Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00190
E. Kalantar, Nafise Taati, A. Ghasemian, P. Heidarieh, Shirin Goudarzi, M. Marashi, Somayeh Yasliani-Fard, Mahboobe Hoseini, Monireh Ebadi
Background: Of the most common bacteria causing Sextually Transmitted Diseases (STD) is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Rising gonorrhea rates, growing antimicrobial resistance, and increasingly limited antimicrobial options globally have made gonorrhea an urgent antibiotic-resistant threat. Materials and methods: Two-hundred vaginal swabs were collected from non-pregnant women patients in Karaj, Iran during 2015-2016. The bacterial isolates were identified by gram-staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was performed and the MIC and MBC concentration of azithromycin and co-trimoxazole were determined by the micro-broth dilution test according to the CLSI 2016. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.85%. The abundance of married people was 97%, with 148 people having completed post-secondary education. Of the total 200 cervisitis samples, 12 (6%) of them were able to grow in vitro on the Thayer martin agar medium. all the isolates were resistant to cephixime and the majority of them (11/12 or 91.7%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacine, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime, spectinomycin, and gentamicin. most of N. gonorrhea isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and co-trimoxazole in the MIC determination test. Conclusion: In our study, given that the majority of gonococci had multiple resistances and showed at least three antibiotic classes in the society, this level of multiple resistance seems to be alarming. It is possible that the availability of antibiotics and self-treatment has increased the resistance of N. gonorrhea to antibiotics, which may be due to the lack of education from health care personnel, and more attention to the education provided by health care personnel is helpful.
{"title":"Detection of alarming increase in antibiotic resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in karaj, Iran","authors":"E. Kalantar, Nafise Taati, A. Ghasemian, P. Heidarieh, Shirin Goudarzi, M. Marashi, Somayeh Yasliani-Fard, Mahboobe Hoseini, Monireh Ebadi","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Of the most common bacteria causing Sextually Transmitted Diseases (STD) is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Rising gonorrhea rates, growing antimicrobial resistance, and increasingly limited antimicrobial options globally have made gonorrhea an urgent antibiotic-resistant threat. \u0000 \u0000 Materials and methods: Two-hundred vaginal swabs were collected from non-pregnant women patients in Karaj, Iran during 2015-2016. The bacterial isolates were identified by gram-staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was performed and the MIC and MBC concentration of azithromycin and co-trimoxazole were determined by the micro-broth dilution test according to the CLSI 2016. \u0000 \u0000 Results: The mean age of participants was 35.85%. The abundance of married people was 97%, with 148 people having completed post-secondary education. Of the total 200 cervisitis samples, 12 (6%) of them were able to grow in vitro on the Thayer martin agar medium. all the isolates were resistant to cephixime and the majority of them (11/12 or 91.7%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacine, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime, spectinomycin, and gentamicin. most of N. gonorrhea isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and co-trimoxazole in the MIC determination test. \u0000 \u0000 Conclusion: In our study, given that the majority of gonococci had multiple resistances and showed at least three antibiotic classes in the society, this level of multiple resistance seems to be alarming. It is possible that the availability of antibiotics and self-treatment has increased the resistance of N. gonorrhea to antibiotics, which may be due to the lack of education from health care personnel, and more attention to the education provided by health care personnel is helpful.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-16DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00189
Y. Ou, M. Cannon, M. Nakagawa
Increasing evidence supports that regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor, tumor draining lymph nodes, ascites and peripheral blood of patients with cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Tregs are important mediators of active immune evasion in cancer. In this review, the potential mechanisms of Treg actions and the roles of Tregs specifically in the tumor microenvironment derived from three types of gynecological cancers, cervical, vulvar and ovarian, are described. The correlations between Tregs and clinical immunotherapeutic study outcomes are discussed. Successful modulation of Tregs would likely have significant impact on the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic treatments in cancer patients.
{"title":"Regulatory T Cells in Gynecologic Cancer.","authors":"Y. Ou, M. Cannon, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00189","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing evidence supports that regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor, tumor draining lymph nodes, ascites and peripheral blood of patients with cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Tregs are important mediators of active immune evasion in cancer. In this review, the potential mechanisms of Treg actions and the roles of Tregs specifically in the tumor microenvironment derived from three types of gynecological cancers, cervical, vulvar and ovarian, are described. The correlations between Tregs and clinical immunotherapeutic study outcomes are discussed. Successful modulation of Tregs would likely have significant impact on the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic treatments in cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-13DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00188
M. Khalili
Objective:It has been reported that cytokines play a crucial role in pathogenesis of different diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated the serum level of IL-33 in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and also clarify its association with traditional risk factors of the disease. Methods:A total of 300 patients with IHD as having acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=100), unstable angina (UA; n=100) or stable angina (SA; n=100) and 100 sex- and age- matched healthy subjects as control group (n=100) were enrolled to this cross-sectional, case controlled study. Serum samples were collected from all participants and tested for IL-33 by use of ELISA method. Results:The mean serum concentration of IL-33 in AMI (103.3319.29 Pg/ml), SA (157.6033.43 Pg/ml) and UA (122.21 22.26 Pg/ml) was significantly higher than that observed in healthy control (61.857.67 Pg/ml). There was no significant difference between patient with or without certain traditional risk factor including hypertensionve patients, dyslipidemic patients, smokinger, obesity e patients and diabetesic patients in the mean serum level of IL-33. Conclusion:These results showed that the higher serum concentration of IL-33 was associated with IHD. The presence or absence of certain traditional risk factors of IHD did not influence the serum level of cytokines.
