Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E123
A. Oryan, S. Alidadi
Tapeworms of the family Taeniidae are transmitted from the definitive hosts such as carnivores to the intermediated hosts including herbivores or omnivores and human beings via oral-fecal cycle [1,2]. This family includes two major genera namely Taenia and Echinococcus. The Taenia species include T. saginata, T. solium, T. asiatica, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, T. multiceps, T. serialis, T. pisiformis, T. taeniaeformis, and T. crassiceps [2,3]. In many endemic areas the diseases caused by the genus Taenia in humans are often categorised as neglected tropical diseases [3]. In general, the larval stages or metacestodes belonging to these tapeworms include hydatid cyts, cysticerci and coenuri [2]. All these species except for T. hydatigena (C. tenuicollis), T. ovis (Cysticercus ovis) and T. pisiformis (C. pisiformis), cause zoonotic parasitic diseases and thereby are of public health importance [2-5]. Humans acquire infection by inadvertent consumption of ova or larval stages (metacestode) present in undercooked meat [3]. Cysticerus bovis, the metacestode of T. saginata, occurs only in beef and humans are only the definitive hosts and receive the infection by ingestion of the raw meat containing the cysticeri [1,6,7]. Neurocysticercosis is regarded as the most common zoonotic parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by T. solium metacestodes called Cysticercus cellulosae affecting human beings as the definitive and also aberrant hosts [7,8]. Indeed, human acquire this metacestode via ingestion of undercooked pork infected with cysticerci. On the other hand, the eggs hatched in the human intestine can finally produce the cysts in areas with high blood flow such as CNS (neurocysticercosis), the muscles (human cysticercosis), the subcutaneous tissue and the eye (subcutaneous and ocular cysticercosis, respectively) [5,8]. Taenia asiatica, also known as Asian Taenia, similar to T. saginata is responsible for intestinal teniasis and has been identified in several Asian countries [3,9]. Cysticercus fasciolaris is the larval stage of the cestode T. taeniaeformis in wide variety of small rodents, and occasionally birds and humans, as intermediate hosts with cats as the definitive hosts [10]. Adult forms of T. taeniaeformis and C. fasciolaris have been recognized from the intestine and liver of humans, respectively. Nonetheless, it seems that these cestodes are associated with low health risk to humans [10]. Coenurosis occurs in cerebral and non-cerebral forms. The former is caused by the larval stage of T. multiceps which possesses a metacestode stage namely Coenurus cerebralis [2,11,12]. T. gaigeri with its metacestode termed C. gaigeri causes non-cerebral coenurosis with cysts in the muscles of the intermediate hosts including herbivores as well humans [12-15]. It is unclear and debatable that C. cerebralis and C. gaigeri are the same or different species and the researches are focusing and performing detailed studies to answer this question
{"title":"Public Health Concerns of Taenidae and Their Metacestodes","authors":"A. Oryan, S. Alidadi","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E123","url":null,"abstract":"Tapeworms of the family Taeniidae are transmitted from the definitive hosts such as carnivores to the intermediated hosts including herbivores or omnivores and human beings via oral-fecal cycle [1,2]. This family includes two major genera namely Taenia and Echinococcus. The Taenia species include T. saginata, T. solium, T. asiatica, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, T. multiceps, T. serialis, T. pisiformis, T. taeniaeformis, and T. crassiceps [2,3]. In many endemic areas the diseases caused by the genus Taenia in humans are often categorised as neglected tropical diseases [3]. In general, the larval stages or metacestodes belonging to these tapeworms include hydatid cyts, cysticerci and coenuri [2]. All these species except for T. hydatigena (C. tenuicollis), T. ovis (Cysticercus ovis) and T. pisiformis (C. pisiformis), cause zoonotic parasitic diseases and thereby are of public health importance [2-5]. Humans acquire infection by inadvertent consumption of ova or larval stages (metacestode) present in undercooked meat [3]. Cysticerus bovis, the metacestode of T. saginata, occurs only in beef and humans are only the definitive hosts and receive the infection by ingestion of the raw meat containing the cysticeri [1,6,7]. Neurocysticercosis is regarded as the most common zoonotic parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by T. solium metacestodes called Cysticercus cellulosae affecting human beings as the definitive and also aberrant hosts [7,8]. Indeed, human acquire this metacestode via ingestion of undercooked pork infected with cysticerci. On the other hand, the eggs