Background: During Plasmodium falciparum infection, cytokines are said to be elevated in the peripheral blood and may contribute to parasite clearance and also, likely to be responsible for many of the symptoms and pathological changes observed during malaria disease. Aim: this study evaluated specific cytokines as possible tool for diagnosis and prognosis of uncomplicated malaria in adult patients. Methods: Prospective 147 apparently malaria adult patients were microscopically screened and parasite load quantified. Blood donors (n=30) were used as control group A (CA) and parasite negative patients (n=26) as control group B (CB). The study took place between Aug. and Dec. 2014. The Cytokines (IL 12 and IL 18) levels were measured using ELIZA method. The data generated were analyzed using SPSS (15) two step cluster analysis for categorical variable and ANOVA excel single factor package was used to test significance differences between test and control groups. Results: Only 34/147 (23.1 %) were malarial positive, with mean parasite density of 2,384 ± 26,191 parasites/μl. Uncomplicated adult malaria had lower (30.2 ± 56.7ng/L) IL-12 concentration when compared with the controls and higher (30.9 ± 36.5ng/L) IL-18 for CA and not for CB. The mean analyses of variance between the groups were not statistically significant at 95% confidence interval: IL- 12 T versus (vs.) CA, P=0.899; IL-12 T vs. CB, P=0.600. For cytokine IL-18 (T) vs. CA, P=0.674; IL-18 (T) vs. CB, P=0.509. There was no significant difference between the two control groups: IL -12 CA vs. CB, P=0.7696 and IL-18 CA vs. CB, P=0.599. Conclusion: Excluding the outliers, the low production of IL-12 with higher level of IL-18 by majority of the patients indicates protective characteristics of pro-inflammatory cytokines studied; this is prognostic in nature. However, the report of mean ratio (IL-12/lL18) of 0.886, 0.955 and 0.916 ng/L for the T, CA and CB respectively were not discriminatory and therefore not diagnostic.
背景:在恶性疟原虫感染期间，据说外周血中的细胞因子升高，可能有助于寄生虫清除，也可能是疟疾疾病期间观察到的许多症状和病理变化的原因。目的:本研究评估特异性细胞因子作为成人无并发症疟疾患者诊断和预后的可能工具。方法:对147例有明显疟疾症状的成人患者进行镜下筛选，并对其寄生虫载量进行定量分析。将献血者(n=30)作为对照组A (CA)，将寄生虫阴性患者(n=26)作为对照组B (CB)。这项研究在2014年8月至12月期间进行。elisa法检测细胞因子(IL 12和IL 18)水平。产生的数据采用SPSS(15)两步聚类分析进行分类变量分析，采用方差分析excel单因素包检验实验组与对照组之间的显著性差异。结果:阳性率为23.1%(34/147)，平均寄生虫密度为2384±26191只/μl。无并发症的成年疟疾患者IL-12浓度低于对照组(30.2±56.7ng/L)， CA组IL-18浓度高于对照组(30.9±36.5ng/L)，而CB组IL-18浓度高于对照组(30.9±36.5ng/L)。各组间方差均值分析在95%置信区间无统计学意义:IL- 12 T对(vs.) CA, P=0.899;IL-12 T vs. CB, P=0.600。细胞因子IL-18 (T)与CA, P=0.674;IL-18 (T) vs. CB, P=0.509。对照组IL -12 CA vs. CB, P=0.7696;对照组IL-18 CA vs. CB, P=0.599。结论:排除异常值，大多数患者IL-12的低生成和IL-18的高表达表明所研究的促炎细胞因子具有保护特性;这在本质上是一种预测。然而，T、CA和CB的平均比值(IL-12/lL18)分别为0.886、0.955和0.916 ng/L，不具有歧视性，因此不具有诊断意义。
{"title":"Specific Cytokine Assay for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Malaria in Adult Patients in a Holoendemic Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Christian Azubike Enwurua, Toyn Awoderua, Nkechi Veronica Enwurub, Samue, Nduagaa, Faustina Uloma Ezeamaramua, Akindelea, Morakinyo Bamikole Ajayia, AdeshnaA. Adeigaa","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During Plasmodium falciparum infection, cytokines are said to be elevated in the peripheral blood and may contribute to parasite clearance and also, likely to be responsible for many of the symptoms and pathological changes observed during malaria disease. Aim: this study evaluated specific cytokines as possible tool for diagnosis and prognosis of uncomplicated malaria in adult patients. Methods: Prospective 147 apparently malaria adult patients were microscopically screened and parasite load quantified. Blood donors (n=30) were used as control group A (CA) and parasite negative patients (n=26) as control group B (CB). The study took place between Aug. and Dec. 2014. The Cytokines (IL 12 and IL 18) levels were measured using ELIZA method. The data generated were analyzed using SPSS (15) two step cluster analysis for categorical variable and ANOVA excel single factor package was used to test significance differences between test and control groups. Results: Only 34/147 (23.1 %) were malarial positive, with mean parasite density of 2,384 ± 26,191 parasites/μl. Uncomplicated adult malaria had lower (30.2 ± 56.7ng/L) IL-12 concentration when compared with the controls and higher (30.9 ± 36.5ng/L) IL-18 for CA and not for CB. The mean analyses of variance between the groups were not statistically significant at 95% confidence interval: IL- 12 T versus (vs.) CA, P=0.899; IL-12 T vs. CB, P=0.600. For cytokine IL-18 (T) vs. CA, P=0.674; IL-18 (T) vs. CB, P=0.509. There was no significant difference between the two control groups: IL -12 CA vs. CB, P=0.7696 and IL-18 CA vs. CB, P=0.599. Conclusion: Excluding the outliers, the low production of IL-12 with higher level of IL-18 by majority of the patients indicates protective characteristics of pro-inflammatory cytokines studied; this is prognostic in nature. However, the report of mean ratio (IL-12/lL18) of 0.886, 0.955 and 0.916 ng/L for the T, CA and CB respectively were not discriminatory and therefore not diagnostic.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"143 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.E106
