The main goal of this study is to investigate the characteristics and determinants of rural non-agricultural activities using country representative household survey. This study is based on 14,616 sampled households which was collected from the four main regions of Ethiopia, namely Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR which represent more than 90% of the population of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and probit model were implemented for the analysis of the study. The study revealed that non-agricultural participation ranges from 17 to 37% in Amhara and SNNPR regions, respectively. The main non-agricultural activities of Ethiopia covers major economic sectors were manufacturing (brewing traditional alcohols and grain milling among others), trade activities (whole sale and retail trade) and service activities (transport, carpentry, repair service and small restaurants among others). The determinants of rural non-agricultural activities include lack of access to agricultural land, low/volatile earnings and social/economic independence. Majorly, lack of market opportunities, limited access to credit, poor access to road and lack of education were most prominent. It was recommended that rural infrastructure development is critically relevant for facilitating the promotion of rural non-agricultural activity of Ethiopia. Key words: Non-agricultural activity, determinants, households, Ethiopia, Probit model.
{"title":"Opportunities and determinants of rural non-agricultural activities in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Mosa, K. Siddig, H. Grethe","doi":"10.5897/jdae2017.0830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2017.0830","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this study is to investigate the characteristics and determinants of rural non-agricultural activities using country representative household survey. This study is based on 14,616 sampled households which was collected from the four main regions of Ethiopia, namely Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR which represent more than 90% of the population of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and probit model were implemented for the analysis of the study. The study revealed that non-agricultural participation ranges from 17 to 37% in Amhara and SNNPR regions, respectively. The main non-agricultural activities of Ethiopia covers major economic sectors were manufacturing (brewing traditional alcohols and grain milling among others), trade activities (whole sale and retail trade) and service activities (transport, carpentry, repair service and small restaurants among others). The determinants of rural non-agricultural activities include lack of access to agricultural land, low/volatile earnings and social/economic independence. Majorly, lack of market opportunities, limited access to credit, poor access to road and lack of education were most prominent. It was recommended that rural infrastructure development is critically relevant for facilitating the promotion of rural non-agricultural activity of Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Non-agricultural activity, determinants, households, Ethiopia, Probit model.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2017.0830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the independent Benin's first export crop, oil palm continues to play an important role in the Beninese economy and society despite the decline in its production that has begun since the 1970s. It is present in most cropping systems throughout southern Benin. The objective of this article is, on the one hand, to assess the level of technical efficiency of oil palm fruit processing units in South-East Benin and, on the other hand, to analyze the determinants of this technical efficiency. The so-called "two-step" method was used, which consists of using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for the analysis of technical efficiency scores followed by a Tobit regression model to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency. The data used were collected in 2018 within the Adja-Ouere municipality. The results obtained show that the average technical efficiency score of the processing units is 0.891, which means that it is still possible to improve the production. The analysis of the determinants of technical efficiency showed that variables such as membership to an agricultural producer organization and the number of direct relatives involved in the processing activity improve the technical efficiency of oil palm fruit processing units. Key words: Oil palm fruit processing, the so-called "two-step" method, data envelopment analysis, Tobit model, Benin.