hatched in the human intestine can finally produce the cysts in areas with high blood flow such as CNS (neurocysticercosis), the muscles (human cysticercosis), the subcutaneous tissue and the eye (subcutaneous and ocular cysticercosis, respectively) [5,8]. Taenia asiatica, also known as Asian Taenia, similar to T. saginata is responsible for intestinal teniasis and has been identified in several Asian countries [3,9]. Cysticercus fasciolaris is the larval stage of the cestode T. taeniaeformis in wide variety of small rodents, and occasionally birds and humans, as intermediate hosts with cats as the definitive hosts [10]. Adult forms of T. taeniaeformis and C. fasciolaris have been recognized from the intestine and liver of humans, respectively. Nonetheless, it seems that these cestodes are associated with low health risk to humans [10]. Coenurosis occurs in cerebral and non-cerebral forms. The former is caused by the larval stage of T. multiceps which possesses a metacestode stage namely Coenurus cerebralis [2,11,12]. T. gaigeri with its metacestode termed C. gaigeri causes non-cerebral coenurosis with cysts in the muscles of the intermediate hosts including herbivores as well humans [12-15]. It is unclear and debatable that C. cerebralis and C. gaigeri are the same or different species and the researches are focusing and performing detailed studies to answer this question","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000204
Menza C Nelson, Muturi W. Margaret, K. Lucy
Busia and Kisii Central districts have repeatedly reported high levels of aflatoxins in foods. The objectives of the study were to determine oil contents and the relationship between oil contents and the levels of total aflatoxin in peanuts varieties produced in the two districts. Three samples of each of the four (4) varieties of peanuts obtained from Busia; Valencia red, Uganda local, Homa Bay local and local red and 3 varieties from Kisii Central; Valencia red, Uganda local and Homa Bay local were analyzed and the average oil contents of the samples in each variety determined. The oil contents of peanuts were determined by a standard Soxtec extraction method and total aflatoxins were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Peanuts from Busia district had significantly higher oil contents compared to those from Kisii Central (t=3.22, df=6, P=0.012). Peanuts of Valencia red variety from both Busia and Kisii Central had higher oil content (mean 46.9), than other varieties. In addition, Valencia red from Busia district had slightly higher oil content (47.2%) than those of the same variety from Kisii Central (46.6%). However, the difference was not significant (t=1.08, df=6, P=0.394). Overall, oil content in peanuts decreased with an increase in aflatoxin levels (r=-0.496, P=0.031) except in peanuts of Uganda local red variety from Kisii Central. Growing of improved varieties of peanuts such as Valencia red which was least contaminated with aflatoxin and had higher oil content should be encouraged in Kenya.
{"title":"Oil Contents and Aflatoxin Levels in Peanuts Varieties Produced in Busia and Kisii Central Districts, Kenya","authors":"Menza C Nelson, Muturi W. Margaret, K. Lucy","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Busia and Kisii Central districts have repeatedly reported high levels of aflatoxins in foods. The objectives of the study were to determine oil contents and the relationship between oil contents and the levels of total aflatoxin in peanuts varieties produced in the two districts. Three samples of each of the four (4) varieties of peanuts obtained from Busia; Valencia red, Uganda local, Homa Bay local and local red and 3 varieties from Kisii Central; Valencia red, Uganda local and Homa Bay local were analyzed and the average oil contents of the samples in each variety determined. The oil contents of peanuts were determined by a standard Soxtec extraction method and total aflatoxins were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Peanuts from Busia district had significantly higher oil contents compared to those from Kisii Central (t=3.22, df=6, P=0.012). Peanuts of Valencia red variety from both Busia and Kisii Central had higher oil content (mean 46.9), than other varieties. In addition, Valencia red from Busia district had slightly higher oil content (47.2%) than those of the same variety from Kisii Central (46.6%). However, the difference was not significant (t=1.08, df=6, P=0.394). Overall, oil content in peanuts decreased with an increase in aflatoxin levels (r=-0.496, P=0.031) except in peanuts of Uganda local red variety from Kisii Central. Growing of improved varieties of peanuts such as Valencia red which was least contaminated with aflatoxin and had higher oil content should be encouraged in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E124
E. Puca
