Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3402
Ola Othman Mahmoud Abdellatif, Amr Adel Haiba, Adel Abd El-Kareem Badawy, Hossam Eldin Fathallah Elsawy
Background: severe and persistent mental condition Adults have a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia that ranges from 0.4 to 1%. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function of first-episode schizophrenic patients to that of multiple schizophrenic patients, as well as to examine cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and the impact of treatment on first-degree relatives of the patient.
Methods: The 200 participants in this cross-sectional case-control study were of both sexes and ranged in age from 18 to 50. There were five groups created for the subjects: Group I (n=50): Schizophrenia in its initial episode. Group II (n=50): Relatives of schizophrenia patients experiencing their first episode. Group III (n=50): Schizophrenia with multiple episodes. Healthy volunteers make up Group IV (n=50). Group V (n=36): Group I was followed up with one year following therapy.
Results: Total IQ, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition were significantly different between patients and controls. First-degree relatives and the control group showed substantial differences in attention, executive function, and memory function. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) categories that were completed and the number of preservation errors, as well as the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Perception and experiencing areas of emotional intelligence (MESCIT), mental control, logical memory, total number of digits, association learning, and visual reproduction are all measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Other than the perception branch and experiential region (social cognition), there was no statistically significant change in the overall IQ, WCST, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), or MESCIT.
Conclusions: In terms of general intelligence, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition, first episode patients outperformed many episode patients.
{"title":"First Episode Schizophrenia: Psychiatric and Cognitive Study for the Patients and Their First-degree Relatives","authors":"Ola Othman Mahmoud Abdellatif, Amr Adel Haiba, Adel Abd El-Kareem Badawy, Hossam Eldin Fathallah Elsawy","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3402","url":null,"abstract":"Background: severe and persistent mental condition Adults have a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia that ranges from 0.4 to 1%. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function of first-episode schizophrenic patients to that of multiple schizophrenic patients, as well as to examine cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and the impact of treatment on first-degree relatives of the patient.
 Methods: The 200 participants in this cross-sectional case-control study were of both sexes and ranged in age from 18 to 50. There were five groups created for the subjects: Group I (n=50): Schizophrenia in its initial episode. Group II (n=50): Relatives of schizophrenia patients experiencing their first episode. Group III (n=50): Schizophrenia with multiple episodes. Healthy volunteers make up Group IV (n=50). Group V (n=36): Group I was followed up with one year following therapy.
 Results: Total IQ, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition were significantly different between patients and controls. First-degree relatives and the control group showed substantial differences in attention, executive function, and memory function. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) categories that were completed and the number of preservation errors, as well as the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Perception and experiencing areas of emotional intelligence (MESCIT), mental control, logical memory, total number of digits, association learning, and visual reproduction are all measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Other than the perception branch and experiential region (social cognition), there was no statistically significant change in the overall IQ, WCST, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), or MESCIT.
 Conclusions: In terms of general intelligence, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition, first episode patients outperformed many episode patients.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136341578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3401
Anna Y. Adjabeng, Edem M. A. Tette
Background: Children with special needs have longstanding physical, developmental, emotional, and behavioural problems that require attention. Caring for these children can be overwhelming, thus, support systems are needed to ease the burden and improve the quality of life of the children and their caregivers.
Aim: To examine the problems of children with special needs and identify the support systems available to them through their families, friends, governmental and non-governmental institutions.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place of Study: Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, the Special Mothers Project Group and With God Physiotherapy and Care Center, Accra, Ghana from May-June 2018
Methodology: The study was conducted in 2018 among 64 caregivers of children with special needs at the three sites using purposive sampling. A questionnaire was designed for data collection. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics.
