Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4413
Aya M. El Neanay, A. Haiba, E. Hasby, Mai Abd Elraoof Eissa, Hossam Eldien Fathallah Elsawy
Background: Mental health disorders are common in university students, where the most common of them include substance abuse, anxiety, and mood disorders. College students are in a transitory age that’s accompanied by various stressors and during which diverse mental health problems usually appear for the 1st time. Objective: To assess presence of mental health disorders among under graduate medical students. Methods: 2900 students were invited to complete a survey that was built on Microsoft form app provided by information technology unit and directed to medical students in mentioned grads individually. An e-mail has been sent to each student's academic official e-mail which was provided to students in the first three academic years. Email included GHQ-28 form associated with phrases fostering involvement in the study and assuring anonymity. Results: The response rate for the GHQ-28 survey was 25.9% of emailed students completing the questionnaire. The mean GHQ-28 score of 13.78 is considerably higher than general population norms. Conclusion: The majority of students (88.16%) scored above the threshold for psychological morbidity and were considered as a possible case indicating elevated psychological distress in this student sample.
{"title":"Mental Health Assessment of Medical Students in Tanta University: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Aya M. El Neanay, A. Haiba, E. Hasby, Mai Abd Elraoof Eissa, Hossam Eldien Fathallah Elsawy","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health disorders are common in university students, where the most common of them include substance abuse, anxiety, and mood disorders. College students are in a transitory age that’s accompanied by various stressors and during which diverse mental health problems usually appear for the 1st time. Objective: To assess presence of mental health disorders among under graduate medical students. Methods: 2900 students were invited to complete a survey that was built on Microsoft form app provided by information technology unit and directed to medical students in mentioned grads individually. An e-mail has been sent to each student's academic official e-mail which was provided to students in the first three academic years. Email included GHQ-28 form associated with phrases fostering involvement in the study and assuring anonymity. Results: The response rate for the GHQ-28 survey was 25.9% of emailed students completing the questionnaire. The mean GHQ-28 score of 13.78 is considerably higher than general population norms. Conclusion: The majority of students (88.16%) scored above the threshold for psychological morbidity and were considered as a possible case indicating elevated psychological distress in this student sample.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"233 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4411
O. T. Oladele, A. O. Adejumo, S. F. Agberotimi, S. A. Ojedokun, O. A. Opadola, T. A. Alatishe
Background: Nigeria has roughly 12 million citizens living with disabilities. Prevalent social stigmas often discriminate against their social, physical and psychological well-being which directly or indirectly affects their sexual life. This study aimed to assess the influence of psycho-demographic factors on the sexual life of people living with disabilities. Methods: The study was carried out among 79 participants, 18 years old and above at the Rehabilitation Centre Moniya. The study was ex post facto research study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Young subjects and male participants had higher mean scores (x=21.94) on the sexual dysfunction scale than female participants. Participants living with physical disability had higher means (x=22.21) on the sexual dysfunction scale than participants with hearing impairment. Age, gender, type of disability and religion statistically predicted sexual dysfunction among participants. Also, self-esteem and self-efficacy influence sexual dysfunction among participants living with physical disability and participants living with hearing impairment. Conclusion: Age, gender and nature of disability influence the sexual life of people living with disabilities. Moreso, sexual dysfunction reduces with an increase in self-esteem and self-efficacy. It is therefore recommended that attention is paid to individuals living with disabilities in in order to improve the quality of the sexual aspect of their lives and their psychological wellbeing.
