Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.237
Mehdi Kushkestani, Mohsen Parvani, M. Moghadassi, S. Nosrani
Today, increasing life expectancy and years of life without disease is one of the most important issues in health. The aim of this study was to Investigation of Life Expectancy in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men in Iran and its related factors. 424 men aged over 60 years were randomly assigned to different areas of Tehran participated in the study. First, the subjects' body composition and anthropometric indices, including weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured using Omron's digital scale and tape measure. In order to assess the level of life expectancy, physical activity and nutritional status, Snyder’s Questionnaire of Hope, Physical activity scale for elderly (PASE) and Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were used, respectively. For statistical analysis software SPSS version 21 was used. The results of statistical analysis of the data showed a direct relationship between the level of education, nutritional status and physical activity and the inverse and significant relationship between comorbidity with life expectancy. According to the findings of this study, the use of strategies to increase the level of physical activity and healthy lifestyle in the elderly plays an effective role in the health of the elderly and increase life expectancy.
今天，提高预期寿命和无病寿命年数是卫生领域最重要的问题之一。本研究的目的是调查伊朗社区居住老年男性的预期寿命及其相关因素。424名60岁以上的男性被随机分配到德黑兰的不同地区参加了这项研究。首先，使用欧姆龙数字秤和卷尺测量受试者的身体组成和人体测量指标，包括体重、体质指数、腰围和臀围。分别采用Snyder’s Questionnaire of Hope、physical activity scale for elderly (PASE)和Mini nutritional assessment (MNA)来评估预期寿命、体力活动和营养状况。统计分析软件采用SPSS version 21。对数据进行统计分析的结果显示，受教育程度、营养状况和身体活动之间存在直接关系，而合并症与预期寿命之间存在显著的负相关关系。根据本研究的发现，使用策略来增加老年人的身体活动水平和健康的生活方式对老年人的健康和延长预期寿命起着有效的作用。
{"title":"Investigation of Life Expectancy in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men in Iran And Its Related Factors","authors":"Mehdi Kushkestani, Mohsen Parvani, M. Moghadassi, S. Nosrani","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.237","url":null,"abstract":"Today, increasing life expectancy and years of life without disease is one of the most important issues in health. The aim of this study was to Investigation of Life Expectancy in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men in Iran and its related factors. 424 men aged over 60 years were randomly assigned to different areas of Tehran participated in the study. First, the subjects' body composition and anthropometric indices, including weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured using Omron's digital scale and tape measure. In order to assess the level of life expectancy, physical activity and nutritional status, Snyder’s Questionnaire of Hope, Physical activity scale for elderly (PASE) and Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were used, respectively. For statistical analysis software SPSS version 21 was used. The results of statistical analysis of the data showed a direct relationship between the level of education, nutritional status and physical activity and the inverse and significant relationship between comorbidity with life expectancy. According to the findings of this study, the use of strategies to increase the level of physical activity and healthy lifestyle in the elderly plays an effective role in the health of the elderly and increase life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.238
M. Seto, A. Satoh, M. Tsujihata
Cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy (cMIBG) and an olfactory function test using the Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT-J) were performed for 46 patients with idiopathic REM behavior disorder (iRBD). The H/M ratio on cMIBG of iRBD patients was classified according to the Hoehn-Yahr's (H-Y) stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) as follows: early images, normal range, 11(23.9%); H-YI, 3 (6.5%); H-YII, 5 (10.9%); ≥ H-YIII, 27 (58.7%); and delayed images, normal range, 9 (19.6%); H-YI, 3 (6.5%); H-YII, 1 (2.2%); ≥ H-YIII, 33 (71.7%). The OSIT-J scores decreased in 76.2% of iRBD patients, and 20.5% of Normal subjects. The OSIT-J scores in iRBD patients were strongly correlated with the H/M ratio on early and delayed cMIBG images (p<0.001, Pearson correlation coefficient). PD progresses from H-Y stage I to V, with the H/M ratio on cMIBG decreasing as the H-Y stage progresses.The H/M ratio in iRBD patients decreased to PD H-Y III/IV or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) levels in 71.7% of patients.Thus, in many cases, iRBDs is a precursor of DLBs but not of PDs. Although olfactory dysfunction has no disease specificity, it is a simple and useful screening test that can be applied before cMIBG for patients with iRBD.