Results: Developmental conditions encountered were cerebral palsy 24(38%), seizure disorder 15(23%), speech delay 5(8%), Down’s syndrome 3(5%), ADHD 2(3%), autism spectrum disorder 1(2%), 4(6.3%) unspecified and 10(16%) others. Caregivers reported problems with delayed development, feeding, health, speech, intellectual capacity, and behavior including social interaction. About half of the 33 respondents had some form of assistance at home. Majority of this help, (45%), came from the nuclear family. Support from friends, the church and access to specialized care was limited. While 24(42.1%) of the children were not in any school placement, 24 (42.1%) were in mainstream, 8 were in nursery/crèche and 1 was in a special school. Speech and Language therapy and physiotherapy were the most used forms of rehabilitation. Financial support from government and other institutions was limited but 42.2% had access to support groups.
Conclusions: The most significant challenge for caregivers was their child’s developmental problems. While the family remained the most dependable source of support, support groups, therapy services and school placements were also available but uptake was sub-optimal and external financial support was limited.
{"title":"Challenges Faced by Children with Special Needs in Accra and the Support Systems Available to Them and Their Families","authors":"Anna Y. Adjabeng, Edem M. A. Tette","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3401","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with special needs have longstanding physical, developmental, emotional, and behavioural problems that require attention. Caring for these children can be overwhelming, thus, support systems are needed to ease the burden and improve the quality of life of the children and their caregivers.
 Aim: To examine the problems of children with special needs and identify the support systems available to them through their families, friends, governmental and non-governmental institutions.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place of Study: Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, the Special Mothers Project Group and With God Physiotherapy and Care Center, Accra, Ghana from May-June 2018
 Methodology: The study was conducted in 2018 among 64 caregivers of children with special needs at the three sites using purposive sampling. A questionnaire was designed for data collection. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics.
 Results: Developmental conditions encountered were cerebral palsy 24(38%), seizure disorder 15(23%), speech delay 5(8%), Down’s syndrome 3(5%), ADHD 2(3%), autism spectrum disorder 1(2%), 4(6.3%) unspecified and 10(16%) others. Caregivers reported problems with delayed development, feeding, health, speech, intellectual capacity, and behavior including social interaction. About half of the 33 respondents had some form of assistance at home. Majority of this help, (45%), came from the nuclear family. Support from friends, the church and access to specialized care was limited. While 24(42.1%) of the children were not in any school placement, 24 (42.1%) were in mainstream, 8 were in nursery/crèche and 1 was in a special school. Speech and Language therapy and physiotherapy were the most used forms of rehabilitation. Financial support from government and other institutions was limited but 42.2% had access to support groups.
 Conclusions: The most significant challenge for caregivers was their child’s developmental problems. While the family remained the most dependable source of support, support groups, therapy services and school placements were also available but uptake was sub-optimal and external financial support was limited.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3400
R. Ahmed, Ossama Yassin, Azza Ghaly, A. Bonafe, Elsayed Tageldeen
Endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the main treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Nonetheless, access to EVT is limited specially in developing countries. It is not uncommon in these regions to miss the time window for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or to arrive within the IVT window but with a contraindication for it. Hence, a lot of patients with LVO face a situation where either they receive EVT only or conservative management according to available logistics. Aim: To study the outcome of EVT vs best medical treatment (BMT) in two Egyptian stroke centres (Tanta and Alexandria) in AIS patients ineligible for IVT. Results: 390 patients with AIS and LVO were included in the study. 74 underwent EVT while 316 underwent BMT. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, time of onset, initial severity, or imaging scores in both groups. The EVT group had more diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, more smokers and more systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) while the BMT had more anticoagulated patients. The EVT group had better functional outcome but more symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage with no difference in mortality. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment doubles the good functional outcome of AIS in LVO patients but ICH is more with no effect on mortality.
