Pub Date : 2015-06-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000186
H. Khaleel
The question of whether hepatitis B virus could be a vector-borne transmitted infection was around in the scientific field since the 1949. The majority of the studies agreed that Hepatitis B virus could be found in the bedbugs for a longer period of time than in the mosquitoes. Moreover, there was evidence that certain species of mosquitoes could transmit hepatitis B virus to animals leading to immunity; however, this did not reflect their ability to transmit the virus to humans because it was done under experimental conditions and on a small number of animals. Given the great recent advance in the laboratory techniques, more research about this subject needs to be done to identify whether vector-borne transmission of hepatitis B virus can explain the hepatitis B cases with no apparent cause of infection.
{"title":"Hepatitis B Virus: Can it be a Vector-Borne Transmitted Infection?","authors":"H. Khaleel","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"The question of whether hepatitis B virus could be a vector-borne transmitted infection was around in the scientific field since the 1949. The majority of the studies agreed that Hepatitis B virus could be found in the bedbugs for a longer period of time than in the mosquitoes. Moreover, there was evidence that certain species of mosquitoes could transmit hepatitis B virus to animals leading to immunity; however, this did not reflect their ability to transmit the virus to humans because it was done under experimental conditions and on a small number of animals. \u0000Given the great recent advance in the laboratory techniques, more research about this subject needs to be done to identify whether vector-borne transmission of hepatitis B virus can explain the hepatitis B cases with no apparent cause of infection.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000187
A. Adekanye, Omotoso Aj, Emanghe Ue, A. Umana, M. Offiong, R. Mgbe, A. Akintomide, U. Akpan
Rhinoscleroma (scrofulous lupus, scleroma) is a rare, chronic, specific granulomatous disease of the nose and upper respiratory tract. It occurs most frequently in young female adults between the ages of 10-35 years in low socioeconomic class in developing countries. The course is usually chronic, relapse can occur and it is nonneoplastic. Inflammatory compressive destruction of bone and soft tissue may occur and thus could lead the clinician and radiologist to suspect malignancy. We report a 25-year-old woman who developed undifferentiated tumor three months after initial diagnosis of RS. She was the first case of RS with malignancy in our institution.
{"title":"Rhinoscleroma with Malignancy- A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"A. Adekanye, Omotoso Aj, Emanghe Ue, A. Umana, M. Offiong, R. Mgbe, A. Akintomide, U. Akpan","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinoscleroma (scrofulous lupus, scleroma) is a rare, chronic, specific granulomatous disease of the nose and upper respiratory tract. It occurs most frequently in young female adults between the ages of 10-35 years in low socioeconomic class in developing countries. The course is usually chronic, relapse can occur and it is nonneoplastic. Inflammatory compressive destruction of bone and soft tissue may occur and thus could lead the clinician and radiologist to suspect malignancy. We report a 25-year-old woman who developed undifferentiated tumor three months after initial diagnosis of RS. She was the first case of RS with malignancy in our institution.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-23DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000I101
D. Pal, P. Mullick, D. Lahre, Avijit Das, S. Chatterji
Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus is endemic in America but also reported from different parts of the world including India. It preferentially causes disease in immunocompromised hosts in the form of acute as well as chronic lung involvement. Sometimes there is disseminated and progressive disease in immunosuppressed individuals with or without affecting CNS with high mortality rate.
{"title":"Cutaneous Histoplasmosis without Symptomatic Lung Involvement - A Series of Three Cases","authors":"D. Pal, P. Mullick, D. Lahre, Avijit Das, S. Chatterji","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000I101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000I101","url":null,"abstract":"Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus is endemic in America but also reported from different parts of the world including India. It preferentially causes disease in immunocompromised hosts in the form of acute as well as chronic lung involvement. Sometimes there is disseminated and progressive disease in immunosuppressed individuals with or without affecting CNS with high mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000I101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000185
M. Sheikh, M. Syed
Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT), also known as Frantz tumor is an unusual form of pancreatic neoplasm. Its natural history differs from the more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma in that it has a female predilection, is more indolent, and carries a better prognosis. Metastatic disease can occur, usually involving the liver, and its management is not well defined.