{"title":"Reduced Cardiac 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy and Olfactory Impairment in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder","authors":"M. Seto, A. Satoh, M. Tsujihata","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.238","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy (cMIBG) and an olfactory function test using the Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT-J) were performed for 46 patients with idiopathic REM behavior disorder (iRBD). The H/M ratio on cMIBG of iRBD patients was classified according to the Hoehn-Yahr's (H-Y) stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) as follows: early images, normal range, 11(23.9%); H-YI, 3 (6.5%); H-YII, 5 (10.9%); ≥ H-YIII, 27 (58.7%); and delayed images, normal range, 9 (19.6%); H-YI, 3 (6.5%); H-YII, 1 (2.2%); ≥ H-YIII, 33 (71.7%). The OSIT-J scores decreased in 76.2% of iRBD patients, and 20.5% of Normal subjects. The OSIT-J scores in iRBD patients were strongly correlated with the H/M ratio on early and delayed cMIBG images (p<0.001, Pearson correlation coefficient). PD progresses from H-Y stage I to V, with the H/M ratio on cMIBG decreasing as the H-Y stage progresses.The H/M ratio in iRBD patients decreased to PD H-Y III/IV or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) levels in 71.7% of patients.Thus, in many cases, iRBDs is a precursor of DLBs but not of PDs. Although olfactory dysfunction has no disease specificity, it is a simple and useful screening test that can be applied before cMIBG for patients with iRBD.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.001
T. Antonis
Introduction: Memory deficits, both short-term and long-term, as well as post-traumatic amnesia, are very common in patients who have undergone TBI, but rarely reflect a classic amnesia syndrome. Memory difficulties can be the result of many different factors, not the result of a single deficit. According to Brookshire, reduced hippocampal volume and white matter are associated with memory deficits. Aim: To investigate the neuropsychological profile and memory storage difficulties from partial brain damage in a case of post-traumatic epilepsy. Materials and method: An international literature review was performed on Pub Med and Cochrane online databases on epilepsy, and information material from the historical, psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation of a female patient presenting with symptoms of mental disorder, history of epileptic seizures and history was used. Results: The patient was shown to maintain a normal level of ability to perform daily activities as well as an assessment of reality control. Her performance across the range of cognitive abilities ranged below the normal limits for her age and level of education. Conclusion: Development of psychosis following surgery to reduce seizures may be observed. Specific cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms are associated with impaired right temporal lobe function, and differentiate this particular patient profile from other syndromes associated with focal degeneration of the frontal and left temporal lobe.
{"title":"A Case of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: The Specific Cognitive Deficits and the Psychiatric Symptoms","authors":"T. Antonis","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Memory deficits, both short-term and long-term, as well as post-traumatic amnesia, are very common in patients who have undergone TBI, but rarely reflect a classic amnesia syndrome. Memory difficulties can be the result of many different factors, not the result of a single deficit. According to Brookshire, reduced hippocampal volume and white matter are associated with memory deficits. Aim: To investigate the neuropsychological profile and memory storage difficulties from partial brain damage in a case of post-traumatic epilepsy. Materials and method: An international literature review was performed on Pub Med and Cochrane online databases on epilepsy, and information material from the historical, psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation of a female patient presenting with symptoms of mental disorder, history of epileptic seizures and history was used. Results: The patient was shown to maintain a normal level of ability to perform daily activities as well as an assessment of reality control. Her performance across the range of cognitive abilities ranged below the normal limits for her age and level of education. Conclusion: Development of psychosis following surgery to reduce seizures may be observed. Specific cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms are associated with impaired right temporal lobe function, and differentiate this particular patient profile from other syndromes associated with focal degeneration of the frontal and left temporal lobe.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.240
K. Hirokawa, M. Utsuyama
This year, 2020, is unforgettable in terms of COVID 19. When infected, high percentage of elderly people become severe in disease state, because they are usually immunologically low in level and have some underlying diseases. It is of note that the severe condition of COVID-19 is also observed in some of younger people. The fact suggests that immunologically deficient status may be observed in younger people. A quantitative assessment of the immune system developed by us was performed in more than 6000 people of various ages and indicated that a significant decline was observed in about over 10% of younger people without notable diseases. Major possible reasons for immunological depression in these younger people are stress and improper lifestyle.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Immunological Level Using Peripheral Blood Cells","authors":"K. Hirokawa, M. Utsuyama","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.240","url":null,"abstract":"This year, 2020, is unforgettable in terms of COVID 19. When infected, high percentage of elderly people become severe in disease state, because they are usually immunologically low in level and have some underlying diseases. It is of note that the severe condition of COVID-19 is also observed in some of younger people. The fact suggests that immunologically deficient status may be observed in younger people. A quantitative assessment of the immune system developed by us was performed in more than 6000 people of various ages and indicated that a significant decline was observed in about over 10% of younger people without notable diseases. Major possible reasons for immunological depression in these younger people are stress and improper lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.002
