contusion with secular lesions, followed by the appearance at nearly three and a half months of the trauma of a fronto-parietal extradural hematoma with mass effect which resolved spontaneously. Two and three years after the trauma, he developed generalized epilepsy, suggesting post-traumatic epilepsy following the sequelae of the hemorrhagic contusion or the extradural hematoma, or the sequelae of these associated lesions. These seizures were treated with sodium valproate. This clinical case challenges clinicians to monitor in severe head injuries the occurrence of complications such as epilepsy that can occur beyond 2 years.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44656395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4360
Brandon Presley, Kimberly Morton Cuthrell
Global health attention is necessary to improve the prison population mental and physical health because limited public health ramifications and inmates’ psychological effects impose many strains on community preventive measures and prison rehabilitation. Though some prisoners are younger than the general population, the jail population often has the worse health. Many have considerable mental and physical health needs as a result of social and economic poverty. Since many prisoners have histories of tobacco use and alcohol or drugs, many of these risk patterns result in addictions that are tied to unhealthy lifestyles. Prior contact with mental health, substance use or medical services typically was very limited or absent due to lack of access to treatment, diminished resources, barriers for the uninsured and underserved, financial stability to afford care, stigma, or reluctance to focus on self-care. There are certain mental health disorders and infectious diseases that are prevalent in prisoners and should be addressed. Many prisoners have serious, debilitating mental and physical conditions that go untreated or undiagnosed while they are incarcerated. Prior to being incarcerated, If crime and incarceration are to be decreased and rehabilitative efforts are increased to deter re-incarceration, preventive measures are necessary that include community mental and medical services accessibility and affordability while availability of such services are provided in prison and coordination of care of evidence-based therapy and infection-control strategies are highly recommended before the inmate returns to the community. This review covers most common mental and physical health issues and their management for inmates because few research has explored how having a mental health disorder compound with a physical ailment affects an inmate’s behavior while advocating for human rights-informed strategies for the treatment of people in the criminal justice system.
{"title":"Mental and Physical Well Being in Prisoners","authors":"Brandon Presley, Kimberly Morton Cuthrell","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4360","url":null,"abstract":"Global health attention is necessary to improve the prison population mental and physical health because limited public health ramifications and inmates’ psychological effects impose many strains on community preventive measures and prison rehabilitation. Though some prisoners are younger than the general population, the jail population often has the worse health. Many have considerable mental and physical health needs as a result of social and economic poverty. Since many prisoners have histories of tobacco use and alcohol or drugs, many of these risk patterns result in addictions that are tied to unhealthy lifestyles. Prior contact with mental health, substance use or medical services typically was very limited or absent due to lack of access to treatment, diminished resources, barriers for the uninsured and underserved, financial stability to afford care, stigma, or reluctance to focus on self-care. There are certain mental health disorders and infectious diseases that are prevalent in prisoners and should be addressed. Many prisoners have serious, debilitating mental and physical conditions that go untreated or undiagnosed while they are incarcerated. Prior to being incarcerated, If crime and incarceration are to be decreased and rehabilitative efforts are increased to deter re-incarceration, preventive measures are necessary that include community mental and medical services accessibility and affordability while availability of such services are provided in prison and coordination of care of evidence-based therapy and infection-control strategies are highly recommended before the inmate returns to the community. This review covers most common mental and physical health issues and their management for inmates because few research has explored how having a mental health disorder compound with a physical ailment affects an inmate’s behavior while advocating for human rights-informed strategies for the treatment of people in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4359
C. Elendu, Chiagozie P. Ayabazu, Abasi-Okot A. Udoyen, Nnenna O. Kalu-Udeh, Olisa S. Okabekwa, Rachel E. Dada, Precious A. Ante, Emmanuel O. Egbunu, Michael C. Eze, Geraldine C. Okafor, Joy M. Enyong, Blessing N. Bassey, Joy H. Avong, Anietienteabasi O. Okongko
Alcohol withdrawal is a clinical state characterized by symptoms such as tremors, tachycardia, sweating, nausea and vomiting, headache, malaise, insomnia, grand mal convulsions amongst others. Patients typically present acutely with a history of recent cessation or reduction of heavy alcohol use after a long period of repeated, persistent use. It may feature perceptual disturbances such as illusions or hallucinations. It may present with delirium in a condition known as delirium tremens, which typically occurs after recent cessation or reduction of very heavy alcohol use in patients with a long-standing history of alcohol dependence syndrome, who may also have coexisting medical conditions. We herein report a case of a 40 year old man, with a 12-month history of persistent alcohol use, who presented with classical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal including inability to sleep, excessive sweating, tachycardia, vomiting, and hallucinations. There is no associated history of convulsions or co-morbid medical conditions. Features of this case are discussed, as well as evaluation and treatment of alcohol withdrawal.
