Haseeb Ahmed, J. Yoder, W. D. Glanville, A. Davis, T. Kibona, B. Mmbaga, F. Lankester, E. Swai, S. Cleaveland
Livestock-dependent communities face considerable livestock disease and drought risk, which can impact herd value, income and consumption. This paper summarizes economic data collected from 404 households in Arusha and Manyara regions of Northern Tanzania in 2016. They provide estimates for (i) herd loss due to disease and drought as a fraction of herd value and income, (ii) the relative risk of disease and drought in small versus large ruminants and (iii) the relationship between livestock disease outcomes and household expenditures. We find that disease and drought losses comprise 10 to 4% of sheep, cattle and goat herd value, and amount to an estimated 62.1% of household income. The drought and disease risk ratios for small versus large ruminants indicate that small stock face higher disease risk, while large ruminants are affected more by drought. Furthermore, cattle abortions are negatively related to schooling expenditure and positively associated with increases in off-farm food expenditure related to livestock management, presumably through increased investments in prevention and therapy. These results suggest that climatic variability and livestock diseases are an important source of economic vulnerability and reducing this burden may help alleviate poverty in livestock-dependent communities. Key words: Household production, livestock disease, drought, herd management, Tanzania.
{"title":"Economic burden of livestock disease and drought in Northern Tanzania","authors":"Haseeb Ahmed, J. Yoder, W. D. Glanville, A. Davis, T. Kibona, B. Mmbaga, F. Lankester, E. Swai, S. Cleaveland","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock-dependent communities face considerable livestock disease and drought risk, which can impact herd value, income and consumption. This paper summarizes economic data collected from 404 households in Arusha and Manyara regions of Northern Tanzania in 2016. They provide estimates for (i) herd loss due to disease and drought as a fraction of herd value and income, (ii) the relative risk of disease and drought in small versus large ruminants and (iii) the relationship between livestock disease outcomes and household expenditures. We find that disease and drought losses comprise 10 to 4% of sheep, cattle and goat herd value, and amount to an estimated 62.1% of household income. The drought and disease risk ratios for small versus large ruminants indicate that small stock face higher disease risk, while large ruminants are affected more by drought. Furthermore, cattle abortions are negatively related to schooling expenditure and positively associated with increases in off-farm food expenditure related to livestock management, presumably through increased investments in prevention and therapy. These results suggest that climatic variability and livestock diseases are an important source of economic vulnerability and reducing this burden may help alleviate poverty in livestock-dependent communities. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Household production, livestock disease, drought, herd management, Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inappropriate use of chemical pesticide in horticultural production is an emerging problem causing undesirable human health and environmental effects in developing countries including Kenya. Thus, objective of this study is to evaluate the determinants of the intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods among small-scale tomato farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 384 tomato farmers. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained enumerators. Alternative pest control methods which were identified during the survey were categorized into four groups using principal component analysis. Determinants of the intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods were estimated using multivariate tobit model. Group membership, age, education and number of training increased the intensity of uptake of alternative methods. Participation in off-farm activities and farm size decreased the intensity of uptake of alternative methods. These results indicate that farmers’ awareness that involves comprehensive training programs and enhancing the capacity of farmer groups as change agents is warranted. Moreover, these research findings could also inform policymakers while formulating and implementing targeted interventions aimed at promoting the use of alternative pest control methods that minimize negative health and environmental effects from overuse of pesticides. Key words: Alternative pest control, pesticides, intensity, food safety, multivariate tobit model.