背景:尼日利亚大约有1200万残疾人。普遍存在的社会污名往往歧视她们的社会、身体和心理健康，直接或间接地影响她们的性生活。本研究旨在探讨心理人口学因素对残障人士性生活的影响。方法:在莫尼亚康复中心对79名18岁及以上的参与者进行研究。这项研究是事后调查研究。本研究采用目的性和滚雪球抽样技术。数据采用SPSS version 21进行分析。结果:年轻受试者和男性受试者性功能障碍量表的平均得分(x=21.94)高于女性受试者。身体残疾的参与者在性功能障碍量表上的平均值(x=22.21)高于听力障碍的参与者。年龄、性别、残疾类型和宗教在统计上预测了参与者的性功能障碍。此外，自尊和自我效能感对身体残疾和听力障碍参与者的性功能障碍也有影响。结论:年龄、性别和残疾性质影响残疾人的性生活。此外，性功能障碍随着自尊和自我效能的增加而减少。因此，建议对残疾人给予关注，以改善他们生活的性方面的质量和他们的心理健康。
{"title":"Influence of Psycho-Demographic Factors on Sexual Dysfunction among People Living with Disabilities","authors":"O. T. Oladele, A. O. Adejumo, S. F. Agberotimi, S. A. Ojedokun, O. A. Opadola, T. A. Alatishe","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4411","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria has roughly 12 million citizens living with disabilities. Prevalent social stigmas often discriminate against their social, physical and psychological well-being which directly or indirectly affects their sexual life. This study aimed to assess the influence of psycho-demographic factors on the sexual life of people living with disabilities. \u0000Methods: The study was carried out among 79 participants, 18 years old and above at the Rehabilitation Centre Moniya. The study was ex post facto research study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. \u0000Results: Young subjects and male participants had higher mean scores (x=21.94) on the sexual dysfunction scale than female participants. Participants living with physical disability had higher means (x=22.21) on the sexual dysfunction scale than participants with hearing impairment. Age, gender, type of disability and religion statistically predicted sexual dysfunction among participants. Also, self-esteem and self-efficacy influence sexual dysfunction among participants living with physical disability and participants living with hearing impairment. \u0000Conclusion: Age, gender and nature of disability influence the sexual life of people living with disabilities. Moreso, sexual dysfunction reduces with an increase in self-esteem and self-efficacy. It is therefore recommended that attention is paid to individuals living with disabilities in in order to improve the quality of the sexual aspect of their lives and their psychological wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"33 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4410
Thiago Nogueira Silva, Claudia Mara de Melo Tavares, Marilei de Melo Tavares, Marcia Cristina Moccellin, Marcelle Ignácio Rebello, Fabiana Ramos Vargas, Laís Mariano de Paiva, Luciana Silvério Alleluia Higino da Silva
Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify, through an integrative review, the strategies implemented in partnership with the primary care team that contribute to promoting the mental health of adolescents at school. Methods: 2,791 studies were identified, 389 in PubMed, 389 in Scopus, 320 in VHL, 04 in Scielo and 1,693 in GALE. After excluding duplicate studies and applying the eligibility criteria, 17 articles were selected. Results: The analysis of the studies revealed that 18% of the articles addressed the relevance of the characteristics of promoting adolescent mental health in school in partnership with the primary care team, while another 18% were related to barriers faced in this promotion. Additionally, 41% of the articles dealt with the strategies used in this context and 24% discussed the associated challenges. Discussion: Several strategies have been incorporated into the partnership between the education sector and Primary Health Care to promote the mental health of school adolescents. Conclusions: Identifying the potential of actions and strategies carried out by education and primary health professionals reinforces the need for investments in spaces, materials and training of professionals aimed at promoting adolescent mental health.
{"title":"Role of Primary Health Team in Promoting Mental Health of Adolescent Students: A Systematic Review","authors":"Thiago Nogueira Silva, Claudia Mara de Melo Tavares, Marilei de Melo Tavares, Marcia Cristina Moccellin, Marcelle Ignácio Rebello, Fabiana Ramos Vargas, Laís Mariano de Paiva, Luciana Silvério Alleluia Higino da Silva","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4410","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify, through an integrative review, the strategies implemented in partnership with the primary care team that contribute to promoting the mental health of adolescents at school. Methods: 2,791 studies were identified, 389 in PubMed, 389 in Scopus, 320 in VHL, 04 in Scielo and 1,693 in GALE. After excluding duplicate studies and applying the eligibility criteria, 17 articles were selected. Results: The analysis of the studies revealed that 18% of the articles addressed the relevance of the characteristics of promoting adolescent mental health in school in partnership with the primary care team, while another 18% were related to barriers faced in this promotion. Additionally, 41% of the articles dealt with the strategies used in this context and 24% discussed the associated challenges. Discussion: Several strategies have been incorporated into the partnership between the education sector and Primary Health Care to promote the mental health of school adolescents. Conclusions: Identifying the potential of actions and strategies carried out by education and primary health professionals reinforces the need for investments in spaces, materials and training of professionals aimed at promoting adolescent mental health.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4409
Kimberly Morton Cuthrell, Nikolaos Tzenios
Sleep disturbances are complex elements of many neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual and developmental disabilities, and insomnia. Sleep disturbances are caused by a variety of factors, resulting in short-term and long-term consequences that can affect self-care, daily functions, and well-being. Sleep disturbances can compromise not only he general health of individuals but also on the health of caregivers and support systems. There is a need to understand the interaction between neurodevelopmental disorders and sleep disturbances to identify patterns of sleep fragmentations contributed to neurobiological and neurodevelopmental conditions determine appropriate treatment, improve the quality of life for individuals with neurological comorbidities.