{"title":"Substance Use Disorder: A Case of Alcohol Withdrawal in a 40 Year Old Man","authors":"C. Elendu, Chiagozie P. Ayabazu, Abasi-Okot A. Udoyen, Nnenna O. Kalu-Udeh, Olisa S. Okabekwa, Rachel E. Dada, Precious A. Ante, Emmanuel O. Egbunu, Michael C. Eze, Geraldine C. Okafor, Joy M. Enyong, Blessing N. Bassey, Joy H. Avong, Anietienteabasi O. Okongko","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4359","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol withdrawal is a clinical state characterized by symptoms such as tremors, tachycardia, sweating, nausea and vomiting, headache, malaise, insomnia, grand mal convulsions amongst others. Patients typically present acutely with a history of recent cessation or reduction of heavy alcohol use after a long period of repeated, persistent use. It may feature perceptual disturbances such as illusions or hallucinations. It may present with delirium in a condition known as delirium tremens, which typically occurs after recent cessation or reduction of very heavy alcohol use in patients with a long-standing history of alcohol dependence syndrome, who may also have coexisting medical conditions. We herein report a case of a 40 year old man, with a 12-month history of persistent alcohol use, who presented with classical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal including inability to sleep, excessive sweating, tachycardia, vomiting, and hallucinations. There is no associated history of convulsions or co-morbid medical conditions. Features of this case are discussed, as well as evaluation and treatment of alcohol withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43042224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4358
Hanadi Alnageeb, Amal Al Maeeni, Ashraf Alakkad, A. Qaidy, R. Bhat
Background: Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical problem resulting from abrupt pituitary ischemia or hemorrhage. A small proportion of pituitary adenomas manifest as an apoplectic crisis, with pan hypopituitarism, vomiting, nausea, headache, ophthalmoplegia, and visual impairment being the most common symptoms. Case Report: A 32-year-old diabetic Asian male presented to the emergency department with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, persistent vomiting, and diffused abdominal pain. He also reported a recent fever and severe headache, as well as self-limited episodes of blurring of vision and diplopia three months prior. Upon admission, his vitals were stable and he was fully conscious and oriented, though irritable and anxious. On examination, he was found to have third cranial nerve palsy and a dilated pupil with no light reflex. Laboratory tests revealed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A CT scan of the brain revealed a possible invasive pituitary macro adenoma and the patient was referred for further evaluation. He also tested positive for COVID-19. Treatment for DKA was initiated and an MRI scan was scheduled for further evaluation. However, the patient's condition worsened and he was transferred to the ICU, where he was intubated and an MRI indicated a hemorrhagic mass in the pituitary gland. The patient was diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy, and he also received treatment with antibiotics and antiviral medication for suspected encephalitis. Conclusion: Pituitary apoplexy is a serious condition that requires immediate evaluation and treatment. It can cause permanent damage or death if left untreated. Treatment options include surgery and conservative management with frequent monitoring.
