Pub Date : 2015-12-17DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000203
A. Abah, B. Temple
Study of prevalence of malaria parasite among asymptomatic primary school children was carried out in Angiama community, Southern Ijaw local Government Area, Bayelsa state, Nigeria using the blood film staining method. A total of 300 samples were collected, stained with both Field stains A&B and Giemsa stains and examined microscopically. Out of the 300 samples, 190 (63.3%) were found to be positive with malaria parasite at varying degrees of parasiteamia. Sex related infection showed that more males (56.8%) were infected than females (43.2%), Age related infection showed that children within the ages of 4-6years were more infected (41.1%) than children in other age range (7-9years 36.3% and 10-12years 22.6%). Plasmodium falciparium species was found to be the cause of malaria in Angiama. Despite all the efforts to curb malaria infections, the prevalence rate in Angiama community remains very high and therefore necessitates a closer monitoring of the implementation of the policies targeted at malaria elimination.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria Parasite among Asymptomatic Primary School Children in Angiama Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Abah, B. Temple","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Study of prevalence of malaria parasite among asymptomatic primary school children was carried out in Angiama community, Southern Ijaw local Government Area, Bayelsa state, Nigeria using the blood film staining method. A total of 300 samples were collected, stained with both Field stains A&B and Giemsa stains and examined microscopically. Out of the 300 samples, 190 (63.3%) were found to be positive with malaria parasite at varying degrees of parasiteamia. Sex related infection showed that more males (56.8%) were infected than females (43.2%), Age related infection showed that children within the ages of 4-6years were more infected (41.1%) than children in other age range (7-9years 36.3% and 10-12years 22.6%). Plasmodium falciparium species was found to be the cause of malaria in Angiama. Despite all the efforts to curb malaria infections, the prevalence rate in Angiama community remains very high and therefore necessitates a closer monitoring of the implementation of the policies targeted at malaria elimination.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-13DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000201
V. Suttels, T. Venter, M. White
Introduction: Multiple Symmetrical Lipomatosis (MSL) is a progressive disease presenting with symmetrically distributed (large) lipomata over the occiput, head, neck, shoulders and trunk resulting in gross deformity. Over 90% of cases are associated with chronic alcohol abuse, and associations with metabolic disorders are also common but malignancy is rare. To date there is only one report of MSL in an African-American patient and no reported cases in Africa. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 67-year old African male with a history of gout and chronic heavy drinking presenting with typical features of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis. The lipomata were successfully removed by a visiting surgical mission team. Discussion: Exact pathogenesis and incidence of MSL remain unclear. Misdiagnosis is common and diagnosis in resource-limited settings should be prompted by the history of alcohol abuse and characteristic presenting features of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis. Challenges of surgical interventions in low-resource settings are discussed. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the condition and its association with metabolic disorders and rarely malignancy. In resource-limited settings, ethical and cultural factors should be considered before proceeding to surgery.