M. Sheykhi
Sociology generally appraises various social and economic aspects of human life. One of the current issues of human life is known as aging. Various results of the development of science and technology have contributed to increasing life line/further aging. Though aging is appraised in some parts of the world, it is a challenge for other parts. Many aging people in such parts are deprived of sufficient income, health care facilities, housing, nursing and the like in their old age. Almost all the countries in Asian context are growing old. Some like Japan and South Korea are in a better position, whereas many in south and west Asia are not in an easy situation. It is worth mentioning that many people in their old age are not productive, but are only a happy resource for their children. Under such circumstances aging is continuing in an uncontrolled way. So, it is the social scientists who must predict and appraise the scenario appearing. In addition, it is the governments that must plan for such a new category of emerging people. Aging people as merely consuming people, have their own particular needs and habits. Their needs also usually increase followed by their aging. Therefore, governments need to allocate special budget to such people out of their annual GNP. If such a mechanism is not put into effect, aging people's lives will not continue in a satisfactory manner. The process of creating social categories based on age is known as age grading and aging, and varies from culture to culture, and from one historical period to another. One of our objectives in this paper is to find out the connotation of such changes in Asia. Though population aging or graying is due to increased longevity, and declining birth rare, and more prevalent in industrial world, yet it is entering the developing Asia too.
{"title":"Aging Reflects as a Socio-Economic Challenge in Asia: A Sociological Appraisal","authors":"M. Sheykhi","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.002","url":null,"abstract":"Sociology generally appraises various social and economic aspects of human life. One of the current issues of human life is known as aging. Various results of the development of science and technology have contributed to increasing life line/further aging. Though aging is appraised in some parts of the world, it is a challenge for other parts. Many aging people in such parts are deprived of sufficient income, health care facilities, housing, nursing and the like in their old age. Almost all the countries in Asian context are growing old. Some like Japan and South Korea are in a better position, whereas many in south and west Asia are not in an easy situation. It is worth mentioning that many people in their old age are not productive, but are only a happy resource for their children. Under such circumstances aging is continuing in an uncontrolled way. So, it is the social scientists who must predict and appraise the scenario appearing. In addition, it is the governments that must plan for such a new category of emerging people. Aging people as merely consuming people, have their own particular needs and habits. Their needs also usually increase followed by their aging. Therefore, governments need to allocate special budget to such people out of their annual GNP. If such a mechanism is not put into effect, aging people's lives will not continue in a satisfactory manner. The process of creating social categories based on age is known as age grading and aging, and varies from culture to culture, and from one historical period to another. One of our objectives in this paper is to find out the connotation of such changes in Asia. Though population aging or graying is due to increased longevity, and declining birth rare, and more prevalent in industrial world, yet it is entering the developing Asia too.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.219
H. Ting, Shy Chan, E. Luk, Qmy To, CY. Wong, K. Choo
Introduction: Studies suggest that 25% to 40% of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients are undernourished. Poor nutritional status in COPD patients is related to increased risk of complications, hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition risk, and to explore its relationship with the nutritional intakes, and the clinical outcomes among a group of COPD inpatients at a local acute hospital. Method: One hundred eighty records of COPD patients who have seen a dietitian during the admission period from 1 Apr 2017 to 31 Mar 2019 were retrieved. Prevalence of malnutrition risk, protein and energy intake, mortality, LOS and the 28-day emergency readmission after discharge were compared among different risk groups. Result: The prevalence of malnutrition risk among these 180 COPD patients was 77.8%. The LOS of patients with malnutrition risk was 59% longer than the low risk group (8.9 ± 11.8days vs. 5.6 ± 3.4days, p<0.05). The emergency readmission rate within 28 days was higher in the at-risk patients compared to low-risk patients (37.5% vs. 20.0%, OR=2.44, p<0.05), as was the mortality rate (5.0% vs. 0%, OR 4.55, p<0.05). Eighty-eight patients have Body Mass Index (BMI) records, 60% of them were underweight with BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, in which 26% were categorized as severely underweight (BMI ≤ 16.0 kg/m2). One hundred fifty-six subjects have energy and protein intake records. The mean intakes were 839kcal and 37g respectively, meeting only 59% and 64% of their requirements. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition risk is high in COPD inpatients, and such patients are more prone to have poorer clinical outcomes and nutritional status. Increased hospital LOS, higher mortality rate, higher readmission rate, and lower nutritional intakes are common in malnourished COPD inpatients. Regular nutrition assessment is therefore crucial for COPD patients at early disease stages to prevent and treat malnutrition.