Table 1: Viral Families Causing Viral Hemorrhagic Fever The hemorrhagic fever generally has had local character, but changes in climatic conditions have affected the localizations and outbreaks. Due to their aggressive character, all the time, these diseases have been a challenge for health care system. It is certain that every disease have their way of spread, but nowadays people movements from a country to another and the development of tourism has make their prevalence impossible to control or manage. This article is not focus on epidemiology, etiology, transmission and clinical aspect of the Ebola disease, but in the heroism of health care workers. For instance, these epidemic infections are found even in the health care workers. These cases can be only explained by evidencing the difficulties in securing protective medical equipment (PPE), getting the right information about the disease etc. In particularly referring to Ebola, this is known since her first outbreak in 1976 in Zaire [1-4]. This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease. Since then, there have been chronological outbreaks of Ebola virus disease. Last Ebola outbreaks have started in the beginning of this year and the following countries: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea constitute about 97% of all cases. The Ebola epidemic is the largest in history and it is affecting multiple countries in West Africa and so on some acquired cases in healthcare workers in the US. The mortality rate of this epidemic disease is increasing at very threatening levels. Since December 2013, and as of 12 October 2014, 8 997 cases of EVD, including 4 493 deaths, have been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in seven reporting countries (Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain and the USA) [2]. On the other hand according to the last surveys of WHO this is the first world epidemic that has reached a record figure at a very high range by infecting the healthcare workers [3].
{"title":"Ebola Disease and Health Care Workers Heroism","authors":"E. Puca","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E124","url":null,"abstract":"Table 1: Viral Families Causing Viral Hemorrhagic Fever The hemorrhagic fever generally has had local character, but changes in climatic conditions have affected the localizations and outbreaks. Due to their aggressive character, all the time, these diseases have been a challenge for health care system. It is certain that every disease have their way of spread, but nowadays people movements from a country to another and the development of tourism has make their prevalence impossible to control or manage. This article is not focus on epidemiology, etiology, transmission and clinical aspect of the Ebola disease, but in the heroism of health care workers. For instance, these epidemic infections are found even in the health care workers. These cases can be only explained by evidencing the difficulties in securing protective medical equipment (PPE), getting the right information about the disease etc. In particularly referring to Ebola, this is known since her first outbreak in 1976 in Zaire [1-4]. This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease. Since then, there have been chronological outbreaks of Ebola virus disease. Last Ebola outbreaks have started in the beginning of this year and the following countries: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea constitute about 97% of all cases. The Ebola epidemic is the largest in history and it is affecting multiple countries in West Africa and so on some acquired cases in healthcare workers in the US. The mortality rate of this epidemic disease is increasing at very threatening levels. Since December 2013, and as of 12 October 2014, 8 997 cases of EVD, including 4 493 deaths, have been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in seven reporting countries (Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain and the USA) [2]. On the other hand according to the last surveys of WHO this is the first world epidemic that has reached a record figure at a very high range by infecting the healthcare workers [3].","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70279024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000206
Atef Ali Kloub
Most of us believe that health education is presented just for general people particularly those who are employed in fields non related to medical aspects. Maybe this is an accurate concept in some situations not in all conditions, so we must know that the main aim for health education is not only to learn others or give them idea about the topic which is the subject of educational health activity, this is a secondary aim because if we considered it as a basic target this will mean that the medical staff may be not in need for education health, therefore each of them, surely know more and more about his job and his task.