{"title":"Primary Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Ineligible for Intravenous Thrombolysis","authors":"R. Ahmed, Ossama Yassin, Azza Ghaly, A. Bonafe, Elsayed Tageldeen","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3400","url":null,"abstract":"Endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the main treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Nonetheless, access to EVT is limited specially in developing countries. It is not uncommon in these regions to miss the time window for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or to arrive within the IVT window but with a contraindication for it. Hence, a lot of patients with LVO face a situation where either they receive EVT only or conservative management according to available logistics. \u0000Aim: To study the outcome of EVT vs best medical treatment (BMT) in two Egyptian stroke centres (Tanta and Alexandria) in AIS patients ineligible for IVT. \u0000Results: 390 patients with AIS and LVO were included in the study. 74 underwent EVT while 316 underwent BMT. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, time of onset, initial severity, or imaging scores in both groups. The EVT group had more diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, more smokers and more systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) while the BMT had more anticoagulated patients. The EVT group had better functional outcome but more symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage with no difference in mortality. \u0000Conclusion: Endovascular treatment doubles the good functional outcome of AIS in LVO patients but ICH is more with no effect on mortality.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44889084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3398
Anna Cláudia Ferreira Nunes, Anna Luiza de Araújo Ribeiro, Maria Tereza Gonçalves-Mendes, T. Aversi-Ferreira
Aims: To provide a systematic review on the occurrence of valproic acid syndrome, to, among others, elucidate the characteristics of this syndrome. Study Design: A systematic review was performed. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biomathematics of the Federal UINiversity of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between June 2022 and July 2023. Methodology: A systematic search of articles was performed using the CAPES Periodic plataform a searcher from the Education Ministry of Brazil that contains Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine and other bases, from 1984 to 2023. For this review, the subject’s “syndrome of valproic acid”, “valproic acid syndrome and toxicity”, “valproic acid syndrome and malformations” were searched together using the type of material “articles” in English language. Some articles about “pregnancy’s cares” were used for epistemological composition of this work content subjects as, for instance, “general toxicity” and “others (development; health care; …)”. Results: From the 1061 articles after the exclusion and the inclusion criteria made with the subjects most pertinent to the objectives of this work, added with the subjects “pregnancy cares” and “others”; 1005 articles were excluded, remaining 56 ones. Four of total from 56 texts were 4 about “general toxicity”; 19 about “others”; 4 about “Pregnancy cares” and 29 about “valproic acid”. Conclusion: The analysis of the articles studied in this work indicates that valproic acid is a teratogen that leads to a syndrome that receives its name in fetuses whose mothers use it as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer primarily used for treating conditions like epilepsy and bipolar disorder, causing several physical defects in general and behavioral defects due to the impairment of the neural system. In this sense, it is essential that the team caring for pregnant women know the history of the pregnant woman and check all the medications she is using and replace those with a teratogenic potential, especially if the patient has a diagnosis of mental illness such as depression.
{"title":"Valproic Acid Syndrome: A Mini Review","authors":"Anna Cláudia Ferreira Nunes, Anna Luiza de Araújo Ribeiro, Maria Tereza Gonçalves-Mendes, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3398","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To provide a systematic review on the occurrence of valproic acid syndrome, to, among others, elucidate the characteristics of this syndrome. \u0000Study Design: A systematic review was performed. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biomathematics of the Federal UINiversity of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between June 2022 and July 2023. \u0000Methodology: A systematic search of articles was performed using the CAPES Periodic plataform a searcher from the Education Ministry of Brazil that contains Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine and other bases, from 1984 to 2023. For this review, the subject’s “syndrome of valproic acid”, “valproic acid syndrome and toxicity”, “valproic acid syndrome and malformations” were searched together using the type of material “articles” in English language. Some articles about “pregnancy’s cares” were used for epistemological composition of this work content subjects as, for instance, “general toxicity” and “others (development; health care; …)”. \u0000Results: From the 1061 articles after the exclusion and the inclusion criteria made with the subjects most pertinent to the objectives of this work, added with the subjects “pregnancy cares” and “others”; 1005 articles were excluded, remaining 56 ones. Four of total from 56 texts were 4 about “general toxicity”; 19 about “others”; 4 about “Pregnancy cares” and 29 about “valproic acid”. \u0000Conclusion: The analysis of the articles studied in this work indicates that valproic acid is a teratogen that leads to a syndrome that receives its name in fetuses whose mothers use it as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer primarily used for treating conditions like epilepsy and bipolar disorder, causing several physical defects in general and behavioral defects due to the impairment of the neural system. In this sense, it is essential that the team caring for pregnant women know the history of the pregnant woman and check all the medications she is using and replace those with a teratogenic potential, especially if the patient has a diagnosis of mental illness such as depression.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42663404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3399
Owen R. Thornton
Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advances in our understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings, treatment options remain limited, and not all patients respond adequately to available therapies. Emerging evidence has implicated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical regulator of neuronal plasticity, in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. This review examines the role of BDNF in the brain, its relationship to depression in preclinical and clinical studies, and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. We discuss the impact of various antidepressant treatments on BDNF, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions in targeting BDNF for depression treatment. By deepening our understanding of BDNF and its relationship with depression, we can move towards more effective and personalized interventions for this debilitating disorder.