{"title":"Factors affecting the technical efficiency of oil palm fruit processing units in South-East Benin","authors":"J. Adanguidi","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1065","url":null,"abstract":"As the independent Benin's first export crop, oil palm continues to play an important role in the Beninese economy and society despite the decline in its production that has begun since the 1970s. It is present in most cropping systems throughout southern Benin. The objective of this article is, on the one hand, to assess the level of technical efficiency of oil palm fruit processing units in South-East Benin and, on the other hand, to analyze the determinants of this technical efficiency. The so-called \"two-step\" method was used, which consists of using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for the analysis of technical efficiency scores followed by a Tobit regression model to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency. The data used were collected in 2018 within the Adja-Ouere municipality. The results obtained show that the average technical efficiency score of the processing units is 0.891, which means that it is still possible to improve the production. The analysis of the determinants of technical efficiency showed that variables such as membership to an agricultural producer organization and the number of direct relatives involved in the processing activity improve the technical efficiency of oil palm fruit processing units. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Oil palm fruit processing, the so-called \"two-step\" method, data envelopment analysis, Tobit model, Benin.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Makau, J. VanLeeuwen, G. Gitau, S. McKenna, C. Walton, J. Muraya, J. Wichtel
An agroforestry land use system aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder dairy farms using Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban shrubs as feed supplements was introduced to semi-commercial SDFs in Meru, Kenya, as part of a field trial. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of using the C. calothyrsus and S. sesban on family income and livelihoods during the 16-month trial period. Eighty farmers randomly allocated to four groups (nutrition, reproduction, combined nutrition and reproduction, and a comparison group) were enrolled in this study. The nutrition intervention included nutritional management advice and provision of 150 C. calothyrsus seedlings and 150 S. sesban seedlings to each farm. Farms were visited every 1-2 months during the trial to collect data on milk production and feeding practices during the previous day. Seventy of these farms completed the trial and were interviewed post-intervention. Partial budget analysis of their farms was done by comparing changes in average monthly profits (from milk) and feeding costs/cow for the first 6 months and last 6 months of the intervention. Focus group discussions were used to collect qualitative information on livelihood effects from the trial. There was a KES 2,380.3 (USD 23.5) increase in average monthly profit/cow in the nutrition group comparing the first and last 6 months of the trial, representing a 68.8% improvement (p = 0.02). Average feeding costs significantly decreased across all groups over the trial period. Knowledge on dairy cow nutrition, level of confidence on calf management, and feeling of empowerment to raise calves/heifers to achieve first calving by 27 months were higher among farmers in the nutrition and combined groups than farmers in the other groups. There were positive direct and indirect impacts on the income and livelihoods of farmers in the two groups receiving nutritional interventions. Agroforestry, using C. calothyrsus and S. sesban shrubs can improve household livelihoods if adopted by SDFs in Kenya. Key words: Smallholder dairy, agroforestry, partial budget analysis, leguminous shrubs.
{"title":"Livelihood impacts of Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban: Supplementary feed in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya","authors":"Dennis Makau, J. VanLeeuwen, G. Gitau, S. McKenna, C. Walton, J. Muraya, J. Wichtel","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1079","url":null,"abstract":"An agroforestry land use system aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder dairy farms using Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban shrubs as feed supplements was introduced to semi-commercial SDFs in Meru, Kenya, as part of a field trial. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of using the C. calothyrsus and S. sesban on family income and livelihoods during the 16-month trial period. Eighty farmers randomly allocated to four groups (nutrition, reproduction, combined nutrition and reproduction, and a comparison group) were enrolled in this study. The nutrition intervention included nutritional management advice and provision of 150 C. calothyrsus seedlings and 150 S. sesban seedlings to each farm. Farms were visited every 1-2 months during the trial to collect data on milk production and feeding practices during the previous day. Seventy of these farms completed the trial and were interviewed post-intervention. Partial budget analysis of their farms was done by comparing changes in average monthly profits (from milk) and feeding costs/cow for the first 6 months and last 6 months of the intervention. Focus group discussions were used to collect qualitative information on livelihood effects from the trial. There was a KES 2,380.3 (USD 23.5) increase in average monthly profit/cow in the nutrition group comparing the first and last 6 months of the trial, representing a 68.8% improvement (p = 0.02). Average feeding costs significantly decreased across all groups over the trial period. Knowledge on dairy cow nutrition, level of confidence on calf management, and feeling of empowerment to raise calves/heifers to achieve first calving by 27 months were higher among farmers in the nutrition and combined groups than farmers in the other groups. There were positive direct and indirect impacts on the income and livelihoods of farmers in the two groups receiving nutritional interventions. Agroforestry, using C. calothyrsus and S. sesban shrubs can improve household livelihoods if adopted by SDFs in Kenya. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Smallholder dairy, agroforestry, partial budget analysis, leguminous shrubs.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2019.1079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microfinance is proposed to be an efficient and viable means to poverty alleviation in the developing world, but there has been little empirical study on the impacts of microfinance banks. This study examines the impact of Rima Microfinance Bank on beneficiaries’ income and poverty in Goronyo Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria. A multistage-sampling technique was used to draw the sample and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics (means, frequency, and percentages) and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index. The result revealed that the beneficiaries had a mean per capita income of N47,489.19 before and N115,678 after using the Rima Microfinance credit facility. The result of the FGT poverty incidence reduces by 6%. This is reflected by the reduction in poverty depth and severity significantly after the Rima microfinance intervention in the form of agricultural input credit facilities. The study recommends a microfinance policy that will ease more access to credit as well as ensuring efficient utilization of acquired inputs through effective monitoring for better productivity, income and poverty reduction among rural dwellers. Key words: Rima-Microfinace, impact, income, poverty, beneficiaries.