{"title":"Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas in a 15-Year-Old Female: A Case Report","authors":"M. Sheikh, M. Syed","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT), also known as Frantz tumor is an unusual form of pancreatic neoplasm. Its natural history differs from the more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma in that it has a female predilection, is more indolent, and carries a better prognosis. Metastatic disease can occur, usually involving the liver, and its management is not well defined.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000184
Adu Em, Ukwamedu Ha, Oghagbon Es
Background: Dyslipidemia a common feature of diabetes mellitus leads to cardiovascular complications. These complications are not detected early enough due to absence of cheap and routine biomarker. Aim: Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the cardiovascular risk indices of diabetes mellitus individuals using Atherogenic coefficient (Ac), Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Non- HDL – cholesterol (surrogate marker for apolipoprotein B) in this locality. Methods: Serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as cardiovascular risk indices (Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR), atherogenic coefficient (Ac), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Non-HDL cholesterol) were assessed. Results: The TC,TG,LDL-C,VLDL-C as well as all the cardiometabolic risk indices of diabetes were observed to be significantly high (P<0.05) when compared with control subjects. HDL-C in diabetes was observed to be significantly low (P<0.05) when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: The results indicates greater propensity of diabetes to cardiovascular complications. We therefore advocate routine use of these indices as part of lipid profile in order to nip any cardiovascular complication early enough.
{"title":"Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Adu Em, Ukwamedu Ha, Oghagbon Es","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dyslipidemia a common feature of diabetes mellitus leads to cardiovascular complications. These complications are not detected early enough due to absence of cheap and routine biomarker. \u0000Aim: Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the cardiovascular risk indices of diabetes mellitus individuals using Atherogenic coefficient (Ac), Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Non- HDL – cholesterol (surrogate marker for apolipoprotein B) in this locality. \u0000Methods: Serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as cardiovascular risk indices (Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR), atherogenic coefficient (Ac), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Non-HDL cholesterol) were assessed. \u0000Results: The TC,TG,LDL-C,VLDL-C as well as all the cardiometabolic risk indices of diabetes were observed to be significantly high (P<0.05) when compared with control subjects. HDL-C in diabetes was observed to be significantly low (P<0.05) when compared with control subjects. \u0000Conclusion: The results indicates greater propensity of diabetes to cardiovascular complications. We therefore advocate routine use of these indices as part of lipid profile in order to nip any cardiovascular complication early enough.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-16DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000183
D. Pal, Avijit Das, Shekhar Pal, S. Chatterji, M. Ghosh, A. Naskar, S. Mallik, A. Chakrabarty
Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic pathogen in the setting of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection especially with CD4 count less than 50 cells/micro liter and in other immunodeficient conditions such as hematologic malignancies, transplant recipients or in persons on prolonged glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressant therapy. Disseminated cryptococcosis is uncommon in immunocompetent person. We detected such a case at our institute presented initially with pulmonary mass lesion and later evolving into chronic non-healing skin ulcer and asymptomatic brain involvement without having any evidence of overt immunosuppression. However the patient developed gall-bladder carcinoma about one and half years after her chest complaints. She underwent surgical resection but neither received radiotherapy nor chemotherapy post-surgery. She was treated successfully with anti-fungal combination therapy as per Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline.
{"title":"An Unusual Presentation of Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a Middle AgedFemale","authors":"D. Pal, Avijit Das, Shekhar Pal, S. Chatterji, M. Ghosh, A. Naskar, S. Mallik, A. Chakrabarty","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic pathogen in the setting of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection especially with CD4 count less than 50 cells/micro liter and in other immunodeficient conditions such as hematologic malignancies, transplant recipients or in persons on prolonged glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressant therapy. Disseminated cryptococcosis is uncommon in immunocompetent person. We detected such a case at our institute presented initially with pulmonary mass lesion and later evolving into chronic non-healing skin ulcer and asymptomatic brain involvement without having any evidence of overt immunosuppression. However the patient developed gall-bladder carcinoma about one and half years after her chest complaints. She underwent surgical resection but neither received radiotherapy nor chemotherapy post-surgery. She was treated successfully with anti-fungal combination therapy as per Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000180
Nicholas J Fischer
This case report describes a case of Strongyloides 'Larva currens' following high dose dexamethasone for upper airway burns following a fat fire. The patient who was originally from Samoa had been living in New Zealand for over 30 years. This case report reviews the literature surrounding Strongyloides hyperinfection and strongyloides in Samoa.