{"title":"Sleep Disturbances as a Manifestation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","authors":"Kimberly Morton Cuthrell, Nikolaos Tzenios","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4409","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disturbances are complex elements of many neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual and developmental disabilities, and insomnia. Sleep disturbances are caused by a variety of factors, resulting in short-term and long-term consequences that can affect self-care, daily functions, and well-being. Sleep disturbances can compromise not only he general health of individuals but also on the health of caregivers and support systems. There is a need to understand the interaction between neurodevelopmental disorders and sleep disturbances to identify patterns of sleep fragmentations contributed to neurobiological and neurodevelopmental conditions determine appropriate treatment, improve the quality of life for individuals with neurological comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4408
M. Gangaraju, P. Sravya, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V, K. V. Srinija, K. Keerthana
A neurological disorder is one in which neurons in the cerebral or peripheral nerves gradually lose their ability to operate before dying. Unfortunately, there is presently no treatment for degenerative diseases, only an arrest down of the disease's progression. There are actually several symptomatic treatments available, however degenerative conditions are still incurable. There are certain advantages with western medical treatments, they are Deep brain stimulation, dopamine-producing treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) and disorders of movement, cholinesterase inhibition for memory problems, antipsychotic medicines to combat the behavioural and mental manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, analgesic medicines for Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents for transmission, and possibly antipsychotic drugs medications for memory impairment may be used to treat the severe and raising symptoms. Additionally, scientists have sought to discover treatments that might delay the onset of disorders, which include Analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in nature drugs) treating dementia, Riluzole treatment fatal motor neuron disease, tremors, and Huntington's chorea. Although specialized medications may assist relieve a few of the signs. There nevertheless remain so many problems with them. Age significantly increases the individual's risk of having a condition that affects the brain. In the future decades, there may be an increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. To better understand the mechanisms behind diseases of the brain, we must come up with novel approaches to both therapy and prevention. Thus we started searching for more treatments for these diseases as a result of this, and we found some options. Such as plant medicine, physiotherapy, stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibiotics.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Pathophysiology and Alternative Therapies for Parkinsons Disease","authors":"M. Gangaraju, P. Sravya, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V, K. V. Srinija, K. Keerthana","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4408","url":null,"abstract":"A neurological disorder is one in which neurons in the cerebral or peripheral nerves gradually lose their ability to operate before dying. Unfortunately, there is presently no treatment for degenerative diseases, only an arrest down of the disease's progression. There are actually several symptomatic treatments available, however degenerative conditions are still incurable. There are certain advantages with western medical treatments, they are Deep brain stimulation, dopamine-producing treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) and disorders of movement, cholinesterase inhibition for memory problems, antipsychotic medicines to combat the behavioural and mental manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, analgesic medicines for Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents for transmission, and possibly antipsychotic drugs medications for memory impairment may be used to treat the severe and raising symptoms. Additionally, scientists have sought to discover treatments that might delay the onset of disorders, which include Analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in nature drugs) treating dementia, Riluzole treatment fatal motor neuron disease, tremors, and Huntington's chorea. Although specialized medications may assist relieve a few of the signs. There nevertheless remain so many problems with them. Age significantly increases the individual's risk of having a condition that affects the brain. In the future decades, there may be an increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. To better understand the mechanisms behind diseases of the brain, we must come up with novel approaches to both therapy and prevention. Thus we started searching for more treatments for these diseases as a result of this, and we found some options. Such as plant medicine, physiotherapy, stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"74 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4407
Friday E. Okwaraji, Godwin C. Onyebueke, Okwor Esther Nwakaego