R. Berg
{"title":"Study Plan of Infectious Diseases","authors":"R. Berg","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.E106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.233
A. Kalu, Nwufo Am
Dracunculiasis is a parasitic worm infection also known as Guinea Worm Disease (GWD). It is caused by a nematode called Dracunculiasis Medinensis. It belongs to a group of communicable disease named Neglected Tropic Disease (NTD). Dracunculiasis is caused by drinking water contaminated with the vector copepods (water fleas). Although the disease is not fatal, the sores caused by the emerging worm in the lower limb, can become secondary infected and complications such as sepsis, tetanus can ensue. Also, the sores can cause abscess and cellulitis, leaving the individual incapacitated for weeks which extends beyond the emergence of the worm. Over the last three decades, the prevalence of Guinea worm disease has reduced drastically through cost effective intervention provided by The Cater Center, WHO, UNICEF with the disease targeted for eradication. Some African countries like Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, and Kenya being the most recent, have eliminated the disease. Guinea worm is still present in Chad, Cameroon, Mali, Ethiopia where political instability, social inequalities and infection of dogs by the worm pose an increasing threat and obstacle to the elimination of the disease. Dracunculiasis represents a disease that can be eradicated without a drug or vaccine but with a cost-effective intervention that involves community efforts.
{"title":"Insecurities and Dogs: An Obstacle to the Eradication of Dracunculiasis","authors":"A. Kalu, Nwufo Am","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.233","url":null,"abstract":"Dracunculiasis is a parasitic worm infection also known as Guinea Worm Disease (GWD). It is caused by a nematode called Dracunculiasis Medinensis. It belongs to a group of communicable disease named Neglected Tropic Disease (NTD). Dracunculiasis is caused by drinking water contaminated with the vector copepods (water fleas). Although the disease is not fatal, the sores caused by the emerging worm in the lower limb, can become secondary infected and complications such as sepsis, tetanus can ensue. Also, the sores can cause abscess and cellulitis, leaving the individual incapacitated for weeks which extends beyond the emergence of the worm. Over the last three decades, the prevalence of Guinea worm disease has reduced drastically through cost effective intervention provided by The Cater Center, WHO, UNICEF with the disease targeted for eradication. Some African countries like Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, and Kenya being the most recent, have eliminated the disease. Guinea worm is still present in Chad, Cameroon, Mali, Ethiopia where political instability, social inequalities and infection of dogs by the worm pose an increasing threat and obstacle to the elimination of the disease. Dracunculiasis represents a disease that can be eradicated without a drug or vaccine but with a cost-effective intervention that involves community efforts.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.249
Shreyas Adwick
{"title":"Challenges of Tropical Medicine","authors":"Shreyas Adwick","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.232
K. Mwamwitwa, Betty A. Mag, Seth Kisenge, Sophia A. Mziray, H. Irunde, Yonah H. Mwalwisi, Adam Fimbo, Wilbroad Kalala, A. Mtenga, Akida Khea, Adonis Bitegeko, D. Shewiyo, E. Kaale, Bl, ina T. Mbaga
Background: The use of substandard and falsified (SF) anti-tuberculosis (ant-TB) medicines may lead to treatment failure and development of drug resistance. SF medicinal products are claimed to be more prevalent in developing countries with high burden of tuberculosis disease. National Regulatory Authorities therefore, should ensure that the quality of these life-saving medicines is systematically monitored. We conducted a post marketing surveillance study to determine the quality of anti-tuberculosis medicines circulating on the market in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted between 2012 and 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used in collecting a total of 777 samples of anti-tuberculosis medicines. Samples were collected from ports of entry, Medical Stores Department (MSD) and healthcare facilities in 16 regions of Tanzania Mainland. All collected samples were subjected quality screening using Global Pharma Health Fund® (GPHF) Mini-Lab kits. Only samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities were subjected to product information review. Samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities that did not comply with GPHF protocol requirements or yielded doubtful results and ten percent (10%) of all those that complied were subjected to tier II confirmatory testing using full pharmacopoeia monographs at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Device (TMDA) Quality Control Laboratory which is prequalified by the World Health Organization. Results: All 777 collected samples complied with the requirements of both GPHF minilab protocol and respective compendial monographs when subjected to screening and confirmatory testing, respectively. Of the samples collected from medicine distribution outlets 71.3% (176/247) samples did not comply with product information requirements as per TMDA labelling requirements and approved product information. Conclusion: These Results calls for continuously reinforcing and monitoring of Ant-TB medicines to ensure that only those of good quality and proper information are circulating on the Tanzanian mainland market.
