Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2392
Wala Saleh Albeladi, S. Al-Dubai
Introduction: For several years teachers have been concerned about students who appear normal, intelligent, and healthy, but struggle with reading and learning to read and write. These difficulties are identified under the concept of dyslexia [1]. Dyslexia is defined as learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by problems with fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and interpreting skills. Rationale of Study: Dyslexia appears to be the most common learning disability in mainstream schools since the average number of children with dyslexia universally appears to be between 10-15% of the population [19]. Objectives of the Study: To assess Knowledge and Awareness of al-medina elementary school teachers about reading disability (dyslexia). Methodology: Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in al-Medina city. It is located at the north western region of kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al-Medina city has 208 Elementary female schools and 181 Elementary male schools (published in ministry of education website 1438 The study population included female and male Saudi teachers in primary schools in Al-Medina the total population (Saudi female and male teachers in primary schools) 10,522 expected frequency =50% at 95% confidence level the sample size =371 (calculated by using survey software A self-reported questionnaire was give to primary schools teachers. Results: A total of 380 teachers of elementary school in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia were included in the study. The personal characteristics of the studied subjects are presented in Table 1. The mean (±SD) age of the studied teachers was 40.6(±6.2) years and age ranged from 25-59 years. About 41.6% were above the age of 40 years and about half of the studied teachers were males (51.3%). The majority were married (92.6%), and had more than 3 children. The majority had bachelor degree (72.6%). Almost all the studied teachers reported to have monthly income of more than 8000 SR (97.1%). More than half of the studied teachers were teaching Arabic and Islamic subjects (56.8%), 22.4% of the teachers were teaching science and Mathematics. Teachers with work experience > 10 years were representing 58.2% of the studied sample with the mean years of experience was 8.4 ± 4.6 (1-19 years). Conclusions: The present study revealed that good level of knowledge on dyslexia among the studied elementary school teachers in Madinah City to account (42.9%). The results showed also that the majority of teachers to have positive opinion about the need of educational program and special training courses on dyslexia. Although not significant, good level of knowledge on dyslexia was varied by the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied teachers. The higher level was among teachers aged ≤ 40 years, male teachers, married teachers, teachers having 1-3 children, teachers having bachelor degree. The highest percent of good knowledge was found among science and mathematics teache
{"title":"Knowledge and Awareness of Elementary School Teachers about Reading Disability (Dyslexia) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Medina 2018","authors":"Wala Saleh Albeladi, S. Al-Dubai","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2392","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For several years teachers have been concerned about students who appear normal, intelligent, and healthy, but struggle with reading and learning to read and write. These difficulties are identified under the concept of dyslexia [1]. Dyslexia is defined as learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by problems with fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and interpreting skills.\u0000Rationale of Study: Dyslexia appears to be the most common learning disability in mainstream schools since the average number of children with dyslexia universally appears to be between 10-15% of the population [19].\u0000Objectives of the Study: To assess Knowledge and Awareness of al-medina elementary school teachers about reading disability (dyslexia).\u0000Methodology: Cross sectional study.\u0000This study was conducted in al-Medina city. It is located at the north western region of kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al-Medina city has 208 Elementary female schools and 181 Elementary male schools (published in ministry of education website 1438 The study population included female and male Saudi teachers in primary schools in Al-Medina the total population (Saudi female and male teachers in primary schools) 10,522 expected frequency =50% at 95% confidence level the sample size =371 (calculated by using survey software A self-reported questionnaire was give to primary schools teachers.\u0000Results: A total of 380 teachers of elementary school in Madinah city, Saudi Arabia were included in the study. The personal characteristics of the studied subjects are presented in Table 1. The mean (±SD) age of the studied teachers was 40.6(±6.2) years and age ranged from 25-59 years. About 41.6% were above the age of 40 years and about half of the studied teachers were males (51.3%). The majority were married (92.6%), and had more than 3 children. The majority had bachelor degree (72.6%). Almost all the studied teachers reported to have monthly income of more than 8000 SR (97.1%). More than half of the studied teachers were teaching Arabic and Islamic subjects (56.8%), 22.4% of the teachers were teaching science and Mathematics. Teachers with work experience > 10 years were representing 58.2% of the studied sample with the mean years of experience was 8.4 ± 4.6 (1-19 years).\u0000Conclusions: The present study revealed that good level of knowledge on dyslexia among the studied elementary school teachers in Madinah City to account (42.9%). The results showed also that the majority of teachers to have positive opinion about the need of educational program and special training courses on dyslexia. Although not significant, good level of knowledge on dyslexia was varied by the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied teachers. The higher level was among teachers aged ≤ 40 years, male teachers, married teachers, teachers having 1-3 children, teachers having bachelor degree. The highest percent of good knowledge was found among science and mathematics teache","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42944534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2391