Aim: This study investigated burnout and psychological distress among 460 caregivers of dementia patients attending the outpatient geriatric clinics of two Nigerian tertiary health institutions. Study Design: The study used the descriptive cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at the outpatient geriatric clinics of two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, South East Nigeria between the months of July and August 2023. Methodology: A total of 460 care givers of dementia patients, aged 18- 65 years, attending the outpatient geriatric clinics of two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, who consented to participate in the study, were assessed for burnout and psychological distress using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: Result showed that 23.9% had emotional exhaustion, 14.6% had depersonalization and 18.5% had reduced personal accomplishment, while psychological distress was present in 39.6% of the respondents. Significant relationships were noticed between age and psychological distress, (chi)2=57.36; p= 0.03; marital status and burnout (chi)2=10.95; P= 0.01 as well as education and psychological distress (chi)2=10.95; p= 0.05. Conclusion: High levels of burnout and psychological distress were present among the caregivers who participated in the study, in view of this there is need for government to ensure proper institutional care for dementia patients and provide some incentives for those who care for them. Policy formulation should also aim at establishing community caregiving centers were dementia patients can receive adequate attention from government agencies.
目的:本研究调查了尼日利亚两所三级医疗机构老年门诊460名痴呆患者护理人员的倦怠和心理困扰。研究设计:本研究采用描述性横断面研究设计。研究地点和时间:研究于2023年7月至8月在尼日利亚东南部埃努古的两家三级卫生机构的老年门诊诊所进行。方法:共有460名年龄在18- 65岁之间、在埃努古两所三级医疗机构的老年门诊就诊的痴呆症患者护理人员同意参与研究，使用Maslach倦怠量表(MBI)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对他们的倦怠和心理困扰进行评估。结果:结果显示23.9% had emotional exhaustion, 14.6% had depersonalization and 18.5% had reduced personal accomplishment, while psychological distress was present in 39.6% of the respondents. Significant relationships were noticed between age and psychological distress, (chi)2=57.36; p= 0.03; marital status and burnout (chi)2=10.95; P= 0.01 as well as education and psychological distress (chi)2=10.95; p= 0.05. Conclusion: High levels of burnout and psychological distress were present among the caregivers who participated in the study, in view of this there is need for government to ensure proper institutional care for dementia patients and provide some incentives for those who care for them. Policy formulation should also aim at establishing community caregiving centers were dementia patients can receive adequate attention from government agencies.
{"title":"Burn Out and Psychological Distress among Care Givers of Dementia Patients Attending the Out Patient Geriatric Clinics of Two Nigerian Tertiary Health Institutions","authors":"Friday E. Okwaraji, Godwin C. Onyebueke, Okwor Esther Nwakaego","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4407","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study investigated burnout and psychological distress among 460 caregivers of dementia patients attending the outpatient geriatric clinics of two Nigerian tertiary health institutions. Study Design: The study used the descriptive cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at the outpatient geriatric clinics of two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, South East Nigeria between the months of July and August 2023. Methodology: A total of 460 care givers of dementia patients, aged 18- 65 years, attending the outpatient geriatric clinics of two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, who consented to participate in the study, were assessed for burnout and psychological distress using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: Result showed that 23.9% had emotional exhaustion, 14.6% had depersonalization and 18.5% had reduced personal accomplishment, while psychological distress was present in 39.6% of the respondents. Significant relationships were noticed between age and psychological distress, (chi)2=57.36; p= 0.03; marital status and burnout (chi)2=10.95; P= 0.01 as well as education and psychological distress (chi)2=10.95; p= 0.05. Conclusion: High levels of burnout and psychological distress were present among the caregivers who participated in the study, in view of this there is need for government to ensure proper institutional care for dementia patients and provide some incentives for those who care for them. Policy formulation should also aim at establishing community caregiving centers were dementia patients can receive adequate attention from government agencies.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. This literature review synthesizes key research on the psychological, neurobiological, and genetic factors associated with anorexia nervosa. The disorder predominantly affects adolescent girls and young women and can have severe medical and psychological consequences. Research shows that psychological factors like perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem contribute to the development and maintenance of anorexia. Neuroimaging studies reveal differences in brain regions related to reward processing and cognitive control in individuals with anorexia compared to healthy controls. These neural patterns may underlie the rigid, ritualistic eating behaviors and difficulties in changing thought patterns associated with the disorder. There is also evidence for a genetic component, with studies identifying associations between anorexia and variations in genes related to serotonin regulation, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and other psychiatric disorders. Integrating psychological, neurobiological, and genetic research provides greater insight into the multifaceted origins of anorexia nervosa. Understanding the complex factors that lead to and perpetuate the disorder can inform more effective, evidence-based treatments. Family-based therapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches focused on normalizing eating, addressing thought distortions, and building coping skills show promise. With comprehensive treatment, recovery from anorexia is possible, but early intervention is critical.
