Understanding the mechanisms underlying species’ distribution limits is critical for predicting how species may respond to environmental change. For species restricted to mountain summits, there is concern that climatic changes may result in increasingly restricted distributions. Two central mechanisms govern species distribution limits: (i) niche limitations – environmental conditions beyond distribution limits that are insufficient for survival and reproduction, and (ii) dispersal limitations that prevent colonization of suitable habitat beyond distribution limits. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment to examine the effect of niche versus dispersal limitation on the altitudinal distribution limit of the Ghost Antler Lichen (Pseudevernia cladonia) that, within Québec, Canada, is restricted to high-elevation mountain summits in the southeast. Along an elevation gradient, we transplanted individuals into sites within its distribution, at the edge, and beyond its distribution. We observed that survival and performance were greatest within its distribution and decreased markedly beyond its distribution, supporting our prediction that this lichen is niche limited along the elevation gradient. We suggest that cooler and more humid conditions at the summit are important environmental factors for species’ persistence. Our findings suggest that projected climatic changes in these montane habitats may result in less suitable habitat for this species.
{"title":"An experimental test of niche versus dispersal limitation of the distribution limit of the Ghost Antler Lichen, Pseudevernia cladonia, along a temperate-boreal elevation gradient","authors":"Christina L. Rinas, M. Vellend","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mechanisms underlying species’ distribution limits is critical for predicting how species may respond to environmental change. For species restricted to mountain summits, there is concern that climatic changes may result in increasingly restricted distributions. Two central mechanisms govern species distribution limits: (i) niche limitations – environmental conditions beyond distribution limits that are insufficient for survival and reproduction, and (ii) dispersal limitations that prevent colonization of suitable habitat beyond distribution limits. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment to examine the effect of niche versus dispersal limitation on the altitudinal distribution limit of the Ghost Antler Lichen (Pseudevernia cladonia) that, within Québec, Canada, is restricted to high-elevation mountain summits in the southeast. Along an elevation gradient, we transplanted individuals into sites within its distribution, at the edge, and beyond its distribution. We observed that survival and performance were greatest within its distribution and decreased markedly beyond its distribution, supporting our prediction that this lichen is niche limited along the elevation gradient. We suggest that cooler and more humid conditions at the summit are important environmental factors for species’ persistence. Our findings suggest that projected climatic changes in these montane habitats may result in less suitable habitat for this species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Janssen, S. A. Johnson, Nicholas Glass, Patricia Dickerson, Christopher J. Whelan, B. Molano‐Flores
In the USA, road salt usage in urban areas has increased since the 1950’s. In the greater Chicago area over 175,000 tons of salt are applied every year. The salt runoff from this application has the potential to negatively impact nearby plants and alter native plant communities. We evaluated how varying salt concentrations affect overall germination, germination probability, and multiple metrics of germination speed for seeds from five source populations of Thuja occidentalis. Two populations in a native forested fen system are susceptible to salt runoff from the Illinois Tollway. We found that increased salt concentrations decreased both the probability of germination and overall germination, and increased the time to germination. Seeds from the two natural populations performed poorly compared to the other populations. Salt pollution impacts the health and survival of adult trees, and may also inhibit the reproduction and recruitment of T. occidentalis. Reduction of salt pollution is necessary to maintain the long-term survival and persistence of this species, other sensitive species, and native fen habitats.