Jennings Hernandez
Psychiatric disorders have multifaceted origins, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute significantly to their development. In recent times, researchers have emphasized the role of epigenetic mechanisms as the underlying molecular foundation for how environmental factors influence biological processes. Consequently, the field of epigenetics has gained growing prominence within the realm of psychiatry as a means to understand these intricate connections. This qualitative research paper explores the role of epigenetics in mental health disorders, focusing on the impact of environmental factors on gene expression. By examining the complex interplay between nature and nurture, the study provides insights into the influence of epigenetic modifications on psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed semi-structured interviews with a broad range of psychiatric, genetic, and epigenetic specialists. In order to find pertinent studies looking at how epigenetic changes affect psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and PTSD, a systematic literature analysis was carried out. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential implications of epigenetic research for personalized treatment approaches and early intervention strategies. Through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of expert interviews, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between epigenetics and mental health.
{"title":"From Environment to Gene Expression: Epigenetics and the Development of Mental Health Disorders","authors":"Jennings Hernandez","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2391","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric disorders have multifaceted origins, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute significantly to their development. In recent times, researchers have emphasized the role of epigenetic mechanisms as the underlying molecular foundation for how environmental factors influence biological processes. Consequently, the field of epigenetics has gained growing prominence within the realm of psychiatry as a means to understand these intricate connections. This qualitative research paper explores the role of epigenetics in mental health disorders, focusing on the impact of environmental factors on gene expression. By examining the complex interplay between nature and nurture, the study provides insights into the influence of epigenetic modifications on psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed semi-structured interviews with a broad range of psychiatric, genetic, and epigenetic specialists. In order to find pertinent studies looking at how epigenetic changes affect psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and PTSD, a systematic literature analysis was carried out. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential implications of epigenetic research for personalized treatment approaches and early intervention strategies. Through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of expert interviews, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between epigenetics and mental health.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2390
Oluwaseun Omole
Aim: The impact of music on mental health, specifically among Nigerian undergraduate students, is an area yet to be fully explored. This study therefore sought to investigate the impact of music listening habits on the mental health of Nigerian undergraduate students. Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study comprised of students from three tertiary institutions in Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, namely: Federal College of Animal Health and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, and Federal College of Agriculture. A random sampling technique was employed to select four hundred (400) undergraduate students who were studying for the National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) respectively. Results: A majority of the respondents (56.75%) listen to music several times a week, with 78% admitting to listening to music while studying. The genres most listened to were Hip hop (35.15%) and Gospel (27.12%). Most students reported feeling happier (39.87%) and more relaxed (33.26%) after listening to music, indicating a positive influence on mood and emotion. Furthermore, 83% of respondents claimed their mood influenced the type of music they chose to listen to, and 71.50% noted that different genres affected their mood distinctly. When asked about their mental health status, most students rated their mental health as good (71.25%) or excellent (26.75%). The majority acknowledged that music significantly influences their mood (87.25%), reduces stress levels (84%), and helps with concentration (85.25%). Up to 95.25% of the students have used music as a coping mechanism during emotional distress. Despite these benefits, a small percentage (2%) observed negative impacts on their mental health linked to their music listening habits. Overall, a significant 86.25% of students believe music positively influences their mental health. Notably, only 2.75% of students have sought professional help for mental health issues, and of these, 72.73% were recommended music as a therapeutic tool. Up to 93% expressed openness to the idea of music therapy. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of music as a tool for enhancing mental health among Nigerian undergraduate students. However, the observed negative impacts on a minority of students highlight the need for further exploration and potential regulation of music-based interventions.
