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Phytotherapy and Prevention of Campylobacter 弯曲杆菌的植物治疗与预防
Pub Date : 2013-12-23 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E110
M. Giangaspero
Since 2005, campylobacteriosis become the most important gastrointestinal infectious disease in Europe. The disease affects especially infants under 4 years of age, causing primarily gastroenteric symptoms but also responsible of different extra intestinal pathologies. The most frequent way of infection is considered to be related to contaminated poultry meat consumption. Prevention relies on general hygienic measures. Of outmost importance is the reduction of bacterial burden in raw meat, to ensure a radical decrease of clinical forms. Phytotherapy might represent a sustainable prevention strategy for the achievement of such objective.
自2005年以来,弯曲杆菌病成为欧洲最重要的胃肠道传染病。这种疾病尤其影响4岁以下的婴儿,主要引起胃肠道症状,但也会引起不同的肠道外病变。最常见的感染方式被认为与食用受污染的禽肉有关。预防依靠一般的卫生措施。最重要的是减少生肉中的细菌负担,以确保从根本上减少临床形式。植物疗法可能是实现这一目标的一种可持续的预防战略。
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引用次数: 2
Management of Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis in Enugu, Nigeria 尼日利亚埃努古的肌肉骨骼结核管理
Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000156
E. Iyidobi, Cu Nwadinigwe, Ekwunife Rt
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Musculoskeletal TB accounts for about 10-15% of all TB notification in non-industrialized world. The spine is the most common site for osseous involvement, accounting for about 50% of cases. There is little or no data on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal TB in South-Eastern Nigeria. The general aim of the study is to determine the epidemiologic pattern and treatment outcome of musculoskeletal TB in Enugu, south-Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study is a retrospective study over a ten year period. The case notes of all the patients diagnosed and treated for musculoskeletal TB were retrieved and those who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: A total of 104 patients’ case notes were retrieved but 97 patients’ case notes that met the inclusion criteria was analyzed. The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis in Enugu is 1 in 250. 45.4% were males and 54.6% were females. Most of the patients presented with low back pain (61%) and inability to walk (14.4%). Spinal lesions account for 65% of cases. 86.6% of the patients had relative lymphocytosis while Mantoux test was positive in 82.5% of subjects. 82.5% had elevated ESR at diagnosis. These fell significantly at completion of anti TB drugs with 83% resulting in either complete resolution of symptoms or marked improvement of symptoms. Drugs were given for 8 months in 95% while 5% were extended for 12 months. Conclusion: Use of anti TB drugs is still the cornerstone in the management of the disease. Diagnosis is possible with simple clinical, radiological and laboratory evaluation. Once diagnosis is made patient should be immediately commenced on the first line anti TB drugs. ESR, lymphocyte count and clinical evaluation of symptoms can be used to monitor treatment successfully. We recommend high index of suspicion among physicians in developing countries for prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of musculoskeletal TB especially that of the spine.
简介:结核病(TB)仍然是世界范围内最常见的传染病死亡原因。在非工业化世界,肌肉骨骼结核约占结核通报总数的10-15%。脊柱是最常见的骨骼受累部位,约占病例的50%。关于尼日利亚东南部肌肉骨骼结核流行病学的数据很少或根本没有。该研究的总体目的是确定尼日利亚东南部埃努古地区肌肉骨骼结核的流行病学模式和治疗结果。材料与方法:本研究为回顾性研究,时间跨度为10年。检索所有诊断和治疗的肌肉骨骼结核患者的病例记录,并对符合纳入标准的患者进行分析。结果:共检索到104例患者的病例记录,分析了97例符合纳入标准的病例记录。埃努古的肌肉骨骼结核发病率为1 / 250。男性占45.4%,女性占54.6%。大多数患者表现为腰痛(61%)和无法行走(14.4%)。脊髓病变占65%的病例。86.6%的患者有相对淋巴细胞增多,82.5%的患者有Mantoux试验阳性。82.5%诊断时ESR升高。在完成抗结核药物治疗后,这些指标显著下降,83%的患者症状完全缓解或症状显著改善。用药8个月的占95%,延长用药12个月的占5%。结论:使用抗结核药物仍是结核病防治的基石。通过简单的临床、放射学和实验室评估即可诊断。一旦确诊,患者应立即开始服用第一线抗结核药物。ESR、淋巴细胞计数和临床症状评估可用于监测治疗是否成功。我们建议发展中国家的医生提高怀疑指数,以便及时诊断和充分治疗肌肉骨骼结核病,特别是脊柱结核病。
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引用次数: 6
CASE-CONTROL STUDY FOR HOSPITAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN EMERGENCY INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 急诊重症监护病房革兰氏阴性杆菌医院感染病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000155
Yu-qi Wu, Shan Hong-wei, Y. Min, Qian Min, Xin-Li Zhang, L. Xiao-ling, Qun-xia Chen, Xin-yi Yang
Objective: A case study was performed in EICU to evaluate the potential patient factors associated with hospital infections caused by gram-negative bacilli in EICU. Methods: We adopted the method of retrospective case-control study and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Unvaried analysis revealed an association between numerous patient factors and multivariate analysis revealed four factors to be associated independently with hospital infections caused by gram-negative bacilli: Mechanical ventilation, Corticoid use, Length of stay, Coma. Conclusion: We must have the comprehensive preventive measures to deal with the risk factor of hospital infections in EICU.