{"title":"Impacts of road salt on seed germination of Thuja occidentalis found in natural communities adjacent to the Illinois Tollway in northeastern IL USA.","authors":"Eric Janssen, S. A. Johnson, Nicholas Glass, Patricia Dickerson, Christopher J. Whelan, B. Molano‐Flores","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0137","url":null,"abstract":"In the USA, road salt usage in urban areas has increased since the 1950’s. In the greater Chicago area over 175,000 tons of salt are applied every year. The salt runoff from this application has the potential to negatively impact nearby plants and alter native plant communities. We evaluated how varying salt concentrations affect overall germination, germination probability, and multiple metrics of germination speed for seeds from five source populations of Thuja occidentalis. Two populations in a native forested fen system are susceptible to salt runoff from the Illinois Tollway. We found that increased salt concentrations decreased both the probability of germination and overall germination, and increased the time to germination. Seeds from the two natural populations performed poorly compared to the other populations. Salt pollution impacts the health and survival of adult trees, and may also inhibit the reproduction and recruitment of T. occidentalis. Reduction of salt pollution is necessary to maintain the long-term survival and persistence of this species, other sensitive species, and native fen habitats.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiao Qin, Zhou-Dong Han, You Wu, Hong Wang, Shi-Bao Zhang
Botany, Ahead of Print. The tiny terrestrial orchids (plant height less than 8 cm) in the genus Corybas dependent on mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) partners for seed germination and seedling development. The OMF community of the Corybas remains poorly understood, although the relevant knowledge is very important for in situ and ex situ conservation of these orchids. In this study, we characterized OMF richness and compositions of three helmet-orchid species, i.e., Corybas geminigibbus, C. himalaicus, and C. shanlinshiensis, from their natural habitats by using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region. We found that fungal colonization was restricted in the rhizomes of the helmet-orchids instead of their tuberoids, and serendipitoid fungi were predominant, while tulasnelloid were absent in the three investigated Corybas species regardless of their altitude. The three Corybas species shared 27 serendipitoid operational taxonomic units that are different to those of their related orchids, the genera of Cyrtostylis and Stigmatodactylus. Corybas shanlinshiensis alone had a range of ectomycorrhizal fungi (mainly russuloid and thelephoroid) broader than C. himalaicus and C. geminigibbus. Our study provides new information about terrestrial orchid–fungi associations and may further contribute to orchid conservation.
{"title":"Three helmet-orchid species share abundant fungi of Serendipitaceae regardless of altitude","authors":"Jiao Qin, Zhou-Dong Han, You Wu, Hong Wang, Shi-Bao Zhang","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Botany, Ahead of Print. <br/> The tiny terrestrial orchids (plant height less than 8 cm) in the genus Corybas dependent on mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) partners for seed germination and seedling development. The OMF community of the Corybas remains poorly understood, although the relevant knowledge is very important for in situ and ex situ conservation of these orchids. In this study, we characterized OMF richness and compositions of three helmet-orchid species, i.e., Corybas geminigibbus, C. himalaicus, and C. shanlinshiensis, from their natural habitats by using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region. We found that fungal colonization was restricted in the rhizomes of the helmet-orchids instead of their tuberoids, and serendipitoid fungi were predominant, while tulasnelloid were absent in the three investigated Corybas species regardless of their altitude. The three Corybas species shared 27 serendipitoid operational taxonomic units that are different to those of their related orchids, the genera of Cyrtostylis and Stigmatodactylus. Corybas shanlinshiensis alone had a range of ectomycorrhizal fungi (mainly russuloid and thelephoroid) broader than C. himalaicus and C. geminigibbus. Our study provides new information about terrestrial orchid–fungi associations and may further contribute to orchid conservation.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botany, Ahead of Print. Associations between bryophytes and dinitrogen (N2)-fixing bacteria are a significant source of exogenous N in unmanaged boreal and possibly temperate ecosystems. However, the extent to which biological N2-fixation (BNF) applies to the boreal–temperate ecotone remains elusive. The current focus on common species limits our understanding of BNF at the community level. Our objective was to characterize the presence of cyanobacteria and BNF activity associated with bryophytes in the coastal forests of Fundy National Park (New Brunswick, Canada). In 2021, we harvested three liverwort and 11 moss species from two sites (71 samples) and measured environmental covariates (e.g., canopy composition and soil pH). We used stable isotope incubations with 15N2 gas in growth chambers to quantify potential BNF activity and used phycocyanin extractions as a cyanobacteria abundance proxy. Many species presented detectable BNF rates, which were similar to or higher than those of well-studied feather mosses. These included species that have rarely been found to contribute to BNF. While cyanobacteria were present on most samples, we found no positive association between abundance and BNF. Our findings are among the first records for bryophyte-associated BNF in the boreal–temperate ecotone of eastern Canada and offer insights into the potential role of this process in N cycling in coastal conifer-dominated forests.