{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Depression: A Mini Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence","authors":"Owen R. Thornton","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3399","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advances in our understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings, treatment options remain limited, and not all patients respond adequately to available therapies. Emerging evidence has implicated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical regulator of neuronal plasticity, in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. This review examines the role of BDNF in the brain, its relationship to depression in preclinical and clinical studies, and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. We discuss the impact of various antidepressant treatments on BDNF, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions in targeting BDNF for depression treatment. By deepening our understanding of BDNF and its relationship with depression, we can move towards more effective and personalized interventions for this debilitating disorder.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46397987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3397
N. A. Alghamdi, K. Dunn, D. Cairns, C. Melville
This study employs the Walt and Gilson Policy Triangle Method to analyse the mental health policy in Saudi Arabia and explore the position of gender equality within the content context, process and development of mental health. Four relevant articles were reviewed, focusing on policy development, legislation, human rights, financing, organisational integration, and women's mental health challenges. The national mental health policy in Saudi Arabia highlights access to care, quality of services, awareness, prevention, and family support, with 4% of the healthcare budget allocated to mental health services. However, gender-specific needs and experiences of women may need to be adequately addressed. Contextual factors such as cultural norms, religious beliefs, and gender segregation shape mental health policy in Saudi Arabia. The process of policy development involves collaboration between the Ministry of Health and various stakeholders, incorporating international guidelines. The study also underlines the Transformational Plan of Saudi Vision 2030 and its influence on mental health policy. However, gender equality actions are not explicitly addressed in the current policies. The research shows the need for comprehensive policy improvements to ensure gender equality in mental health care and provide appropriate support for women's mental health needs in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"A Review of Policy Analysis: Gender Equality in Saudi Arabia’s Mental Health Policy","authors":"N. A. Alghamdi, K. Dunn, D. Cairns, C. Melville","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3397","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs the Walt and Gilson Policy Triangle Method to analyse the mental health policy in Saudi Arabia and explore the position of gender equality within the content context, process and development of mental health. Four relevant articles were reviewed, focusing on policy development, legislation, human rights, financing, organisational integration, and women's mental health challenges. The national mental health policy in Saudi Arabia highlights access to care, quality of services, awareness, prevention, and family support, with 4% of the healthcare budget allocated to mental health services. However, gender-specific needs and experiences of women may need to be adequately addressed. Contextual factors such as cultural norms, religious beliefs, and gender segregation shape mental health policy in Saudi Arabia. The process of policy development involves collaboration between the Ministry of Health and various stakeholders, incorporating international guidelines. The study also underlines the Transformational Plan of Saudi Vision 2030 and its influence on mental health policy. However, gender equality actions are not explicitly addressed in the current policies. The research shows the need for comprehensive policy improvements to ensure gender equality in mental health care and provide appropriate support for women's mental health needs in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3396
Karishma Shekhawat, R. Gopalan
Orphans living on their own or living in institutions go through many psychological problems like stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, poor interpersonal relations, etc. This study aimed to compare the psychosocial profile of adolescents living in orphanages and adolescents living with their biological parents. The participants of the study were divided into two groups, adolescents living in orphanages and adolescents living with parents (50 participants each). The age range of participants was between 12-17 years. Sociodemographic data sheet, Adolescent Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Wellbeing tools were employed. The results revealed significant differences in self-esteem, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment, emotion regulation and well-being between adolescents living in orphanages (Group 1) and adolescents living with their biological parents (Group 2). Group 1 more often tried to conceal their emotions and avoid expressing their feelings. The well-being experienced by them was lower than Group 2. Also, a positive correlation was found between well-being and self-esteem, emotional empathy, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment and emotion regulation. For Group 2, well-being shared a positive correlation with self-esteem, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment and emotion regulation. On correlation analysis, both groups showed differences only in emotional empathy. It was also noticed that a longer duration of stay in an orphanage related to better well-being. Simple linear regression suggested that length of stay at the orphanage (number of years spent in orphanage), self-esteem, emotional empathy and cognitive reappraisal of emotion regulation are the strongest predictors of well-being experienced by Group 2 participants. Conclusively, more attention should be paid to bring about solutions to increase the well-being of adolescents living in orphanages with help of mental health professionals who can help them directly as well as indirectly through people living around them.