目的:通过对EICU病例的分析,探讨与EICU中革兰氏阴性杆菌医院感染相关的潜在患者因素。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究和多变量logistic回归分析方法。结果:单变量分析揭示了许多患者因素之间的相关性,多变量分析揭示了四个因素与革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的医院感染独立相关:机械通气、皮质激素使用、住院时间、昏迷。结论:急诊重症监护病房医院感染的危险因素应采取综合预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
Practical Aspects of Artesunate Administration in Severe Malaria Treatment 青蒿琥酯在重症疟疾治疗中的应用
Pub Date : 2013-11-14 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E109
P. Wilairatana, N. Tangpukdee, S. Krudsood
In management of severe malaria, aresunate is preferred antimalarial drug. It is better than quinine in reduction of mortality. Parenteral artesunate may be given either intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) routes. However IV route is preferred route of administration since during severe falciparum malaria infection, capillary sequestration may delay drug absorption from muscle via IM administration to blood circulation. Artesunate can be activated by dissolving the powder of artesunic acid with sodium bicarbonate [1]. During mixing artesunic powder with sodium bicarbonate, the solution should be shaked strongly until dissolved, then the solution will be cloudy. The reconstituted solution will clear in about 1 min. If it is not clear, it should be discarded. Artesunate is poorly soluble in water and has poor stability in aqueous solutions at neutral or acid pH. Artesunic acid is sufficiently soluble in sodium bicarbonate injection (50 mg/ml) to prepare a clear solution [2]. The pH of the final solution is not greater than 8. After dissolving with sodium bicarbonate, artesunate solution in vial should be freshly used for each administration. Unused solution should be discarded and should not be stored in refrigerator for the next dose administration.
在严重疟疾的治疗中,亚硝酸钠是首选的抗疟药物。在降低死亡率方面优于奎宁。静脉注射青蒿琥酯可以静脉注射(IV)或肌肉注射(IM)。然而,静脉给药是首选给药途径,因为在严重恶性疟疾感染期间,毛细血管隔离可能会延迟药物通过静脉给药进入血液循环而从肌肉吸收。将青蒿琥酯粉末与碳酸氢钠溶解,可使青蒿琥酯活化。在将青蒿素粉与碳酸氢钠混合时,应将溶液剧烈摇动至溶解,此时溶液混浊。复配后的溶液约1min清澈,若不清澈应丢弃。青蒿琥酯不溶于水,在中性或酸性的水溶液中稳定性差。青蒿琥酯在碳酸氢钠注射液(50mg /ml)中可充分溶解,制备出清澈的溶液[2]。最终溶液的pH值不大于8。与碳酸氢钠溶解后,瓶中的青蒿琥酯溶液应在每次给药时新鲜使用。未使用的溶液应丢弃,不应储存在冰箱中等待下次给药。
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引用次数: 5
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Infection: Potential Threats to Inhabitants through Consumption of Giant African Land Snail in Democratic Republic of Sao Tome E Principe, West Africa 西非圣多美普林西比民主共和国广东管圆线虫感染:食用巨型非洲地螺对居民的潜在威胁
Pub Date : 2013-11-11 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E108
Fan Ck, Lin Hc, C. Liao, Ying-Chieh Huang, Choung Cm, S. daCostaÂdos
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Predictors of Admission in Asthmatic Patients in Emergency Department 急诊科哮喘患者入院预测因素的评价
Pub Date : 2013-11-06 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000154
Morteza Saeedi, A. Taghizadieh, A. Ala, P. Moharamzadeh, M. Zamani
Objective: To evaluate admission predictors in asthmatic patients who come to emergency department (ED) with asthma exacerbation. Background: Considering the increasing cases of asthmatic patients referring to ED we aimed to evaluate the factors effecting the prognosis and treatment to forecast the need for hospitalization or discharge. Material and methods: 103 asthmatic patients with acute exacerbation of asthma were enrolled in the study and went under treatment. Spirometry was done before and during treatment on the basis of GINA principles. Pulse oximetry, PImax, PEmax was done and documented at arrival and 30, 60, 120 minutes after arrival. Results: In admitted patients respiratory distress, intercostals retraction, function class (FC), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), were significantly higher than discharged patients. Forced expiratory flow rate (FEV1%) (p<0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001), FVC% (p<0.001), FEV1/FVC (p<0.001), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR%) (p<0.001), saturation of peripheral oxygen SaO2 (p<0.001), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) (p<0.002) and maximal expiratory pressures (PEmax) (p<0.001) were significantly lower in admitted patients in comparison with discharged patients. Conclusion: In addition to FEV1 and PEF that have role in admission criteria, FEV1/FVC at arrival to ED and PEmax after an hour after treatment can also be used to forecast the need for admission.
