{"title":"COVID-19-A theory of autoimmunity to ACE-2.","authors":"Philip McMillan, Bruce D Uhal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":"17-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7351250/pdf/nihms-1601975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38152146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00251
S. Bonab
At present, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018.1 This type of diseases elicits from uncontrolled growth and proliferation of malignant cells harboring genetic alterations. These abnormally growing and proliferating cells can have a life-threatening effect when they physically or pathologically affect adjacent healthy cells in a vital organ. Distinct genetic alterations within a cell that result in out of control cell proliferation are responsible for the initiation of cancer formation. In this regard, genetic alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are frequently reported in several cancer cell types. Prolonged exposure to various mutagens can be involved in the induction of these genetic alterations in cancerous cells.2 Chronic infection represents a risk factor for cancer development. It has been estimated that up to 20% of the global cancer burden is attributed to infectious agents, especially viruses and bacteria.3,4 The bacterium Helicobacter pylori and viruses Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, certain strains of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus type-1, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 have been identified as major carcinogenic infectious agents by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).3 These infectious agents are highly prevalent in the world. Nevertheless, most infected individuals do not develop cancer, indicating that genetic susceptibility of host and environmental factors may be associated with cancer caused by these infectious agents. Gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to many bacterial agents and some of these agents induce chronic inflammation in this organ. On the other hand, chronic inflammation may increase the rate of mutation in epithelial cells leading to cancerous cell formation. As discussed below for gastric cancer, some evidences suggest that specific bacteria can be involved in cancer development or progression. These bacteria can trigger oxidative stress in host cells, activate some intracellular pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and promote production of various components involved in carcinogenesis. Role of inflammation in induction of oxidative stress and NF-κB pathway activation and cancer development, Phagocytosis of bacteria initiates oxidative stress in the phagocytic cells leading to release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite, reactive hydroxyl group, and other free radicals. These reactive components produced by inflammatory cells at site of infection affect enzymatic activities and expression of several genes. They can also induce DNA damage and genomic instability. Indeed, nucleotide modifications induced during oxidative stress can lead to mutagenesis. Some critical mutations and genomic instability, if not properly repaired, have the potential to orchestrate events in precancerous cells result
{"title":"Role of bacterial infection in the development and progression of gastric cancers","authors":"S. Bonab","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00251","url":null,"abstract":"At present, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018.1 This type of diseases elicits from uncontrolled growth and proliferation of malignant cells harboring genetic alterations. These abnormally growing and proliferating cells can have a life-threatening effect when they physically or pathologically affect adjacent healthy cells in a vital organ. Distinct genetic alterations within a cell that result in out of control cell proliferation are responsible for the initiation of cancer formation. In this regard, genetic alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are frequently reported in several cancer cell types. Prolonged exposure to various mutagens can be involved in the induction of these genetic alterations in cancerous cells.2 Chronic infection represents a risk factor for cancer development. It has been estimated that up to 20% of the global cancer burden is attributed to infectious agents, especially viruses and bacteria.3,4 The bacterium Helicobacter pylori and viruses Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, certain strains of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus type-1, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 have been identified as major carcinogenic infectious agents by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).3 These infectious agents are highly prevalent in the world. Nevertheless, most infected individuals do not develop cancer, indicating that genetic susceptibility of host and environmental factors may be associated with cancer caused by these infectious agents. Gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to many bacterial agents and some of these agents induce chronic inflammation in this organ. On the other hand, chronic inflammation may increase the rate of mutation in epithelial cells leading to cancerous cell formation. As discussed below for gastric cancer, some evidences suggest that specific bacteria can be involved in cancer development or progression. These bacteria can trigger oxidative stress in host cells, activate some intracellular pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and promote production of various components involved in carcinogenesis. Role of inflammation in induction of oxidative stress and NF-κB pathway activation and cancer development, Phagocytosis of bacteria initiates oxidative stress in the phagocytic cells leading to release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite, reactive hydroxyl group, and other free radicals. These reactive components produced by inflammatory cells at site of infection affect enzymatic activities and expression of several genes. They can also induce DNA damage and genomic instability. Indeed, nucleotide modifications induced during oxidative stress can lead to mutagenesis. Some critical mutations and genomic instability, if not properly repaired, have the potential to orchestrate events in precancerous cells result","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48994348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00250
R. Ghaderi
Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disease. The main manifestation of the disease is usually a rapid onset of hair loss in a specific area and usually round.1 The prevalence of Alopecia areata is 1.7%.2,3 The skin of the affected area is flat or slightly red and may have short hair pieces. Hair shaft in alopecia areata not well shaped and fragile when it reaches the surface.4 The presence of hair in the form of an exclamation mark in the lesion near the proximal end of the hair that is thinner can be helpful in diagnosis. Hair loss may be completely reversible, become chronic or cause loss of whole head hair or whole body hair.3‒5 Alopecia areata, depending on the extent and area of involvement, includes various types: PATCHY (most commonly, Ophiasis (at the scalp), Totalis (whole head hair) and Universalis (total head and body hair) .6,7 The presence of eosinophils in biopsy is a useful diagnostic symptom in cases with difficult to diagnose. Measurements of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies, especially for children, should be performed.8 Alopecia areata may be associated with these diseases: thyroid disease, severe anemia, Addison disease, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, diabetes mellitus and Down syndrome.8,9 (HSP) Heat shock protein was first introduced in 1964 by Ritossa showed that due to heat, a rearrangement of the fruit insect’s chromatin called Drosophila busckii is created and concluded that its synthesizing genes are activated by heat, so it is called heat shock protein.10 These proteins include about 1-2% of total protein in normal conditions and 4 to 6% in stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells.11 Based on the molecular weight, they are divided into five families: the heat shock protein family 104, the heat shock protein 90, the heat shock protein 70, the heat shock protein 60, and the small heat shock proteins such as the heat shock protein 27.12 Heat shock proteins exist in normal cells and prevent the creation of inappropriate spatial structures caused by inappropriate protein gathering but, due to biological stress and increased toxic and inflammatory chemicals, it is useful in protecting cells from stress.13,14 Oxidative stress indicates an imbalance between the appearance of free radicals of oxygen and the ability of the biological system to detoxify or repair their destructive effects.15 The HSP70 family is the most sensitive group of these proteins and has the most protected structure. HSP70 is a protein that binds to ATP and is found in 60-80% of the eukaryotic cells.16 The HSP70 is vital to both cell function and survival after stress. In addition to the thermal shock, several stimuli, including hypoxia, acidosis, active oxygen lines, active nitrogen classes, viral infections, malignancies, autoimmune disease, and induced transcription.17 Since inflammatory and immune factors play a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia area
{"title":"A novel marker in patients with alopecia areata","authors":"R. Ghaderi","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00250","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disease. The main manifestation of the disease is usually a rapid onset of hair loss in a specific area and usually round.1 The prevalence of Alopecia areata is 1.7%.2,3 The skin of the affected area is flat or slightly red and may have short hair pieces. Hair shaft in alopecia areata not well shaped and fragile when it reaches the surface.4 The presence of hair in the form of an exclamation mark in the lesion near the proximal end of the hair that is thinner can be helpful in diagnosis. Hair loss may be completely reversible, become chronic or cause loss of whole head hair or whole body hair.3‒5 Alopecia areata, depending on the extent and area of involvement, includes various types: PATCHY (most commonly, Ophiasis (at the scalp), Totalis (whole head hair) and Universalis (total head and body hair) .6,7 The presence of eosinophils in biopsy is a useful diagnostic symptom in cases with difficult to diagnose. Measurements of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies, especially for children, should be performed.8 Alopecia areata may be associated with these diseases: thyroid disease, severe anemia, Addison disease, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, diabetes mellitus and Down syndrome.8,9 (HSP) Heat shock protein was first introduced in 1964 by Ritossa showed that due to heat, a rearrangement of the fruit insect’s chromatin called Drosophila busckii is created and concluded that its synthesizing genes are activated by heat, so it is called heat shock protein.10 These proteins include about 1-2% of total protein in normal conditions and 4 to 6% in stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells.11 Based on the molecular weight, they are divided into five families: the heat shock protein family 104, the heat shock protein 90, the heat shock protein 70, the heat shock protein 60, and the small heat shock proteins such as the heat shock protein 27.12 Heat shock proteins exist in normal cells and prevent the creation of inappropriate spatial structures caused by inappropriate protein gathering but, due to biological stress and increased toxic and inflammatory chemicals, it is useful in protecting cells from stress.13,14 Oxidative stress indicates an imbalance between the appearance of free radicals of oxygen and the ability of the biological system to detoxify or repair their destructive effects.15 The HSP70 family is the most sensitive group of these proteins and has the most protected structure. HSP70 is a protein that binds to ATP and is found in 60-80% of the eukaryotic cells.16 The HSP70 is vital to both cell function and survival after stress. In addition to the thermal shock, several stimuli, including hypoxia, acidosis, active oxygen lines, active nitrogen classes, viral infections, malignancies, autoimmune disease, and induced transcription.17 Since inflammatory and immune factors play a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia area","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00252
R. Elfeky
{"title":"STK4 (MST1) loss of function mutation: a cocktail of combined immune deficiency diseases","authors":"R. Elfeky","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48570360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00249
Belosokhov Mv, Kazachkov El
The problem of tuberculosis is still relevant, despite the trend towards a reduction of morbidity.1 Labor migration entails the delivery of new TB cases and TB epidemic burdening situation. In studies that examine the various features of TB, the analysis is performed in patients that have burdened comorbidity status, and often social problems the lack of a permanent place of residence, are or were present earlier in the prison system. In the available literature we have not TB research has been reported in patients socialized with no significant (comorbid) conditions. In our opinion, it is in these “ideal” patients, epidemiological and clinical presentation of TB is devoid of confounding factors that can make a fairly dramatic change in the picture of TB.