{"title":"Psychosocial Profile of Adolescents Living in Orphanages and Adolescents Living with Biological Parents","authors":"Karishma Shekhawat, R. Gopalan","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3396","url":null,"abstract":"Orphans living on their own or living in institutions go through many psychological problems like stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, poor interpersonal relations, etc. This study aimed to compare the psychosocial profile of adolescents living in orphanages and adolescents living with their biological parents. The participants of the study were divided into two groups, adolescents living in orphanages and adolescents living with parents (50 participants each). The age range of participants was between 12-17 years. Sociodemographic data sheet, Adolescent Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Wellbeing tools were employed. The results revealed significant differences in self-esteem, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment, emotion regulation and well-being between adolescents living in orphanages (Group 1) and adolescents living with their biological parents (Group 2). Group 1 more often tried to conceal their emotions and avoid expressing their feelings. The well-being experienced by them was lower than Group 2. Also, a positive correlation was found between well-being and self-esteem, emotional empathy, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment and emotion regulation. For Group 2, well-being shared a positive correlation with self-esteem, psychological flexibility, psychological adjustment and emotion regulation. On correlation analysis, both groups showed differences only in emotional empathy. It was also noticed that a longer duration of stay in an orphanage related to better well-being. Simple linear regression suggested that length of stay at the orphanage (number of years spent in orphanage), self-esteem, emotional empathy and cognitive reappraisal of emotion regulation are the strongest predictors of well-being experienced by Group 2 participants. Conclusively, more attention should be paid to bring about solutions to increase the well-being of adolescents living in orphanages with help of mental health professionals who can help them directly as well as indirectly through people living around them.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3395
Onyema Chidubem Abazie, N. Enyidah, P. Stanley
Background: Epilepsy affects over 50 million in the world with a life time prevalence of 7.6%. It is the commonest paediatric neurological disorder and about 80% of these children live in the developing countries. Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbid condition in children with epilepsy. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depression among children aged 9-18yr with epilepsy and evaluate factors associated with depression. Methods: 380 children with epilepsy were interviewed using researcher designed questionnaire, the clinical version of DICA-IV in a 2nd stage design, after having been screened with CES-DC. The study was descriptive with psychometric evaluation. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. p-values<0.05 were statistically significant. Results: Using the CES-DC with a cut- off point of 15 and above, 117 (30.8%) of the respondents had significant scores for depression. All the 117 who were interviewed with DICA-IV met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression with 40 (10.5%) of them currently very depressed requiring urgent attention. Sociodemographic factors of; sex revealed that males were more depressed than females p=0.000, OR: 0.86, Age showed 9-11yr with a strong association p=0.001, OR:1.91. Marital status- Divorced or separated parents showed a higher association p=0.01 OR:2.233. Children with longer duration of illness had a strong association p=0,025, OR:1.203 and the more frequent the seizures, the stronger the association p=0.001, OR:1,411. Conclusion: There is relativelhjy high prevalence of depression in children with epilepsy in Port Harcourt. More health education is needed to provide a comprehensive care.