{"title":"Micro-financing and rural poverty reduction: A case of Rima Microfinance Bank in Goronyo Local Government Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Mustapha, B. Yusuf, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.5897/jdae2018.0974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2018.0974","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance is proposed to be an efficient and viable means to poverty alleviation in the developing world, but there has been little empirical study on the impacts of microfinance banks. This study examines the impact of Rima Microfinance Bank on beneficiaries’ income and poverty in Goronyo Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria. A multistage-sampling technique was used to draw the sample and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics (means, frequency, and percentages) and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index. The result revealed that the beneficiaries had a mean per capita income of N47,489.19 before and N115,678 after using the Rima Microfinance credit facility. The result of the FGT poverty incidence reduces by 6%. This is reflected by the reduction in poverty depth and severity significantly after the Rima microfinance intervention in the form of agricultural input credit facilities. The study recommends a microfinance policy that will ease more access to credit as well as ensuring efficient utilization of acquired inputs through effective monitoring for better productivity, income and poverty reduction among rural dwellers. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rima-Microfinace, impact, income, poverty, beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2018.0974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46558937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For countries where the agricultural sector supports a majority of the population as in Uganda, the link between poverty and land degradation is of great significance. Soil and water conservation technologies are a recommended means of reducing degradation rates. However, ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the impact of these technologies remain few. Using survey data collected from 338 randomly selected households in the Kabale district of South-Western Uganda, this study used a Tradeoff Analysis for Multi-Dimensional Impact Assessment (TOA-MD) model to analyze the impact of adoption on household agricultural income and poverty levels. In the survey, households in the district either had or had not adopted the soil and water conservation technologies that had been disseminated. Results indicate that the simulated range of adoption rates is between 55 and 85%, with a potential to increase to about 90% amongst households with higher non-farm income. Households are also anticipated to benefit from adoption of soil and water conservation technologies through higher income from farming and poverty reduction; adoption is positively correlated with household non-farm income. Increased access to inputs, credit and improvement in infrastructure are recommended, especially for low income households. Dissemination of soil and water conservation technologies needs to be combined with other income generating measures in order to have a bigger impact on household welfare. Key words: Trade-off analysis, tradeoff analysis for multi-dimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD), soil and water conservation, Uganda, adoption impact, household welfare, smallholder farms.
