Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.15406/moji.2017.05.00170
Fariha Kanwal, A. Simair, Ting Chen, Yunlon Zhang, I. Qadri, Changrui Lu
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important player against infections and tissue damage in mammalian host defense. Its biological functions are evidently spacious including hematopoiesis, modulation of immune response, regulation of endocrine and nervous systems, protective plasma proteins, acute-phase proteins by the liver and control of body temperature [1-3]. IL-6 works in an expansive manner on cells of the immune and nonimmune system and most often behave like a hormone affecting homeostatic processes. Its prompt induction starts with the onset of any tissue damage or inflammation, activating the host defense and terminates upon tissue homeostasis restoration [4,5]. However, the deregulated persistent synthesis of IL-6 has been seen in the development of various autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers [6]. Clinical trials using the humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody have verified the efficacy of IL-6 blockade for the treatment of unmanageable inflammatory diseases, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Castleman’s disease. Its situation-dependent pro and anti-inflammatory nature makes cytokine as a top intention for clinical intervention [7-10]. However, IL-6 have several alternative molecular forms with multi-pattern post-translational modifications but its diverse cellular response is unclear and the recombinant IL-6 from bacteria without modifications reproducing all known functions left these post-translational modifications as non-causative for diverse actions of IL-6 [11,12].
{"title":"Molecular Cloning and In Silico Analysis of hIL-6 Gene from Pakistani Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients","authors":"Fariha Kanwal, A. Simair, Ting Chen, Yunlon Zhang, I. Qadri, Changrui Lu","doi":"10.15406/moji.2017.05.00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2017.05.00170","url":null,"abstract":"Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important player against infections and tissue damage in mammalian host defense. Its biological functions are evidently spacious including hematopoiesis, modulation of immune response, regulation of endocrine and nervous systems, protective plasma proteins, acute-phase proteins by the liver and control of body temperature [1-3]. IL-6 works in an expansive manner on cells of the immune and nonimmune system and most often behave like a hormone affecting homeostatic processes. Its prompt induction starts with the onset of any tissue damage or inflammation, activating the host defense and terminates upon tissue homeostasis restoration [4,5]. However, the deregulated persistent synthesis of IL-6 has been seen in the development of various autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers [6]. Clinical trials using the humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody have verified the efficacy of IL-6 blockade for the treatment of unmanageable inflammatory diseases, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Castleman’s disease. Its situation-dependent pro and anti-inflammatory nature makes cytokine as a top intention for clinical intervention [7-10]. However, IL-6 have several alternative molecular forms with multi-pattern post-translational modifications but its diverse cellular response is unclear and the recombinant IL-6 from bacteria without modifications reproducing all known functions left these post-translational modifications as non-causative for diverse actions of IL-6 [11,12].","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.15406/moji.2017.05.00168
K. Chan, Cl Ng, L. Yick
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system inflammatory disorders. Recently, autoimmunity against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is identified to be the underlying immunopathogenetic mechanism of the majority of NMOSD patients. This is evidenced by the detection of IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) in the serum of ~75%-80% of typical neuromyelitis optica patients. Detection of AQP4-IgG is highly specific for NMOSD, facilitates diagnosis of NMOSD and their distinction from classical multiple sclerosis. Besides its diagnostic value, AQP4-IgG is likely directly pathogenic in NMOSD. This review focuses on the immunopathological effects of AQP4-IgG in NMOSD.