{"title":"Depression in Children with Epilepsy in a Teaching Hospital South/South Nigeria","authors":"Onyema Chidubem Abazie, N. Enyidah, P. Stanley","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i3395","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epilepsy affects over 50 million in the world with a life time prevalence of 7.6%. It is the commonest paediatric neurological disorder and about 80% of these children live in the developing countries. Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbid condition in children with epilepsy. \u0000Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depression among children aged 9-18yr with epilepsy and evaluate factors associated with depression. \u0000Methods: 380 children with epilepsy were interviewed using researcher designed questionnaire, the clinical version of DICA-IV in a 2nd stage design, after having been screened with CES-DC. The study was descriptive with psychometric evaluation. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. p-values<0.05 were statistically significant. \u0000Results: Using the CES-DC with a cut- off point of 15 and above, 117 (30.8%) of the respondents had significant scores for depression. All the 117 who were interviewed with DICA-IV met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression with 40 (10.5%) of them currently very depressed requiring urgent attention. Sociodemographic factors of; sex revealed that males were more depressed than females p=0.000, OR: 0.86, Age showed 9-11yr with a strong association p=0.001, OR:1.91. Marital status- Divorced or separated parents showed a higher association p=0.01 OR:2.233. Children with longer duration of illness had a strong association p=0,025, OR:1.203 and the more frequent the seizures, the stronger the association p=0.001, OR:1,411. \u0000Conclusion: There is relativelhjy high prevalence of depression in children with epilepsy in Port Harcourt. More health education is needed to provide a comprehensive care.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2394
Kimberly Morton Cuthrell
Trauma-informed legal advocacy is a compelling approach to utilize when attorneys represent traumatized individuals. Trauma-informed legacy advocacy in partnership with medicolegal approaches is a growing field within the medical and legal professions with theoretical underpinnings still developing. Excessive conflicts, trauma, persecution, human rights violations, and war across the globe are associated with an increased efflux of individuals and families from affected areas and an increased influx of people in host countries that are largely developed countries including North America, Australia, and Europe, making the role of immigration attorneys challenging. The traumatic experiences of these immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers with psychological or neuropsychiatric symptoms not only stem from past traumatic experiences but also are associated with potential fears of being deported, separated from family, legal ramifications, and residential uncertainties in host countries while harboring memories of suffering from fear of persecution due to nationality, race, religion, political opinion, affiliation in a social group, and sexual orientation in countries of origins. Though much of the literature on trauma-informed practice focuses on the secondary traumatic stress of medical professionals, little attention has been geared toward the secondary traumatic effects on attorneys. While the increasing demand for an immigration psychological evaluation may be beneficial for an immigration case and helps create an avenue for immigration attorneys to understand their clients’ traumatic experience, there is a gap in knowledge about how to limit attorneys’ exposure to secondary trauma when providing trauma-informed legal advocacy, how to identify malingering among clients, and how a client’s trauma and memory lapse interplay. This article discusses the importance of immigration attorneys understanding and utilizing trauma-informed legal advocacy, recognizing the re-traumatization of victims during legal appearances, the importance of an immigration psychological evaluation of a client, and developing routine self-care practices.
