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Filling in the gaps: a road map to establish a model system to study developmental programmed cell death 填补空白:建立研究发育性程序性细胞死亡模型系统的路线图
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0110
Nathan M. Rowarth, Sophie B. Tattrie, Adrian N. Dauphinee, C. Lacroix, A. Gunawardena
Only a handful of model systems for studying programmed cell death (PCD) exist. The model Arabidopsis thaliana has generated a plethora of knowledge, but it is essential to introduce new models to broaden our understanding of the commonalities of PCD. This review focuses on Aponogeton madagascariensis (the lace plant) as a choice model to study PCD in vivo. PCD plays a key role in plant development and defence. Thus, identifying key regulators across plants is a priority in the field. The formation of perforations in lace plant leaves in areas called areoles is a striking example of PCD. Cells undergoing PCD within areoles can be easily identified from a loss of their anthocyanin pigmentation. In contrast, cells adjacent to veins, non-PCD cells, retain anthocyanins, creating a gradient of cell death. The spatiotemporal pattern of perforation formation, a gradient of cell death within areoles, and the availability of axenic cultures provide an excellent in vivo system to study mechanisms of developmental PCD. The priorities to further develop this model involve sequencing the genome, establishing transformation protocols, and identifying anthocyanin species to determine their medicinal properties. We discuss practical methodologies and challenges associated with developing the lace plant as a model to study PCD.
只有少数几个用于研究程序性细胞死亡(PCD)的模型系统存在。拟南芥模型已经产生了大量的知识,但引入新的模型来拓宽我们对PCD共性的理解是至关重要的。这篇综述的重点是马达加斯加Aponogeton madagascarensis(花边植物)作为体内研究PCD的选择模型。PCD在植物发育和防御中起着关键作用。因此,确定各工厂的关键监管机构是该领域的优先事项。花边植物叶片在称为乳晕的区域形成穿孔是PCD的一个显著例子。乳晕内经历PCD的细胞可以很容易地从其花青素色素沉着的损失中识别出来。相反,与静脉相邻的细胞,非PCD细胞,保留花青素,产生细胞死亡的梯度。穿孔形成的时空模式、乳晕内细胞死亡的梯度以及无菌培养物的可用性为研究发育PCD的机制提供了一个极好的体内系统。进一步开发该模型的优先事项包括基因组测序、建立转化方案和鉴定花青素物种以确定其药用特性。我们讨论了与开发花边植物作为PCD研究模型相关的实用方法和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding bud rot development, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions 了解在温室条件下种植的大麻(cannabis sativa L.)植物上由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引起的芽腐病发育
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0139
Mohannad Mahmoud, Ines BenRejeb, Z. Punja, Liam Buirs, S. Jabaji
Botrytis cinerea is a widespread necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes diseases on >1000 plant species, including vegetables and ornamental greenhouse crops. On cannabis ( Cannabis sativ a L.), the pathogen is responsible for causing “bud rot”, a major disease affecting the inflorescences (compound flowers), as well as seedling damping-off and leaf blight under certain conditions. During greenhouse cultivation, Botrytis cinerea can destroy cannabis inflorescences rapidly under optimal relative humidity conditions (>70%) and moderate temperatures (17–24 °C). Little is currently known about the host–pathogen interactions of Botrytis cinerea on cannabis. Information gleaned from other hosts can provide valuable insights for comparative purposes to understand disease development, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea on cannabis crops. This review describes the pathogenesis and host responses to Botrytis infection and assesses potential mechanisms involved in disease resistance. The effects of microclimatic and other environmental conditions on disease development, strategies for early disease detection using prediction models, and the application of biological control agents that can prevent Botrytis cinerea development on cannabis are discussed. Other potential disease management approaches to reduce the impact of Botrytis bud rot are also reviewed. Numerous opportunities for conducting additional research to better understand the cannabis– Botrytis cinerea interaction are identified.