{"title":"Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-33 in patients with ischemic heart disease","authors":"M. Khalili","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00188","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:It has been reported that cytokines play a crucial role in pathogenesis of different diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated the serum level of IL-33 in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and also clarify its association with traditional risk factors of the disease. \u0000 \u0000 Methods:A total of 300 patients with IHD as having acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=100), unstable angina (UA; n=100) or stable angina (SA; n=100) and 100 sex- and age- matched healthy subjects as control group (n=100) were enrolled to this cross-sectional, case controlled study. Serum samples were collected from all participants and tested for IL-33 by use of ELISA method. \u0000 \u0000 Results:The mean serum concentration of IL-33 in AMI (103.3319.29 Pg/ml), SA (157.6033.43 Pg/ml) and UA (122.21 22.26 Pg/ml) was significantly higher than that observed in healthy control (61.857.67 Pg/ml). There was no significant difference between patient with or without certain traditional risk factor including hypertensionve patients, dyslipidemic patients, smokinger, obesity e patients and diabetesic patients in the mean serum level of IL-33. \u0000 \u0000 Conclusion:These results showed that the higher serum concentration of IL-33 was associated with IHD. The presence or absence of certain traditional risk factors of IHD did not influence the serum level of cytokines.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00187
Ö. Özdemir
Omalizumab is an anti-human IgE humanized monoclonal antibody produced against CƐ3 domain of the Fc fragment of IgE molecule. Omalizumab suppresses the effector roles of IgE by preventing binding to high-affinity receptors (FcεR1) on allergy-related immune effector cells and blocking mast cell or basophil mediator release.4 Based on this mechanism of action, Omab also provides symptomatic relief to allergic patients.
{"title":"Omalizumab and sino-nasal allergy treatment","authors":"Ö. Özdemir","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00187","url":null,"abstract":"Omalizumab is an anti-human IgE humanized monoclonal antibody produced against CƐ3 domain of the Fc fragment of IgE molecule. Omalizumab suppresses the effector roles of IgE by preventing binding to high-affinity receptors (FcεR1) on allergy-related immune effector cells and blocking mast cell or basophil mediator release.4 Based on this mechanism of action, Omab also provides symptomatic relief to allergic patients.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-27DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00185
E. S. Vasconcelos, Raquel Fern, A. Salla
Cytokines are key modulators of inflammation, participating in acute and chronic inflammation via a complex and sometimes contradictory network of interactions.1 The cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed and released by muscle fibers, and exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects, are classified as myokines. Skeletal muscle contains resident immune cell populations and their abundance and type are altered in inflammatory myopathies, endotoxemia or other different types of muscle injury.2 The interleukins (ILs) correspond to class of cytokines released by numerous body tissues to control and coordinate immune responses. There are several isoforms and the most known is interleukin-6 (IL-6), an early-stage myokine that might play important role in exercise-induced muscular growth. IL-6 was first cloned and characterized in the mid-1980s by several independent groups, by assessing immunoglobulin production and acute-phase protein responses in different cell lines.3 IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with the control and coordination of immune responses, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis, which regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation.4 Skeletal muscle cells are a further important source of IL-6 and this cytokine is detected locally at elevated concentrations in actively contracting muscle fibers and after increased workload. Exercise is known to cause major physiological, hormonal, metabolic, and immunological effects. The resistance training acutely upregulates IL-6 by up to 100fold, and the peak of IL-6 level is reached at the end of the exercise or shortly after, about 30 minutes after the exercise, followed by a rapid decrease towards pre-exercise levels.5 Exercise-induced metabolic stress may further stimulate its production.6,7 However, there is a low interaction between muscle damage and increased levels of IL-6, and studies found a low correlation in the time course of IL-6 and creatine kinase.8,9 Therefore, researchers found that muscle tissues during the contraction are the predominant source of IL-6.5 Thus, muscle damage is not required in order to increase plasma IL-6 during exercise.
