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Thrifty Hormone Ghrelin: The Secret of Aging Muscularly 节俭的生长素:肌肉衰老的秘密
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.005
Yuxiang Sun
Sarcopenia is a debilitating muscle-wasting disease that is the major cause of frailty and disability in aging. Ghrelin (aka acylated ghrelin, AG) is a circulating peptide hormone with an unique octanoylation on Ser3. AG induces growth hormone (GH) secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity and insulin resistance via its receptor, Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). Unlike AG, unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is a peptide generated from the same ghrelin gene with amino acid sequence identical to AG but without the octanoylation modification, so UAG does not activate GHS-R. Intriguingly, both AG and UAG have been shown to promote differentiation and fusion of muscle C2C12 cells, regulate metabolic and mitochondrial signaling pathways in myotubes, and attenuate fasting- or denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, it has also been shown that ghrelin gene deficiency increases vulnerability to fasting-induced muscle loss in aging mice, and AG and UAG effectively protects against muscle atrophy of aging mice. Because UAG doesn’t bind to GHS-R, it doesn’t have the undesired side-effects of elevated GH-release and increased obesity as AG. In summary, UAG has an impressive anti-atrophic effect in muscle protecting against muscle atrophy in aging, it has potential to be a unique and superior therapeutic candidate for muscle-wasting diseases such as sarcopenia.
骨骼肌减少症是一种使人衰弱的肌肉萎缩疾病,是老年人身体虚弱和残疾的主要原因。胃饥饿素(又名酰化胃饥饿素,AG)是一种循环肽激素,在Ser3上具有独特的辛烷酰化。AG通过其受体生长激素促分泌受体(GHS-R)诱导生长激素(GH)分泌,增加食物摄入量,促进肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。与AG不同的是,unacylated ghrelin (UAG)是由同一个ghrelin基因产生的肽,其氨基酸序列与AG相同,但没有辛酸化修饰,因此UAG不会激活GHS-R。有趣的是,AG和UAG均可促进肌肉C2C12细胞的分化和融合,调节肌管中的代谢和线粒体信号通路,并减轻禁食或去神经支配诱导的肌肉萎缩。此外,也有研究表明,饥饿素基因缺乏增加了衰老小鼠对禁食引起的肌肉损失的易感性,AG和UAG对衰老小鼠的肌肉萎缩有有效的保护作用。因为UAG不与GHS-R结合,所以它不会像AG那样产生GHS-R释放增加和肥胖增加的副作用。综上所述,UAG对衰老过程中的肌肉萎缩具有显著的抗萎缩作用,有潜力成为肌肉减少症等肌肉萎缩疾病的独特而优越的治疗候选药物。
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引用次数: 1
Fall Prevention Intervention in the Emergency Department for Older Adults 老年人急诊科的跌倒预防干预
Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.222
C. Gettel, E. Goldberg
In many emergency departments (EDs) around the world, providers care for patients who have experienced injuries related to a fall. Approximately 30% of older adults fall each year [1], resulting in serious injuries, decreased mobility, and loss of independence [2]. The annual Medicare costs for older adult falls is estimated at $31.3 billion and only expected to increase as the population continues to age [3].
在世界各地的许多急诊科,医护人员都在照顾因摔倒而受伤的患者。每年约有30%的老年人跌倒[1],导致严重受伤、行动能力下降和丧失独立性[2]。老年人的年度医疗保险费用估计下降了313亿美元,而且随着人口的不断老龄化,预计还会增加[3]。
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引用次数: 3
Aging Science: Locus of Control and the Shibboleth Lens 衰老科学:控制点和Shibboleth透镜
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.224
C. Mullen
This summary paper focuses upon personal locus of control (LOC) orientation and control beliefs in relation with the science of aging, environment, and decision-making in the context of the shibboleth construct. An original dissertation and peer-reviewed paper derivative of the dissertation explored advancement intention in Canadian power engineering. LOC operated as an independent variable (IV) in both the dissertation and the peer-reviewed paper. This summary serves to encourage future research in the area of LOC orientation related to selected aspects of aging, experience, and decision-making.