{"title":"Quality Surveillance of Anti-Tuberculosis Medicines in Tanzania, 2012-2018","authors":"K. Mwamwitwa, Betty A. Mag, Seth Kisenge, Sophia A. Mziray, H. Irunde, Yonah H. Mwalwisi, Adam Fimbo, Wilbroad Kalala, A. Mtenga, Akida Khea, Adonis Bitegeko, D. Shewiyo, E. Kaale, Bl, ina T. Mbaga","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of substandard and falsified (SF) anti-tuberculosis (ant-TB) medicines may lead to treatment failure and development of drug resistance. SF medicinal products are claimed to be more prevalent in developing countries with high burden of tuberculosis disease. National Regulatory Authorities therefore, should ensure that the quality of these life-saving medicines is systematically monitored. We conducted a post marketing surveillance study to determine the quality of anti-tuberculosis medicines circulating on the market in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted between 2012 and 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used in collecting a total of 777 samples of anti-tuberculosis medicines. Samples were collected from ports of entry, Medical Stores Department (MSD) and healthcare facilities in 16 regions of Tanzania Mainland. All collected samples were subjected quality screening using Global Pharma Health Fund® (GPHF) Mini-Lab kits. Only samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities were subjected to product information review. Samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities that did not comply with GPHF protocol requirements or yielded doubtful results and ten percent (10%) of all those that complied were subjected to tier II confirmatory testing using full pharmacopoeia monographs at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Device (TMDA) Quality Control Laboratory which is prequalified by the World Health Organization. Results: All 777 collected samples complied with the requirements of both GPHF minilab protocol and respective compendial monographs when subjected to screening and confirmatory testing, respectively. Of the samples collected from medicine distribution outlets 71.3% (176/247) samples did not comply with product information requirements as per TMDA labelling requirements and approved product information. Conclusion: These Results calls for continuously reinforcing and monitoring of Ant-TB medicines to ensure that only those of good quality and proper information are circulating on the Tanzanian mainland market.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.235
C. Ntihabose, Bonaventure Twahirwa
Objective: Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure performed by gynaecologists. Most studies reporting on surgical procedures emphasize surgical outcomes such as operation time, surgical complications and hospital stay. Most women undergo hysterectomy to relieve symptoms and improve their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). It is an important outcome variable in clinical research for benign gynaecological conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL in women after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. Objective: Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure performed by gynaecologists. Most studies reporting on surgical procedures emphasize surgical outcomes such as operation time, surgical complications and hospital stay. Most women undergo hysterectomy to relieve symptoms and improve their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). It is an important outcome variable in clinical research for benign gynaecological conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL in women after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. Results: The mean age of patients was 51 ± 9 years. Most of the women were premenopausal (64.1%). The most common indications for hysterectomy were fibroids (52.2%) and uterine prolapse (22.8%). Most of the hysterectomies (76.1%) were performed transabdominally. The average length of hospital stay was 6 ± 4 days. All domains showed significant improvement in HRQoL scores after hysterectomy (p<0.001). The physical health component summary improved from 28.8 to 61.3(p<0.001) and the mental health component summary improved from 35.8 to 67.0 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Health related quality of life significantly improve after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. These findings are vital and may be useful to patients and health care providers in counselling women before hysterectomy.