{"title":"An Unexpected Headache: Pituitary Apoplexy in a Patient Admitted with Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA)","authors":"Hanadi Alnageeb, Amal Al Maeeni, Ashraf Alakkad, A. Qaidy, R. Bhat","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4358","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pituitary apoplexy is a clinical problem resulting from abrupt pituitary ischemia or hemorrhage. A small proportion of pituitary adenomas manifest as an apoplectic crisis, with pan hypopituitarism, vomiting, nausea, headache, ophthalmoplegia, and visual impairment being the most common symptoms. \u0000Case Report: A 32-year-old diabetic Asian male presented to the emergency department with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, persistent vomiting, and diffused abdominal pain. He also reported a recent fever and severe headache, as well as self-limited episodes of blurring of vision and diplopia three months prior. Upon admission, his vitals were stable and he was fully conscious and oriented, though irritable and anxious. On examination, he was found to have third cranial nerve palsy and a dilated pupil with no light reflex. Laboratory tests revealed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A CT scan of the brain revealed a possible invasive pituitary macro adenoma and the patient was referred for further evaluation. He also tested positive for COVID-19. Treatment for DKA was initiated and an MRI scan was scheduled for further evaluation. However, the patient's condition worsened and he was transferred to the ICU, where he was intubated and an MRI indicated a hemorrhagic mass in the pituitary gland. The patient was diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy, and he also received treatment with antibiotics and antiviral medication for suspected encephalitis. \u0000Conclusion: Pituitary apoplexy is a serious condition that requires immediate evaluation and treatment. It can cause permanent damage or death if left untreated. Treatment options include surgery and conservative management with frequent monitoring.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4357
Akhil Arun, A. M, Bulla Karunya, Thendral R., B. Milton, Vinod K. Matthew
Background: The world population has been greatly affected by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic and the related financial, civil, psychological and mental health consequences. Considering the significance of QOL, it is imperative to consider the effects of the pandemic on the population. The study was designed to compare the psychological Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare and non- healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare and non-healthcare workers and a structured questionnaire was circulated in goggle forms via emails and social networking sites. Results: The mean score for four QOL domains was 58.82 ±15.56, 56.45 ±15.52, 59.08 ±19.03 and 51.42 ±15.51, respectively. Among participants, (31.3%) had Minimal Depression,(33.4%) Mild depression, (24.7%) Moderate depression and (8.8%) had moderate-severe depression .Healthcare workers were found to be more depressed (34%) at a moderate level of depression and (11%) at severe depression while (11%) of non-Healthcare workers show moderate depression and 12 (5%) show moderately severe depression. Conclusions: The study depicted the detrimental impact of the pandemic on the population, with healthcare workers being more affected by the pandemic and this study calls for use of appropriate psychological intervention to address the mental health needs of the population.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Workers Using WHO-QOL BREF and PHQ-9 Scale- An Indian Nationwide Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Akhil Arun, A. M, Bulla Karunya, Thendral R., B. Milton, Vinod K. Matthew","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i4357","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world population has been greatly affected by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic and the related financial, civil, psychological and mental health consequences. Considering the significance of QOL, it is imperative to consider the effects of the pandemic on the population. The study was designed to compare the psychological Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare and non- healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare and non-healthcare workers and a structured questionnaire was circulated in goggle forms via emails and social networking sites. \u0000Results: The mean score for four QOL domains was 58.82 ±15.56, 56.45 ±15.52, 59.08 ±19.03 and 51.42 ±15.51, respectively. Among participants, (31.3%) had Minimal Depression,(33.4%) Mild depression, (24.7%) Moderate depression and (8.8%) had moderate-severe depression .Healthcare workers were found to be more depressed (34%) at a moderate level of depression and (11%) at severe depression while (11%) of non-Healthcare workers show moderate depression and 12 (5%) show moderately severe depression. \u0000Conclusions: The study depicted the detrimental impact of the pandemic on the population, with healthcare workers being more affected by the pandemic and this study calls for use of appropriate psychological intervention to address the mental health needs of the population.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43685966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3356
Fayrouz Moidu, Sujith Ovallath
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is in clinical use for more than three decades and its indications are ever expanding. Conventionally DBS is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), tremor and dystonia, and has been approved by FDA. It has been tried in several other indications with encouraging results. Recently a DBS device has been approved for use in intractable epilepsy. DBS is giving promising results for use in obesity, trigeminal vascular cephalalgias, and Tourette syndrome and post stroke rehabilitation. Many psychiatric conditions like depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa and substance abuse can be controlled with DBS when conventional medical treatment fails to relieve the symptoms. Newer techniques in DBS like directional leads, variable frequency stimulation, newer target identifications, Newer MRI compatible devices, remote programming, newer DBS recording electrodes that can be used in finding out the pathophysiology of disease is also discussed.