{"title":"Multiple Symmetrical Lipomatosis in a 67-Year Old African Male: First Case Report within a Resource-Limited Setting","authors":"V. Suttels, T. Venter, M. White","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple Symmetrical Lipomatosis (MSL) is a progressive disease presenting with symmetrically distributed (large) lipomata over the occiput, head, neck, shoulders and trunk resulting in gross deformity. Over 90% of cases are associated with chronic alcohol abuse, and associations with metabolic disorders are also common but malignancy is rare. To date there is only one report of MSL in an African-American patient and no reported cases in Africa. \u0000Case Presentation: We report the case of a 67-year old African male with a history of gout and chronic heavy drinking presenting with typical features of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis. The lipomata were successfully removed by a visiting surgical mission team. \u0000Discussion: Exact pathogenesis and incidence of MSL remain unclear. Misdiagnosis is common and diagnosis in resource-limited settings should be prompted by the history of alcohol abuse and characteristic presenting features of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis. Challenges of surgical interventions in low-resource settings are discussed. \u0000Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the condition and its association with metabolic disorders and rarely malignancy. In resource-limited settings, ethical and cultural factors should be considered before proceeding to surgery.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-19DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000200
Ben Jmaà Hèla, B. Abir, Triki Faten, D. Aiman, H. Abdessalem, B. Tarak, Souissi Iheb, Masmoudi Sayda, E. Nizar, Kammoun Samir, B. Mounir, K. Abdelhamid, F. Imed
Introduction: Cardiac hydatid disease is a rare, but it is potentially a life-threatening pathology. It has fatal complications such as valvular dysfunction, free wall rupture, embolism, anaphylactic reactions, conduction disturbances, or congestive heart failure. Methods: We report 12 cases of cardiopericardial hydatid disease that underwent operation in our institution between January 1998 and December 2014, and we review our results. The mean age was 31.83 years and it ranges of 11 to 65 years. Male to female ratio was 1. The diagnosis of hydatid disease was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography in all patients. The cyst was located in the left ventricular free wall in 5 cases, the right ventricular free wall in 1 case, the interventricular septum in 3 cases, the interatrial septum in 2 cases, and the pericardium in 1 case. Three patients had multiple organ hydatidosis: in the interatrial septum and the two lungs in one case; in the left ventricle, the left lung, the liver, and the peritoneum in 1 case; and in the left ventricle, the left lung, the liver and the breasts in 1 case. All of our patients underwent surgery. The patients with cardiac cysts were operated under sternotomy and standard cardiopulmonary bypass with antegrade cardioplegia and aortic cross-clamping. The patient with pericardial hydatidosis was operated under posterolateral thoracotomy and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: The postoperative period was uneventful in all our patients. We didn’t have any cardiac hydatidosis recurrence in the follow-up of our patients. Only one patient was operated two years after cardiac surgery for recurrence of pulmonary cysts. Conclusion: Surgery should be recommended in all cases of cardiopericardial hydatid disease in order to avoid their complications.
{"title":"Surgical Management of Cardiopericardial Hydatid Disease: A Tunisian Center Experience","authors":"Ben Jmaà Hèla, B. Abir, Triki Faten, D. Aiman, H. Abdessalem, B. Tarak, Souissi Iheb, Masmoudi Sayda, E. Nizar, Kammoun Samir, B. Mounir, K. Abdelhamid, F. Imed","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiac hydatid disease is a rare, but it is potentially a life-threatening pathology. It has fatal complications such as valvular dysfunction, free wall rupture, embolism, anaphylactic reactions, conduction disturbances, or congestive heart failure. \u0000Methods: We report 12 cases of cardiopericardial hydatid disease that underwent operation in our institution between January 1998 and December 2014, and we review our results. The mean age was 31.83 years and it ranges of 11 to 65 years. Male to female ratio was 1. The diagnosis of hydatid disease was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography in all patients. The cyst was located in the left ventricular free wall in 5 cases, the right ventricular free wall in 1 case, the interventricular septum in 3 cases, the interatrial septum in 2 cases, and the pericardium in 1 case. Three patients had multiple organ hydatidosis: in the interatrial septum and the two lungs in one case; in the left ventricle, the left lung, the liver, and the peritoneum in 1 case; and in the left ventricle, the left lung, the liver and the breasts in 1 case. All of our patients underwent surgery. The patients with cardiac cysts were operated under sternotomy and standard cardiopulmonary bypass with antegrade cardioplegia and aortic cross-clamping. The patient with pericardial hydatidosis was operated under posterolateral thoracotomy and without cardiopulmonary bypass. \u0000Results: The postoperative period was uneventful in all our patients. We didn’t have any cardiac hydatidosis recurrence in the follow-up of our patients. Only one patient was operated two years after cardiac surgery for recurrence of pulmonary cysts. \u0000Conclusion: Surgery should be recommended in all cases of cardiopericardial hydatid disease in order to avoid their complications.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E129
M. Zaghloul
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a pulmonary infection that occurs more than 48 hours after patients have been intubated and received mechanical ventilation. The incidence of VAP ranges from 6 to 52% and can reach 76% in some specific settings [1]. The incidence depends on several factors, the duration of mechanical ventilation, reintubation, supine position, advanced age and altered consciousness. The VAP group was classified into two groups, early-onset type (within 48-96 h) and late-onset type (>96 h) [2].