{"title":"Importance of Health Education for Medical Staff","authors":"Atef Ali Kloub","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Most of us believe that health education is presented just for general people particularly those who are employed in fields non related to medical aspects. Maybe this is an accurate concept in some situations not in all conditions, so we must know that the main aim for health education is not only to learn others or give them idea about the topic which is the subject of educational health activity, this is a secondary aim because if we considered it as a basic target this will mean that the medical staff may be not in need for education health, therefore each of them, surely know more and more about his job and his task.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-26DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000178
A. Mir, A. Sousa, L. André, ucci Politani, Gilberto Zaquine de Souza Junior, Raissa Mansilla Cabrera Rodrigues, R. Alvarenga
Introduction: Dengue is the most common arboviral infection in humans, being a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Neurological manifestations of this condition include acute infectious processes by direct action of the virus or post-infectious immune-mediated inflammatory processes. Despite its epidemiological characteristics and its main clinical signs and symptoms being widely known, there are few studies on the neurological manifestations of the disease, a number that is even lower when its association with transverse myelitis is investigated. Objectives: To identify the association between dengue and transverse myelitis described in the literature through a systematic review, and compare the reported clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data. Methods: It was performed a systematic review of the literature using the Pubmed, Lilacs and SciELO databases by the keywords: "transverse myelitis", dengue and "dengue hemorrhagic fever", including articles published up to October 2014. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers worked independently and then had a consensus meeting to resolve any differences of opinion. Seven articles were selected for analysis. Results: From the seven selected articles we could observe that the transverse myelitis related to dengue was mostly post-infectious, being that the most affected medullary segment was the thoracic and the majority of the clinical outcomes were favorable either spontaneously or after the use of methylprednisolone for the more severe cases. Conclusion: Transverse myelitis and dengue fever are a rare combination; however, the dengue virus should be part of the differential diagnosis for infectious and post-infectious myelitis.
{"title":"Acute Transverse Myelitis and Dengue: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Mir, A. Sousa, L. André, ucci Politani, Gilberto Zaquine de Souza Junior, Raissa Mansilla Cabrera Rodrigues, R. Alvarenga","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dengue is the most common arboviral infection in humans, being a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Neurological manifestations of this condition include acute infectious processes by direct action of the virus or post-infectious immune-mediated inflammatory processes. Despite its epidemiological characteristics and its main clinical signs and symptoms being widely known, there are few studies on the neurological manifestations of the disease, a number that is even lower when its association with transverse myelitis is investigated. Objectives: To identify the association between dengue and transverse myelitis described in the literature through a systematic review, and compare the reported clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data. Methods: It was performed a systematic review of the literature using the Pubmed, Lilacs and SciELO databases by the keywords: \"transverse myelitis\", dengue and \"dengue hemorrhagic fever\", including articles published up to October 2014. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers worked independently and then had a consensus meeting to resolve any differences of opinion. Seven articles were selected for analysis. Results: From the seven selected articles we could observe that the transverse myelitis related to dengue was mostly post-infectious, being that the most affected medullary segment was the thoracic and the majority of the clinical outcomes were favorable either spontaneously or after the use of methylprednisolone for the more severe cases. Conclusion: Transverse myelitis and dengue fever are a rare combination; however, the dengue virus should be part of the differential diagnosis for infectious and post-infectious myelitis.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-14DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000181
Hongran Wang
Pluripotent stem cells mainly refer to Embryonic Stem (ES) cells and induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. These two pluripotent stem cell types show significant similarities in their global histone modifications, gene expression patterns, and differentiation potentials. ES and iPS cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine because they can give rise to all three germ layers, including cardiac lineages. Transplantation of ES cells and iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ES- or iPS-CMs) has emerged as a promising treatment for ischemic heart disease. Stem cell grafts may be implanted in areas of myocardial infarction to restore cardiac function by regenerating cardiomyocytes and inducing neovascularization. The objective of this review is to briefly present the current research in the field of repairing infarcted myocardium using ES cells and iPS cells.
{"title":"Pluripotent Stem Cells and Repair of Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Hongran Wang","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Pluripotent stem cells mainly refer to Embryonic Stem (ES) cells and induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. These two pluripotent stem cell types show significant similarities in their global histone modifications, gene expression patterns, and differentiation potentials. ES and iPS cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine because they can give rise to all three germ layers, including cardiac lineages. Transplantation of ES cells and iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ES- or iPS-CMs) has emerged as a promising treatment for ischemic heart disease. Stem cell grafts may be implanted in areas of myocardial infarction to restore cardiac function by regenerating cardiomyocytes and inducing neovascularization. The objective of this review is to briefly present the current research in the field of repairing infarcted myocardium using ES cells and iPS cells.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-06DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E121
M. Giangaspero, Metab Al Ghafri
Despite international and national control measures, poaching is still reported worldwide, with variable intensity and impact against wildlife in the diUU´erent geographic region ecosystems. In Oman, poaching adversely aUU´ected vulnerable species such as Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) and Sand gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Also sharks become victims of illegal fishing for fin collection in relation to the high demand from oriental markets. People sensitization on the value of wildlife and the importance of natural patrimony preservation, combined with monitoring and repression of crimes against wildlife are essential elements to support conservation eUU´orts especially for vulnerable and endangered species.