研究表明，25%至40%的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者营养不良。慢性阻塞性肺病患者营养状况不良与并发症风险增加、住院时间(LOS)和死亡率增加有关。本研究旨在调查当地某急症医院慢性阻塞性肺病住院患者营养不良风险的发生率，并探讨其与营养摄入量及临床结局的关系。方法:检索2017年4月1日至2019年3月31日入院期间与营养师就诊的180例COPD患者的记录。比较不同风险组的营养不良风险发生率、蛋白质和能量摄入、死亡率、LOS和出院后28天急诊再入院情况。结果:180例慢性阻塞性肺病患者营养不良风险患病率为77.8%。营养不良风险组的生存时间比低风险组长59%(8.9±11.8d∶5.6±3.4d, p<0.05)。高危患者28天内急诊再入院率高于低危患者(37.5% vs. 20.0%， OR=2.44, p<0.05)，死亡率也高于高危患者(5.0% vs. 0%， OR 4.55, p<0.05)。88例患者有身体质量指数(BMI)记录，60%的患者体重不足，BMI≤18.5 kg/m2，其中26%的患者体重严重不足(BMI≤16.0 kg/m2)。156名受试者有能量和蛋白质摄入记录。平均摄入量分别为839千卡和37克，仅满足59%和64%的需求。结论:慢性阻塞性肺病住院患者营养不良风险发生率高，且临床预后和营养状况较差。在营养不良的慢性阻塞性肺病住院患者中，增加的医院LOS、更高的死亡率、更高的再入院率和更低的营养摄入量是常见的。因此，对于处于疾病早期阶段的慢性阻塞性肺病患者而言，定期营养评估对于预防和治疗营养不良至关重要。
{"title":"Prevalence of Malnutrition in COPD Inpatients and its Relationship with Nutritional Intakes and Clinical Outcomes","authors":"H. Ting, Shy Chan, E. Luk, Qmy To, CY. Wong, K. Choo","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.219","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies suggest that 25% to 40% of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients are undernourished. Poor nutritional status in COPD patients is related to increased risk of complications, hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition risk, and to explore its relationship with the nutritional intakes, and the clinical outcomes among a group of COPD inpatients at a local acute hospital. Method: One hundred eighty records of COPD patients who have seen a dietitian during the admission period from 1 Apr 2017 to 31 Mar 2019 were retrieved. Prevalence of malnutrition risk, protein and energy intake, mortality, LOS and the 28-day emergency readmission after discharge were compared among different risk groups. Result: The prevalence of malnutrition risk among these 180 COPD patients was 77.8%. The LOS of patients with malnutrition risk was 59% longer than the low risk group (8.9 ± 11.8days vs. 5.6 ± 3.4days, p<0.05). The emergency readmission rate within 28 days was higher in the at-risk patients compared to low-risk patients (37.5% vs. 20.0%, OR=2.44, p<0.05), as was the mortality rate (5.0% vs. 0%, OR 4.55, p<0.05). Eighty-eight patients have Body Mass Index (BMI) records, 60% of them were underweight with BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, in which 26% were categorized as severely underweight (BMI ≤ 16.0 kg/m2). One hundred fifty-six subjects have energy and protein intake records. The mean intakes were 839kcal and 37g respectively, meeting only 59% and 64% of their requirements. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition risk is high in COPD inpatients, and such patients are more prone to have poorer clinical outcomes and nutritional status. Increased hospital LOS, higher mortality rate, higher readmission rate, and lower nutritional intakes are common in malnourished COPD inpatients. Regular nutrition assessment is therefore crucial for COPD patients at early disease stages to prevent and treat malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.8.242
Helen P. Harris, J. Ellor
Despite improving life expectancies in recent years, complications and mortality in older adult COVID-19 infections are higher than any other age group. The impact is significant in older adults and family members and friends who are unable to be with them during illness and death. Additionally, the safety guidelines for masks, distancing, and isolation during outbreaks/exposure contribute to mental and physical health difficulties and have altered and interrupted grief rituals across the world. This commentary addresses these increased vulnerabilities for older adults who are already dealing with the challenges of aging bodies and isolation from families, i.e. who are living in the vertical limits of this life.