{"title":"A Diet that is Gone too Far","authors":"Asma Sagheer Khan, Nazish Zulfiqar, Iqra Tariq, Fazeelat Nazir, Tayyaba Bashir","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4406","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. This literature review synthesizes key research on the psychological, neurobiological, and genetic factors associated with anorexia nervosa. The disorder predominantly affects adolescent girls and young women and can have severe medical and psychological consequences. Research shows that psychological factors like perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem contribute to the development and maintenance of anorexia. Neuroimaging studies reveal differences in brain regions related to reward processing and cognitive control in individuals with anorexia compared to healthy controls. These neural patterns may underlie the rigid, ritualistic eating behaviors and difficulties in changing thought patterns associated with the disorder. There is also evidence for a genetic component, with studies identifying associations between anorexia and variations in genes related to serotonin regulation, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and other psychiatric disorders. Integrating psychological, neurobiological, and genetic research provides greater insight into the multifaceted origins of anorexia nervosa. Understanding the complex factors that lead to and perpetuate the disorder can inform more effective, evidence-based treatments. Family-based therapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches focused on normalizing eating, addressing thought distortions, and building coping skills show promise. With comprehensive treatment, recovery from anorexia is possible, but early intervention is critical.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4405
Asma Saghir Khan, Nazish Zulfiqar, Saliha Naseer, Maryam Iftikhar
Alzheimer's disorder is a devastating neurodegenerative ailment characterized by cognitive decline and reminiscence loss. As the look for powerful treatments continues, researchers have begun investigating the ability of the ketogenic food regimen to manage the signs and symptoms and development of the disease. The ketogenic eating regimen, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat dietary approach, promotes the manufacturing of ketones as an alternative strength supply for the brain. This article affords an overview of the position of the ketogenic weight-reduction plan in Alzheimer's disease and explores its capacity to repair and improve cognitive function in affected people. We discuss the mechanisms behind the ketogenic eating regimen's impact on mind electricity optimization, neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health. While the ketogenic weight loss program shows promise, its limitations and issues also are discussed, consisting of challenges of adherence and long-term sustainability, ability dietary imbalances, and personal versions. In addition, research is needed to completely apprehend the therapeutic capability of the ketogenic food regimen in Alzheimer's disease and to decide its most fulfilling implementation as part of a comprehensive treatment approach. Alzheimer's disorder (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative ailment characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired everyday functioning. Currently, there's no treatment for the advert, and available remedy options are limited in their efficacy. However, rising proof shows that the ketogenic eating regimen (KD), an excessive-fats, low-carbohydrate dietary technique, may preserve the ability to manage advert or even sell neuronal repair. The metabolic disorder discovered in ad brains, inclusive of decreased glucose metabolism and impaired mitochondrial function, has led researchers to explore opportunities for electricity resources for brain cells. The KD induces a metabolic kingdom called ketosis, where the frame normally relies on ketone our bodies derived from fats as its most important fuel supply. Ketones provide a greater efficient electricity supply to the brain, bypassing the impaired glucose metabolism in advert patients. Research utilizing animal models and early human trials have validated that the KD exerts numerous useful outcomes on advert pathology. Those outcomes include lowering amyloid- beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, mitigating neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial characteristics, and promoting the manufacturing of mind-derived neurotrophic component (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuronal increase and survival. Additionally, the KD has been proven to enhance cognitive characteristics and memory in ad sufferers, although further research is wanted to set up its lengthy-term outcomes and protection.