灰霉病菌是一种广泛存在的坏死性植物病原体,可引起包括蔬菜和观赏温室作物在内的近1000种植物的疾病。在大麻(大麻sativ a L.)上,病原体负责引起“芽腐病”,这是一种影响花序(复合花)的主要疾病,在某些条件下还会导致幼苗枯萎和叶枯病。在大棚栽培过程中,在适宜的相对湿度条件下(约70%)和适宜的温度条件下(17-24℃),灰葡萄孢菌可以迅速破坏大麻的花序。目前对大麻上灰霉病菌的宿主-病原体相互作用知之甚少。从其他宿主收集的信息可以为比较目的提供有价值的见解,以了解大麻作物上葡萄孢菌的疾病发展,流行病学和致病性。本文综述了葡萄孢菌的发病机制和宿主对葡萄孢菌感染的反应,并对其抗病机制进行了评估。讨论了小气候和其他环境条件对疾病发展的影响,利用预测模型进行早期疾病检测的策略,以及可以防止灰葡萄孢菌在大麻上发展的生物防治剂的应用。其他潜在的疾病管理方法,以减少芽腐病的影响也进行了综述。许多机会进行额外的研究,以更好地了解大麻-葡萄孢菌的相互作用被确定。
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引用次数: 2
Untargeted and targeted metabolomics to understand plant growth regulation and evolution in Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis) 了解Wollemi pine(Wollemia nobilis)植物生长调控和进化的非靶向和靶向代谢组学
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0017
Ryland T. Giebelhaus, L. Biggs, S. Murch, Lauren A. E. Erland
Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis (Jones, Hill, Allen)) is a living fossil, known only through fossil records until its 1994 discovery in Australia. Wollemi Pine is closely related to Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco) making it an interesting system to study metabolic evolution. We employed untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS) metabolomics, with chemometrics, pathway analysis, and our novel plant growth regulator (PGR) putative identification tool (HormonomicsDB) to explore the metabolomes of both species. We identified PGR conjugates, and found cytokinin, zeatin, and brassinosteroid pathways to be overrepresented in Wollemi Pine tissues, suggesting these PGRs play an important role in it’s survival. Melatonin, a proposed ancient and stress-related PGR was not identified in untargeted analysis of either species. Based on our untargeted results we employed targeted LC-MS to quantify brassinolide and confirm the absence or presence of melatonin in Wollemi and Norfolk Island pine. Both species had similar concentrations of brassinolide. While Wollemi Pine had significantly higher melatonin levels than Norfolk Island. High levels of melatonin and brassinolide in Wollemin pine supports the hypothesis that these are ancient PGRs that conferred an evolutionary advantage in Wollemi, allowing it to persist.
Wollemi Pine(Wollemia nobilis(Jones,Hill,Allen))是一种活化石,直到1994年在澳大利亚发现为止,只有通过化石记录才能知道。Wollemi Pine与诺福克岛松(Araucaria heterophylla(Salisb.)Franco)亲缘关系密切,是研究代谢进化的一个有趣的系统。我们采用基于非靶向液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)的代谢组学、化学计学、途径分析和我们新的植物生长调节剂(PGR)推定鉴定工具(HormonomicsDB)来探索这两个物种的代谢组。我们鉴定了PGR偶联物,并发现细胞分裂素、玉米素和油菜素甾体途径在Wollemi Pine组织中过度表达,表明这些PGR在其生存中发挥着重要作用。褪黑激素是一种古老的、与压力相关的PGR,在对这两个物种的非靶向分析中都没有发现。基于我们的非靶向结果,我们使用靶向LC-MS来定量芸苔素内酯,并确认Wollemi和Norfolk Island松树中是否存在褪黑素。两种油菜素内酯的浓度相似。而Wollemi Pine的褪黑激素水平明显高于诺福克岛。Wollemin松中高水平的褪黑激素和芸苔素内酯支持了这样一种假设,即这些是古老的PGR,赋予了Wollemi进化优势,使其能够持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
The post-fire shift of temperate white pine-birch forest to boreal balsam fir forest in eastern Canada: climate-fire implications 加拿大东部温带白松-桦树林向北方香脂冷杉林的火灾后转变:气候火灾影响
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0036
S. Payette, M. Frégeau, P. Couillard, Jason Laflamme
11Extensive 14C dating and botanical identification of charcoal fragments located in the 12 organic soil surface and buried in the mineral podzolic solum were used to reconstruct the 13 successional pathways of a balsam fir forest site. The studied forest site developed in a 14context of continuous fire disturbance over the last 9000 years with at least 26 fires 15 occurring at a mean interval of 330 years. Tree vegetation of the site followed a four-step 16 trajectory consisting of an early-Holocene spruce forest and a late-Holocene mixedwood 17 balsam fir forest. Boreal-like spruce-birch and temperate-like white pine-birch forests 18dominated the site between 7900-5900 cal. BP and 5600-1275 cal. BP, respectively.19because all forest types developed repeatedly after fire since early deglaciation, changes 20 in forest composition, in particular the shift of white pine forest to balsam fir forest, and 21 concurrent decline of birch (yellow birch and/or paper birch) and pine populations, were 22 most likely related to progressive cooler and wetter conditions from mid- to late23Holocene. Fire disturbance on this part of the southern boreal biome has been a24continuous, positive regenerative process over the Holocene allowing the successional