{"title":"Older Adults in the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic: Reflections on Vulnerability, Grief, and the Vertical Limit","authors":"Helen P. Harris, J. Ellor","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.8.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.8.242","url":null,"abstract":"Despite improving life expectancies in recent years, complications and mortality in older adult COVID-19 infections are higher than any other age group. The impact is significant in older adults and family members and friends who are unable to be with them during illness and death. Additionally, the safety guidelines for masks, distancing, and isolation during outbreaks/exposure contribute to mental and physical health difficulties and have altered and interrupted grief rituals across the world. This commentary addresses these increased vulnerabilities for older adults who are already dealing with the challenges of aging bodies and isolation from families, i.e. who are living in the vertical limits of this life.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.003
S. Allen
Ageing is associated with persisting systemic inflammation, both in chronic form and as delayed resolution after acute inflammatory illnesses. The clearest markers of this are raised blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other chemokines that are involved in mediating an inflammatory state, and C-reactive protein as general indicator of inflammation. This condition of “inflammaging” is linked causally in a complex and reciprocal manner with several diseases that are prevalent in older people including a tendency to develop delirium during acute perturbations of brain function, and to a predisposition to dementia and other age-associated neurodegenerative conditions. There is evidence of a key role of cytokines both in the aetiologies of such diseases and in the immune modulation processes that reduce inflammation, and evidence that interleukin-6 has a particularly complex effect depending on physiological and metabolic context. It is probable that the influence of cytokines on the central nervous system is directly mediated via receptors on neurons, microglial cells and astrocytes, rather than through secondary metabolic effects. The epigenetic mechanisms involved are starting to be understood. Though the descriptive phenomenology of inflammation has produced a large amount of information it is obviously, like the biochemistry of all living organisms, an extremely complex environment that cannot be described adequately using linear pathways, or even 3-dimensional models. To deal with the complexity, fluidity, stability, responses and fluctuations of immune chemistry it is proposed that a better grasp of immune system regulation, its responses to perturbation and its relationship with disease states and aging, including neuropathology, might be better progressed by using a multifactorial conditional logic approach, such as Boolean analysis. Such work will require an iterative collaboration between clinicians, molecular biologists, mathematicians and software engineers.
{"title":"Inflammation, Delirium, Dementia and Ageing Brain Phenotypes: A Short Review and the Need for New Approaches to Explore Immune System Complexity","authors":"S. Allen","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.S3.003","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is associated with persisting systemic inflammation, both in chronic form and as delayed resolution after acute inflammatory illnesses. The clearest markers of this are raised blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other chemokines that are involved in mediating an inflammatory state, and C-reactive protein as general indicator of inflammation. This condition of “inflammaging” is linked causally in a complex and reciprocal manner with several diseases that are prevalent in older people including a tendency to develop delirium during acute perturbations of brain function, and to a predisposition to dementia and other age-associated neurodegenerative conditions. There is evidence of a key role of cytokines both in the aetiologies of such diseases and in the immune modulation processes that reduce inflammation, and evidence that interleukin-6 has a particularly complex effect depending on physiological and metabolic context. It is probable that the influence of cytokines on the central nervous system is directly mediated via receptors on neurons, microglial cells and astrocytes, rather than through secondary metabolic effects. The epigenetic mechanisms involved are starting to be understood. Though the descriptive phenomenology of inflammation has produced a large amount of information it is obviously, like the biochemistry of all living organisms, an extremely complex environment that cannot be described adequately using linear pathways, or even 3-dimensional models. To deal with the complexity, fluidity, stability, responses and fluctuations of immune chemistry it is proposed that a better grasp of immune system regulation, its responses to perturbation and its relationship with disease states and aging, including neuropathology, might be better progressed by using a multifactorial conditional logic approach, such as Boolean analysis. Such work will require an iterative collaboration between clinicians, molecular biologists, mathematicians and software engineers.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70003894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcopenia is a debilitating muscle-wasting disease that is the major cause of frailty and disability in aging. Ghrelin (aka acylated ghrelin, AG) is a circulating peptide hormone with an unique octanoylation on Ser3. AG induces growth hormone (GH) secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity and insulin resistance via its receptor, Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). Unlike AG, unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is a peptide generated from the same ghrelin gene with amino acid sequence identical to AG but without the octanoylation modification, so UAG does not activate GHS-R. Intriguingly, both AG and UAG have been shown to promote differentiation and fusion of muscle C2C12 cells, regulate metabolic and mitochondrial signaling pathways in myotubes, and attenuate fasting- or denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, it has also been shown that ghrelin gene deficiency increases vulnerability to fasting-induced muscle loss in aging mice, and AG and UAG effectively protects against muscle atrophy of aging mice. Because UAG doesn't bind to GHS-R, it doesn't have the undesired side-effects of elevated GH-release and increased obesity as AG. In summary, UAG has an impressive anti-atrophic effect in muscle protecting against muscle atrophy in aging, it has potential to be a unique and superior therapeutic candidate for muscle-wasting diseases such as sarcopenia.