{"title":"Determinants of intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods: A case of small- scale tomato farmers in Kenya","authors":"C. W. Kinuthia, O. Ayuya, J. G. Nyaanga","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Inappropriate use of chemical pesticide in horticultural production is an emerging problem causing undesirable human health and environmental effects in developing countries including Kenya. Thus, objective of this study is to evaluate the determinants of the intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods among small-scale tomato farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 384 tomato farmers. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained enumerators. Alternative pest control methods which were identified during the survey were categorized into four groups using principal component analysis. Determinants of the intensity of uptake of alternative pest control methods were estimated using multivariate tobit model. Group membership, age, education and number of training increased the intensity of uptake of alternative methods. Participation in off-farm activities and farm size decreased the intensity of uptake of alternative methods. These results indicate that farmers’ awareness that involves comprehensive training programs and enhancing the capacity of farmer groups as change agents is warranted. Moreover, these research findings could also inform policymakers while formulating and implementing targeted interventions aimed at promoting the use of alternative pest control methods that minimize negative health and environmental effects from overuse of pesticides. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Alternative pest control, pesticides, intensity, food safety, multivariate tobit model.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48847847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selamawit Mengesha, Dubale Abate, C. Adamu, Aklok Zewde, Yonnas Addis
The study was aimed to analyze avocado and mango value chains actors and identify factors that determine avocado and mango market supply in the selected area of Gurage zone. A total of 259 avocado and mango producers were selected through three-stage sampling technique and 151 traders from different level were used to collect primary data using questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Descriptive and econometrics method of analysis were applied for analysis. Value chain approach analysis result revealed that input suppliers, avocado and mango producer, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers were the main actors in avocado and mango value chain. The profitability and gross marketing margin approach of market analysis showed that wholesalers received the highest marketing margin (34.62%) and highest profit share (36.75%), while producers received the least marketing margins (15.17%) from avocado and mango trade. Generally, all market participants were operating at profitable level, but producers were relatively disadvantaged from the market as they received lowest share from consumers’ price. Moreover, sex of household, land allocated to mango, market distance, farming experience, extension service, market price, and family labor determined mango market supply. Likewise, education level of household, market distance, farm experience, extension service, and family labor affected market supply of avocado. Accordingly, market performance of avocado and mango has shown that producers were relatively disadvantaged and various determinants contributed to reduced market supply of mango and avocado. Therefore, strengthening of extension service and education of farmers, efficient use of family labor, and improvement of farmers’ experience and infrastructure is recommended. Key words: Avocado, mango, value chain.
{"title":"Value chain analysis of fruits: The case of mango and avocado producing smallholder farmers in \u0000Gurage Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Selamawit Mengesha, Dubale Abate, C. Adamu, Aklok Zewde, Yonnas Addis","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1038","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to analyze avocado and mango value chains actors and identify factors that determine avocado and mango market supply in the selected area of Gurage zone. A total of 259 avocado and mango producers were selected through three-stage sampling technique and 151 traders from different level were used to collect primary data using questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Descriptive and econometrics method of analysis were applied for analysis. Value chain approach analysis result revealed that input suppliers, avocado and mango producer, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers were the main actors in avocado and mango value chain. The profitability and gross marketing margin approach of market analysis showed that wholesalers received the highest marketing margin (34.62%) and highest profit share (36.75%), while producers received the least marketing margins (15.17%) from avocado and mango trade. Generally, all market participants were operating at profitable level, but producers were relatively disadvantaged from the market as they received lowest share from consumers’ price. Moreover, sex of household, land allocated to mango, market distance, farming experience, extension service, market price, and family labor determined mango market supply. Likewise, education level of household, market distance, farm experience, extension service, and family labor affected market supply of avocado. Accordingly, market performance of avocado and mango has shown that producers were relatively disadvantaged and various determinants contributed to reduced market supply of mango and avocado. Therefore, strengthening of extension service and education of farmers, efficient use of family labor, and improvement of farmers’ experience and infrastructure is recommended. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Avocado, mango, value chain.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43100144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study tries to determine the differentiated factors of households’ transition to poverty in Benin. It was carried out on a sample of 6424 households making up data from the integrated modular survey on household living conditions. Descriptive analysis and econometric modeling as Stata 12 was used. From the results of this study, it appears that the geographical location of households in cotton and rice fields increases their chances to emerge from poverty. That reflects the positive effect of a good agricultural season on household living standard. Increasing the household size increases the household's risk of entering or remaining poor. Key words: Poverty, differentiated factors, transition, Benin.