{"title":"Health Related Quality of Life after Hysterectomy Performed for Benign Conditions in Tertiary Hospitals, Rwanda","authors":"C. Ntihabose, Bonaventure Twahirwa","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.235","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure performed by gynaecologists. Most studies reporting on surgical procedures emphasize surgical outcomes such as operation time, surgical complications and hospital stay. Most women undergo hysterectomy to relieve symptoms and improve their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). It is an important outcome variable in clinical research for benign gynaecological conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL in women after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. Objective: Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure performed by gynaecologists. Most studies reporting on surgical procedures emphasize surgical outcomes such as operation time, surgical complications and hospital stay. Most women undergo hysterectomy to relieve symptoms and improve their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). It is an important outcome variable in clinical research for benign gynaecological conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL in women after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. Results: The mean age of patients was 51 ± 9 years. Most of the women were premenopausal (64.1%). The most common indications for hysterectomy were fibroids (52.2%) and uterine prolapse (22.8%). Most of the hysterectomies (76.1%) were performed transabdominally. The average length of hospital stay was 6 ± 4 days. All domains showed significant improvement in HRQoL scores after hysterectomy (p<0.001). The physical health component summary improved from 28.8 to 61.3(p<0.001) and the mental health component summary improved from 35.8 to 67.0 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Health related quality of life significantly improve after hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in Rwanda. These findings are vital and may be useful to patients and health care providers in counselling women before hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.S1.001
C. R. Basso, G. Castro, V. Pedrosa
Recently, our group published a paper describing the detection of the dengue virus using nanoparticles conjugated to antibodies. The article presents itself in a useful, interesting and comprehensive way as a potential diagnostic tool for patients. In this brief commentary, we extend our contributions, focusing on the hidden challenges and proposing solutions to some of your problems encountered, in addition to highlighting all the efficiency of this new methodology. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 billion people in the world are affected by a set of diseases called neglected, which mainly affect poor populations living in tropical and subtropical developing countries [1]. Among these diseases, we have dengue [2]. Dengue is an infectious viral disease that has four serotypes (DENV 1-4). The transmission of the virus occurs through the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, mainly A. aegypti. This mosquito is the same vector as Chikungunya, Yellow Fever and Zika virus. In Brazil, dengue is endemic throughout the national territory, with 247,393 cases notified in 2018, 1,544,987 in 2019 and 987,173 in 2020 [3]. We are the fifth largest country in the world in territorial extension, with many regions of native forest, where access occurs mainly by boats, causing a greater difficulty for an effective and simple diagnosis for dengue. The disease presents the following symptoms such as high fever, muscle and joint pain, headache, skin blemishes, pain in the back of the eye, characteristic rash, nausea, vomiting and in some cases, it can occur an evolution of the disease starting a more serious condition, called hemorrhagic dengue. Diagnosing dengue fever can be difficult because its signs and symptoms can be easily confused with those of other diseases such as Chikungunya, Zika virus, Malaria and Typhoid fever, which can result in misdiagnosis for the patient [2,3].