阿尔茨海默病是一种毁灭性的神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知能力下降和记忆丧失。在寻找有效治疗方法的过程中，研究人员已经开始调查生酮饮食方案在控制疾病体征、症状和发展方面的能力。生酮饮食法，一种低碳水化合物，高脂肪的饮食方法，促进酮的制造，作为大脑的另一种力量供应。本文概述了生酮减肥计划在阿尔茨海默病中的地位，并探讨了其修复和改善患者认知功能的能力。我们讨论了生酮饮食对心电优化、神经保护、胰岛素敏感性和代谢健康的影响机制。虽然生酮减肥计划显示出希望，但它的局限性和问题也被讨论，包括坚持和长期可持续性的挑战，能力饮食不平衡，和个人版本。此外，需要进行研究，以完全了解生酮饮食方案在阿尔茨海默病中的治疗能力，并决定其作为综合治疗方法的一部分最令人满意的实施。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，以认知能力下降、记忆丧失和日常功能受损为特征。目前，还没有针对这则广告的治疗方法，可用的治疗方案的疗效也有限。然而，越来越多的证据表明，生酮饮食法(KD)，一种高脂肪、低碳水化合物的饮食技术，可能保留管理能力，甚至出售神经元修复。在ad大脑中发现的代谢紊乱，包括葡萄糖代谢下降和线粒体功能受损，促使研究人员探索脑细胞电力资源的机会。KD诱导了一个叫做酮症的代谢王国，在这个王国中，我们的身体通常依赖于从脂肪中提取的酮，作为最重要的燃料供应。酮类为大脑提供更有效的电力供应，绕过了糖尿病患者受损的葡萄糖代谢。利用动物模型和早期人体试验的研究已经证实，KD对广告病理学有许多有用的结果。这些结果包括降低淀粉样蛋白- β (a β)斑块积累，减轻神经炎症，改善线粒体特征，促进脑源性神经营养成分(BDNF)的产生，BDNF是一种对神经元生长和存活至关重要的蛋白质。此外，KD已被证明可以增强ad患者的认知特征和记忆，尽管还需要进一步的研究来确定其长期结果和保护作用。
{"title":"Alzheimer's Repairs through the Role of Ketogenic Diet","authors":"Asma Saghir Khan, Nazish Zulfiqar, Saliha Naseer, Maryam Iftikhar","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i4405","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disorder is a devastating neurodegenerative ailment characterized by cognitive decline and reminiscence loss. As the look for powerful treatments continues, researchers have begun investigating the ability of the ketogenic food regimen to manage the signs and symptoms and development of the disease. The ketogenic eating regimen, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat dietary approach, promotes the manufacturing of ketones as an alternative strength supply for the brain. This article affords an overview of the position of the ketogenic weight-reduction plan in Alzheimer's disease and explores its capacity to repair and improve cognitive function in affected people. We discuss the mechanisms behind the ketogenic eating regimen's impact on mind electricity optimization, neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health. While the ketogenic weight loss program shows promise, its limitations and issues also are discussed, consisting of challenges of adherence and long-term sustainability, ability dietary imbalances, and personal versions. In addition, research is needed to completely apprehend the therapeutic capability of the ketogenic food regimen in Alzheimer's disease and to decide its most fulfilling implementation as part of a comprehensive treatment approach. Alzheimer's disorder (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative ailment characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired everyday functioning. Currently, there's no treatment for the advert, and available remedy options are limited in their efficacy. However, rising proof shows that the ketogenic eating regimen (KD), an excessive-fats, low-carbohydrate dietary technique, may preserve the ability to manage advert or even sell neuronal repair. The metabolic disorder discovered in ad brains, inclusive of decreased glucose metabolism and impaired mitochondrial function, has led researchers to explore opportunities for electricity resources for brain cells. The KD induces a metabolic kingdom called ketosis, where the frame normally relies on ketone our bodies derived from fats as its most important fuel supply. Ketones provide a greater efficient electricity supply to the brain, bypassing the impaired glucose metabolism in advert patients. Research utilizing animal models and early human trials have validated that the KD exerts numerous useful outcomes on advert pathology. Those outcomes include lowering amyloid- beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, mitigating neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial characteristics, and promoting the manufacturing of mind-derived neurotrophic component (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuronal increase and survival. Additionally, the KD has been proven to enhance cognitive characteristics and memory in ad sufferers, although further research is wanted to set up its lengthy-term outcomes and protection.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3404
Ibrahim Mohamed El-Mrasey, Gamal Taha Shamaa, Mai Abd EL-Raouf Issa, Mohamed Zakaria Hussein, Ahmed Fawzy Selim
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and may coexist with psychiatric disorders. We aimed to establish new directions for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in IBS patients by assessment of the quality of life (QOL) and the immunological role in IBS.
