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Perspectives on the reclassification of taxa in the Arceuthobium campylopodum complex (Viscaceae) 重新划分芒柄蜡木复合类群（粘胶科）分类群的视角

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0113

Shawn C. Kenaley, Robert L. Mathiasen

Botany, Ahead of Print.
The taxonomic classification of dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) in series Campylopoda requires a multi-trait approach, integrating plant genetics, morphologies, and phenologies as well as their host and geographic distributions. Thus, competing interpretations on the contribution of these traits to defining species and subspecies boundaries has spurred considerable debate. Accordingly, the recent reclassification of 12 previously recognized species in ser. Campylopoda to separate subspecies of Arceuthobium campylopodum in the Flora of North America (FNA) has furthered this debate. We contend that these taxa deserve separate species recognition, while subspecies described prior to and after the recombination of ser. Campylopoda taxa in the FNA also deserve recognition. Herein, we provide evidence that the treatment in the FNA does not adequately reflect the diverse morphological, geographic, host, and phenological differences across the series, and hence, we maintain that the reclassification of ser. Campylopoda taxa was not justified according to empirical evidence published prior to and following the FNA treatment. We conclude our critique of the FNA treatment of ser. Campylopoda by advocating for the continued application of the Hawksworth and Wiens’ classification system, with minor modifications to the constitution of the series.

植物学》，提前出版。槲寄生（槲寄生属，粘木科）在分类学上属于凌霄花科（Campylopoda），其分类需要采用多性状方法，综合考虑植物遗传学、形态学、物候学以及寄主和地理分布。因此，关于这些性状对界定物种和亚种边界的贡献的不同解释引发了大量争论。因此，最近将 12 个以前公认的鞘翅目物种重新归类为单独的亚种。因此，最近在《北美植物志》（Flora of North America，FNA）中将 12 个以前被认为是莰藻目（ser. Campylopoda）的物种重新分类为单独的莰藻亚种（Arceuthobium campylopodum），进一步加剧了这一争论。我们认为，这些类群应被认定为单独的种，而在 ser.同时，在 FNA 中的桡足类分类群重组之前和之后描述的亚种也应得到承认。在此，我们提供的证据表明，FNA 中的处理方法并不能充分反映各系列在形态、地理、寄主和物候方面的差异，因此，我们坚持认为，对 Ser.因此我们认为，根据 FNA 处理之前和之后公布的经验证据，对蛇脚类群的重新分类是不合理的。最后，我们对 FNA 处理裂腹纲蛇目分类群的做法提出了批评。最后，我们主张继续采用 Hawksworth 和 Wiens 的分类系统，并对系列的构成稍作修改。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic variation in growth and leaf traits associated with local adaptation to climate in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) 黄桦（Betula alleghaniensis Britton）生长和叶片性状的遗传变异与当地气候适应性有关

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0095

A. Maloney, Q.L. Dang, P.M. Godakanda, A. Thomson

Botany, Ahead of Print.
Understanding patterns of variation in functional traits of hardwood trees is crucial for conserving and managing North American temperate forests under climate change. This study examined provenance variation of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) in growth, biomass allocation, leaf morphology, and stable carbon isotope composition. Trees were grown from 10 seed sources originating from across Canada and the northern USA. Height and diameter were not significantly related to climate at seed origin, suggesting that variation may be better explained by site factors, such as soil pH and soil moisture. In contrast, carbon isotope composition and leaf morphological traits were significantly correlated to climate variables including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. Provenances from warmer, drier localities tended to have higher stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), greater specific leaf area, and narrower leaf width than their counterparts from cooler, wetter climates. Thus, variation in leaf morphological traits appears to be involved in adaptation of yellow birch to variation in temperature and moisture availability across the species’ range. Our results suggest that there may exist potential for selection and breeding of drought-resistant yellow birch genotypes to aid in reforestation under climate change.