目的:探讨哮喘急性加重患者急诊科(ED)的入院预测因素。背景:考虑到急诊科哮喘患者的病例增加,我们旨在评估影响预后和治疗的因素,以预测住院或出院的需要。材料与方法:103例哮喘急性加重期患者纳入研究并接受治疗。根据GINA原则,在治疗前和治疗中进行肺活量测定。在到达时和到达后30,60,120分钟进行脉搏血氧测定、血氧饱和度、血氧饱和度记录。结果:住院患者呼吸窘迫、肋间缩回、功能分级(FC)、脉搏率(PR)、呼吸率(RR)均显著高于出院患者。入院患者用力呼气流量(FEV1%) (p<0.001)、用力肺活量(FVC) (p<0.001)、用力肺活量% (p<0.001)、FEV1/FVC (p<0.001)、呼气峰值流量(PEFR%) (p<0.001)、外周氧SaO2饱和度(p<0.001)、最大吸气压力(PImax) (p<0.002)、最大呼气压力(PEmax) (p<0.001)均显著低于出院患者。结论:除FEV1和PEF对入院标准有作用外,到达ED时FEV1/FVC和治疗后1 h时PEmax也可用于预测是否需要入院。
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引用次数: 2
Left Ventricular Noncompaction in a Patient of Afro-Caribbean Descent: A Call for Risk Assessment in Immigrants from Tropical Regions 加勒比黑人后裔左心室不压实:呼吁对热带地区移民进行风险评估
Pub Date : 2013-10-27 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000152
S. Mehra, S. Khurana, J. Cahill, J. Efird
Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy believed to be caused by intrauterine arrest of normal embryogenesis of the endocardium and myocardium. Noncompaction is characterized by presence of prominent trabeculae, deep intertrabecular recesses and thickening of the myocardium in two distinct layers: compacted and noncompacted. LVNC may or may not be associated with other congenital cardiac defects. Studies in heart failure patients of Afro-Caribbean (black) origin reveal a high prevalence (up to 30%) of myocardial trabeculations and the potential diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction. It is unclear whether the myocardial morphology is representative of LVNC or whether it represents an ethnicity related epiphenomenon to increased cardiac preload. With increasing phenomenon of immigration from tropical countries to the United States, it is important to identify potential cardiovascular risks that can be attributed to ethnic background. Clinical presentation of LVNC may vary from an incidental finding on an echocardiogram with no symptoms to symptoms attributable to congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and systemic thromboembolic phenomenon. Echocardiography is the initial modality of choice for diagnosis [1-5].