{"title":"Determinants of household transition into and out of poverty in Benin","authors":"Hortensia Acaha-Acakpo, Jules Yehouenou","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2017.0913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2017.0913","url":null,"abstract":"This study tries to determine the differentiated factors of households’ transition to poverty in Benin. It was carried out on a sample of 6424 households making up data from the integrated modular survey on household living conditions. Descriptive analysis and econometric modeling as Stata 12 was used. From the results of this study, it appears that the geographical location of households in cotton and rice fields increases their chances to emerge from poverty. That reflects the positive effect of a good agricultural season on household living standard. Increasing the household size increases the household's risk of entering or remaining poor. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Poverty, differentiated factors, transition, Benin.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"122-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Awad, Hasan Abu Lateefeh, A. Hallam, Mahmoud El-Jafari
This study aimed to examine consumers’ willingness to pay a premium price for several environmental attributes of organic tomato to increase both producer production and consumer health in Palestine. The paper adopts the choice experiment method using the econometric analysis of the random utility model. The research questions of this study focus on awareness of the importance of ensuring / securing the environment, how many households in the West Bank purchase organic tomatoes, reasons for which households may be willing or not willing to pay more for organic tomatoes, and the main socio-economic variables that affect the households willingness to pay for organic tomatoes when making organic tomatoes choices. The empirical results show that organic tomatoes are preferred to conventional ones because of health claims by respondents so that we conclude that respondents are willing to pay more for organic tomatoes compared to conventional ones. Additionally, consumers prefer organic products because of health and environmental benefits. Some policy measures might further promote the consumption of organic products. These include creating awareness of the relevance of consuming organic products through effective marketing and educational campaigns. However, there are about 500 organic farms in Palestine with a total area of 1’0000 square meters mainly under fruit, almond, olives and dates. According to the Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committee, organic pasturelands are not found because of the Israeli control (German Development Agency GTZ) and according to the ministry of agriculture in Palestine, there are 24 organic olive farms with a total area of 18885 square meters. Key words: Econometric Models, Choice Experiment Method, Mixed Logit Model, Palestine, Willingness to Pay.
{"title":"Econometric analysis of consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay for organic tomatoes in Palestine: Choice experiment method","authors":"I. Awad, Hasan Abu Lateefeh, A. Hallam, Mahmoud El-Jafari","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1024","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine consumers’ willingness to pay a premium price for several environmental attributes of organic tomato to increase both producer production and consumer health in Palestine. The paper adopts the choice experiment method using the econometric analysis of the random utility model. The research questions of this study focus on awareness of the importance of ensuring / securing the environment, how many households in the West Bank purchase organic tomatoes, reasons for which households may be willing or not willing to pay more for organic tomatoes, and the main socio-economic variables that affect the households willingness to pay for organic tomatoes when making organic tomatoes choices. The empirical results show that organic tomatoes are preferred to conventional ones because of health claims by respondents so that we conclude that respondents are willing to pay more for organic tomatoes compared to conventional ones. Additionally, consumers prefer organic products because of health and environmental benefits. Some policy measures might further promote the consumption of organic products. These include creating awareness of the relevance of consuming organic products through effective marketing and educational campaigns. However, there are about 500 organic farms in Palestine with a total area of 1’0000 square meters mainly under fruit, almond, olives and dates. According to the Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committee, organic pasturelands are not found because of the Israeli control (German Development Agency GTZ) and according to the ministry of agriculture in Palestine, there are 24 organic olive farms with a total area of 18885 square meters. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Econometric Models, Choice Experiment Method, Mixed Logit Model, Palestine, Willingness to Pay.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1989 to 2015, this paper analyzes the mobility and transmission mechanism of rural residents' intergenerational income. The OLS estimation of father and son yields a value of 0.549. The results of quantile regressions show that in rural China, the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) is higher at the high end but lower at the low end. The human capital investment represented by the schooling years of the children is indeed an important factor explaining the intergenerational income mobility in the rural, and its contribution rate is 26.6%, much higher than the contribution of occupation. Further, the decomposition results indicate that education plays a more important role both at the low end and the high end, while occupation plays a more important role at the media quantile. Key words: Rural resident, intergenerational income mobility, transmission mechanism.