摘要本文主要研究个人控制点取向和控制信念与年龄科学、环境科学和决策科学的关系。一篇原创论文和同行评议论文探讨了加拿大电力工程的发展意图。在论文和同行评议论文中,LOC都是一个独立变量(IV)。本综述旨在鼓励今后在与衰老、经验和决策相关的LOC取向领域的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Current Status and Future of Autologous Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy for Cerebral Palsy 自体脐带血干细胞治疗脑瘫的现状与展望
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.239
H. Shintaku
Human brain tissue has a limited ability to regenerate. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder that results from brain injury, most notably hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), during the neonatal period. Once the brain-damaging process has progressed to exhibit CP pathology, there is no effective treatment. Therefore, halting this progressive process is important for preventing or minimizing the severity of CP. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an established method widely practiced for this purpose, and TH alone can decrease the mortality rate without increasing the risk of severe disability among survivors [1]. One recent registry study, however, suggests that nearly half of TH can result in some unwanted aftereffects [2]. Stem cell therapy is a newer approach with the potential to repair damaged cells in CP lesions. In 2014, researchers in the United States reported the effectiveness of a combination of TH and autologous cord blood therapy in improving the neurodevelopmental outcome of HIE [3]. By the end of 2014, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development funded a clinical trial of autologous cord blood therapy for HIE.
人类脑组织的再生能力有限。脑瘫(CP)是一种由新生儿期脑损伤引起的疾病,最明显的是缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)。一旦脑损伤过程发展为CP病理,就没有有效的治疗方法。因此,阻止这一进展过程对于预防或减轻CP的严重程度非常重要。治疗性低温(TH)是一种已建立的方法,广泛用于这一目的,单独使用TH可以降低死亡率,而不会增加幸存者严重残疾的风险[10]。然而,最近的一项注册研究表明,近一半的TH会导致一些不想要的后遗症。干细胞治疗是一种较新的方法,具有修复CP病变中受损细胞的潜力。2014年,美国的研究人员报道了TH联合自体脐带血治疗在改善HIE[3]神经发育结局方面的有效性。到2014年底,日本医学研究与发展机构资助了一项自体脐带血治疗HIE的临床试验。
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引用次数: 0
Herbal Medicine Treatment for Xerostomia in Elderly Patients and Salivary Gland Regeneration Research 老年口干症的中药治疗及唾液腺再生研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.241
H. Shiratsuchi, Reiko Sekino, Takaaki Tamagawa, T. Kaneko
Xerostomia often occurs in elderly patients due to Sjogren’s syndrome, sialadenitis, IgG4-related disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and side-effects from certain medications. It is defined as a disturbance in saliva secretion, which can be triggered by radiation therapy and causes many oral and dental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to ameliorate oral symptoms and regenerate salivary glands in patients with these diseases. To relieve xerostomia and stomatitis, herbal medicines such as Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo) are often applied. Kampo therapy is effective for dry mouth symptoms. However, the salivary gland is complex and it is difficult to regenerate the salivary gland through clinical treatment. Byakkokaninjinto and Goreisan are often used as Kampo therapy for xerostomia through regulation of aquaporins. To investigate salivary gland regeneration after inflammation and atrophy, ductligation animal models were used in our previous studies. This model revealed that cytoskeletal changes and the distributions of small Rho GTPases, fibroblast growth factors, and β-catenin have important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation during submandibular gland regeneration.