{"title":"Immunopathological Effects Of Aquaporin-4 Ig G In Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders","authors":"K. Chan, Cl Ng, L. Yick","doi":"10.15406/moji.2017.05.00168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2017.05.00168","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system inflammatory disorders. Recently, autoimmunity against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is identified to be the underlying immunopathogenetic mechanism of the majority of NMOSD patients. This is evidenced by the detection of IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) in the serum of ~75%-80% of typical neuromyelitis optica patients. Detection of AQP4-IgG is highly specific for NMOSD, facilitates diagnosis of NMOSD and their distinction from classical multiple sclerosis. Besides its diagnostic value, AQP4-IgG is likely directly pathogenic in NMOSD. This review focuses on the immunopathological effects of AQP4-IgG in NMOSD.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-17DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00166
C. Bg, Sridhar, P. Giri, R. Rao
{"title":"Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis-A Less Reported Clinicopathologic Entity","authors":"C. Bg, Sridhar, P. Giri, R. Rao","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46523833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-09DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00165
A. Andaloussi
Uterine leiomyoma is common women health issue at reproductive age. The vitamin D and it’s receptor deficiency are associated with UL in African-American patients at reproductive age. This association are not strong enough to be supported by VDR knock-out animal model phenotype, due to lack of spontaneous UL development. Here, we are trying to emphasize on the fact that VDR KO mice phenotype reveal predisposition to malignancy diet dependent to lead to tumor mass induction.
{"title":"Comparing Vitamin D and Uterine Leiomyoma Association to VDR Knock-Out Mouse","authors":"A. Andaloussi","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00165","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine leiomyoma is common women health issue at reproductive age. The vitamin D and it’s receptor deficiency are associated with UL in African-American patients at reproductive age. This association are not strong enough to be supported by VDR knock-out animal model phenotype, due to lack of spontaneous UL development. Here, we are trying to emphasize on the fact that VDR KO mice phenotype reveal predisposition to malignancy diet dependent to lead to tumor mass induction.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00164
Waqas Iqbal, Saleh Al-karim, H. M. Ali, K. Saini
The ubiquitous up-regulation of CEACAM6 in colon, pancreatic, breast and lung cancer is well established. This protein is known for its invasive and metastatic properties in pancreatic adenocarcinoma as well as in breast cancer. We propose that the overexpression of CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are a pre-requisite for invasive and metastatic behavior of breast cancer. We have conducted bioinformatics studies to compare the expression profiles of CEA gene family members in sets of RNA-seq data for MCF10A (non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line) and MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) obtained from European Nucleotide Archives. RNA-seq data was mapped using HISAT2 followed by alignment and abundance analysis using Stringtie and visualized using ballgown package in R software environment. Specifically, we observed a 4.5-fold upregulation in CEACAM5 expression while 7-fold increase was recorded for CEACAM6 expression. We propose that the up-regulation of both these proteins in MCF7 cell line compared to MCF10A implicates their inconspicuous role in tumorigenesis, enhanced invasiveness and thus, leading to increased propensity towards breast cancer metastasis. Further studies are required in breast cancer cell lines and appropriate animal models to validate these in silico observations.
{"title":"CEACAM Gene Family: A Circuitous Journey towards Metastasis in Breast Cancer","authors":"Waqas Iqbal, Saleh Al-karim, H. M. Ali, K. Saini","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00164","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous up-regulation of CEACAM6 in colon, pancreatic, breast and lung cancer is well established. This protein is known for its invasive and metastatic properties in pancreatic adenocarcinoma as well as in breast cancer. We propose that the overexpression of CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are a pre-requisite for invasive and metastatic behavior of breast cancer. We have conducted bioinformatics studies to compare the expression profiles of CEA gene family members in sets of RNA-seq data for MCF10A (non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line) and MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) obtained from European Nucleotide Archives. RNA-seq data was mapped using HISAT2 followed by alignment and abundance analysis using Stringtie and visualized using ballgown package in R software environment. Specifically, we observed a 4.5-fold upregulation in CEACAM5 expression while 7-fold increase was recorded for CEACAM6 expression. We propose that the up-regulation of both these proteins in MCF7 cell line compared to MCF10A implicates their inconspicuous role in tumorigenesis, enhanced invasiveness and thus, leading to increased propensity towards breast cancer metastasis. Further studies are required in breast cancer cell lines and appropriate animal models to validate these in silico observations.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43493882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-21DOI: 10.15406/moji.2017.05.00163