{"title":"Role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 in exercise","authors":"E. S. Vasconcelos, Raquel Fern, A. Salla","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2018.06.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokines are key modulators of inflammation, participating in acute and chronic inflammation via a complex and sometimes contradictory network of interactions.1 The cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed and released by muscle fibers, and exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects, are classified as myokines. Skeletal muscle contains resident immune cell populations and their abundance and type are altered in inflammatory myopathies, endotoxemia or other different types of muscle injury.2 The interleukins (ILs) correspond to class of cytokines released by numerous body tissues to control and coordinate immune responses. There are several isoforms and the most known is interleukin-6 (IL-6), an early-stage myokine that might play important role in exercise-induced muscular growth. IL-6 was first cloned and characterized in the mid-1980s by several independent groups, by assessing immunoglobulin production and acute-phase protein responses in different cell lines.3 IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with the control and coordination of immune responses, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis, which regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation.4 Skeletal muscle cells are a further important source of IL-6 and this cytokine is detected locally at elevated concentrations in actively contracting muscle fibers and after increased workload. Exercise is known to cause major physiological, hormonal, metabolic, and immunological effects. The resistance training acutely upregulates IL-6 by up to 100fold, and the peak of IL-6 level is reached at the end of the exercise or shortly after, about 30 minutes after the exercise, followed by a rapid decrease towards pre-exercise levels.5 Exercise-induced metabolic stress may further stimulate its production.6,7 However, there is a low interaction between muscle damage and increased levels of IL-6, and studies found a low correlation in the time course of IL-6 and creatine kinase.8,9 Therefore, researchers found that muscle tissues during the contraction are the predominant source of IL-6.5 Thus, muscle damage is not required in order to increase plasma IL-6 during exercise.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing evidence supports that regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor, tumor draining lymph nodes, ascites and peripheral blood of patients with cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Tregs are important mediators of active immune evasion in cancer. In this review, the potential mechanisms of Treg actions and the roles of Tregs specifically in the tumor microenvironment derived from three types of gynecological cancers, cervical, vulvar and ovarian, are described. The correlations between Tregs and clinical immunotherapeutic study outcomes are discussed. Successful modulation of Tregs would likely have significant impact on the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic treatments in cancer patients.
越来越多的证据表明，肿瘤、肿瘤引流淋巴结、腹水和癌症患者外周血中的调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）与预后不良有关。调节性 T 细胞是癌症患者主动免疫逃避的重要介质。在这篇综述中，介绍了 Treg 作用的潜在机制，以及 Tregs 在宫颈癌、外阴癌和卵巢癌这三种妇科癌症的肿瘤微环境中的作用。还讨论了Tregs与临床免疫治疗研究结果之间的相关性。成功调节 Tregs 可能会对癌症患者的免疫治疗效果产生重大影响。
{"title":"Regulatory T Cells in Gynecologic Cancer.","authors":"Yang Ou, Martin J Cannon, Mayumi Nakagawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence supports that regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor, tumor draining lymph nodes, ascites and peripheral blood of patients with cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Tregs are important mediators of active immune evasion in cancer. In this review, the potential mechanisms of Treg actions and the roles of Tregs specifically in the tumor microenvironment derived from three types of gynecological cancers, cervical, vulvar and ovarian, are described. The correlations between Tregs and clinical immunotherapeutic study outcomes are discussed. Successful modulation of Tregs would likely have significant impact on the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic treatments in cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6329475/pdf/nihms965413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36848528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00223
O. I. Wilson
Researchers based in Birmingham (UK) concluded that the establishment of a histopathology data pool enhances epidemiological analysis.5 Now, such a pool was established by the Government of the Eastern Region of Nigeria. Therefore, as the pioneer pathologist, who headed it, the author facilitated the collection of biopsy specimens, provided that they were accompanied by epidemiological data. Moreover, since individual reports were kept personally, analysis was promoted. Accordingly, it is deemed worthwhile to tabulate the findings.
{"title":"Lymphoma of the parotid gland among a Nigerian ethnic group","authors":"O. I. Wilson","doi":"10.15406/moji.2018.06.00223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/moji.2018.06.00223","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers based in Birmingham (UK) concluded that the establishment of a histopathology data pool enhances epidemiological analysis.5 Now, such a pool was established by the Government of the Eastern Region of Nigeria. Therefore, as the pioneer pathologist, who headed it, the author facilitated the collection of biopsy specimens, provided that they were accompanied by epidemiological data. Moreover, since individual reports were kept personally, analysis was promoted. Accordingly, it is deemed worthwhile to tabulate the findings.","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67085348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00182
F. Jadue, J. Guevara
Leprosy is a serious public health problem for causing permanent physical disability. It is caused by Mycobacterium Leprae, obligate intracellular parasite, is characterized by presenting with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, which contain at their ends polar opposites and stable, interspersed by unstable forms, which may acquire clinical and immunological aspects of each of the poles, depending on the host immune response potential (Figure 1).
{"title":"Immunological aspects of Hansen's Disease","authors":"F. Jadue, J. Guevara","doi":"10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJI.2017.05.00182","url":null,"abstract":"Leprosy is a serious public health problem for causing permanent physical disability. It is caused by Mycobacterium Leprae, obligate intracellular parasite, is characterized by presenting with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, which contain at their ends polar opposites and stable, interspersed by unstable forms, which may acquire clinical and immunological aspects of each of the poles, depending on the host immune response potential (Figure 1).","PeriodicalId":90928,"journal":{"name":"MOJ immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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