{"title":"Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)","authors":"M. Zaghloul","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E129","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a pulmonary infection that occurs more than 48 hours after patients have been intubated and received mechanical ventilation. The incidence of VAP ranges from 6 to 52% and can reach 76% in some specific settings [1]. The incidence depends on several factors, the duration of mechanical ventilation, reintubation, supine position, advanced age and altered consciousness. The VAP group was classified into two groups, early-onset type (within 48-96 h) and late-onset type (>96 h) [2].","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-26DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000199
Y. Aoki
A surprising new study EMPA-REG OUTCOME has shown that empagliflozin, one of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, in addition to standard care had beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events. Subgroup analyses of the study revealed a better hazard ratio for the primary outcome (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) in Asian than Caucasian and in patients with age ≥65 years, body-mass index <30, glycated hemoglobin <8.5% or higher cardiovascular risk than with the respective counterparts. Patients on diuretics also had the hazard ratio favoring empagliflozin, similar to that of patients not on diuretics. I infer that in poorlycontrolled diabetic patients, pre-existing osmotic diuresis is supposed to be augmented by the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors, possibly leading to an acceleration of their dehydration in spite of amelioration of hyperglycemia. Hypovolemia is inferred to be more likely to occur due to osmotic diuresis without an increase in blood glucose level to retain water. It may be recommended that use of SGLT2 inhibitors should be avoided in diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin ≥8.5% at high risk for cardiovascular events. Because empagliflozin seems to have had no significant effect on nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality may be mediated through osmotic diuresis. SGLT2 inhibitors could be used as a new oral osmotic diuretic to excrete water with a little sodium into urine for non-diabetic patients with heart failure as well. Such action of SGLT2 inhibitors seems to be rather close to that of tolvaptan to promote water diuresis. Thus, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study has brought a new insight into use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Surprising Results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study have brought a New Insight into Use of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Y. Aoki","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"A surprising new study EMPA-REG OUTCOME has shown that empagliflozin, one of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, in addition to standard care had beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events. Subgroup analyses of the study revealed a better hazard ratio for the primary outcome (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) in Asian than Caucasian and in patients with age ≥65 years, body-mass index <30, glycated hemoglobin <8.5% or higher cardiovascular risk than with the respective counterparts. Patients on diuretics also had the hazard ratio favoring empagliflozin, similar to that of patients not on diuretics. I infer that in poorlycontrolled diabetic patients, pre-existing osmotic diuresis is supposed to be augmented by the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors, possibly leading to an acceleration of their dehydration in spite of amelioration of hyperglycemia. Hypovolemia is inferred to be more likely to occur due to osmotic diuresis without an increase in blood glucose level to retain water. It may be recommended that use of SGLT2 inhibitors should be avoided in diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin ≥8.5% at high risk for cardiovascular events. Because empagliflozin seems to have had no significant effect on nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality may be mediated through osmotic diuresis. SGLT2 inhibitors could be used as a new oral osmotic diuretic to excrete water with a little sodium into urine for non-diabetic patients with heart failure as well. Such action of SGLT2 inhibitors seems to be rather close to that of tolvaptan to promote water diuresis. Thus, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study has brought a new insight into use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-19DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000198
Sajjad Ali, Sunil Kumar
Introduction: Human cryptosporidiosis is caused by infection with Cryptosporidium. Nitazoxanide has shown activity against cryptosporidium. The objective of this study is to see treatment outcomes with 7 days of nitazoxanide in immunocompetent adult patients diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis and to consider combination therapy which includes nitazoxanide with paromomycin or azithromycin? Study Design: This cross sectional study was conducted at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi Pakistan. Patients were not enrolled with prior diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and/or had taken Nitazoxanide, Paromomycin or Azithromycin in last 4 weeks prior their diagnosis. Also patients were excluded if they were diagnosed as case of HIV/AIDS, history of solid organ transplantation, any malignancy or were taking steroids and immunosuppressant drugs. Results: A total of 58 patients who had cryptosporidiosis were included in this study. 31 (53.4%) were males and 27 (46.6%) females. The mean age was 33.4 years with standard deviation ± 9.2. No statistical significance was seen in clinical presentation of cryptosporidiosis in both male and female genders. All 58 (100%) reported resolution of diarrhea after 7 days of nitazoxanide treatment. However, at 6 weeks follow up, 40 (70.1%) patients had recurrence of diarrhea whereas only 17 (29.9%) had no further episode of diarrhea. Conclusion: Nitazoxanide is a new nitrothiazole compound with broadspectrum activity against numerous intestinal protozoa and helminths and have very good bio-safety profile. All 58 patients after 7 days of treatment with nitazoxanide showed good clinical response after short term. But in long term patients reported a high recurrence in 6 weeks period time. There is need of combination therapy which includes nitazoxanide with paromomycin or azithromycin in high recurrence/relapse patients.