11对位于12有机土壤表面并埋在矿物灰化土中的木炭碎片进行了广泛的14C定年和植物学鉴定,以重建香脂冷杉林的13条演替路径。所研究的森林场地是在过去9000年中持续火灾干扰的背景下发展起来的,平均间隔330年至少发生26次火灾。该场地的树木植被遵循四步16轨迹,包括全新世早期的云杉林和全新世晚期的混合木17香脂冷杉林。在7900-5900 cal.BP和5600-1275 cal.BP之间,北方类云杉-桦树和温带类白松-桦树林18分别占据了该地区的主导地位。19由于自早期冰消以来,所有森林类型都在火灾后反复发展,森林组成发生了20变化,特别是白松林向香脂冷杉林的转变,以及21桦树(黄桦树和/或纸桦树)和松树种群的同时减少,22最有可能与全新世中期至晚期逐渐变冷和变湿的条件有关23。北方南部生物群落这一部分的火灾扰动在全新世是一个持续的、积极的再生过程
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引用次数: 2
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE (CARYOCARACEAE) IN PRESERVED AND DEGRADED CERRADO AREAS IN BRAZIL 巴西塞拉多保存区和退化区核桃科植物的生殖生物学研究
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0132
Stéphanie Queiroz Roque, L. Falcão, A. Rech, J. Silva, P. S. Oliveira, Kleiperry Freitas Ferreira, M. M. do Espírito Santo
This study aimed to characterize the reproductive system and determine the importance of pollinators for fruit production of C. brasiliense, an economically important tree, in preserved and degraded Cerrado areas in southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, we performed pollinator exclusion experiments to determine the frequency of self- and cross-pollination, and to determine fruit set. In general, fruit set was extremely low: only 2.92% and 2.71% of the flowers developed into fruits in the degraded and preserved areas, respectively. Fruit set by manual cross-pollination and natural (open) pollination were higher than self-pollination in both areas. Pollen deposition was significantly higher at night and in the preserved area, although a relatively high amount of pollen grains found in the stigmas during the day. The number of ripened and aborted seeds did not differ among areas, but fruits and seeds were heavier in the degraded area than in the preserved area. The abortion level was very high (64.5%), which may be related to low pollen quality due to selfing. Our study presents evidence that Cerrado degradation affects the reproductive biology of C. brasiliense, but whether such effect is a consequence of pollinator decline in degraded areas remains to be determined.
本研究旨在描述巴西东南部塞拉多保护区和退化区的繁殖系统,并确定传粉昆虫对巴西棕榈树果实生产的重要性。巴西棕榈树是一种经济上重要的树木。为此,我们进行了传粉昆虫排除实验,以确定自花授粉和异花授粉的频率,并确定坐果。总的来说,坐果率极低:在退化和保存区,分别只有2.92%和2.71%的花发育成果实。人工异花授粉和自然(开放)授粉的结实率均高于自花授粉。花粉沉积在夜间和保存区明显较高,尽管白天在柱头中发现了相对较多的花粉粒。不同地区成熟和败育的种子数量没有差异,但退化地区的果实和种子比保存地区重。败育率很高(64.5%),这可能与自拍导致花粉质量低下有关。我们的研究表明,塞拉多的退化影响了巴西锥虫的繁殖生物学,但这种影响是否是退化地区传粉昆虫减少的结果还有待确定。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of industrial disturbances on the flavonoid concentration of Rhododendron groenlandicum 工业干扰对杜鹃类黄酮浓度的影响
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0136
M. Thomas, M. Lamara, Hugo Asselin, N. Fenton
The boreal forest is subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, including logging, mining, and hydroelectricity production and transport. These disturbances affect Indigenous communities and the culturally salient species they depend on for the practice of traditional and subsistence activities. Rhododendron groenlandicum is one such species whose leaves are used to treat various ailments, due to their concentration in biologically active chemicals such as flavonoids. Our objective was to assess the effect of anthropogenic disturbances on the chemical properties of R. groenlandicum on the territories of three Indigenous communities. Leaf samples were collected near mines, under hydroelectric power lines, and in non-disturbed sites. Our results showed that variations in flavonoid concentration were mainly related to territory (R² = 0.43, P = 0.0005), while disturbance type had a smaller effect (R² = 0.18, P = 0.02). Samples from Nemaska, the northernmost territory with the most open forest stands, had higher concentrations of epicatechin (+23%, P = 0.03). Quercetin-3-glucoside concentrations were lower near mines (-19%, P = 0.01). The effects of disturbances on the chemical signature of R. groenlandicum are complex, and a complete assessment of the consequence of industrial activity on Indigenous landscape value must take into account other culturally salient species.