{"title":"Strongyloides 'Larva Currens' Following High Dose Dexamethasone for Upper Airway Burns: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature","authors":"Nicholas J Fischer","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes a case of Strongyloides 'Larva currens' following high dose dexamethasone for upper airway burns following a fat fire. The patient who was originally from Samoa had been living in New Zealand for over 30 years. This case report reviews the literature surrounding Strongyloides hyperinfection and strongyloides in Samoa.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-15DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000179
K. Gowthamarajan, V. Karri, S. Mn, Rajkumar Malay
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) or diabetic wounds are the major causes of death in patients with diabetes. Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (a member of ginger family), widely used as a dietary spice and coloring agent. Curcumin possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-infective properties which makes this molecule a worthy candidate for wound healing and other inflammatory diseases. Curcumin has garnered greater attention in the past few decades in treating diabetes and its complications. However, very few studies are available in relation to curcumin as a diabetic wound healing agent with the underlying mechanisms still in the dark. Hence, this paper discusses the possible uses of curcumin in treating DFUs with the corresponding mechanisms at different junctures of diabetic wound healing. This review also summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo studies established/ reported on curcumin in treating DFUs.
{"title":"Multiple Biological Actions of Curcumin in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complications: A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Gowthamarajan, V. Karri, S. Mn, Rajkumar Malay","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) or diabetic wounds are the major causes of death in patients with diabetes. Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (a member of ginger family), widely used as a dietary spice and coloring agent. Curcumin possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-infective properties which makes this molecule a worthy candidate for wound healing and other inflammatory diseases. Curcumin has garnered greater attention in the past few decades in treating diabetes and its complications. However, very few studies are available in relation to curcumin as a diabetic wound healing agent with the underlying mechanisms still in the dark. Hence, this paper discusses the possible uses of curcumin in treating DFUs with the corresponding mechanisms at different junctures of diabetic wound healing. This review also summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo studies established/ reported on curcumin in treating DFUs.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000207
S. Ahsan, N. Scheffold
Lyme Borreliosis is a systemic disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi and usually presents as early, localized and disseminated, as well as persistent or chronic disorder. If untreated with antibiotics, more than half the patients develop further complication. The least well developed complication is carditis. It has been estimated that 4-10% of untreated patients develop carditis complications. Here we present a classic case of Lyme carditis, who had concomitant complete heart block and erythema chronicum migrans, as only 44% of patients with complete heart block were identified to have Erythema Migrans simultaneously.
{"title":"A Classic Presentation of Lyme Complete Heart Block","authors":"S. Ahsan, N. Scheffold","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Lyme Borreliosis is a systemic disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi and usually presents as early, localized and disseminated, as well as persistent or chronic disorder. If untreated with antibiotics, more than half the patients develop further complication. The least well developed complication is carditis. It has been estimated that 4-10% of untreated patients develop carditis complications. Here we present a classic case of Lyme carditis, who had concomitant complete heart block and erythema chronicum migrans, as only 44% of patients with complete heart block were identified to have Erythema Migrans simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000205
L. Samarakoon
Tropical pyomyositis (TPM) is a disease characterized by suppuration occurring within skeletal muscle, resulting in single or multiple abscesses within large muscle groups Although initially reported exclusively from the tropics, worldwide incidence is increasing as more and more cases are diagnosed with increasing awareness about the condition. A short review with review of literature is presented on this paper, in order to create awareness about this lethal albeit potentially curable condition.
{"title":"Pyomyositis - A Short Review","authors":"L. Samarakoon","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical pyomyositis (TPM) is a disease characterized by suppuration occurring within skeletal muscle, resulting in single or multiple abscesses within large muscle groups Although initially reported exclusively from the tropics, worldwide incidence is increasing as more and more cases are diagnosed with increasing awareness about the condition. A short review with review of literature is presented on this paper, in order to create awareness about this lethal albeit potentially curable condition.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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