{"title":"Effects of Listening to Music on Mental Health of Nigerian Undergraduate Students","authors":"Oluwaseun Omole","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2390","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The impact of music on mental health, specifically among Nigerian undergraduate students, is an area yet to be fully explored. This study therefore sought to investigate the impact of music listening habits on the mental health of Nigerian undergraduate students. \u0000Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study comprised of students from three tertiary institutions in Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, namely: Federal College of Animal Health and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, and Federal College of Agriculture. A random sampling technique was employed to select four hundred (400) undergraduate students who were studying for the National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) respectively. \u0000Results: A majority of the respondents (56.75%) listen to music several times a week, with 78% admitting to listening to music while studying. The genres most listened to were Hip hop (35.15%) and Gospel (27.12%). Most students reported feeling happier (39.87%) and more relaxed (33.26%) after listening to music, indicating a positive influence on mood and emotion. Furthermore, 83% of respondents claimed their mood influenced the type of music they chose to listen to, and 71.50% noted that different genres affected their mood distinctly. When asked about their mental health status, most students rated their mental health as good (71.25%) or excellent (26.75%). The majority acknowledged that music significantly influences their mood (87.25%), reduces stress levels (84%), and helps with concentration (85.25%). Up to 95.25% of the students have used music as a coping mechanism during emotional distress. Despite these benefits, a small percentage (2%) observed negative impacts on their mental health linked to their music listening habits. Overall, a significant 86.25% of students believe music positively influences their mental health. Notably, only 2.75% of students have sought professional help for mental health issues, and of these, 72.73% were recommended music as a therapeutic tool. Up to 93% expressed openness to the idea of music therapy. \u0000Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of music as a tool for enhancing mental health among Nigerian undergraduate students. However, the observed negative impacts on a minority of students highlight the need for further exploration and potential regulation of music-based interventions.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2389
Zhao Song, Lilong Zhan, L. Nong
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects and safety of hyperbaric oxygen in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic prostatitis and depression. Methods: A total of 120 middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic prostatitis and depression were enrolled at Qingdao's Jiaozhou Central Hospital. Before and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the symptom scoring scale (NIH) and Hamilton Depression Scale (ADMH) scores, testosterone levels, and clinical efficacy were all recorded, and the differences were analyzed using correlation analysis and an independent sample t-test. Results: Compared with patients before hyperbaric oxygen therapy, NIH-CPSIand AMDH scores were lower, and testosterone levels were higher, which was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The effect of hyperbaric oxygen combination on patients with chronic prostatitis and depression is remarkable, and the level of testosterone is significantly improved, which can effectively improve their clinical symptoms and depressive symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients.
{"title":"Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Chronic Prostatitis and Depression","authors":"Zhao Song, Lilong Zhan, L. Nong","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i2389","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects and safety of hyperbaric oxygen in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic prostatitis and depression.\u0000Methods: A total of 120 middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic prostatitis and depression were enrolled at Qingdao's Jiaozhou Central Hospital. Before and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the symptom scoring scale (NIH) and Hamilton Depression Scale (ADMH) scores, testosterone levels, and clinical efficacy were all recorded, and the differences were analyzed using correlation analysis and an independent sample t-test.\u0000Results: Compared with patients before hyperbaric oxygen therapy, NIH-CPSIand AMDH scores were lower, and testosterone levels were higher, which was statistically significant (P <0.05).\u0000Conclusion: The effect of hyperbaric oxygen combination on patients with chronic prostatitis and depression is remarkable, and the level of testosterone is significantly improved, which can effectively improve their clinical symptoms and depressive symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1388
Francisco de Sousa Holanda, W. B. D’Alessandro, I. A. M. Damasceno, P. Vellano, Leda Terezinha Freitas e Silva, Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto Herrera, Maykon Jhuly Martins De Paiva
Aims: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the associated factors that contribute to delay in prehospital myocardial infarction, based on published literature. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze the associated factors with delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI). Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were searched using predefined search terms in electronic databases. Study selection involved screening titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles. Data from selected studies were extracted and analyzed qualitatively to identify common patterns and associations. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools, and the findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Sociodemographic and clinical factors, such as older age, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, were consistently associated with delayed presentation to healthcare facilities. Individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, were also more likely to experience delays in seeking medical attention for MI symptoms. Psychosocial and behavioral factors, such as fear, denial, low health literacy, and misconceptions about the seriousness of the condition, further impeded timely recognition and response. Additionally, system-level factors, including inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and overcrowding in emergency departments, contributed to diagnostic delays. Conclusion: The delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and system-level factors contribute to this delay. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions, education, and improved access to healthcare can help mitigate delays, improve timely recognition, and enhance outcomes for individuals experiencing MI.