植物学》，提前印刷。了解硬木树木功能特征的变异模式对于保护和管理气候变化下的北美温带森林至关重要。本研究考察了黄桦（Betula alleghaniensis Britton）在生长、生物量分配、叶片形态和稳定碳同位素组成方面的产地差异。这些树种来自加拿大和美国北部的 10 个种源。树高和直径与种子来源地的气候关系不大，这表明土壤酸碱度和土壤湿度等地点因素可以更好地解释树高和直径的变化。相比之下，碳同位素组成和叶片形态特征与气候变量（包括温度、降水和太阳辐射）有显著相关性。与气候凉爽湿润的地区相比，气候温暖干燥地区的原种往往具有更高的稳定碳同位素比（δ13C）、更大的比叶面积和更窄的叶宽。因此，叶片形态特征的变化似乎与黄桦对整个物种分布区的温度和湿度变化的适应有关。我们的研究结果表明，可能存在选育抗旱黄桦基因型的潜力，以帮助在气候变化条件下重新造林。

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引用次数: 0

Leaf developmental patterns of two species of Baccharis (Asteraceae): an analysis based on cell wall pectins 两种百日草（菊科）的叶片发育模式：基于细胞壁果胶的分析

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0041

Joseline de Fátima Antunes, Vinícius Coelho Kuster, Thiago Alves Magalhães, Denis Coelho de Oliveira

Botany, Ahead of Print.
The cell wall plays a primary role in plant growth, which is regulated by cellulose microfibrils, proteins, and pectins. Regarding pectins, the rate of homogalacturonan (HG) methylesterification and the type of rhamnogalacturonan side chains can mediate leaf development. Herein, we evaluated pectic compounds of the cell walls by immunocytochemistry during the leaf development of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. and Baccharis platypoda DC. Leaves in different maturation stages (from leaf bud to 9th node) were collected in a rupestrian field and fixed in formalin, acetic acid for anatomical and immunocytochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies (JIM5, JIM7, LM5, and LM6). Both species showed similar anatomical structures based on peculiar cell wall pectic matrices. Baccharis platypoda leaves reach precocious maturation in the 3rd node, while B. dracunculifolia reaches maturation in the 6th node. These results seem to be related to HGs already de-methylesterified in the leaf primordia located in the leaf bud of B. platypoda. Epitopes of (1→5) α-l-arabinan occurred only in the collenchyma of B. platypoda, supporting cell wall stability. (1→4) β-D-galactans showed different fluorescence intensities in the two species, which changed during leaf development. The different rates of leaf tissue maturation between the two Baccharis species are influenced by variations in the pectic compounds of the cell walls, especially regarding the rate of HG methylesterification.

植物学》，提前印刷。细胞壁在植物生长中起着主要作用，它由纤维素微纤维、蛋白质和果胶调节。关于果胶，均聚半乳糖醛酸（HG）的甲基化速率和鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸侧链的类型可介导叶片的发育。在此，我们通过免疫细胞化学法评估了龙须菜（Baccharis dracunculifolia DC.）和鸭嘴木（Baccharis platypoda DC.）叶片发育过程中细胞壁的果胶化合物。在露台采集不同成熟阶段（从叶芽到第 9 节）的叶片，用福尔马林和醋酸固定，使用单克隆抗体（JIM5、JIM7、LM5 和 LM6）进行解剖和免疫细胞化学分析。这两个物种在奇特的细胞壁独特基质基础上表现出相似的解剖结构。Baccharis platypoda 的叶片在第 3 节达到早熟，而 B. dracunculifolia 则在第 6 节达到成熟。这些结果似乎与位于 B. platypoda 叶芽中的叶原基中已经脱甲基化的 HG 有关。(1→5)α-arabinan的表位只出现在板蓝根的基质中，支持细胞壁的稳定性。(1→4）β-D-半乳聚糖在两个物种中显示出不同的荧光强度，并在叶片发育过程中发生变化。两种百日草的叶片组织成熟速度不同，受到细胞壁中果胶化合物变化的影响，尤其是 HG 甲酯化速度的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Botany editorial—climate and nature crisis is also about the health of plants 植物学社论--气候和自然危机也关系到植物的健康

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0152

Liette Vasseur

Botany, Ahead of Print.

植物学》，提前印刷。

引用次数: 0

We do not see evidence for the presence of female gametangia (oospores) in North American Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux) J. Groves 我们没有发现北美 Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux) J. Groves 中存在雌配子器（卵孢子）的证据。

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0102

Stephen D. Gottschalk, Aurélie Boissezon, Sarah E. Hamsher, Richard M. McCourt, Donna J. Perleberg, Paul M. Skawinski, Robin S. Sleith, Kenneth G. Karol

Botany, Ahead of Print.
We contest the recently reported findings that suggest the presence of female gametangia in the North American range of the invasive macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa (Harrow-Lyle, T.J., Ginn, B.K., Kirkwood, A.E., and Melles, S.J. 2023. First report of female gametangia in the invasive macroalga starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) in North America. Botany, 101: 61–64. doi:10.1139/cjb-2022-0096). The claims do not clearly show identifying morphology of N. obtusa female gametangia, are inconsistent with known characeaen developmental biology, and do not provide the evidence commensurate with such a claim. More convincing observational data are required. To date, only male thalli of N. obtusa have been confirmed either with herbarium vouchers or clear images. The appearance of female gametangia would have significant implications for the invasion biology of N. obtusa as well as approaches to managing its spread.