Fern, O. MarcosRodriguez, A. Vargas, C. Miotti, Natalio Emilio González Silva, S. Frattari, Ivon Teresa ClaraNovak
Extracellular traps (ETs) are structures composed of chromatin, histones and granular proteins, first described on 2004 in neutrophils by Brinkmann, et al. [1], constitute a new mechanism of defense of the immune system in response to diverse microorganisms and other varied stimuli. In stimulated cells, the development of this phenomenon begins with the decondensation of the chromatin simultaneously with the loss of the nuclear structure. As the nuclear sheaths are separated, cytoplasm and granules are shown unchanged. At a later time the nuclear membrane disintegrates into vesicles and the granules disintegrate, resulting in the mixing of the contents of the nuclear, cytoplasmic and granular compartments. Finally, the combination of all these components is thrown into the extracellular space [2]. The most studied costimulatory pathway in T lymphocyte activation is the B7-1 (CD80)/B7-2 (CD86): CD28/CTLA4 pathway. Regulatory T lymphocytes are dependent for their generation and maintenance of costimulation by this B7: CD28 pathway [3]. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 are constitutively expressed in some cell types and are classically described as molecules of professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. These molecules are expressed at low intensity in resting cells but can be induced by inflammatory cytokines and by stimulation of Toll-like receptors with microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [3]. In neutrophils, it has been observed that such costimulatory molecules can be stored in their cytoplasmic granules and under certain stimuli expressed on the cell surface [4]. In a previous work, we have described the Colocalization of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cultures of total autologous leukocytes in healthy human blood samples [5].
{"title":"Extracellular Traps and Co-Stimulatory Molecules in Leukocytes of Patients with Positive Serology for Chagas Disease","authors":"Fern, O. MarcosRodriguez, A. Vargas, C. Miotti, Natalio Emilio González Silva, S. Frattari, Ivon Teresa ClaraNovak","doi":"10.15406/moji.2017.05.00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2017.05.00163","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular traps (ETs) are structures composed of chromatin, histones and granular proteins, first described on 2004 in neutrophils by Brinkmann, et al. [1], constitute a new mechanism of defense of the immune system in response to diverse microorganisms and other varied stimuli. In stimulated cells, the development of this phenomenon begins with the decondensation of the chromatin simultaneously with the loss of the nuclear structure. As the nuclear sheaths are separated, cytoplasm and granules are shown unchanged. At a later time the nuclear membrane disintegrates into vesicles and the granules disintegrate, resulting in the mixing of the contents of the nuclear, cytoplasmic and granular compartments. Finally, the combination of all these components is thrown into the extracellular space [2]. The most studied costimulatory pathway in T lymphocyte activation is the B7-1 (CD80)/B7-2 (CD86): CD28/CTLA4 pathway. Regulatory T lymphocytes are dependent for their generation and maintenance of costimulation by this B7: CD28 pathway [3]. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 are constitutively expressed in some cell types and are classically described as molecules of professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. These molecules are expressed at low intensity in resting cells but can be induced by inflammatory cytokines and by stimulation of Toll-like receptors with microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [3]. In neutrophils, it has been observed that such costimulatory molecules can be stored in their cytoplasmic granules and under certain stimuli expressed on the cell surface [4]. In a previous work, we have described the Colocalization of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cultures of total autologous leukocytes in healthy human blood samples [5].","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-17DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00162
H. Meena, P. Dara, B. Sharma, R. Choudhary, Prity Sharma
Urticaria, one of the most common dermatological disorders across the globe is characterized by itchy wheels with or without angioedema. The incidence of Urticaria in children is about 0.1% to 6% Chronic Urticaria is defined as a daily occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema, or both for >6 weeks. The etiology of chronic Urticaria is multifactorial in children and it can be explored in 20% to 50% children. In most of children the cause of chronic Urticaria are either idiopathic or autoimmune.