由于干燥综合征、涎腺炎、igg4相关疾病、糖尿病、血脂异常和某些药物的副作用,老年患者常发生口干。它被定义为唾液分泌紊乱,可由放射治疗引发,并导致许多口腔和牙齿问题。因此,有必要改善这些疾病患者的口腔症状和再生唾液腺。为了缓解口干症和口炎,经常使用日本传统药物(汉布)等草药。汉布疗法对口干症状有效。然而,唾液腺是复杂的,通过临床治疗很难再生唾液腺。通过调节水通道蛋白,常被用作治疗口干症的汉布药。为了研究炎症和萎缩后唾液腺的再生,我们在以前的研究中使用了导管移植动物模型。该模型揭示了细胞骨架的变化和小Rho gtpase、成纤维细胞生长因子和β-catenin的分布在颌下腺再生过程中对细胞增殖和分化有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Growth of Elders and their Population Comparison Globally 全球老年人口增长及其人口比较
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.232
I. Sindhuja
Today the current share of youth denoted by the pyramid share of sets means the rate is double the undeveloped area compared to developed area. The share of elderly individuals will continue to be most pronounced among more developed countries in the coming decades. By mid 60 th century will represent nearly one-third of the population of wealthy nations while the corresponding figure for the poorest countries underscores.
今天,用金字塔比例表示的当前青年比例意味着,未开发地区的比例是发达地区的两倍。在今后几十年里,老年人的比例将继续在较发达的国家中最为显著。到60世纪中叶,将占到富裕国家人口的近三分之一,而最贫穷国家的相应数字将会下降。
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引用次数: 0
Relevance of Digitalization for Informal Caregivers to Address Support Needs and Reducing Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic 数字化与非正规护理人员在COVID-19大流行期间解决支持需求和减少社会隔离的相关性
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.8.243
Kristin R. Newman
In November 2019, a paper I was lead author on, “The role of internet-based digital tools in reducing social isolation and addressing support needs among informal caregivers: a scoping review,” was published in BMC Public Health [1]. Little did we know that the issue of social isolation would soon become crucially important for vastly more people worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic we could see that without proper support informal caregivers were vulnerable to social isolation. Loneliness and caregiving pressures have substantially increased during the COVID-19 era for unpaid informal caregivers who care for a sibling, child, spouse, friend, or neighbor. Many informal caregivers do not have a choice in taking on this role – it often just falls to them because no one else is willing or able to do it. Often, acquaintances of these informal caregivers do not know that the individual has taken on this role. For example, there is little acknowledgment that young people (under 18 years of age) sometimes take on the responsibility of caring for a loved one such as a grandparent, parent, or sibling. Many professionals do not even address youth when discussing the care of a loved one – it is often assumed that an adult provides the care [2]. These underappreciated caregivers need to be acknowledged and supported.
2019年11月,我作为主要作者发表了一篇论文,题为“基于互联网的数字工具在减少社会孤立和解决非正式护理人员支持需求方面的作用:范围审查”,发表在《BMC公共卫生[1]》上。我们几乎不知道,由于COVID-19大流行,社会隔离问题很快就会对全世界更多人变得至关重要。在大流行之前,我们可以看到,如果没有适当的支持,非正规护理人员很容易受到社会孤立。在2019冠状病毒病期间,对于照顾兄弟姐妹、子女、配偶、朋友或邻居的无偿非正式护理人员来说,孤独感和护理压力大幅增加。许多非正式的照顾者在承担这一角色方面没有选择——往往只是因为没有其他人愿意或能够做这件事而落在他们身上。通常,这些非正式照顾者的熟人并不知道这个人已经承担了这个角色。例如,很少有人承认,年轻人(18岁以下)有时会承担照顾祖父母、父母或兄弟姐妹等亲人的责任。许多专业人士在讨论照顾所爱之人的问题时,甚至不涉及年轻人——人们通常认为是成年人提供照顾。这些不被重视的照顾者需要得到承认和支持。
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引用次数: 0
Fall Prevention Intervention in the Emergency Department for Older Adults. 急诊部老年人跌倒预防干预
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-06
Cameron J Gettel, Elizabeth M Goldberg
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Cases in the Literature on Auditory Hallucinations: It would be Possible for Mozart to Hallucinate his Music 幻听文献案例综述:莫扎特的音乐有可能幻听
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.220
Ariadna Gonzalez
Introduction: A review of cases in the literature on auditory hallucinations, and associated clinical characteristics, to late onset psychosis and hearing loss is performed. It has been speculated that Mozart was suffering from musical auditory hallucinations and that he used these hallucinating phenomena to write his works. Musical hallucinations that appear in elderly women may have different causes and there are few cases described in the literature have been described in different clinical situations: loss of hearing ability; brain lesions, vascular processes and encephalitis; consumption of psychoactive substances and psychiatric disorders. Methods: Cases published in the literature on auditory hallucinations from 2011 to 2019 are reviewed. Results: Different cases are described, from episodes of musical auditory hallucinations to: late age, after a surgical process, after using a medication, due to hearing problems, by musicians, by evocations of remote memory and during dreams, in addition to perception of music in patients with previous mental health disorders. Conclusion: Musical hallucinations are a rare and complex phenomenon. Clinically they may be more frequent in women and in old age. Musical hallucinations are a borderline pathology between neurology, otolaryngology and little-known psychiatry, which is often mistakenly linked to a mental illness.