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes with Nitazoxanide in Immunocompetent Adults Naive Patients with Cryptosporidiosis; Do We Need Combination Therapy with Paromomycin or Azithromycin?","authors":"Sajjad Ali, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human cryptosporidiosis is caused by infection with Cryptosporidium. Nitazoxanide has shown activity against cryptosporidium. The objective of this study is to see treatment outcomes with 7 days of nitazoxanide in immunocompetent adult patients diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis and to consider combination therapy which includes nitazoxanide with paromomycin or azithromycin? \u0000Study Design: This cross sectional study was conducted at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi Pakistan. Patients were not enrolled with prior diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and/or had taken Nitazoxanide, Paromomycin or Azithromycin in last 4 weeks prior their diagnosis. Also patients were excluded if they were diagnosed as case of HIV/AIDS, history of solid organ transplantation, any malignancy or were taking steroids and immunosuppressant drugs. \u0000Results: A total of 58 patients who had cryptosporidiosis were included in this study. 31 (53.4%) were males and 27 (46.6%) females. The mean age was 33.4 years with standard deviation ± 9.2. No statistical significance was seen in clinical presentation of cryptosporidiosis in both male and female genders. All 58 (100%) reported resolution of diarrhea after 7 days of nitazoxanide treatment. However, at 6 weeks follow up, 40 (70.1%) patients had recurrence of diarrhea whereas only 17 (29.9%) had no further episode of diarrhea. \u0000Conclusion: Nitazoxanide is a new nitrothiazole compound with broadspectrum activity against numerous intestinal protozoa and helminths and have very good bio-safety profile. All 58 patients after 7 days of treatment with nitazoxanide showed good clinical response after short term. But in long term patients reported a high recurrence in 6 weeks period time. There is need of combination therapy which includes nitazoxanide with paromomycin or azithromycin in high recurrence/relapse patients.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E128
M. Zaghloul
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function accompanied by airway narrowing due to inflammation, fibrosis and mucus plugging, associated by parenchymal destruction with loss of elasticity, gas exchange surface area, and airway support with subsequent early airway closure [1]. COPD affects more than 400 million people worldwide. The prevalence rate of COPD is highly variable ranging from 0.2% in Japan to 37% in the United States. According to the 12-site Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, the average prevalence of COPD is 10.1%, with wide variations [2]. COPD is predicted to become the fourth leading cause of death and the fifth commonest cause of disability in the world by 2030 [3].