{"title":"A Short Communication on Detection of the Dengue Virus Using Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"C. R. Basso, G. Castro, V. Pedrosa","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.S1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.S1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, our group published a paper describing the detection of the dengue virus using nanoparticles conjugated to antibodies. The article presents itself in a useful, interesting and comprehensive way as a potential diagnostic tool for patients. In this brief commentary, we extend our contributions, focusing on the hidden challenges and proposing solutions to some of your problems encountered, in addition to highlighting all the efficiency of this new methodology. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 billion people in the world are affected by a set of diseases called neglected, which mainly affect poor populations living in tropical and subtropical developing countries [1]. Among these diseases, we have dengue [2]. Dengue is an infectious viral disease that has four serotypes (DENV 1-4). The transmission of the virus occurs through the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, mainly A. aegypti. This mosquito is the same vector as Chikungunya, Yellow Fever and Zika virus. In Brazil, dengue is endemic throughout the national territory, with 247,393 cases notified in 2018, 1,544,987 in 2019 and 987,173 in 2020 [3]. We are the fifth largest country in the world in territorial extension, with many regions of native forest, where access occurs mainly by boats, causing a greater difficulty for an effective and simple diagnosis for dengue. The disease presents the following symptoms such as high fever, muscle and joint pain, headache, skin blemishes, pain in the back of the eye, characteristic rash, nausea, vomiting and in some cases, it can occur an evolution of the disease starting a more serious condition, called hemorrhagic dengue. Diagnosing dengue fever can be difficult because its signs and symptoms can be easily confused with those of other diseases such as Chikungunya, Zika virus, Malaria and Typhoid fever, which can result in misdiagnosis for the patient [2,3].","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.237
M. Kagana
{"title":"Review on Tropical Medicine","authors":"M. Kagana","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.21.9.237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.8.2.230
H. Alhatmi, A. Alharbi, M. Bosaeed, O. Aldosary, S. Aljohani, B. Alalwan, S. Almahmoud, A. Alothman
Melioidosis is an infectious disease of tropical climates. The disease is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Most cases are diagnosed in south east Asia and northern Australia. Some imported cases diagnosed in returning tourist, soldiers and immigrants from endemic areas. It caught a lot of attention since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designated B. pseudomallei as an agent for biological warfare and terrorism. We describe two cases of a 26-year-old Saudi woman who had fulminant sepsis soon after returning from Thailand & 48-year-old woman with a long history of fever. B. pseudomallei was isolated from both patient’s blood cultures and they had different consequences. A confirmed case of melioidosis was not reported before in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Melioidosis: Case Report of Confirmed Burkholderia pseudomallei in Saudi Arabia","authors":"H. Alhatmi, A. Alharbi, M. Bosaeed, O. Aldosary, S. Aljohani, B. Alalwan, S. Almahmoud, A. Alothman","doi":"10.35248/2329-9088.8.2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9088.8.2.230","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis is an infectious disease of tropical climates. The disease is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Most cases are diagnosed in south east Asia and northern Australia. Some imported cases diagnosed in returning tourist, soldiers and immigrants from endemic areas. It caught a lot of attention since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designated B. pseudomallei as an agent for biological warfare and terrorism. We describe two cases of a 26-year-old Saudi woman who had fulminant sepsis soon after returning from Thailand & 48-year-old woman with a long history of fever. B. pseudomallei was isolated from both patient’s blood cultures and they had different consequences. A confirmed case of melioidosis was not reported before in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9088.8.1.227
P. Zachée, Philippe, ekerckhove
Compared to High-Income countries (HIC), a shortfall in the provision of blood remains a multifaceted problem in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) with a direct negative effect on clinical care. The reasons are multifactorial: not only lack of knowledge, skills, and resources, but also huge differences in environment climate, endemic transfusion transmittable infections, clinical set-up, availability of clean water, electricity. It is therefore obvious that simple translation of guidelines, standards, experiences, and the total organization from HIC to LMIC is not the best way to proceed. Adapted, but not less adequate methods for blood transfusion training, organization, and accreditation are required. The Global Advisory Panel (GAP) already formulated an adapted specific answer in terms of training and accreditation. But this is not enough. Academic centres, the GAP, countries, non-governmental organizations, and others need to test current and innovative diagnostic, production, and storage methods in a joint venture with the industry. Also, medical decisions focused on transfusion must be tested before implementation in facilities allowing pre-qualification of tests and devices. The entire transfusion chain needs to be simulated in a competence and training centre, focusing on the region where it will be applied. One of the renowned tropical institutes, currently fulfilling all these requirements could be the ideal place for such a competence centre. This review highlights this and suggests possible ways and solutions.
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