{"title":"Chronic Urticaria in Children: An Update about Etiology","authors":"H. Meena, P. Dara, B. Sharma, R. Choudhary, Prity Sharma","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00162","url":null,"abstract":"Urticaria, one of the most common dermatological disorders across the globe is characterized by itchy wheels with or without angioedema. The incidence of Urticaria in children is about 0.1% to 6% Chronic Urticaria is defined as a daily occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema, or both for >6 weeks. The etiology of chronic Urticaria is multifactorial in children and it can be explored in 20% to 50% children. In most of children the cause of chronic Urticaria are either idiopathic or autoimmune.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-11DOI: 10.15406/moji.2017.05.00161
M. Leclerc
It was shown 32 years ago that the sea star axial organ cells (AO cells) produced a spontaneous cytotoxicity against mouse cancerous cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was inserted in a CMV (cytomegalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. The induced« young » protein exerted a spontaneous cytotoxicity against osteosarcom cells (U2oS cells) and recently against Hela cells (cervix carcinoma cells).
{"title":"The Sea Star Igkappa Gene and its Applications in Cancerology","authors":"M. Leclerc","doi":"10.15406/moji.2017.05.00161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2017.05.00161","url":null,"abstract":"It was shown 32 years ago that the sea star axial organ cells (AO cells) produced a spontaneous cytotoxicity against mouse cancerous cells. Recently, we discovered a sea star Igkappa gene with immune properties. This gene was inserted in a CMV (cytomegalovirus) and finally in a plasmid called « young » plasmid. The induced« young » protein exerted a spontaneous cytotoxicity against osteosarcom cells (U2oS cells) and recently against Hela cells (cervix carcinoma cells).","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49178783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-10DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00160
A. Rathi, Ritesh Bansal, Kakalee K. Saha
India is a hotbed of diabetes with the highest number of diabetics in the world (62 million) and it is predicted that by 2030 the disease might afflict as high as 79.4 million individuals. Often the individuals with diabetes mellitus type-2 have other metabolic abnormalities-the clustering of which contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality profile. Comorbidity, defined as the occurrence of one or more chronic conditions in the same person with an index-disease, occurs frequently among patients with diabetes. Multiple health conditions lead to a faster deterioration of health and poses a great burden on the healthcare delivery system and patient’s pocket as well. It is a cross sectional study involving the data obtained from 144 patients with diabetes mellitus type-2 attending 2 diabetes clinics in Delhi between July-Sept 2016. Out of the total patients, 37 (25.7%) were females. The average age of the patients was 52.4 years, their average BMI was 27.3 kg/m2 and their average HbA1c was 8.9. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the most common co-existing conditions with diabetes, followed by neuropathy and sleep apnea. Diabetes care program should also focus on rigorously treating co-morbidities, as these are often associated with patient’s discomfort and dismay.
{"title":"Presence of Co-Morbidities in Patients Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 Attending Two Clinics in Delhi","authors":"A. Rathi, Ritesh Bansal, Kakalee K. Saha","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00160","url":null,"abstract":"India is a hotbed of diabetes with the highest number of diabetics in the world (62 million) and it is predicted that by 2030 the disease might afflict as high as 79.4 million individuals. Often the individuals with diabetes mellitus type-2 have other metabolic abnormalities-the clustering of which contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality profile. Comorbidity, defined as the occurrence of one or more chronic conditions in the same person with an index-disease, occurs frequently among patients with diabetes. Multiple health conditions lead to a faster deterioration of health and poses a great burden on the healthcare delivery system and patient’s pocket as well. It is a cross sectional study involving the data obtained from 144 patients with diabetes mellitus type-2 attending 2 diabetes clinics in Delhi between July-Sept 2016. Out of the total patients, 37 (25.7%) were females. The average age of the patients was 52.4 years, their average BMI was 27.3 kg/m2 and their average HbA1c was 8.9. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the most common co-existing conditions with diabetes, followed by neuropathy and sleep apnea. Diabetes care program should also focus on rigorously treating co-morbidities, as these are often associated with patient’s discomfort and dismay.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46388012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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