Methods: This study was carried out on 80 subjects aged from 18 to 65 years old, both sexes, assigned into two groups: group I included 60 patients were diagnosed with IBS according to ROM-IV diagnostic criteria and were further divided according to age into two groups, first group is (18-40) years and second group is (41-65) years. Group II: Included 20 subjects as a healthy Control group.
Results: The younger age group of patients with IBS have a significantly better overall QOL and its domains than the older age group. Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression scores were significantly higher in female patients and older age groups. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a lower QOL and its domains than patients without psychiatric comorbidity with a significant difference between both groups. There was a significant difference in serum Interlukin-6 between patients with IBS and healthy control group. Also in serum Interlukin-6 patients with IBS comorbid psychiatric disorders and patients without psychiatric comorbidity with.
Conclusions: Psychiatric symptoms are presented earlier in Egyptian IBS. A higher percentage of psychiatric disorders are presented with severe forms of IBS affecting the prognosis of IBS and subsequently the QOL and health costs.
{"title":"Psychimmunological Aspects and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"Ibrahim Mohamed El-Mrasey, Gamal Taha Shamaa, Mai Abd EL-Raouf Issa, Mohamed Zakaria Hussein, Ahmed Fawzy Selim","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3404","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and may coexist with psychiatric disorders. We aimed to establish new directions for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in IBS patients by assessment of the quality of life (QOL) and the immunological role in IBS.
 Methods: This study was carried out on 80 subjects aged from 18 to 65 years old, both sexes, assigned into two groups: group I included 60 patients were diagnosed with IBS according to ROM-IV diagnostic criteria and were further divided according to age into two groups, first group is (18-40) years and second group is (41-65) years. Group II: Included 20 subjects as a healthy Control group.
 Results: The younger age group of patients with IBS have a significantly better overall QOL and its domains than the older age group. Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression scores were significantly higher in female patients and older age groups. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a lower QOL and its domains than patients without psychiatric comorbidity with a significant difference between both groups. There was a significant difference in serum Interlukin-6 between patients with IBS and healthy control group. Also in serum Interlukin-6 patients with IBS comorbid psychiatric disorders and patients without psychiatric comorbidity with.