{"title":"First evidence of nitrogen fixation associated with bryophytes from coastal Wabanaki–Acadian forests","authors":"Mélanie Jean, Jean-Philippe Bellenger","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Botany, Ahead of Print. <br/> Associations between bryophytes and dinitrogen (N2)-fixing bacteria are a significant source of exogenous N in unmanaged boreal and possibly temperate ecosystems. However, the extent to which biological N2-fixation (BNF) applies to the boreal–temperate ecotone remains elusive. The current focus on common species limits our understanding of BNF at the community level. Our objective was to characterize the presence of cyanobacteria and BNF activity associated with bryophytes in the coastal forests of Fundy National Park (New Brunswick, Canada). In 2021, we harvested three liverwort and 11 moss species from two sites (71 samples) and measured environmental covariates (e.g., canopy composition and soil pH). We used stable isotope incubations with 15N2 gas in growth chambers to quantify potential BNF activity and used phycocyanin extractions as a cyanobacteria abundance proxy. Many species presented detectable BNF rates, which were similar to or higher than those of well-studied feather mosses. These included species that have rarely been found to contribute to BNF. While cyanobacteria were present on most samples, we found no positive association between abundance and BNF. Our findings are among the first records for bryophyte-associated BNF in the boreal–temperate ecotone of eastern Canada and offer insights into the potential role of this process in N cycling in coastal conifer-dominated forests.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassandra D.V. Bradshaw, Diana M. Percy, Vanessa Thomas-Williams, Rebecca Cairns-Wicks, Alan Gray, Quentin C. B. Cronk
Carex dianae Steud. is an endemic sedge of St Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic. Our study provides the first molecular sequence data for this taxon. We generated sequence data for plastid matK and trnK regions and nuclear ITS and ETS regions to determine the placement of C. dianae in the broader Carex phylogeny. The placement of C. dianae falls within Carex sect. Spirostachyae Drejer, and it is sister to a clade including Carex clavata Thunb., Carex aethiopica Schkuhr (both from the Cape region of S. Africa), and Carex gunniana Boott (southern Australia). The existence of three divergent nucleotype groups and two plastotypes is revealed from genetic variation within C. dianae. The results suggest that the ancestor of C. dianae likely originated in the Cape region of South Africa, followed by transoceanic dispersal to St Helena estimated at 4.4 - 4.9 Mya, likely by a bird vector. The most divergent population is that on an isolated hill known as “The Barn” which may represent a distinct taxon. The existence of highly structured molecular variation within an island only 16 km long is discussed.
{"title":"Phylogenetic placement of Carex dianae Steud., a sedge endemic to the South Atlantic island of St Helena","authors":"Cassandra D.V. Bradshaw, Diana M. Percy, Vanessa Thomas-Williams, Rebecca Cairns-Wicks, Alan Gray, Quentin C. B. Cronk","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0147","url":null,"abstract":"Carex dianae Steud. is an endemic sedge of St Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic. Our study provides the first molecular sequence data for this taxon. We generated sequence data for plastid matK and trnK regions and nuclear ITS and ETS regions to determine the placement of C. dianae in the broader Carex phylogeny. The placement of C. dianae falls within Carex sect. Spirostachyae Drejer, and it is sister to a clade including Carex clavata Thunb., Carex aethiopica Schkuhr (both from the Cape region of S. Africa), and Carex gunniana Boott (southern Australia). The existence of three divergent nucleotype groups and two plastotypes is revealed from genetic variation within C. dianae. The results suggest that the ancestor of C. dianae likely originated in the Cape region of South Africa, followed by transoceanic dispersal to St Helena estimated at 4.4 - 4.9 Mya, likely by a bird vector. The most divergent population is that on an isolated hill known as “The Barn” which may represent a distinct taxon. The existence of highly structured molecular variation within an island only 16 km long is discussed.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crassocephalum rubens, an herb with potential anticancer properties, encounters challenges in production efficiency due to small seed size and elevated temperatures in cultivation areas. Our study investigates the effects of seed pelleting and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on germination and seedling growth across temperature variations in Taiwan. Pelleted seeds demonstrate superior germination percentages, linked to enhanced seed quality. Elevated temperature, particularly at 30/25°C, enhanced germination performance, with the highest final germination percentage observed in pelleted seeds treated with water. Unexpectedly, PGPB strains – Klebsiella sp. KsGRB10 and Bacillus sp. BsGFB04 – exhibited limited impact on germination rates, showing a marginal increase in seedling growth under 25/20°C and 30/25°C, respectively. Air temperature fluctuations influenced seedling vigor, leaf color, and physiological parameters. Remarkably, inoculation with BsGFB04 and KsGRB10 enhanced C. rubens’ tolerance to high-temperature stress conditions. Diurnal measurements in week 4, under 25/20°C, reveal that PGPB inoculation decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate while maintaining the quantum yield of PSII, indicating potentially improved water-use efficiency. This study provides crucial insights into the interplay among PGPB, environmental stress, and the physiology of a wild species, paving the way for further research in the domestication of C. rubens for medicinal herb mass production.