{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","authors":"M. Zaghloul","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E128","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function accompanied by airway narrowing due to inflammation, fibrosis and mucus plugging, associated by parenchymal destruction with loss of elasticity, gas exchange surface area, and airway support with subsequent early airway closure [1]. COPD affects more than 400 million people worldwide. The prevalence rate of COPD is highly variable ranging from 0.2% in Japan to 37% in the United States. According to the 12-site Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, the average prevalence of COPD is 10.1%, with wide variations [2]. COPD is predicted to become the fourth leading cause of death and the fifth commonest cause of disability in the world by 2030 [3].","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-16DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000I103
D. Pal, Manoj Gupta, Tamalika Das, Shristi Butta
Dipankar Pal1*, Manoj Kumar Gupta1, Tamalika Das1 and Shristi Butta2 1School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India 2Department of Pathology, NRS Medical College, 138 AJC Bose Road, Kolkata-700014, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author: Dipankar Pal, RMO cum Clinical Tutor, Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India, Tel: +91-9432113713; E-mail: dipankarpal.2009@gmail.com
{"title":"A Case of Pleomorphic Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis without History of Visceral Leishmanniasis","authors":"D. Pal, Manoj Gupta, Tamalika Das, Shristi Butta","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000I103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000I103","url":null,"abstract":"Dipankar Pal1*, Manoj Kumar Gupta1, Tamalika Das1 and Shristi Butta2 1School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India 2Department of Pathology, NRS Medical College, 138 AJC Bose Road, Kolkata-700014, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author: Dipankar Pal, RMO cum Clinical Tutor, Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India, Tel: +91-9432113713; E-mail: dipankarpal.2009@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-04DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000196
Jinhua Wu, Kaiye Cai, Q. Feng
Over the past decades, although billions of dollars has been invested and much progress has been made in the prevention and surveillance of infectious diseases, the mortality caused by these diseases is still hovering at high level. Infectious diseases are constantly threatening lives of millions of people around the world. For the diagnosis of these diseases, traditional culture-dependent methods are playing vital roles in clinical practice, but they still cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of both known and unknown pathogens in a high-throughput mode. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has greatly promoted the development of genome research, and the NGS-based metagenomics is gaining more and more attention as a potential technique for the management of infectious diseases. This review gives a brief summarization of the application of metagenomics in infectious diseases in recent years.
{"title":"The Application of Metagenomic Approaches in the Management of Infectious Diseases","authors":"Jinhua Wu, Kaiye Cai, Q. Feng","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, although billions of dollars has been invested and much progress has been made in the prevention and surveillance of infectious diseases, the mortality caused by these diseases is still hovering at high level. Infectious diseases are constantly threatening lives of millions of people around the world. For the diagnosis of these diseases, traditional culture-dependent methods are playing vital roles in clinical practice, but they still cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of both known and unknown pathogens in a high-throughput mode. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has greatly promoted the development of genome research, and the NGS-based metagenomics is gaining more and more attention as a potential technique for the management of infectious diseases. This review gives a brief summarization of the application of metagenomics in infectious diseases in recent years.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-25DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000195
Christopher V. Charles, C. Dewey, A. Hall, Chantharith Hak, Son Channary, A. Summerlee
Objective: The objectives were to determine whether cooking food with an iron ingot increases the hemoglobin and serum ferritin of women and whether women would use an iron ingot shaped like a fish considered lucky in Cambodian culture. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in three villages in rural Kandal Province, Cambodia. Participants were randomly assigned to the iron ingot, the iron ingot plus nutrition education, or untreated control group. Participants were instructed to use the iron ingot daily by adding it to the cooking pot when preparing soup or boiling drinking water and boiling for at least 10 minutes. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every three months thereafter, over a 12-month trial period. Results: Overall, a 46% reduction in the prevalence of anemia within the intervention group was noted at the end of the study. Hemoglobin concentrations were greater by 11.8 g/L (95% CI: 9.1, 14.6; P<0.0001) in women in the iron ingot group when compared to controls. Serum ferritin concentrations were 31.0 ng/mL (95% CI: 17.1, 45.0; P<0.0001) greater after 12 months of using the iron ingot when compared to controls. Over 94% of women used the iron ingot at least 3 times per week. Conclusion: The iron ingot shaped as a lucky fish is a very effective, innovative form of homestead food fortification in a country lacking affordable and accessible means of improving iron intake.
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