北方森林受到各种人为干扰,包括伐木、采矿、水力发电和运输。这些骚乱影响到土著社区和他们从事传统和生计活动所依赖的文化上突出的物种。groenlandicum杜鹃就是这样一个物种,其叶子被用于治疗各种疾病,因为它们富含黄酮类等生物活性化学物质。我们的目标是评估人为干扰对三个土著社区领土上R.groenlandicum化学性质的影响。在矿山附近、水力发电线路下和未受干扰的地点采集了树叶样本。我们的结果表明,类黄酮浓度的变化主要与地区有关(R²=0.43,P=0.0005),而干扰类型的影响较小(R²=0.018,P=0.02),具有较高的表儿茶素浓度(+23%,P=0.03)。槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷在矿山附近的浓度较低(-19%,P=0.01)。干扰对groenlandicum化学特征的影响是复杂的,对工业活动对土著景观价值的影响的全面评估必须考虑到其他文化显著物种。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic description of critical cannabinoid biosynthesis genes 大麻素生物合成关键基因的基因组描述
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0140
Peter A. Innes, D. Vergara
Cannabinoid production is a key attribute of the plant Cannabis sativa and characterizing the genes involved is an essential first step to develop tools for their optimization. We used bioinformatic approaches to annotate and explore variation in the genes coding for enzymes comprising the cannabinoid pathway: olivetol synthase (OLS), olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), cannabigerolic acid synthase (CBGAS), and the cannabinoid oxidocyclases (THCAS, CBDAS, CBCAS) in multiple C. sativa genome assemblies from diverse lineages. The former three enzymes generate the precursor molecules for the oxidocyclases to produce cannabinoids THC and CBD. We show that duplications of OLS and OAC are consistent across varieties, and that OAC has the least amount of sequence diversity based on phylogenetic comparisons. We also found that one CBGAS-like gene exhibits copy number variation among varieties. We discuss implications of these genes existing on separate chromosomes (with homologs of each found in close proximity), and the significance of CBGAS being located on the X chromosome for cannabinoid production in female plants. This study provides valuable insight on the genomic identity and variation of cannabinoid biosynthesis genes that will benefit future research on the origin and evolution of this pathway, a driver of economic, social, and medicinal value.
大麻素生产是植物大麻的一个关键属性,表征所涉及的基因是开发优化工具必不可少的第一步。我们使用生物信息学方法来注释和探索大麻素途径中组成酶的基因编码的变化:来自不同谱系的多个大麻素基因组组装中的橄榄醇合成酶(OLS)、橄榄酸环化酶(OAC)、大麻酚酸合成酶(CBGAS)和大麻素氧化环化酶(THCAS、CBDAS、CBCAS)。前三种酶产生氧化环化酶的前体分子,以产生大麻素四氢大麻酚和CBD。结果表明,在不同品种中,OLS和OAC的重复序列是一致的,而基于系统发育比较,OAC的序列多样性最少。我们还发现一个cbgas样基因在品种间表现出拷贝数变异。我们讨论了这些基因存在于单独的染色体上的含义(每个染色体的同源物都很接近),以及CBGAS位于X染色体上对雌性植物大麻素产生的意义。这项研究为大麻素生物合成基因的基因组特征和变异提供了有价值的见解,这将有利于未来对这一途径的起源和进化的研究,这是经济、社会和医学价值的驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
The woody plant Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) provides new insights into the self-thinning relationship and size inequality with wind erosion stress 木本植物梭梭(C.A.Mey.)为研究风蚀胁迫下的自疏关系和大小不平等提供了新的见解
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0123
Yanxia Li, Enbo Liu, K. Mi, Yuyang Song
The self-thinning process and size inequality of plants change with age and wind erosion stress conditions. In this study, we used Haloxylon ammodendron shrubs in their juvenile stage (1–6 years) were the study subjects. Their density, height, and survival were investigated. The relationship between the mean and variation in the densities was calculated using Taylor’s power law, and the change laws of the density clustering state were analyzed. Additionally, changes in size inequality and the self-thinning process were examined. The results indicated that under the same wind erosion stress, the self-thinning slope was positive (P < 0.05); the shrub density aggregation of H. ammodendron became denser with increasing wind erosion stress. The size inequality first increased and then decreased as the developing stage progressed. Under the same stress, the competition index increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing stress. We demonstrated that under a harsher microenvironment for plant growth, plants clustering and growth increased facilitation, resulting in a shift in the net effect of the positive and negative interactions between individuals. Furthermore, the results revealed that as age increased, the size inequality was left-skewed.