{"title":"Associated Factors with Delay in Prehospital Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Francisco de Sousa Holanda, W. B. D’Alessandro, I. A. M. Damasceno, P. Vellano, Leda Terezinha Freitas e Silva, Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto Herrera, Maykon Jhuly Martins De Paiva","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1388","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the associated factors that contribute to delay in prehospital myocardial infarction, based on published literature. \u0000Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze the associated factors with delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI). Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were searched using predefined search terms in electronic databases. Study selection involved screening titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles. Data from selected studies were extracted and analyzed qualitatively to identify common patterns and associations. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools, and the findings were synthesized narratively. \u0000Results: Sociodemographic and clinical factors, such as older age, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, were consistently associated with delayed presentation to healthcare facilities. Individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, were also more likely to experience delays in seeking medical attention for MI symptoms. Psychosocial and behavioral factors, such as fear, denial, low health literacy, and misconceptions about the seriousness of the condition, further impeded timely recognition and response. Additionally, system-level factors, including inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and overcrowding in emergency departments, contributed to diagnostic delays. \u0000Conclusion: The delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and system-level factors contribute to this delay. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions, education, and improved access to healthcare can help mitigate delays, improve timely recognition, and enhance outcomes for individuals experiencing MI.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1387
M. Umar, Z. G. Habib, Usman M. Umar, A. Yakasai, Kawther I. Inuwa, A. Salihu, M. A. Habib, Sumayya I. Inuwa, M. Gudaji, Shakirah D. Owoloabi, A. Baguda, A. Taura, C. N. Aghukwa, Ahmad M. Abubakar, Z. Habib, F. Babandi
HIV has been associated with neurocognitive impairment which may be due to the direct effect of the virus, indirect effect or due to medications side effects or due to a combination of factors. HIV and depression have been shown separately to have neurocognitive deficits. Aim: Determine the prevalence of NCI and factors associated with it among depressed and non-depressed patients with HIV on combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). Methodology. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV (PLHIV) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Participants were grouped into HIV with depression and HIV without depression groups based on current diagnosis using the depression module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-7th edition. A multi-domain neuropsychological battery (MDNPT) of 5 tests (assessed 5 cognitive domains) was used to diagnose Neurocognitive impairment. Results: Fifty-seven percent of the study sample were females, and the mean age of the participants was 37.54 (±10.04) years with an age range of 18-65 years. The prevalence of NCI was 74% among the depressed 68.3% among the non-depressed group (p=0.484). Years of education and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI in the depressed group (p < 0.05 respectively). While among the non-depressed group, Years of education, average monthly income and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI (p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusion: Neurocognitive impairment occurs in HIV-positive patients but is worsened by a depressive disorder. There is a need to adequately assess and treat HIV patients with depression. Treatment may improve neurocognitive impairment in depressed HIV patients.
{"title":"Neurocognitive Impairment in Patients with HIV and Depression in Nigeria","authors":"M. Umar, Z. G. Habib, Usman M. Umar, A. Yakasai, Kawther I. Inuwa, A. Salihu, M. A. Habib, Sumayya I. Inuwa, M. Gudaji, Shakirah D. Owoloabi, A. Baguda, A. Taura, C. N. Aghukwa, Ahmad M. Abubakar, Z. Habib, F. Babandi","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1387","url":null,"abstract":"HIV has been associated with neurocognitive impairment which may be due to the direct effect of the virus, indirect effect or due to medications side effects or due to a combination of factors. HIV and depression have been shown separately to have neurocognitive deficits. \u0000Aim: Determine the prevalence of NCI and factors associated with it among depressed and non-depressed patients with HIV on combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). \u0000Methodology. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV (PLHIV) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Participants were grouped into HIV with depression and HIV without depression groups based on current diagnosis using the depression module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-7th edition. A multi-domain neuropsychological battery (MDNPT) of 5 tests (assessed 5 cognitive domains) was used to diagnose Neurocognitive impairment. \u0000Results: Fifty-seven percent of the study sample were females, and the mean age of the participants was 37.54 (±10.04) years with an age range of 18-65 years. \u0000The prevalence of NCI was 74% among the depressed 68.3% among the non-depressed group (p=0.484). Years of education and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI in the depressed group (p < 0.05 respectively). While among the non-depressed group, Years of education, average monthly income and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI (p < 0.05 respectively). \u0000Conclusion: Neurocognitive impairment occurs in HIV-positive patients but is worsened by a depressive disorder. There is a need to adequately assess and treat HIV patients with depression. Treatment may improve neurocognitive impairment in depressed HIV patients.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1386