{"title":"Trauma-Informed Legal Advocacy: Medicolegal Approaches & Best Practices for Immigration Attorneys","authors":"Kimberly Morton Cuthrell","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2394","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma-informed legal advocacy is a compelling approach to utilize when attorneys represent traumatized individuals. Trauma-informed legacy advocacy in partnership with medicolegal approaches is a growing field within the medical and legal professions with theoretical underpinnings still developing. Excessive conflicts, trauma, persecution, human rights violations, and war across the globe are associated with an increased efflux of individuals and families from affected areas and an increased influx of people in host countries that are largely developed countries including North America, Australia, and Europe, making the role of immigration attorneys challenging. The traumatic experiences of these immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers with psychological or neuropsychiatric symptoms not only stem from past traumatic experiences but also are associated with potential fears of being deported, separated from family, legal ramifications, and residential uncertainties in host countries while harboring memories of suffering from fear of persecution due to nationality, race, religion, political opinion, affiliation in a social group, and sexual orientation in countries of origins. Though much of the literature on trauma-informed practice focuses on the secondary traumatic stress of medical professionals, little attention has been geared toward the secondary traumatic effects on attorneys. While the increasing demand for an immigration psychological evaluation may be beneficial for an immigration case and helps create an avenue for immigration attorneys to understand their clients’ traumatic experience, there is a gap in knowledge about how to limit attorneys’ exposure to secondary trauma when providing trauma-informed legal advocacy, how to identify malingering among clients, and how a client’s trauma and memory lapse interplay. This article discusses the importance of immigration attorneys understanding and utilizing trauma-informed legal advocacy, recognizing the re-traumatization of victims during legal appearances, the importance of an immigration psychological evaluation of a client, and developing routine self-care practices.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49125543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2393
Suziane do Socorro dos Santos, Karina Faine da Silva Freitas, Perla Katheleen Valente Corrêa, Yasmin Martins de Sousa, Maria de Lourdes Maia de Moraes de Carvalho, Danielle Etienne de Oliveira Bezerra Lima, T. D. N. Soares, Camila Carvalho do Vale, Jully Greyce Freitas de Paula Ramalho, N. C. O. Andrade, Bruna Rafaela da Silva Sousa, Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves Kimura, J. S. Freitas, D. Sardinha
Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem as a preventable cause in a developing country with great social inequality. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of death due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020 and to analyze the trend of the mortality indicator. It is a cross-sectional and ecological research, with an analytical approach, with public health surveillance data in Brazil. The study analyzed 135,379 deaths from mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020. In the mortality rate, the federation units with the highest rates were Sergipe with 135/100 thousand inhabitants, followed by Minas Gerais 110/100 thousand, Ceará 97 /100 thousand, and Paraná 74/100 thousand. There was a 38% increase in the difference between years, the adherence test was significant 0.0001. The chi- square test was significant by 0.0001, so the male gender is associated with deaths, as well as the young adult age group from 20 to 59, however between 60 and 69 males presented 79% when compared to females, similar to the male gender, is associated with the use of alcohol, multiple drugs, and other psychoactive substances, with the use of cocaine and with the use of tobacco, and with female unspecified dementia, depressive episodes, and vascular dementia. As Brazil is a developing country with great social inequalities, it was to be expected that this cause would be so important in the country. However, public policies should be directed mainly towards the reduction of preventable causes, reducing public spending, and improving the quality of life of the population.
{"title":"Analysis of Causes of Death from Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020","authors":"Suziane do Socorro dos Santos, Karina Faine da Silva Freitas, Perla Katheleen Valente Corrêa, Yasmin Martins de Sousa, Maria de Lourdes Maia de Moraes de Carvalho, Danielle Etienne de Oliveira Bezerra Lima, T. D. N. Soares, Camila Carvalho do Vale, Jully Greyce Freitas de Paula Ramalho, N. C. O. Andrade, Bruna Rafaela da Silva Sousa, Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves Kimura, J. S. Freitas, D. Sardinha","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2393","url":null,"abstract":"Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem as a preventable cause in a developing country with great social inequality. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of death due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020 and to analyze the trend of the mortality indicator. It is a cross-sectional and ecological research, with an analytical approach, with public health surveillance data in Brazil. The study analyzed 135,379 deaths from mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020. In the mortality rate, the federation units with the highest rates were Sergipe with 135/100 thousand inhabitants, followed by Minas Gerais 110/100 thousand, Ceará 97 /100 thousand, and Paraná 74/100 thousand. There was a 38% increase in the difference between years, the adherence test was significant 0.0001. The chi- square test was significant by 0.0001, so the male gender is associated with deaths, as well as the young adult age group from 20 to 59, however between 60 and 69 males presented 79% when compared to females, similar to the male gender, is associated with the use of alcohol, multiple drugs, and other psychoactive substances, with the use of cocaine and with the use of tobacco, and with female unspecified dementia, depressive episodes, and vascular dementia. As Brazil is a developing country with great social inequalities, it was to be expected that this cause would be so important in the country. However, public policies should be directed mainly towards the reduction of preventable causes, reducing public spending, and improving the quality of life of the population.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44557318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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