{"title":"Poaching: A Threat for Vulnerable Wild Animal Species in Oman","authors":"M. Giangaspero, Metab Al Ghafri","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E121","url":null,"abstract":"Despite international and national control measures, poaching is still reported worldwide, with variable intensity and impact against wildlife in the diUU´erent geographic region ecosystems. In Oman, poaching adversely aUU´ected vulnerable species such as Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) and Sand gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Also sharks become victims of illegal fishing for fin collection in relation to the high demand from oriental markets. People sensitization on the value of wildlife and the importance of natural patrimony preservation, combined with monitoring and repression of crimes against wildlife are essential elements to support conservation eUU´orts especially for vulnerable and endangered species.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-03DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E122
M. Zaghloul
Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 1000e122 Trop Med Surg ISSN: 2329-9088 TPMS, an open access journal Pleural effusion is a common clinical presentation. Approximately 20% of pleural effusions are due to malignancy, and 50% of these are due to primary lung cancer [1]. A malignant pleural effusion may be the initial presentation of cancer in 10 to 50% of patients [2]. Cytological examination of malignant effusion is important because it is easy and noninvasive. However, highly suspected cases of malignant effusion with repeated negative cytological findings are sometimes encountered [3]. Several tumor markers in pleural fluid have been evaluated to distinguish malignant effusion from benign e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [4] neuron-specific enolase [5] and cytokeratin 19 [6,7]. During the last 10 years, new immunologic and molecular analytic procedures have been developed to diagnose and characterize minimal residual cancer [8]. Malignant pleural effusions often result from malignant tumors transferring into pleural cavity. On 1998, Lockett et al. [9] had developed keratin-19, c-myc and prolactin inducible protein RT-PCR based method to identify axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer and thought it appeared to be a readily available and highly sensitive method for detecting breast cancer micrometastases.
{"title":"Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) as a Tumor Marker in Pleural Effusion","authors":"M. Zaghloul","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E122","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 1000e122 Trop Med Surg ISSN: 2329-9088 TPMS, an open access journal Pleural effusion is a common clinical presentation. Approximately 20% of pleural effusions are due to malignancy, and 50% of these are due to primary lung cancer [1]. A malignant pleural effusion may be the initial presentation of cancer in 10 to 50% of patients [2]. Cytological examination of malignant effusion is important because it is easy and noninvasive. However, highly suspected cases of malignant effusion with repeated negative cytological findings are sometimes encountered [3]. Several tumor markers in pleural fluid have been evaluated to distinguish malignant effusion from benign e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [4] neuron-specific enolase [5] and cytokeratin 19 [6,7]. During the last 10 years, new immunologic and molecular analytic procedures have been developed to diagnose and characterize minimal residual cancer [8]. Malignant pleural effusions often result from malignant tumors transferring into pleural cavity. On 1998, Lockett et al. [9] had developed keratin-19, c-myc and prolactin inducible protein RT-PCR based method to identify axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer and thought it appeared to be a readily available and highly sensitive method for detecting breast cancer micrometastases.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-26DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000174
E. Ekpe, V. Obot
Background: With the rising incidence of tuberculosis in our country that also faces serious challenges with poverty and human immune-deficiency virus infection, we experience a rise in the referrals for surgical intervention in patients with Pleuropulmonary tuberculosis. Aim: To study the indications and outcome of surgery in our pleuropulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Pleuropulmonary tuberculosis patients who needed surgical intervention(s) for their disease in the cardiothoracic surgery unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a 24-month period were retrospectively studied. Data on demographic characteristics, socio economic parameters, clinical presentation, radiological/ investigation findings, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were collated and analysed. Results: One hundred and fifty-six patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed and treated by the Directly Observed Therapy Unit of the Hospital during the study period, and 33 (21.2%) of them indications for surgical treatment. The patients consisted of 19 males and 14 females (M:F=1.3:1) with age range 2-68 years and mean 36.3 years. Seven indications of surgery in pleuropulmonary tuberculosis were encountered including symptomatic pleural effusion in 39.4%, broncho-pleural fistula (secondary spontaneous pneumothorax) in 21%, empyema thoracis in 12%, emphysematous bulla (9.1%), lung abscess (6.1%), haemoptysis (9.1%), and a case of destroyed lung syndrome (3.0%) The indicated surgical interventions included closed tube thoracostomy drainage (69.7%), Monaldi tube decompression (9.1%), and thoracotomy and decortication (3.0%). Mortality rate in this series was 3.0%. Conclusion: Surgery is indicated about 21% of our patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis with a mortality of 3.0% and we recommend a high index of suspicion, contact tracing and strict adherence to the modus operandi of directly observed continuous combined anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for pleuropulmonary tuberculosis.