R. Ali, Fahad G. Alshareef, M. Al-qahtani, O. Almuqrin, H. Aloraini, Assaf Alshibani, A. Hommadi
Background: Migraine is a prevalent and incapacitating neurological illness that affects a considerable section of the global population. In a community context, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of migraine and its associated comorbidities, triggers, and impact on quality of life. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among Saudi Board Family residents. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on migraine prevalence, related comorbidities, triggers, and impact on quality of life. Additionally, demographic information was collected. Using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis, the data were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of migraine was 23.8% among the individuals. Multiple comorbidities, including bronchial asthma, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome, were found to be strongly linked with migraine. Participants cited stress, sleep deprivation or disturbance, and dehydration as the most prevalent migraine triggers. Participants with migraine reported a considerably higher prevalence of physical activity limitation, missed work, and abstinence from social events as a result of their migraine headache compared to participants without migraine. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the prevalence, comorbidities, triggers, and impact of migraine on quality of life among Saudi Board Family residents. The findings underscore the substantial impact of migraine on individuals and society and emphasize the need for appropriate therapy techniques that account for the unique nature of migraine and its associated comorbidities and triggers.
{"title":"Migraine: Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Impact on Quality of Life among Saudi Board Family Medicine Residents in Riyadh, KSA","authors":"R. Ali, Fahad G. Alshareef, M. Al-qahtani, O. Almuqrin, H. Aloraini, Assaf Alshibani, A. Hommadi","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1386","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Migraine is a prevalent and incapacitating neurological illness that affects a considerable section of the global population. In a community context, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of migraine and its associated comorbidities, triggers, and impact on quality of life. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among Saudi Board Family residents. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on migraine prevalence, related comorbidities, triggers, and impact on quality of life. Additionally, demographic information was collected. Using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis, the data were evaluated. \u0000Results: The prevalence of migraine was 23.8% among the individuals. Multiple comorbidities, including bronchial asthma, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome, were found to be strongly linked with migraine. Participants cited stress, sleep deprivation or disturbance, and dehydration as the most prevalent migraine triggers. Participants with migraine reported a considerably higher prevalence of physical activity limitation, missed work, and abstinence from social events as a result of their migraine headache compared to participants without migraine. \u0000Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the prevalence, comorbidities, triggers, and impact of migraine on quality of life among Saudi Board Family residents. The findings underscore the substantial impact of migraine on individuals and society and emphasize the need for appropriate therapy techniques that account for the unique nature of migraine and its associated comorbidities and triggers.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1385
F. Babandi, Z. G. Habib, U. M. Usman, M. I. Gudaji, A. S. Salihu, Maryam A. Habib, Sumayya I. Inuwa, Kawther I. Inuwa, Abdulfatai Bakare, A. M. Ahmad
Background: The prevalence of antenatal depression (AND) is consistently higher in urban areas in developed counties while the reverse is the case in developing counties developing countries. This highlights that socioeconomic gaps and health disparities between different settings could have important implications on perinatal mental health. Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa, is home to multiple ethnic and cultural groups and about half of the population is rural. But then a majority of Nigerian studies on and were conducted in the urban and semi-urban southern regions. Few, if any, such studies were ever conducted in the urban or rural settings of northern Nigeria. The study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence and factors associated with AND among pregnant women in urban and rural northern Nigeria settings. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal clinic attendees of an urban and a rural health facility in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Data were collected from pregnant mothers. A socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire was used to obtain the relevant data. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the major depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-7) were used to screen, rate and diagnose depression among the respondents respectively.