植物学》，打印前。最近有报道称，入侵大型藻类星石草（Nitellopsis obtusa）的北美分布区存在雌性配子器（Harrow-Lyle, T.J., Ginn, B.K., Kirkwood, A.E., and Melles, S.J. 2023.北美入侵大型藻类星石草（Nitellopsis obtusa）雌配子器的首次报告。doi:10.1139/cjb-2022-0096）。这些说法没有清楚地显示 N. obtusa 雌配子器的识别形态，与已知的characeaen 发育生物学不一致，也没有提供与这种说法相称的证据。需要更有说服力的观察数据。迄今为止，只有标本馆的凭证或清晰的图像证实了 N. obtusa 的雄蕊。雌配子器的出现将对欧鼠李的入侵生物学以及管理其扩散的方法产生重大影响。

引用次数: 0

Note of appreciation 感谢信

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0122

Botany, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page i-i, January 2024.

植物学》，第 102 卷，第 1 期，第 i-i 页，2024 年 1 月。

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents. 在年龄较大的青少年中比较牙骨性和牙源性快速上颌骨扩张的短期效果。

IF 1.7 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00401-x

Mustafa Gokturk, Mehmet Ali Yavan

Purpose: To compare the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) devices on dentofacial structures in older adolescents.

Methods: The retrospective study reviewed pre- and posttreatment lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric images and orthodontic model records of patients who underwent maxillary expansion. Two groups were formed, in which the same upper jaw expansion protocol was applied with two different maxillary expansion devices: the first group consisted of 15 individuals treated with tooth-bone-borne (hybrid) RME (HRME; 9 girls and 6 boys; mean age, 16.9 ± 0.42 years) and the second group consisted of 15 individuals treated with tooth-borne (conventional) RME (CRME; 8 girls and 7 boys; mean age, 16.74 ± 0.54 years). Cephalometric and orthodontic model measurements were conducted on the records taken before and after treatment.

Results: Significant skeletal and dental expansions were observed in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the increase in nasal width measurements in the HRME group (2.24 ± 0.61 mm) was significantly higher than the increase in the CRME group (1.12 ± 0.25 mm; p < 0.01). Buccal tipping of the premolars was significantly less in the HRME group (0.46 ± 0.35°) than in the CRME group (2.46 ± 0.63°; p < 0.01). The amount of tipping of the molars was higher in the HRME group (4.76 ± 0.88°) compared to the CRME group (2.9 ± 1.03°; p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Although the HRME device increase the nasal width in older adolescents to a greater extent, more dental side effects were seen at the maxillary first molars.

目的：比较牙骨性和牙源性快速上颌扩弓（RME）装置对老年青少年颌面结构的短期影响：这项回顾性研究回顾了接受上颌扩弓术的患者治疗前后的侧方和后正方头颅测量图像以及正畸模型记录。研究分为两组，采用相同的上颌扩弓方案和两种不同的上颌扩弓装置：第一组包括15名采用牙骨质（混合）RME（HRME；9名女孩和6名男孩；平均年龄（16.9 ± 0.42岁）治疗的患者；第二组包括15名采用牙骨质（传统）RME（CRME；8名女孩和7名男孩；平均年龄（16.74 ± 0.54岁）治疗的患者。对治疗前后的记录进行了头型测量和正畸模型测量：结果：两组患者的骨骼和牙齿都有明显的扩张（P虽然 HRME 装置在更大程度上增加了年龄较大的青少年的鼻腔宽度，但在上颌第一磨牙处发现了更多的牙齿副作用。

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引用次数: 0

Justicia americana exhibits stem density-aboveground biomass relationships and variability in elemental composition and isotopic signature across tissue types and land use gradients 美洲大叶女贞（Justicia americana）在不同组织类型和土地利用梯度中表现出茎密度与地上生物量的关系以及元素组成和同位素特征的变异性