{"title":"The mobility of intergenerational income for rural residents: The case of China","authors":"Jie Chen, Ting Li","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1011","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1989 to 2015, this paper analyzes the mobility and transmission mechanism of rural residents' intergenerational income. The OLS estimation of father and son yields a value of 0.549. The results of quantile regressions show that in rural China, the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) is higher at the high end but lower at the low end. The human capital investment represented by the schooling years of the children is indeed an important factor explaining the intergenerational income mobility in the rural, and its contribution rate is 26.6%, much higher than the contribution of occupation. Further, the decomposition results indicate that education plays a more important role both at the low end and the high end, while occupation plays a more important role at the media quantile. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rural resident, intergenerational income mobility, transmission mechanism.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44952765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan has the highest potential for agri-business development and global marketing. This study responded to standing views about the importance of infrastructure for agricultural trade in Pakistan. It raises the concern to investigate the basic trade facilitation for the transportation of agricultural commodities. This research focuses on transport infrastructure being basic distribution drives. A gravity model is used for panel analysis of twenty countries for the period 2005 to 2015, to find the push and pull factors that contribute to agriculture exports of Pakistan. Fixed effects or random effects technique is employed based on the Hausman’s test to investigate the effect of transport infrastructure (ports, air and road) on agricultural exports of Pakistan. Guided by results, it infers that improved ports facilitation can promote the agriculture sector of Pakistan as majority of trade activities are performed through ports because of their cost-effectiveness. Likewise, air network affects agricultural exports positively owing to the reduced time it takes for the air cargo to reach the destination country. Improved connectivity through roads is required to speed up the process across the regions effectively. Key words: Infrastructure, Pakistan, agriculture exports, gravity model, panel analysis.
{"title":"Transportation infrastructure of Pakistans agricultural export","authors":"Nazia Tabasam, N. Ismail","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1053","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan has the highest potential for agri-business development and global marketing. This study responded to standing views about the importance of infrastructure for agricultural trade in Pakistan. It raises the concern to investigate the basic trade facilitation for the transportation of agricultural commodities. This research focuses on transport infrastructure being basic distribution drives. A gravity model is used for panel analysis of twenty countries for the period 2005 to 2015, to find the push and pull factors that contribute to agriculture exports of Pakistan. Fixed effects or random effects technique is employed based on the Hausman’s test to investigate the effect of transport infrastructure (ports, air and road) on agricultural exports of Pakistan. Guided by results, it infers that improved ports facilitation can promote the agriculture sector of Pakistan as majority of trade activities are performed through ports because of their cost-effectiveness. Likewise, air network affects agricultural exports positively owing to the reduced time it takes for the air cargo to reach the destination country. Improved connectivity through roads is required to speed up the process across the regions effectively. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Infrastructure, Pakistan, agriculture exports, gravity model, panel analysis.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2019.1053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiz Qamar Zia Ali, F. A. Choudhary, S. Hayat, Rashid Iqbal, T. Khaliq, Ashfaq Ahmad
A study was conducted in the research area of Agronomy Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2014-2015 to evaluate a sustainable and economical wheat-based rotation system under agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Guar, maize, mash bean, mung bean, soybean, millet and some fodders (maize, millet and sorghum) were grown in Kharif season while wheat was the main crop in Rabi season. Wheat-fodder millet-grain maize gave the highest net benefits of Rs. 272062 ha-1 but exhausted the soil¬. The maximum value of BCR (2.25:1) was achieved in the same rotation that is, wheat-fodder millet-grain maize followed by wheat-fodder maize-mash bean with BCR of 1.86:1. Keeping in view the soil fertility plus economy, the wheat-fodder maize-mash bean cropping system is not only economical for small landholders but also improve soil fertility status as compare to others. Key words: Crop rotations, cropping patterns, economics, semi-arid and subtropical climate.