Results: The urban pregnant women were older (28.3±5.7 versus 26.0±5.6 years, p=0.001), better educated (12.8±2.8 versus 8.9±4.3 years of schooling, p<0.001), earning higher average monthly income (36.0 USD vs 13.0 USD, p<0.001), in the second trimester of the pregnancy (22% versus 9.7%, p=0.004). While the rural women were more likely to have planned to get pregnant (84.1% versus 69.3%, p=0.003) and used psychoactive substances while pregnant (20.7% versus 8.7%, p=0.003). The prevalence of AND was significantly higher among the rural respondents as compared to the urban respondents (33.1% versus 14.7% p<0.001). Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP), a history of a background medical problem (BMP) was significantly associated with AND in the urban setting (p= 0.032 and p= 0.001 respectively). While in the rural setting, AIP and a history of BMP were significantly associated with AND (p=0.0063 and p=0.008 respectively). Furthermore, among the multigravid urban and rural respondents, previous pregnancy complication was found to be significantly associated with AND (p=0.030). Among the urban women, the predictor for AND was a history of BMP (OR=5.049, 95%CI=1.451-17.570). The significant predictors for AND in the rural setting were AIP (OR=3.337, 95%CI=1.468-7.798) and history of BMP (OR=3.298, 95%CI=1.267-8.885).
Conclusion: Rural prevalence of AND was significantly much higher than the urban rate. Certain factors, such as BMP and AIP, were associated with AND in both urban and rural settings.
{"title":"A Comparison of Antenatal Depressive Disorders in Urban and Rural Pregnant Women in Nigeria","authors":"F. Babandi, Z. G. Habib, U. M. Usman, M. I. Gudaji, A. S. Salihu, Maryam A. Habib, Sumayya I. Inuwa, Kawther I. Inuwa, Abdulfatai Bakare, A. M. Ahmad","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1385","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of antenatal depression (AND) is consistently higher in urban areas in developed counties while the reverse is the case in developing counties developing countries. This highlights that socioeconomic gaps and health disparities between different settings could have important implications on perinatal mental health. Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa, is home to multiple ethnic and cultural groups and about half of the population is rural. But then a majority of Nigerian studies on and were conducted in the urban and semi-urban southern regions. Few, if any, such studies were ever conducted in the urban or rural settings of northern Nigeria. The study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence and factors associated with AND among pregnant women in urban and rural northern Nigeria settings. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal clinic attendees of an urban and a rural health facility in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Data were collected from pregnant mothers. A socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire was used to obtain the relevant data. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the major depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-7) were used to screen, rate and diagnose depression among the respondents respectively.
 Results: The urban pregnant women were older (28.3±5.7 versus 26.0±5.6 years, p=0.001), better educated (12.8±2.8 versus 8.9±4.3 years of schooling, p<0.001), earning higher average monthly income (36.0 USD vs 13.0 USD, p<0.001), in the second trimester of the pregnancy (22% versus 9.7%, p=0.004). While the rural women were more likely to have planned to get pregnant (84.1% versus 69.3%, p=0.003) and used psychoactive substances while pregnant (20.7% versus 8.7%, p=0.003). The prevalence of AND was significantly higher among the rural respondents as compared to the urban respondents (33.1% versus 14.7% p<0.001). Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP), a history of a background medical problem (BMP) was significantly associated with AND in the urban setting (p= 0.032 and p= 0.001 respectively). While in the rural setting, AIP and a history of BMP were significantly associated with AND (p=0.0063 and p=0.008 respectively). Furthermore, among the multigravid urban and rural respondents, previous pregnancy complication was found to be significantly associated with AND (p=0.030). Among the urban women, the predictor for AND was a history of BMP (OR=5.049, 95%CI=1.451-17.570). The significant predictors for AND in the rural setting were AIP (OR=3.337, 95%CI=1.468-7.798) and history of BMP (OR=3.298, 95%CI=1.267-8.885).
 Conclusion: Rural prevalence of AND was significantly much higher than the urban rate. Certain factors, such as BMP and AIP, were associated with AND in both urban and rural settings.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1383
Ilaha Karimova, A. Kratovska, Sanita Ponomorjova, Ieva Buce, Arturs Silovs, A. Ligers, R. Mohammadian
Introduction: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. However, the occurrence of prolonged hemodynamic instability, characterized by hypotension and bradycardia, can present challenges during and after CAS. Interestingly, this phenomenon does not seem to be related to the patients' underlying cardiac conditions but may be more prevalent in elderly women. Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe the clinical case of a 60-year-old male patient with a history of multiple cardiac conditions who encountered prolonged bradycardia and hypotension following CAS. The management approach focused on continuous monitoring and prompt intervention to stabilize the vital signs. Conclusion: By enhancing our understanding of these complications and associated risk factors, healthcare providers can develop safer and more effective treatment strategies for patients undergoing CAS for carotid artery stenosis. This knowledge will contribute to improved patient care and better outcomes in this particular clinical setting.