{"title":"Thrifty Hormone Ghrelin: The Secret of Aging Muscularly.","authors":"Yuxiang Sun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is a debilitating muscle-wasting disease that is the major cause of frailty and disability in aging. Ghrelin (aka acylated ghrelin, AG) is a circulating peptide hormone with an unique octanoylation on Ser3. AG induces growth hormone (GH) secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity and insulin resistance via its receptor, <i>Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor</i> (GHS-R). Unlike AG, unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is a peptide generated from the same ghrelin gene with amino acid sequence identical to AG but without the octanoylation modification, so UAG does not activate GHS-R. Intriguingly, both AG and UAG have been shown to promote differentiation and fusion of muscle C2C12 cells, regulate metabolic and mitochondrial signaling pathways in myotubes, and attenuate fasting- or denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, it has also been shown that ghrelin gene deficiency increases vulnerability to fasting-induced muscle loss in aging mice, and AG and UAG effectively protects against muscle atrophy of aging mice. Because UAG doesn't bind to GHS-R, it doesn't have the undesired side-effects of elevated GH-release and increased obesity as AG. In summary, UAG has an impressive anti-atrophic effect in muscle protecting against muscle atrophy in aging, it has potential to be a unique and superior therapeutic candidate for muscle-wasting diseases such as sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"8 Suppl 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.226
Ewing Gw, S. Parvez
The author discusses the fundamental relationship which exists between sense perception, brain function, and changes of molecular biology and uses Grakov’s mathematical model of the relationship between sense perception, brain function, the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems, and cellular and molecular biology to explain this complex relationship in the Alzheimer patient. This paper illustrates that changes of molecular biology (the a-Beta amyloid protein and fibrils) are the consequence of the failure of the brain to optimise the function of the physiological systems, in particular sleep, posture, intercellular pH and blood glucose. It is shown that Alzheimer’s Disease is a polygenomic, multisystemic and multi-pathological indication, with cognitive and neurological origins, and that knowledge of this mechanism has the potential to screen and treat the autonomic dysfunction which characterizes Alzheimer’s Disease and all common pathologies. Case studies of how the technology can be used to screen the Alzheimer patient, and to treat a wide range of cognitive and/or pathological indications, are used to support the presented arguments.
{"title":"The Multisystemic origins of Alzheimerandrsquo;s disease","authors":"Ewing Gw, S. Parvez","doi":"10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-8847.20.08.226","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses the fundamental relationship which exists between sense perception, brain function, and changes of molecular biology and uses Grakov’s mathematical model of the relationship between sense perception, brain function, the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems, and cellular and molecular biology to explain this complex relationship in the Alzheimer patient. This paper illustrates that changes of molecular biology (the a-Beta amyloid protein and fibrils) are the consequence of the failure of the brain to optimise the function of the physiological systems, in particular sleep, posture, intercellular pH and blood glucose. It is shown that Alzheimer’s Disease is a polygenomic, multisystemic and multi-pathological indication, with cognitive and neurological origins, and that knowledge of this mechanism has the potential to screen and treat the autonomic dysfunction which characterizes Alzheimer’s Disease and all common pathologies. Case studies of how the technology can be used to screen the Alzheimer patient, and to treat a wide range of cognitive and/or pathological indications, are used to support the presented arguments.","PeriodicalId":90884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aging science","volume":"130 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70002981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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