{"title":"Deep Brain Stimulation-Emerging Indications and Newer Techniques: A Current Perspective","authors":"Fayrouz Moidu, Sujith Ovallath","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3356","url":null,"abstract":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is in clinical use for more than three decades and its indications are ever expanding. Conventionally DBS is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), tremor and dystonia, and has been approved by FDA. It has been tried in several other indications with encouraging results. Recently a DBS device has been approved for use in intractable epilepsy. DBS is giving promising results for use in obesity, trigeminal vascular cephalalgias, and Tourette syndrome and post stroke rehabilitation. Many psychiatric conditions like depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa and substance abuse can be controlled with DBS when conventional medical treatment fails to relieve the symptoms. Newer techniques in DBS like directional leads, variable frequency stimulation, newer target identifications, Newer MRI compatible devices, remote programming, newer DBS recording electrodes that can be used in finding out the pathophysiology of disease is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48825506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-24DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3355
Felix Keneolisa Asogwa, Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude
Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder characterized by a bizarre feelings, sensations, and behaviors. Muscle spasms, convulsions, and loss of consciousness occasionally from epileptic seizures. Neuronal dependent on neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In this review, we discussed epilepsy and its therapies, placing particular emphasis on some medicinal plants and their mechanism of action. The majority of herbal remedies that are both tested for anticonvulsant activity and utilized in ethno medicine to treat epilepsy were reported. The findings demonstrate that active components extracted from medicinal plants can prevent and treat neuronal disorder.
{"title":"Anticonvulsant Activity of Some Medicinal Plants: A Review","authors":"Felix Keneolisa Asogwa, Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3355","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder characterized by a bizarre feelings, sensations, and behaviors. Muscle spasms, convulsions, and loss of consciousness occasionally from epileptic seizures. Neuronal dependent on neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In this review, we discussed epilepsy and its therapies, placing particular emphasis on some medicinal plants and their mechanism of action. The majority of herbal remedies that are both tested for anticonvulsant activity and utilized in ethno medicine to treat epilepsy were reported. The findings demonstrate that active components extracted from medicinal plants can prevent and treat neuronal disorder.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3354
Kimberly Morton Cuthrell
Nutritional psychiatry advancements are needed in understanding the effects of food nutrients on co-occurring psychiatric conditions particularly bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Food nutrients contribute to the increase and decrease of symptoms in psychiatric conditions. Bipolar disorder and PTSD are frequently co-occurring and significantly impact moods, how the brain processes information, and psychological stressors. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and PTSD experience increased risks of suicide and are more likely to have unhealthy dietary habits. Understanding the appropriate nutrients to consume and avoid may contribute to promising outcomes for psychiatric conditions. Advancements in awareness of food nutrition are necessary to manage not only psychiatric conditions but also medical conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids, minerals (magnesium and zinc), pro-biotics, B vitamins, vitamins C and D, large neutral amino acids, specifically tryptophan and tyrosine, and branched-chained amino acids, antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, and fatty acids have been linked to improved outcomes in the management of bipolar disorder and PTSD symptoms. Foods associated with poor prognosis have been linked to caffeine, alcohol, sugar, salt, processed foods, and artificial additives. This research contributes to the body of literature by exploring a link between food nutrients and bipolar disorder and PTSD because no known study has explored a co-occurring treatment intervention for such psychiatric conditions, and introduces the Nutritional Psychiatry Integrated Framework (NPIF)with a patient-centered focus which makes this research compelling. Advancements in understanding the effects of nutritional psychiatry associated with symptoms of bipolar disorder and PTSD may introduce innovative dietary and psychological treatment approaches.