{"title":"Impact of soil and water conservation technology adoption on smallholder farms in \u0000South-Western Uganda","authors":"A. Turinawe","doi":"10.5897/jdae2018.0918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2018.0918","url":null,"abstract":"For countries where the agricultural sector supports a majority of the population as in Uganda, the link between poverty and land degradation is of great significance. Soil and water conservation technologies are a recommended means of reducing degradation rates. However, ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the impact of these technologies remain few. Using survey data collected from 338 randomly selected households in the Kabale district of South-Western Uganda, this study used a Tradeoff Analysis for Multi-Dimensional Impact Assessment (TOA-MD) model to analyze the impact of adoption on household agricultural income and poverty levels. In the survey, households in the district either had or had not adopted the soil and water conservation technologies that had been disseminated. Results indicate that the simulated range of adoption rates is between 55 and 85%, with a potential to increase to about 90% amongst households with higher non-farm income. Households are also anticipated to benefit from adoption of soil and water conservation technologies through higher income from farming and poverty reduction; adoption is positively correlated with household non-farm income. Increased access to inputs, credit and improvement in infrastructure are recommended, especially for low income households. Dissemination of soil and water conservation technologies needs to be combined with other income generating measures in order to have a bigger impact on household welfare. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Trade-off analysis, tradeoff analysis for multi-dimensional impact assessment (TOA-MD), soil and water conservation, Uganda, adoption impact, household welfare, smallholder farms.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2018.0918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following institutionalisation of certified organic agriculture in Uganda in 2002, more farmers have adopted organic pineapple farming to boost their economic livelihoods. However, farmers have continued to engage in the less profitable conventional market due to organic market’s limited capacity to absorb all their produce. This study seeks to examine organic pineapple farmers’ market choices, improve the empirical understanding of factors determining these choices and how they relate to the success of organic pineapple marketing in Uganda. Data was obtained from a random sample of 116 organic pineapple farmers from central region and three pineapple export companies, in cross-sectional household and key informant surveys. Descriptive statistics revealed that 68% of the farmers sold organic pineapples via both organic and conventional market channels at the same time. The study employed a conditional logit model to explain the factors influencing organic farmers’ market channel choice which established that organic and conventional market price differences in peak and lean seasons, pineapple harvests and losses significantly influenced farmers’ market choice. Farmers’ organic market share can be increased by policy makers’ promotion of local and regional organic market outlets and value addition at farmer and company levels. Key words: Organic pineapple, market choice, Uganda.
{"title":"Market channel options for smallholders in dual markets: A case of organic pineapple farmers \u0000in Uganda","authors":"Harriet Kyomugisha, E. Nuppenau, J. Mugisha","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1067","url":null,"abstract":"Following institutionalisation of certified organic agriculture in Uganda in 2002, more farmers have adopted organic pineapple farming to boost their economic livelihoods. However, farmers have continued to engage in the less profitable conventional market due to organic market’s limited capacity to absorb all their produce. This study seeks to examine organic pineapple farmers’ market choices, improve the empirical understanding of factors determining these choices and how they relate to the success of organic pineapple marketing in Uganda. Data was obtained from a random sample of 116 organic pineapple farmers from central region and three pineapple export companies, in cross-sectional household and key informant surveys. Descriptive statistics revealed that 68% of the farmers sold organic pineapples via both organic and conventional market channels at the same time. The study employed a conditional logit model to explain the factors influencing organic farmers’ market channel choice which established that organic and conventional market price differences in peak and lean seasons, pineapple harvests and losses significantly influenced farmers’ market choice. Farmers’ organic market share can be increased by policy makers’ promotion of local and regional organic market outlets and value addition at farmer and company levels. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Organic pineapple, market choice, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2019.1067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the farming system dynamics in Agricultural Growth Project II and applied a PRA model. The objective was to characterize the farming systems of AGP-II districts and identify production constraints. We investigate how historical trends have influenced the farming system, using data from desk review surveys, semi-structured interviews, focus-group discussions; key informant discussions and observations; by investigating two sample districts of AGP II; these were Ambo and Girar Jarso of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. From each district two PAs were selected randomly applying stratified sampling techniques for AGP II districts. Findings indicate a high disparity in the characterization of wealth and status; that requires intervention to minimize gaps with agricultural technologies; the micro finance institutions have a long way to go to support the input service thought it has increased from 5% in 2012 to 8%in 2017 credit supply. Farmer training centers 65% of them aren’t functional in Ambo district. Average yield per hectare in kg were found 3,700, 3,101, 2,800, 2,100 were for maize, sorghum, wheat and barley respectively; while the average market price per kg was 7 Ethiopian Birr which was 0.31 USD (June/2017 average exchange rate 22.91 Birr/1 USD). While tef, chickpea and lentil was 1,801, 2,300 and 1,800 respectively, with average market price per kg was 20, 24, and 21 Ethiopian Birr which was 0.9, 1.1 and 0.9 USD. So; intervention of technologies has to consider profitability and other necessary parameters. Key words: Farming system, wealth status, Agricultural Growth Program-II (AGP-II), food security, agricultural technologies.