{"title":"Viable alternatives to cotton-wheat crop rotation for semi-arid climatic conditions","authors":"Hafiz Qamar Zia Ali, F. A. Choudhary, S. Hayat, Rashid Iqbal, T. Khaliq, Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1023","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in the research area of Agronomy Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2014-2015 to evaluate a sustainable and economical wheat-based rotation system under agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Guar, maize, mash bean, mung bean, soybean, millet and some fodders (maize, millet and sorghum) were grown in Kharif season while wheat was the main crop in Rabi season. Wheat-fodder millet-grain maize gave the highest net benefits of Rs. 272062 ha-1 but exhausted the soil¬. The maximum value of BCR (2.25:1) was achieved in the same rotation that is, wheat-fodder millet-grain maize followed by wheat-fodder maize-mash bean with BCR of 1.86:1. Keeping in view the soil fertility plus economy, the wheat-fodder maize-mash bean cropping system is not only economical for small landholders but also improve soil fertility status as compare to others. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Crop rotations, cropping patterns, economics, semi-arid and subtropical climate.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43656736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yonnas Addis, C. Adamu, Dubale Abate, Habtamu Mossie
Khat is the second largest export item with great economic value in Ethiopia, but the ongoing increased number of chewers in the country indirectly affects economic productivity by decreasing work-hours, household’s economic production, diversion of money to buy khat, absenteeism from work and unemployment. The study aimed at analyzing the status of khat consumption and identifying the determinants of consumption level of khat in Wolkite town of Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data sources were used to obtain relevant data required for this study. A total of 110 sample respondents were used to collect primary data. Double hurdle model was employed to identify the determinants of khat consumption. The Probit part of the model result revealed that age of respondents, religion, educational level, peer- influence and perceived benefit of khat determine consumption decision as expected. Results from truncated part of Double hurdle showed employment status, perceived benefit, education level, khat price and work environment susceptibility determine the level of khat consumption in the study area. It is to recommended to strengthen the provision of formal education, encourage youths’ knowledge through different training and experience sharing, facilitate a program to provide especial education on socio- economic and health consequences of khat chewing to primary, secondary, preparatory and university students, reduce unemployment through providing option job opportunities, strengthen the provision of a choice of sport station and facilities to the society, and enhance safe working environment for khat chewing to be done by required stakeholders. Key words: Consumption, double hurdle model, Khat, Wolkite.