 Conclusions: Psychiatric symptoms are presented earlier in Egyptian IBS. A higher percentage of psychiatric disorders are presented with severe forms of IBS affecting the prognosis of IBS and subsequently the QOL and health costs.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3403
Duncan James Brearley
Stroke is the primary contributor to the commencement of adult disability in the United Kingdom, and individuals who survive a stroke frequently encounter challenges in reacquiring motor abilities, which has a substantial influence on their overall well-being. Sleep disturbance is a prevalent issue affecting approximately 50% of those who have experienced a stroke. The established literature demonstrates the advantageous impacts of sleep on motor learning in individuals without health complications. However, the precise contribution of sleep to motor learning in individuals recovering from stroke remains inadequately comprehended. The objective of this review was to analyze and consolidate the available research pertaining to motor learning after stroke, with the intention of ascertaining the presence and mechanisms of this association. Sleep-induced motor learning has two distinct phases, namely sleep preceding learning (SBL) and sleep after learning (SAL). These stages facilitate the consolidation of memory and reinforce the connections between different regions of the cerebral cortex, thereby decreasing the need for the medial temporal lobe (MTL) to bind information. There is a limited yet promising body of evidence suggesting that sleep has a role in modulating motor learning and rehabilitation outcomes following a stroke. There is evidence suggesting that sleep has a positive impact on motor learning following a stroke. Several studies have shown that stroke patients exhibit increased tracking accuracy after a night of sleep compared to those who do not sleep. Sleep disruptions have an adverse effect on the functional recovery of those who have experienced a stroke, with a special emphasis on those who have suffered from moderate strokes. There exists a correlation between suboptimal sleep patterns and impaired motor recovery following a stroke, however the use of sedative medications does not yield substantial enhancements in sleep quality or rehabilitation outcomes. Moreover, the utilization of sedatives may potentially have adverse effects on memory function and neural connectivity. Although the current research shows promise, it is important to acknowledge its limitations, which include the use of subjective sleep assessments and cross-sectional study designs. In order to demonstrate a more conclusive relationship between sleep and post-stroke motor recovery, future research endeavors should incorporate objective sleep assessment techniques, longitudinal methodologies, and randomized crossover designs. In summary, the current body of research suggests a potentially beneficial impact of sleep on motor learning following a stroke. However, it is important to exercise caution when interpreting these findings due to limitations in the methodologies employed. In order to comprehensively comprehend the influence of sleep on post-stroke motor recovery, it is imperative to conduct further research employing robust study designs and objective sle
{"title":"The Potential Role of Sleep in Post-stroke Motor Learning","authors":"Duncan James Brearley","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3403","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is the primary contributor to the commencement of adult disability in the United Kingdom, and individuals who survive a stroke frequently encounter challenges in reacquiring motor abilities, which has a substantial influence on their overall well-being. Sleep disturbance is a prevalent issue affecting approximately 50% of those who have experienced a stroke. The established literature demonstrates the advantageous impacts of sleep on motor learning in individuals without health complications. However, the precise contribution of sleep to motor learning in individuals recovering from stroke remains inadequately comprehended. The objective of this review was to analyze and consolidate the available research pertaining to motor learning after stroke, with the intention of ascertaining the presence and mechanisms of this association. Sleep-induced motor learning has two distinct phases, namely sleep preceding learning (SBL) and sleep after learning (SAL). These stages facilitate the consolidation of memory and reinforce the connections between different regions of the cerebral cortex, thereby decreasing the need for the medial temporal lobe (MTL) to bind information. There is a limited yet promising body of evidence suggesting that sleep has a role in modulating motor learning and rehabilitation outcomes following a stroke. There is evidence suggesting that sleep has a positive impact on motor learning following a stroke. Several studies have shown that stroke patients exhibit increased tracking accuracy after a night of sleep compared to those who do not sleep. Sleep disruptions have an adverse effect on the functional recovery of those who have experienced a stroke, with a special emphasis on those who have suffered from moderate strokes. There exists a correlation between suboptimal sleep patterns and impaired motor recovery following a stroke, however the use of sedative medications does not yield substantial enhancements in sleep quality or rehabilitation outcomes. Moreover, the utilization of sedatives may potentially have adverse effects on memory function and neural connectivity. Although the current research shows promise, it is important to acknowledge its limitations, which include the use of subjective sleep assessments and cross-sectional study designs. In order to demonstrate a more conclusive relationship between sleep and post-stroke motor recovery, future research endeavors should incorporate objective sleep assessment techniques, longitudinal methodologies, and randomized crossover designs. In summary, the current body of research suggests a potentially beneficial impact of sleep on motor learning following a stroke. However, it is important to exercise caution when interpreting these findings due to limitations in the methodologies employed. In order to comprehensively comprehend the influence of sleep on post-stroke motor recovery, it is imperative to conduct further research employing robust study designs and objective sle","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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