{"title":"Tuberculosis at the socialized patients without comorbidity in different age groups","authors":"Belosokhov Mv, Kazachkov El","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00249","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of tuberculosis is still relevant, despite the trend towards a reduction of morbidity.1 Labor migration entails the delivery of new TB cases and TB epidemic burdening situation. In studies that examine the various features of TB, the analysis is performed in patients that have burdened comorbidity status, and often social problems the lack of a permanent place of residence, are or were present earlier in the prison system. In the available literature we have not TB research has been reported in patients socialized with no significant (comorbid) conditions. In our opinion, it is in these “ideal” patients, epidemiological and clinical presentation of TB is devoid of confounding factors that can make a fairly dramatic change in the picture of TB.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49129542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00248
R. Chauhan
Outside the India, there is no research work reported in literature as far as the cow pathy or medicinal properties of cow urine are concerned. However, there is a US patent issued to inventors Khanuja and his associates vide no. 6410059 dated 25.6.2002 on a pharmaceutical composition comprising of an antibiotic and cow urine distillate in an amount effective to enhance antimicrobial effect of antibiotics. In India, the ancient literature including Ayurveda has description on Panchgavya therapy that includes cow urine, milk, curd, ghee and dung. The Panchgavya therapy though an age old system of medicine is not given due importance in modern science. However, there are scanty reports of therapeutic use of cow urine or other Panchgavya materials to cure human and animal ailments. Immunomodulatory properties of cow urine distillate in mice recorded an increase in humoral and cellular immunity of 45% and 59%, respectively.1‒4 The parameters used to assess immunity were B-lymphocyte blastogenesis, T-lymphocyte blastogenesis, serum IgG and IgM levels. The cow urine also stimulated the production of interleukin 1 and 2 by 16% and 21%, respectively, from peripheral blood leucocytes of mice. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was enhanced by 104% in mice treated with cow urine in comparison to controls. Lymphocytes proliferation in response to mitogen in the developing chick embryo increased with the use of cow urine. This means that immune system developed at an early stage and embryonic mortality can be decreased with the use of cow urine. Urine of red hill cow, found in Uttarakhand state and characterized as Badri cow has been found to be most potent immunostimulator. It was observed that urine of cross bred, exotic cow and a buffalo has no immunomodulatory effect. Cow urine given to the poultry birds in water as an alternative to antibiotics demonstrated excellent immunomodulatory properties in addition to the increase in the egg production and egg quality of the layer birds. In another important study effect of cow urine on the lymphocytes damaged by pesticides was observed. It was found that cow urine decreases the apoptosis caused by the heavy metals in avian lymphocytes. Thus, corroborating to some extent with the findings that cow urine help in repair of broken DNA. The antioxidant properties of cow urine distillate include protection or DNA and its repairs. The cow urine distillate protected the chromosomal aberrations caused by mitomycin-C in human leukocyte culture. Similarly, cow urine was found to be a very good antioxidant. Cow urine has a high antioxidant status as indicated by its ability to destroy the free radicals.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory properties of indigenous cow urine","authors":"R. Chauhan","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00248","url":null,"abstract":"Outside the India, there is no research work reported in literature as far as the cow pathy or medicinal properties of cow urine are concerned. However, there is a US patent issued to inventors Khanuja and his associates vide no. 6410059 dated 25.6.2002 on a pharmaceutical composition comprising of an antibiotic and cow urine distillate in an amount effective to enhance antimicrobial effect of antibiotics. In India, the ancient literature including Ayurveda has description on Panchgavya therapy that includes cow urine, milk, curd, ghee and dung. The Panchgavya therapy though an age old system of medicine is not given due importance in modern science. However, there are scanty reports of therapeutic use of cow urine or other Panchgavya materials to cure human and animal ailments. Immunomodulatory properties of cow urine distillate in mice recorded an increase in humoral and cellular immunity of 45% and 59%, respectively.1‒4 The parameters used to assess immunity were B-lymphocyte blastogenesis, T-lymphocyte blastogenesis, serum IgG and IgM levels. The cow urine also stimulated the production of interleukin 1 and 2 by 16% and 21%, respectively, from peripheral blood leucocytes of mice. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was enhanced by 104% in mice treated with cow urine in comparison to controls. Lymphocytes proliferation in response to mitogen in the developing chick embryo increased with the use of cow urine. This means that immune system developed at an early stage and embryonic mortality can be decreased with the use of cow urine. Urine of red hill cow, found in Uttarakhand state and characterized as Badri cow has been found to be most potent immunostimulator. It was observed that urine of cross bred, exotic cow and a buffalo has no immunomodulatory effect. Cow urine given to the poultry birds in water as an alternative to antibiotics demonstrated excellent immunomodulatory properties in addition to the increase in the egg production and egg quality of the layer birds. In another important study effect of cow urine on the lymphocytes damaged by pesticides was observed. It was found that cow urine decreases the apoptosis caused by the heavy metals in avian lymphocytes. Thus, corroborating to some extent with the findings that cow urine help in repair of broken DNA. The antioxidant properties of cow urine distillate include protection or DNA and its repairs. The cow urine distillate protected the chromosomal aberrations caused by mitomycin-C in human leukocyte culture. Similarly, cow urine was found to be a very good antioxidant. Cow urine has a high antioxidant status as indicated by its ability to destroy the free radicals.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43825299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00225
W. Onuigbo, Simeon Okeke
{"title":"Miliary tuberculosis of the lymph nodes in a developing community","authors":"W. Onuigbo, Simeon Okeke","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00217
Akinrotimi Oa, Wilfred Ekpripo Pc, Ukwe Oik
Most of the vertebrates including fish have five types of white blood cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes. The shape of each cell type appears to be conserved in living organism, with the exception of the neutrophils.1,2 In aves and reptilia, the neutrophils take the place of heterophils, and carry out the same immunological functions in the cell of these organisms.3 While in amphibians, this category of cell is sometimes called heterophils, however it is comparable to a neutrophil. And reptilian families have a sixth type of cell, called an azurophil, which majority of scientists classify with monocytes.4 Neutrophils/heterophils and lymphocytes constitute about 80% of WBCs in mammals. They are the main phagocytic leukocytes, and multiply rapidly in the system of the fish as a reaction to disease invasion, inflammations, stress and toxicants.5,6
{"title":"Effects of 2, 2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on leukocyte profiles in juveniles and adult sizes of Tilapia guineensis","authors":"Akinrotimi Oa, Wilfred Ekpripo Pc, Ukwe Oik","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00217","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the vertebrates including fish have five types of white blood cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes. The shape of each cell type appears to be conserved in living organism, with the exception of the neutrophils.1,2 In aves and reptilia, the neutrophils take the place of heterophils, and carry out the same immunological functions in the cell of these organisms.3 While in amphibians, this category of cell is sometimes called heterophils, however it is comparable to a neutrophil. And reptilian families have a sixth type of cell, called an azurophil, which majority of scientists classify with monocytes.4 Neutrophils/heterophils and lymphocytes constitute about 80% of WBCs in mammals. They are the main phagocytic leukocytes, and multiply rapidly in the system of the fish as a reaction to disease invasion, inflammations, stress and toxicants.5,6","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00226
W. Onuigbo
{"title":"Epidemiology of adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting in lymph nodes in a developing community","authors":"W. Onuigbo","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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