{"title":"Determinants of khat chewing among urban households of Wolkite Town, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Yonnas Addis, C. Adamu, Dubale Abate, Habtamu Mossie","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.1032","url":null,"abstract":"Khat is the second largest export item with great economic value in Ethiopia, but the ongoing increased number of chewers in the country indirectly affects economic productivity by decreasing work-hours, household’s economic production, diversion of money to buy khat, absenteeism from work and unemployment. The study aimed at analyzing the status of khat consumption and identifying the determinants of consumption level of khat in Wolkite town of Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data sources were used to obtain relevant data required for this study. A total of 110 sample respondents were used to collect primary data. Double hurdle model was employed to identify the determinants of khat consumption. The Probit part of the model result revealed that age of respondents, religion, educational level, peer- influence and perceived benefit of khat determine consumption decision as expected. Results from truncated part of Double hurdle showed employment status, perceived benefit, education level, khat price and work environment susceptibility determine the level of khat consumption in the study area. It is to recommended to strengthen the provision of formal education, encourage youths’ knowledge through different training and experience sharing, facilitate a program to provide especial education on socio- economic and health consequences of khat chewing to primary, secondary, preparatory and university students, reduce unemployment through providing option job opportunities, strengthen the provision of a choice of sport station and facilities to the society, and enhance safe working environment for khat chewing to be done by required stakeholders. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Consumption, double hurdle model, Khat, Wolkite.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.1032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majority of women cocoa farmers in Ile-Ife are poor and are often excluded from beneficial programs and trainings that can improve their welfare. The study analyzed the effect of public agricultural transformation programme on women farmers. Specifically, the critical issue of access to, and adoption of productivity enhancing input are analyzed. Data for the analyses were drawn from women farmers in cocoa (cash crop) production in rural Nigeria. A Multistage sampling technique was used to select 70% of the women cocoa farmers (80) who were farm owners and solely responsible for farm production decision. The data were analyzed using Tobit regression technique. The results showed that marital status of respondents and perception of increased income were significant and positive at 5% while number of visits by extension workers was also positively significant at 10%. The level of education, number of children and farming experience had negative and significant impacts on adoption of ATA policy. As farming experience and the number of children of each woman increase, the level of adoption of ATA program would decrease. The study concludes that most women farmers lack relevant information on the benefits and targets of public agricultural development programme. This greatly limits their ability to participate and benefit from such. There is a need to review the public agricultural information transmission channel. Key words: Women, cocoa, adoption, agricultural transformation agenda.
Ile Ife的大多数女可可农都很贫穷，经常被排除在可以改善她们福利的有益项目和培训之外。该研究分析了公共农业转型计划对女农民的影响。具体而言，分析了获得和采用提高生产力投入的关键问题。分析数据来自尼日利亚农村从事可可（经济作物）生产的女农民。采用多阶段抽样技术选择了70%的女性可可种植者（80人），她们是农场所有者，全权负责农场生产决策。使用Tobit回归技术对数据进行分析。结果显示，受访者的婚姻状况和对收入增加的感知显著且积极，为5%，而推广工作者的访问次数也显著，为10%。教育水平、儿童数量和农业经验对ATA政策的采用产生了负面和重大影响。随着农业经验的增加和每个妇女的子女数量的增加，ATA计划的采用率将下降。研究得出的结论是，大多数女农民缺乏关于公共农业发展方案的好处和目标的相关信息。这大大限制了他们参与并从中受益的能力。有必要对公共农业信息传输渠道进行审查。关键词：妇女、可可、收养、农业转型议程。
{"title":"Adoption of cocoa input technologies under agricultural transformation agenda among women cocoa farmers in Ile-Ife, Osun State","authors":"O. F. Adesiyan, A. Adesiyan, M. Agbonlahor","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2018.0972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2018.0972","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of women cocoa farmers in Ile-Ife are poor and are often excluded from beneficial programs and trainings that can improve their welfare. The study analyzed the effect of public agricultural transformation programme on women farmers. Specifically, the critical issue of access to, and adoption of productivity enhancing input are analyzed. Data for the analyses were drawn from women farmers in cocoa (cash crop) production in rural Nigeria. A Multistage sampling technique was used to select 70% of the women cocoa farmers (80) who were farm owners and solely responsible for farm production decision. The data were analyzed using Tobit regression technique. The results showed that marital status of respondents and perception of increased income were significant and positive at 5% while number of visits by extension workers was also positively significant at 10%. The level of education, number of children and farming experience had negative and significant impacts on adoption of ATA policy. As farming experience and the number of children of each woman increase, the level of adoption of ATA program would decrease. The study concludes that most women farmers lack relevant information on the benefits and targets of public agricultural development programme. This greatly limits their ability to participate and benefit from such. There is a need to review the public agricultural information transmission channel. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Women, cocoa, adoption, agricultural transformation agenda.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JDAE2018.0972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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