{"title":"Socio-economics characterization of agricultural farming system in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia: Case of AGP-II districts participatory rural appraisal (PRA) model","authors":"Aklilu Nigussie, Agajie Tesfaye","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2017.0914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2017.0914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the farming system dynamics in Agricultural Growth Project II and applied a PRA model. The objective was to characterize the farming systems of AGP-II districts and identify production constraints. We investigate how historical trends have influenced the farming system, using data from desk review surveys, semi-structured interviews, focus-group discussions; key informant discussions and observations; by investigating two sample districts of AGP II; these were Ambo and Girar Jarso of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. From each district two PAs were selected randomly applying stratified sampling techniques for AGP II districts. Findings indicate a high disparity in the characterization of wealth and status; that requires intervention to minimize gaps with agricultural technologies; the micro finance institutions have a long way to go to support the input service thought it has increased from 5% in 2012 to 8%in 2017 credit supply. Farmer training centers 65% of them aren’t functional in Ambo district. Average yield per hectare in kg were found 3,700, 3,101, 2,800, 2,100 were for maize, sorghum, wheat and barley respectively; while the average market price per kg was 7 Ethiopian Birr which was 0.31 USD (June/2017 average exchange rate 22.91 Birr/1 USD). While tef, chickpea and lentil was 1,801, 2,300 and 1,800 respectively, with average market price per kg was 20, 24, and 21 Ethiopian Birr which was 0.9, 1.1 and 0.9 USD. So; intervention of technologies has to consider profitability and other necessary parameters. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Farming system, wealth status, Agricultural Growth Program-II (AGP-II), food security, agricultural technologies.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2017.0914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to evaluate rural household’s food and income diversification decisions in face of climate change adaptation strategies using advances in choice-based experiment. Several studies have focused on general and specific food values using the balanced incomplete block design; but fewer studies have been devoted to study rural household food and income diversification decisions via the lens of balanced incomplete Latin square design (BILSD). The BILSD was used to design questionnaire served in data collection. For each question, respondents were asked to choose his best and worst coping strategies. Mixed logit model was used to data. Results reveal that agricultural production, livestock products and remaining stock from previous harvest were the most important sources of food; while the sale of agricultural product followed by the sale of garden product, picking and the sale wild fruits and leafy vegetables, small business, crafting, project transfer, the sale of firewood and straw and the sale of livestock product were the most important sources of income. Results suggest that agricultural production, livestock production and stock from previous harvest and as well as the sale of agricultural product, the sale of garden product, picking and the sale wild fruits and leafy vegetables, small business, crafting, project transfer, the sale of firewood and straw and the sale livestock product are the optimal combination food and income diversification decisions to enhance rural household resilience building capacity. Results finally suggest that collective decision made about food and income diversification decisions is more welfare enhancing that individual decision. Key words: Food and income diversification decisions, rural household, choice experiment, climate change adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Food and income diversification decisions as climate change adaptation strategies: Evidence from Kalfou and Tabalak local governments, Tahoua State, Niger Republic","authors":"Z. Amadou","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.0997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.0997","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate rural household’s food and income diversification decisions in face of climate change adaptation strategies using advances in choice-based experiment. Several studies have focused on general and specific food values using the balanced incomplete block design; but fewer studies have been devoted to study rural household food and income diversification decisions via the lens of balanced incomplete Latin square design (BILSD). The BILSD was used to design questionnaire served in data collection. For each question, respondents were asked to choose his best and worst coping strategies. Mixed logit model was used to data. Results reveal that agricultural production, livestock products and remaining stock from previous harvest were the most important sources of food; while the sale of agricultural product followed by the sale of garden product, picking and the sale wild fruits and leafy vegetables, small business, crafting, project transfer, the sale of firewood and straw and the sale of livestock product were the most important sources of income. Results suggest that agricultural production, livestock production and stock from previous harvest and as well as the sale of agricultural product, the sale of garden product, picking and the sale wild fruits and leafy vegetables, small business, crafting, project transfer, the sale of firewood and straw and the sale livestock product are the optimal combination food and income diversification decisions to enhance rural household resilience building capacity. Results finally suggest that collective decision made about food and income diversification decisions is more welfare enhancing that individual decision. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Food and income diversification decisions, rural household, choice experiment, climate change adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.0997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ogoudele Simon Codjo, Sylvain Kpenavoun, R. Fiamohe, Denis Acclassato, G. Biaou