摘要左心室心肌不致密性是一种罕见的心肌病,一般认为是由于心内膜和心肌的正常胚胎发育在宫内停止所致。非压实的特征是存在突出的小梁,深的小梁间窝和两层不同的心肌增厚:压实和非压实。LVNC可能或可能不与其他先天性心脏缺陷有关。对非洲-加勒比(黑人)血统的心力衰竭患者的研究表明,心肌小梁的患病率高(高达30%),左心室不致密化的潜在诊断。目前尚不清楚心肌形态学是否代表LVNC或它是否代表一个种族相关的附带现象增加心脏预负荷。随着从热带国家移民到美国的现象越来越多,确定可能归因于种族背景的潜在心血管风险非常重要。LVNC的临床表现可能从无症状的超声心动图偶然发现到可归因于充血性心力衰竭、心律失常和全身血栓栓塞现象的症状。超声心动图是诊断的首选方法[1-5]。
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引用次数: 0
Pestivirus Species Potential Adventitious Contaminants of Biological Products 生物制品的潜在外来污染物鼠疫病毒种类
Pub Date : 2013-10-27 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000153
M. Giangaspero
Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus species of the genus Pestivirus, important pathogens affecting zootechnics worldwide, have been reported as adventitious contaminants of biological products for veterinary and human use. The Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus 1 species showed potential for an emerging zoonosis. According to World Organization for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties: OIE), Bovine Viral Diarrhea is a notifiable disease of importance to international trade. Recently, Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus 3 tentative species have been isolated from Brazil and Thailand. The virus has been diffused from South America to other countries probably through the commercialization of contaminated fetal bovine serum.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒是影响世界范围内动物技术的重要病原体,已被报道为兽药和人用生物制品的外来污染物。牛病毒性腹泻病毒1种有可能成为一种新出现的人畜共患病。根据世界动物卫生组织(国际兽疫局:OIE),牛病毒性腹泻是一种对国际贸易具有重要意义的法定报告疾病。最近在巴西和泰国分离到牛病毒性腹泻病毒3型暂定种。该病毒已从南美扩散到其他国家,可能是通过受污染的胎牛血清的商业化。
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引用次数: 16
A Review of the Use of Resorbable Plateing Systems in Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 可吸收钢板系统在颅颌面外科中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2013-10-20 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000151
D. Hammond, S. Parmar
Resorbable materials have been used for many different procedures in cranio-maxillofacial surgery. However, they have had varying rates of success. The use of resorbable for oncological reconstruction is a relatively new area, compared with paediatric trauma and orthognathic surgery.
可吸收材料已用于许多不同的程序在颅颌面外科。然而,他们的成功率各不相同。与儿科创伤和正颌手术相比,可吸收材料用于肿瘤重建是一个相对较新的领域。
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引用次数: 1
Admissions for Pediatric Diarrheal Illness in a Southern Indian Hospital Peak during the Rainiest Month of the Year 在南印度医院儿科腹泻病的入院高峰期间,一年多雨的月份
Pub Date : 2013-10-20 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000150
V. An, P. Milano, J. Allegra, Kuruvilla Thomas
Objectives: To test our hypothesis that admissions for diarrheal illness to a southern Indian hospital would be highest in the month with the most rainfall. Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Community hospital in Chennai, southern India. Population: All pediatric patients (less than 16 years of age) admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004. Protocol: We selected diagnoses associated with acute diarrhea from all admitted pediatric patients, and used Chi square and the Student's t-tests to test for statistical significance, with alpha set at 0.05. Results: Of the 3,660 pediatric admissions, there were 740 admissions for diarrheal illness. Of those 740, the average age was 1.8 years and 47% were female. There was non-uniformity by month for diarrheal illness admissions using Chi square (p<0.001). The month with the greatest rainfall, November, had the highest admissions for diarrheal illness: 2.3 times more (95% CI 2.0-2.6, p<0.001) than the mean for the other 11 months. Conclusions: The number of pediatric admissions for diarrheal illness is highest in the rainiest month. We speculate that this may be due to contamination of the water supply and recommend that an educational program targeting parents be instituted before the rainy season.
目的:验证我们的假设,即在降雨最多的月份,印度南部医院的腹泻病入院率最高。方法:设计:回顾性队列。地点:印度南部金奈的社区医院。人群:2001年1月1日至2004年12月31日住院的所有儿科患者(16岁以下)。方案:我们从所有住院的儿科患者中选择与急性腹泻相关的诊断,并使用卡方检验和学生t检验来检验统计显著性,α集为0.05。结果:在3,660名儿科住院患者中,有740名因腹泻入院。在这740人中,平均年龄为1.8岁,其中47%是女性。使用卡方分析,腹泻疾病入院的月份不均匀性(p<0.001)。降雨量最大的月份,即11月,腹泻住院率最高:是其他11个月平均值的2.3倍(95% CI 2.0-2.6, p<0.001)。结论:多雨月份儿童腹泻住院人数最多。我们推测这可能是由于供水的污染,并建议在雨季之前制定针对家长的教育计划。
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引用次数: 1
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Tropical medicine & surgery
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