{"title":"Indications and Outcome of Surgery in Pleuro-pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"E. Ekpe, V. Obot","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the rising incidence of tuberculosis in our country that also faces serious challenges with poverty and human immune-deficiency virus infection, we experience a rise in the referrals for surgical intervention in patients with Pleuropulmonary tuberculosis. \u0000Aim: To study the indications and outcome of surgery in our pleuropulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Pleuropulmonary tuberculosis patients who needed surgical intervention(s) for their disease in the cardiothoracic surgery unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a 24-month period were retrospectively studied. Data on demographic characteristics, socio economic parameters, clinical presentation, radiological/ investigation findings, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were collated and analysed. \u0000Results: One hundred and fifty-six patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed and treated by the Directly Observed Therapy Unit of the Hospital during the study period, and 33 (21.2%) of them indications for surgical treatment. The patients consisted of 19 males and 14 females (M:F=1.3:1) with age range 2-68 years and mean 36.3 years. Seven indications of surgery in pleuropulmonary tuberculosis were encountered including symptomatic pleural effusion in 39.4%, broncho-pleural fistula (secondary spontaneous pneumothorax) in 21%, empyema thoracis in 12%, emphysematous bulla (9.1%), lung abscess (6.1%), haemoptysis (9.1%), and a case of destroyed lung syndrome (3.0%) \u0000The indicated surgical interventions included closed tube thoracostomy drainage (69.7%), Monaldi tube decompression (9.1%), and thoracotomy and decortication (3.0%). Mortality rate in this series was 3.0%. \u0000Conclusion: Surgery is indicated about 21% of our patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis with a mortality of 3.0% and we recommend a high index of suspicion, contact tracing and strict adherence to the modus operandi of directly observed continuous combined anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for pleuropulmonary tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-9088.1000174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-14DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000E119
P. Wilairatana, N. Tangpukdee, S. Krudsood
Polrat Wilairatana1,2*, Noppadon Tangpukdee1,2 and Srivicha Krudsood1,3 1Malaria Clinical Research Unit, Malaria Excellence Center, Mahidol University, Thailand 2Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand 3Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Thailand *Corresponding author: Polrat Wilairatana, Malaria Clinical Research Unit, Malaria Excellence Center and Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Tel: 66-081-8602101; E-mail: polrat.wil@mahidol.ac.th
{"title":"Misdiagnosis of Malaria in Malaria-Dengue Endemic Area","authors":"P. Wilairatana, N. Tangpukdee, S. Krudsood","doi":"10.4172/2329-9088.1000E119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000E119","url":null,"abstract":"Polrat Wilairatana1,2*, Noppadon Tangpukdee1,2 and Srivicha Krudsood1,3 1Malaria Clinical Research Unit, Malaria Excellence Center, Mahidol University, Thailand 2Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand 3Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Thailand *Corresponding author: Polrat Wilairatana, Malaria Clinical Research Unit, Malaria Excellence Center and Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Tel: 66-081-8602101; E-mail: polrat.wil@mahidol.ac.th","PeriodicalId":90756,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine & surgery","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70278942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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