This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the selection of governance structures by rice producers and processors in Benin. Unlike previous studies, the factors that influence the selection of governance structures are identified simultaneously for both producers and processors of paddy. Data were collected in Benin from about 300 producers and 140 processors of paddy randomly selected. The results indicate that 78% of producers and 92% of the processors use spot market for paddy transaction. Around a quarter of producers use at least two governance structures to sell paddy. Producers and processors belonging to an innovation platform are more likely to use formal contracts in their transactions. Also, producers and processors are more likely to use credit payment mechanism with formal contract. The findings suggest that innovation platforms can be used to facilitate contractual relationships between paddy producers and processors. Key words: Multivariate probit, market dynamics, African rice value chains, governance mechanisms.
{"title":"Determinants of the choice of multi-governance structures by producers and processors of paddy in Benin","authors":"Ogoudele Simon Codjo, Sylvain Kpenavoun, R. Fiamohe, Denis Acclassato, G. Biaou","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1052","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the selection of governance structures by rice producers and processors in Benin. Unlike previous studies, the factors that influence the selection of governance structures are identified simultaneously for both producers and processors of paddy. Data were collected in Benin from about 300 producers and 140 processors of paddy randomly selected. The results indicate that 78% of producers and 92% of the processors use spot market for paddy transaction. Around a quarter of producers use at least two governance structures to sell paddy. Producers and processors belonging to an innovation platform are more likely to use formal contracts in their transactions. Also, producers and processors are more likely to use credit payment mechanism with formal contract. The findings suggest that innovation platforms can be used to facilitate contractual relationships between paddy producers and processors. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Multivariate probit, market dynamics, African rice value chains, governance mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2019.1052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49143601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was to examine factors affecting adoption of improved Jalenea potato variety in the study area in the year 2017. Primary data for the study were collected from respondents using structured interview schedule. Focus group discussions were conducted with farmer and stakeholders. The data were analyzed using mean, percentage, frequency, chi-square test, and T-test. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors affecting adoption of the variety. Age of the household negatively and significantly affected adoption whereas sex of the household head positively and significantly affected the adoption. Non-farm activity and farm income had positive and significant effect on adoption. Advisory service from extension agents, attending training and field day, and membership of seed multiplication cooperative had also positively and significantly affected adoption of improved Jalenea potato variety. The finding highlighted the importance of institutional support in the area of extension; training and farmers’ cooperatives. Therefore, policy and development interventions should give emphasis to improving institutional support system. Key words: potato, binary loggit, determinants, odds ratio, management practices.
{"title":"Determinants of adoption of improved Jalenea potato variety: The case of Chencha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Biniam Teshome, R. Negash, Amanuel Shewa","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1041","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to examine factors affecting adoption of improved Jalenea potato variety in the study area in the year 2017. Primary data for the study were collected from respondents using structured interview schedule. Focus group discussions were conducted with farmer and stakeholders. The data were analyzed using mean, percentage, frequency, chi-square test, and T-test. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors affecting adoption of the variety. Age of the household negatively and significantly affected adoption whereas sex of the household head positively and significantly affected the adoption. Non-farm activity and farm income had positive and significant effect on adoption. Advisory service from extension agents, attending training and field day, and membership of seed multiplication cooperative had also positively and significantly affected adoption of improved Jalenea potato variety. The finding highlighted the importance of institutional support in the area of extension; training and farmers’ cooperatives. Therefore, policy and development interventions should give emphasis to improving institutional support system. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: potato, binary loggit, determinants, odds ratio, management practices.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71145543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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