{"title":"Nutritional Psychiatry Integrated Framework: Exploration of Nutrition and Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"Kimberly Morton Cuthrell","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3354","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional psychiatry advancements are needed in understanding the effects of food nutrients on co-occurring psychiatric conditions particularly bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Food nutrients contribute to the increase and decrease of symptoms in psychiatric conditions. Bipolar disorder and PTSD are frequently co-occurring and significantly impact moods, how the brain processes information, and psychological stressors. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and PTSD experience increased risks of suicide and are more likely to have unhealthy dietary habits. Understanding the appropriate nutrients to consume and avoid may contribute to promising outcomes for psychiatric conditions. Advancements in awareness of food nutrition are necessary to manage not only psychiatric conditions but also medical conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids, minerals (magnesium and zinc), pro-biotics, B vitamins, vitamins C and D, large neutral amino acids, specifically tryptophan and tyrosine, and branched-chained amino acids, antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, and fatty acids have been linked to improved outcomes in the management of bipolar disorder and PTSD symptoms. Foods associated with poor prognosis have been linked to caffeine, alcohol, sugar, salt, processed foods, and artificial additives. This research contributes to the body of literature by exploring a link between food nutrients and bipolar disorder and PTSD because no known study has explored a co-occurring treatment intervention for such psychiatric conditions, and introduces the Nutritional Psychiatry Integrated Framework (NPIF)with a patient-centered focus which makes this research compelling. Advancements in understanding the effects of nutritional psychiatry associated with symptoms of bipolar disorder and PTSD may introduce innovative dietary and psychological treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42788088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3351
A. Oyewole, Olufunmilayo Olowokandi
Background: There are many challenges facing old people’s home care services in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, with rates of functional impairment in older populations exceeding those in other parts of the globe. The prevalence of mental illness especially among the elderly has been projected to increase significantly in the years ahead. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with psychiatry disorders among inmates of old people home in Nigeria. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design conducted among eighty-five respondents from inmates of old people’s homes, in Yaba, Lagos, selected using a purposive non-probability sampling technique. The instruments used include Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and SCID-II Sociodemographic data were obtained via questionnaire and participation was by informed consent. Results: Of the total respondents, 38.8% were between the age category of 75-84 years. Only 2(2.4%) still had a spouse, 23(27.1%) were divorced and 58(68.2%) were widowers. Also, only 18(21.2%) had a personal source of income while most 76(89.4%) depend on financial support with the majority 36(42.4%) mainly from family and voluntary donations. It was observed that 75.3% had psychiatric morbidity among which 48.2% had Dementia, 16.5% had Schizophrenia and only 10.6% were diagnosed with Depression. Conclusion: This study lends credence to the fact that aging brings with it certain health challenges that may affect their well-being, especially in developing countries where socioeconomic ado poses significant setbacks in the care of the elderly. In view of the challenges identified among the residents of the old people’s home in Yaba; it is pertinent that efforts must be geared towards the establishment of qualitative medical facilities, especially for those with recognized physical or mental health challenges and poor socioeconomic status to cushion the effect of Mental illness.
{"title":"Determinants of Psychiatric Disorders among Residents of an Old Peoples’ Home in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. Oyewole, Olufunmilayo Olowokandi","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are many challenges facing old people’s home care services in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, with rates of functional impairment in older populations exceeding those in other parts of the globe. The prevalence of mental illness especially among the elderly has been projected to increase significantly in the years ahead. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with psychiatry disorders among inmates of old people home in Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design conducted among eighty-five respondents from inmates of old people’s homes, in Yaba, Lagos, selected using a purposive non-probability sampling technique. The instruments used include Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and SCID-II Sociodemographic data were obtained via questionnaire and participation was by informed consent. \u0000Results: Of the total respondents, 38.8% were between the age category of 75-84 years. Only 2(2.4%) still had a spouse, 23(27.1%) were divorced and 58(68.2%) were widowers. Also, only 18(21.2%) had a personal source of income while most 76(89.4%) depend on financial support with the majority 36(42.4%) mainly from family and voluntary donations. It was observed that 75.3% had psychiatric morbidity among which 48.2% had Dementia, 16.5% had Schizophrenia and only 10.6% were diagnosed with Depression. \u0000Conclusion: This study lends credence to the fact that aging brings with it certain health challenges that may affect their well-being, especially in developing countries where socioeconomic ado poses significant setbacks in the care of the elderly. In view of the challenges identified among the residents of the old people’s home in Yaba; it is pertinent that efforts must be geared towards the establishment of qualitative medical facilities, especially for those with recognized physical or mental health challenges and poor socioeconomic status to cushion the effect of Mental illness.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42261688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3350
Adedeji Okikiade, Aromedonghene Osharode, Natalie Aremu, K. U. Chibuike, Damisola Ogunesan, Olojede Olubunmi
Kluver Bucy Syndrome (KBS) was initially reported by Sanger Brown and Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer. In 1939, a bilateral temporal lobectomy was conducted on a Rhesus monkey named Aurora. Three weeks after this procedure, Aurora began to exhibit behavioral changes. These behavioral changes exhibited by Aurora were observed and recorded by Paul Clancy Bucy, a neurosurgeon, and Heinrich Kluver, a neuropsychiatrist; these behavioral changes were given the name Kluver-Bucy syndrome. The first human Kluver-Bucy case was diagnosed in 1955 in a 22-year-old male patient. Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disease that usually occurs after bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobes. The syndrome is mainly seen in adults, male and female equally. However, although the syndrome can also be seen in children, the symptoms in children are slightly different from how the symptoms manifest in adults. There are a plethora of etiologies and manifestations of KBS, but it most commonly manifests as a triad of hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperphagia. The diagnosis of KBS is primarily centered around the identification of damages to the medial lobe of the brain using signs and symptoms, imaging studies, and most importantly, Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI). It is also essential to rule out and confirm possible differentials and etiologies during the management of KBS. KBS has no known cure, but the various manifestations can be ameliorated with medications like antidepressants and antipsychotics. The prognosis is generally poor for KBS.
Kluver - Bucy综合征(KBS)最早由Sanger Brown和Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer报道。1939年，对一只名叫奥罗拉的恒河猴进行了双侧颞叶切除术。手术后三周，奥罗拉开始表现出行为上的变化。神经外科医生保罗·克兰西·布西和神经精神病学家海因里希·克鲁弗观察并记录了奥罗拉表现出的这些行为变化;这些行为变化被命名为Kluver-Bucy综合征。第一例人类Kluver-Bucy病例于1955年在一名22岁的男性患者中被诊断出来。Kluver-Bucy综合征(KBS)是一种复杂的神经精神疾病，通常发生在双侧内侧颞叶损伤后。该综合征主要见于成年人，男女平等。然而，虽然该综合征也可以在儿童中看到，但儿童的症状与成人的症状表现略有不同。KBS的病因和表现多种多样，但最常见的表现是性欲亢进、性欲亢进和贪食症。KBS的诊断主要是通过体征和症状，影像学检查，最重要的是磁共振成像(MRI)来识别大脑内侧叶的损伤。在KBS的管理过程中，排除和确认可能的鉴别和病因也很重要。KBS没有已知的治疗方法，但可以通过抗抑郁药和抗精神病药等药物改善各种症状。KBS的预后通常很差。
{"title":"Kluver Bucy Syndrome: An Overview of the Clinical Interplay","authors":"Adedeji Okikiade, Aromedonghene Osharode, Natalie Aremu, K. U. Chibuike, Damisola Ogunesan, Olojede Olubunmi","doi":"10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2022/v18i3350","url":null,"abstract":"Kluver Bucy Syndrome (KBS) was initially reported by Sanger Brown and Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer. In 1939, a bilateral temporal lobectomy was conducted on a Rhesus monkey named Aurora. Three weeks after this procedure, Aurora began to exhibit behavioral changes. These behavioral changes exhibited by Aurora were observed and recorded by Paul Clancy Bucy, a neurosurgeon, and Heinrich Kluver, a neuropsychiatrist; these behavioral changes were given the name Kluver-Bucy syndrome. The first human Kluver-Bucy case was diagnosed in 1955 in a 22-year-old male patient. \u0000Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disease that usually occurs after bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobes. The syndrome is mainly seen in adults, male and female equally. However, although the syndrome can also be seen in children, the symptoms in children are slightly different from how the symptoms manifest in adults. There are a plethora of etiologies and manifestations of KBS, but it most commonly manifests as a triad of hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperphagia. \u0000The diagnosis of KBS is primarily centered around the identification of damages to the medial lobe of the brain using signs and symptoms, imaging studies, and most importantly, Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI). It is also essential to rule out and confirm possible differentials and etiologies during the management of KBS. KBS has no known cure, but the various manifestations can be ameliorated with medications like antidepressants and antipsychotics. The prognosis is generally poor for KBS.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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