{"title":"The Effects of Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Crassocephalum rubens","authors":"Jr-Chi Ou, Yu-Heng Lin, Hyungmin Rho","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Crassocephalum rubens, an herb with potential anticancer properties, encounters challenges in production efficiency due to small seed size and elevated temperatures in cultivation areas. Our study investigates the effects of seed pelleting and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on germination and seedling growth across temperature variations in Taiwan. Pelleted seeds demonstrate superior germination percentages, linked to enhanced seed quality. Elevated temperature, particularly at 30/25°C, enhanced germination performance, with the highest final germination percentage observed in pelleted seeds treated with water. Unexpectedly, PGPB strains – Klebsiella sp. KsGRB10 and Bacillus sp. BsGFB04 – exhibited limited impact on germination rates, showing a marginal increase in seedling growth under 25/20°C and 30/25°C, respectively. Air temperature fluctuations influenced seedling vigor, leaf color, and physiological parameters. Remarkably, inoculation with BsGFB04 and KsGRB10 enhanced C. rubens’ tolerance to high-temperature stress conditions. Diurnal measurements in week 4, under 25/20°C, reveal that PGPB inoculation decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate while maintaining the quantum yield of PSII, indicating potentially improved water-use efficiency. This study provides crucial insights into the interplay among PGPB, environmental stress, and the physiology of a wild species, paving the way for further research in the domestication of C. rubens for medicinal herb mass production.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. de Carvalho, Gleisson de O. Nascimento, Andreia Varmes Fernandes, Elmer V. Gonçalves, Pedro Paulo dos Santos, Alberdan S. Santos, José Francisco de C. Gonçalves
A physiological and metabolic database for various species of Amazonian plants is crucial to the species selection and sustainable utilization of their diversity. We hypothesized that understanding the mobilization of Carapa seed reserves and water uptake during germination could provide insights into the physiological behavior and propagation to differentiate species of the same genus. Given this, the mobilization mechanisms of primary reserves, water uptake, and enzymatic activities in seeds of two species of Carapa (C. guianensis and C. vasquezii) were investigated. The lipid content was high in both species, with a value of 63.7±4.7% for C. guianensis and 55±1.5% for C. vasquezii. C. guianensis showed higher values for the other evaluated reserves. The protein profile highlights a band between 15 and 25 kDa in C. guianensis. As for the enzymatic activities investigated (lipase, amylase, protease, acid phosphatase), C. guianensis showed greater activity for most of them, except for acid phosphatase. Overall, the species showed different metabolic strategies and dynamics regarding the water uptake and use of reserves. Our findings indicate that distinct metabolic pathways are employed during the germination and initial seedling growth stages of two Carapa species. This trait can potentially guide the use and preservation of these species.
{"title":"Understanding the role of storage reserve mobilization during seed germination and initial seedling growth in species of the genus Carapa","authors":"J. C. de Carvalho, Gleisson de O. Nascimento, Andreia Varmes Fernandes, Elmer V. Gonçalves, Pedro Paulo dos Santos, Alberdan S. Santos, José Francisco de C. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0120","url":null,"abstract":"A physiological and metabolic database for various species of Amazonian plants is crucial to the species selection and sustainable utilization of their diversity. We hypothesized that understanding the mobilization of Carapa seed reserves and water uptake during germination could provide insights into the physiological behavior and propagation to differentiate species of the same genus. Given this, the mobilization mechanisms of primary reserves, water uptake, and enzymatic activities in seeds of two species of Carapa (C. guianensis and C. vasquezii) were investigated. The lipid content was high in both species, with a value of 63.7±4.7% for C. guianensis and 55±1.5% for C. vasquezii. C. guianensis showed higher values for the other evaluated reserves. The protein profile highlights a band between 15 and 25 kDa in C. guianensis. As for the enzymatic activities investigated (lipase, amylase, protease, acid phosphatase), C. guianensis showed greater activity for most of them, except for acid phosphatase. Overall, the species showed different metabolic strategies and dynamics regarding the water uptake and use of reserves. Our findings indicate that distinct metabolic pathways are employed during the germination and initial seedling growth stages of two Carapa species. This trait can potentially guide the use and preservation of these species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liette Vasseur, Shelley Hepworth, Christian Lacroix
Botany, Ahead of Print.