{"title":"Prolonged Hemodynamic Instability with Hypotension and Bradycardia Following Carotid Artery Stenting: A Case Report","authors":"Ilaha Karimova, A. Kratovska, Sanita Ponomorjova, Ieva Buce, Arturs Silovs, A. Ligers, R. Mohammadian","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v20i1383","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. However, the occurrence of prolonged hemodynamic instability, characterized by hypotension and bradycardia, can present challenges during and after CAS. Interestingly, this phenomenon does not seem to be related to the patients' underlying cardiac conditions but may be more prevalent in elderly women. \u0000Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe the clinical case of a 60-year-old male patient with a history of multiple cardiac conditions who encountered prolonged bradycardia and hypotension following CAS. The management approach focused on continuous monitoring and prompt intervention to stabilize the vital signs. \u0000Conclusion: By enhancing our understanding of these complications and associated risk factors, healthcare providers can develop safer and more effective treatment strategies for patients undergoing CAS for carotid artery stenosis. This knowledge will contribute to improved patient care and better outcomes in this particular clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46901798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4382
N. Gopalli, S. Loganathan, M. Murthy, S. Hossien
Rising life expectancy is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic diseases like dementia. The prevalence of dementia is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries. The public's awareness of dementia in India is low. Help-seeking is largely dependent on one’s socio-cultural perspective of a sickness episode and one’s beliefs about the aetiology, course, and outcome of the illness. Dementia is still not conceptualised as a health problem, and it is believed to be a consequence of normal ageing. So carers are not concerned about seeking help. We interviewed 35 carers of persons with dementia (as per ICD-10) using the Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI). We explored the explanatory models of dementia given by caregivers of people with dementia. Qualitative data analysis was done using ATLAS.ti. We identified four main themes that carers expressed, namely, I) Problems of the patient: Many caregivers reported that memory loss, behavioural problems, and impaired biological functioning were their main concerns. II) Cause of problem: caregivers expressed that psychosocial stress, ageing, and black magic were causes of dementia. III) Reason to visit and expectation: most caregivers consulted doctors due to the worsening of their relatives' problems, and they were advised by others to visit. They expected medicines, better treatment, and a cure from doctors, and IV) Outcome of problem: caregivers were worried about problems with appetite, memory loss, impaired verbal communication, difficulty at work, and their relatives going missing. Caregivers have the idea that their relative had some problem that involved the brain, but most of them attribute this to the consequences of ageing due to psychosocial factors like excessive stress, bad interpersonal relationships, life events, economic crises, and black magic. There is a need for an awareness-raising campaign for dementia in the community at large concerning its cause, symptoms, course, progression, and most importantly, locally available services.
{"title":"Explanatory Models of Dementia among Caregivers of Elderly Persons with Dementia – Analysis of Secondary Data","authors":"N. Gopalli, S. Loganathan, M. Murthy, S. Hossien","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4382","url":null,"abstract":"Rising life expectancy is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic diseases like dementia. The prevalence of dementia is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries. The public's awareness of dementia in India is low. Help-seeking is largely dependent on one’s socio-cultural perspective of a sickness episode and one’s beliefs about the aetiology, course, and outcome of the illness. Dementia is still not conceptualised as a health problem, and it is believed to be a consequence of normal ageing. So carers are not concerned about seeking help. We interviewed 35 carers of persons with dementia (as per ICD-10) using the Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI). We explored the explanatory models of dementia given by caregivers of people with dementia. Qualitative data analysis was done using ATLAS.ti. We identified four main themes that carers expressed, namely, I) Problems of the patient: Many caregivers reported that memory loss, behavioural problems, and impaired biological functioning were their main concerns. II) Cause of problem: caregivers expressed that psychosocial stress, ageing, and black magic were causes of dementia. III) Reason to visit and expectation: most caregivers consulted doctors due to the worsening of their relatives' problems, and they were advised by others to visit. They expected medicines, better treatment, and a cure from doctors, and IV) Outcome of problem: caregivers were worried about problems with appetite, memory loss, impaired verbal communication, difficulty at work, and their relatives going missing. Caregivers have the idea that their relative had some problem that involved the brain, but most of them attribute this to the consequences of ageing due to psychosocial factors like excessive stress, bad interpersonal relationships, life events, economic crises, and black magic. There is a need for an awareness-raising campaign for dementia in the community at large concerning its cause, symptoms, course, progression, and most importantly, locally available services.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41625031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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