引言:对文献中有关幻听和相关临床特征、晚发性精神病和听力丧失的病例进行综述。据推测,莫扎特患有音乐幻听,并利用这些幻听现象来创作作品。老年妇女出现的音乐幻觉可能有不同的原因,文献中描述的病例很少有不同的临床情况:听力丧失;脑部病变、血管突和脑炎;精神活性物质的消费和精神疾病。方法:回顾2011 - 2019年发表的有关幻听的文献。结果:描述了不同的案例,从音乐幻听的发作到:晚年,手术后,服药后,由于听力问题,音乐家,远程记忆的唤起和在梦中,以及先前有精神健康障碍的患者对音乐的感知。结论:音乐幻觉是一种罕见而复杂的现象。临床上,它们可能更常见于妇女和老年人。音乐幻觉是介于神经病学、耳鼻喉科和鲜为人知的精神病学之间的一种边缘病理学,后者经常被错误地与精神疾病联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
Physical Activity as a Preventive Factor to Aging-Related Physical Dysfunction in Iranian Community-Dwelling Elderly 体力活动对伊朗社区老年人衰老相关身体功能障碍的预防作用
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.236
Mehdi Kushkestani, M. Moghadassi, Mohsen Parvani, S. Nosrani, Sohrab Rezaei
Background and purpose: Aging is associated with a significant reduction in biological, physiological and functional capacity. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between physical activity level and physical performance indicators in the community-dwelling elderly people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 431 community-dwelling older adults (>60) voluntarily were recruited from the Tehran (Iran). General and demographic features, physical activity levels, and physical performance factors were measured and recorded by demographic, PASE questionnaires, and physical function tests. Results: Age was significantly correlated with mobility, balance, speed, and lower body power (p<0.00). Also, there was a significantly positive correlation between balance (r=0.219, p<0.01), mobility(r=0.140, p<0.01) speed test (r=0.220, p<0.00) and the lower body power (r=0.237, p<0.01) with physical activity levels. Also, as expected different physical function factors were significantly difference between insufficient and sufficient physical activity group (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of strategies such as regular exercise training at parks and public places with a focus on exercise physiology experts, in addition to preventing a decline in performance, can lead to the prevention of many agingrelated disorders and increase public health.
背景与目的:衰老与生物、生理和功能能力的显著下降有关。摘要本研究旨在探讨社区居住老年人身体活动水平与身体机能指标的关系。方法:在这项横断面研究中,从德黑兰(伊朗)自愿招募了431名社区居住的老年人(60岁至60岁)。通过人口统计、PASE问卷和身体功能测试测量和记录一般和人口特征、身体活动水平和身体表现因素。结果:年龄与运动能力、平衡能力、速度、下体力量有显著相关(p<0.00)。平衡性测试(r=0.219, p<0.01)、能动性测试(r=0.140, p<0.01)、速度测试(r=0.220, p<0.00)和下肢力量测试(r=0.237, p<0.01)与体力活动水平呈极显著正相关。体力活动不足组和体力活动充足组的各项身体功能因子差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。结论:在运动生理学专家的指导下,在公园和公共场所定期进行运动训练等策略,除了可以防止成绩下降外,还可以预防许多与衰老相关的疾病,提高公众健康水平。
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引用次数: 4
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Journal of aging science
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