植物学》，提前印刷。
{"title":"Correction: Climate and nature crisis is also about the health of plants","authors":"Liette Vasseur, Shelley Hepworth, Christian Lacroix","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Botany, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathieu Vaillancourt, Catherine Čapkun-Huot, Samuel Jean-Jacques, Bérenger Bourgeois, Monique Poulin
Habitat loss and degradation is a leading cause of the current biodiversity crisis. In the lake Saint-Pierre floodplain, agricultural intensification has led to the loss of substantial spawning and rearing areas for the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Restoring perennial vegetation cover is key to ensure the persistence of the population, but the floodplain conditions limit our ability to do so. In this study, we tested the impact of companion plants (Avena sativa L., Lolium multiflorum L.) and sowing rate on the establishment success of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.; RCG) in year 2. RCG tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions and can provide the plant cover essential to the reproduction of yellow perch. We hypothesized that companion plants would reduce weed pressure and in turn improve RCG establishment, and that increasing the sowing rate would improve the establishment success. Contrary to our expectations, using companion plants generally reduced the cover and biomass of RCG. It also led to increased weed prevalence in most treatments. In addition, sowing at high rates did not impact RCG cover and biomass. Sowing RCG alone appears to be the most effective option to establish perennial vegetation supporting the recovery of the yellow perch population.
{"title":"Establishment of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) in the context of floodplain restoration: Impact of companion plant and sowing rate","authors":"Mathieu Vaillancourt, Catherine Čapkun-Huot, Samuel Jean-Jacques, Bérenger Bourgeois, Monique Poulin","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0163","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat loss and degradation is a leading cause of the current biodiversity crisis. In the lake Saint-Pierre floodplain, agricultural intensification has led to the loss of substantial spawning and rearing areas for the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Restoring perennial vegetation cover is key to ensure the persistence of the population, but the floodplain conditions limit our ability to do so. In this study, we tested the impact of companion plants (Avena sativa L., Lolium multiflorum L.) and sowing rate on the establishment success of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.; RCG) in year 2. RCG tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions and can provide the plant cover essential to the reproduction of yellow perch. We hypothesized that companion plants would reduce weed pressure and in turn improve RCG establishment, and that increasing the sowing rate would improve the establishment success. Contrary to our expectations, using companion plants generally reduced the cover and biomass of RCG. It also led to increased weed prevalence in most treatments. In addition, sowing at high rates did not impact RCG cover and biomass. Sowing RCG alone appears to be the most effective option to establish perennial vegetation supporting the recovery of the yellow perch population.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ongoing climate change is likely to put increased selection pressures on the phenology of plants, yet for many species their abilities to respond to environmental cues are unknown. The present research focuses on using herbarium specimens to examine how 14 native plant species in Alberta have adjusted or adapted to changes in temperature and precipitation over the past century. We specifically investigate the impact of flowering-time responses and determine: (1) if herbaria collections contain sufficient evidence of these phenological responses to climate in plant species in Alberta, and (2) if the responses are dependent on the typical moisture regime of their habitat. We compared plants from mesic and xeric habitats in terms of their phenological responses to air temperature and precipitation. In this study, the taxonomic relationships between the species were considered by selecting 14 species representing seven different angiosperm orders (one pair of species for each order). By collating data on the peak flowering date over the past century using preserved specimens, we found that on average, species from xeric habitats are more responsive to temperature, but not precipitation. This tendency might be explained by the thermal properties of mesic habitats, a finding that may lead to ways to predict the degree to which environmental cues will govern flowering.
{"title":"Flowering time responses to climate differ between species in mesic and xeric habitats in Alberta","authors":"Cassiano Porto, David Goldblum, J. Vamosi","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing climate change is likely to put increased selection pressures on the phenology of plants, yet for many species their abilities to respond to environmental cues are unknown. The present research focuses on using herbarium specimens to examine how 14 native plant species in Alberta have adjusted or adapted to changes in temperature and precipitation over the past century. We specifically investigate the impact of flowering-time responses and determine: (1) if herbaria collections contain sufficient evidence of these phenological responses to climate in plant species in Alberta, and (2) if the responses are dependent on the typical moisture regime of their habitat. We compared plants from mesic and xeric habitats in terms of their phenological responses to air temperature and precipitation. In this study, the taxonomic relationships between the species were considered by selecting 14 species representing seven different angiosperm orders (one pair of species for each order). By collating data on the peak flowering date over the past century using preserved specimens, we found that on average, species from xeric habitats are more responsive to temperature, but not precipitation. This tendency might be explained by the thermal properties of mesic habitats, a finding that may lead to ways to predict the degree to which environmental cues will govern flowering.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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