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0117

James L Wood, E. T. Huff

Riverine macrophytes are increasingly understood to influence both the physical and chemical dynamics of rivers by creating biogeochemical hotspots and stabilizing benthic sediments. They contribute carbon and nutrients to both aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems through senescence and herbivory. Here we report the relationships between Justicia americana biomass, stem length and stem density, and % carbon (%C), % nitrogen (%N), C:N, δ15N and δ13C relationships between tissues types (roots, stems, and leaves). Additionally, we report the effects of land use on the plant’s tissue. We found that 1) J. americana stem density and dry biomass were positively correlated (P<0.001); 2) δ13C and % N were significantly different in leaf and root tissue; 3) δ13C and δ15N were both positively correlated across tissue types; 4) Leaf C:N was less than ½ of root and stem tissue; 5) % C in leaf tissue was positively correlated (P<0.05) with forest cover and negatively correlated with urbanization and watershed area; and 6) provide evidence that J. americana utilizes a C3 photosynthetic pathway. Overall, this study provides novel insight into the ecology of J. americana by elucidating the nutritional quality of different plant tissues and stoichiometric changes in the plant in response to land use.

人们越来越多地认识到，河流大型植物通过创造生物地球化学热点和稳定底栖沉积物来影响河流的物理和化学动态。它们通过衰老和草食向水生和邻近的陆地生态系统贡献碳和营养。本文报道了美洲Justicia americana生物量、茎长和茎密度与组织类型(根、茎和叶)之间%碳(%C)、%氮(%N)、C:N、δ15N和δ13C之间的关系。此外，我们报告了土地利用对植物组织的影响。结果表明:1)美洲姜茎密度与干生物量呈显著正相关(P<0.001);2)叶片和根组织δ13C和% N差异显著;3) δ13C和δ15N在不同组织类型间均呈正相关;4)叶片C:N小于根和茎组织的1 / 2;5)叶片组织中% C与森林覆盖度呈正相关(P<0.05)，与城市化和流域面积呈负相关;6)提供美洲蓟利用C3光合途径的证据。总的来说，本研究通过阐明不同植物组织的营养品质和植物对土地利用的化学计量学变化，为美洲蓟的生态学提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency 是时候将气候和自然危机视为一个不可分割的全球卫生紧急事件

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0144

Botany, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page i-iii, December 2023.

植物学，第101卷，第12期，第i-iii页，2023年12月。

引用次数: 0

Assessing Olfactory Fossa Depth and Its Relationship with the Variations in Adjacent Anatomical Structures by Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). 锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)评估嗅窝深度及其与邻近解剖结构变化的关系。

IF 0.6 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Botany

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03538-2

Aida Pedram, Azadeh Torkzadeh, Roshanak Ghaffari, Seyed Sasan Aryanezhad

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa anatomy (Keros types) and its relationship with changes in adjacent anatomical structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this descriptive-analytical study, the paranasal CBCT of 120 healthy adults over 18 years of age were evaluated. The olfactory fossa depth on both sides and the degree of asymmetry on both sides were reported. Correlation of olfactory fossa depth with the size of adjacent anatomical structures such as middle concha length, maximum orbital height and distance from ethmoid roof to nasal floor and ethmoid roof height to the palate in the anterior and posterior, length, and lateral angle of the lamella and cribriform plate distance. The lower concha junction was examined. The most common olfactory fossae on both sides of the Keros classification were Type II, Type I, and Type III, respectively. The mean dimensions of adjacent anatomical structures on the right and left did not differ significantly. The length and lateral angle of the lamella and the height of the ethmoid roof to the floor of the nose, and the height of the ethmoid roof to the palate in the back, on the right, and left in Type III were greater. The lateral angle of the left lamella was greater in Type III. The relationship between olfactory fossa depth and changes in anatomical structures were not significantly correlated with increasing olfactory fossa depth.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03538-2.

本研究旨在利用锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)研究嗅窝(Keros型)解剖及其与邻近解剖结构变化的关系。在这项描述性分析研究中，对120名18岁以上的健康成年人的鼻部CBCT进行了评估。报告了两侧嗅窝深度和两侧不对称程度。嗅窝深度与相邻解剖结构大小的相关性，如中鼻甲长度、眼眶最大高度、筛顶至鼻底距离、筛顶前后高度至上颚距离、板板长度、侧角、筛板距离等。检查下鼻甲连接处。Keros分类两侧最常见的嗅窝分别为II型、I型和III型。左右相邻解剖结构的平均尺寸无显著差异。III型鼻翼板的长度和侧角、鼻底的筛顶高度、鼻后、右、左的筛顶到上颚的高度均较大。III型左板的外侧角度较大。嗅觉窝深度与解剖结构变化的关系不随嗅觉窝深度的增加而显著相关。补充资料:在线版本包含补充资料，下载地址:10.1007/s12070-023-03538-2。

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