植物的自疏过程和大小不等随树龄和风蚀胁迫条件的变化而变化。本研究以梭梭灌木幼树期(1 ~ 6年)为研究对象。研究了它们的密度、高度和存活率。利用泰勒幂定律计算了密度均值与密度变化的关系,分析了密度聚类状态的变化规律。此外,还研究了尺寸不均匀的变化和自薄过程。结果表明:在相同风蚀应力下,自疏坡为正(P < 0.05);梭梭灌丛密度聚集随着风蚀胁迫的增加而增大。随着发育阶段的推进,大小不平等先增大后减小。在相同的应激条件下,竞争指数随年龄的增加而增加,随应激的增加而降低。研究表明,在较恶劣的植物生长微环境下,植物聚集和生长的便利性增加,导致个体之间积极和消极相互作用的净效应发生变化。此外,结果显示,随着年龄的增长,大小不平等是左偏的。
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引用次数: 0
Butterfly Blues: Population Genetic Assessment of Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) in Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly Habitat around Central-West Michigan 蝴蝶蓝:密歇根州中西部濒临灭绝的卡纳蓝蝶栖息地野生羽扇豆的种群遗传评估
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2022-0107
C. Partridge, Priscilla A. Nyamai, A. Hoskins, Syndell R. Parks
Habitat degradation can have significant effects on native species inhabiting natural ecosystems. Within oak barrens and oak-pine barrens ecosystems, there is a complex interspecies interaction between the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and its obligate host plant, wild lupine (Lupinus perennis L.). Recruitment of wild lupine is critical for maintaining butterfly populations; however, this recruitment can be impeded by habitat fragmentation. Reduced recruitment can result in low genetic diversity in isolated populations, limiting its adaptive potential to respond to environmental change. This study was aimed at understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of wild lupine populations throughout central and west Michigan. We identified significant population structure across most of the populations sampled, with only two sites not significantly different from each other. No sites within our study area displayed statistically significant levels of inbreeding. There are also at least two genetic clusters of wild lupine present within our study region, although there is significant overlap among these groups, indicating that genetic differentiation among clusters may be limited.
生境退化会对自然生态系统中的本地物种产生重大影响。在橡树和橡树松林的生态系统中,联邦濒危物种卡纳蓝蝶(Lycaeides melissa samuelis)与其寄主植物野生羽扇豆(Lupinus perennis L.)之间存在复杂的种间相互作用。招募野生羽扇豆对维持蝴蝶种群至关重要;然而,栖息地破碎化会阻碍这种补充。招募减少会导致孤立种群的遗传多样性降低,限制其对环境变化的适应潜力。本研究旨在了解密歇根州中部和西部野生羽扇豆群体的遗传多样性和群体结构。我们在大多数取样的种群中发现了显著的种群结构,只有两个站点彼此之间没有显著差异。在我们的研究区域内没有站点显示出统计上显著的近交水平。在我们的研究区域内还存在至少两个野生羽扇豆遗传集群,尽管这些群体之间存在显著的重叠,表明集群之间的遗传分化可能有限。
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引用次数: 1
Avian gut passage reduces the germination light-response of Pokeweed (Phytolaca americana) 鸟类肠道通过降低了Pokeweed(Phytolaca americana)的发芽光反应
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0003
D. Matlaga, Julia Baringer, Maggie Ritchey
It has been shown that passage through a bird's gut has the potential to alter seed germinability (overall percent germination) and the timing of germination. However, little is known about the potential of avian gut passage to alter the germination response of seeds to abiotic gradients, such as light availability. Specifically, it is unclear if gut-passage makes seeds more or less sensitive to variability in light. We addressed this issue using a growth chamber experiment where the germination rate of both gut-passed and control (de-pulped) seeds of the understory herb Phytolaca americana (Pokeweed) were compared across three light levels. Both avian gut-passage and light increased germination rate. Additionally, it was found that gut-passage and light interacted to influence the germination rate, such that gut-passed seeds showed no response to light and control seeds had a strong, positive light response. Results from this experiment suggest that avian gut-passage has the potential to reduce seed’s sensitivity to light, which could play a role in the recruitment of avian-dispersed plant populations across variable light environments.
研究表明,通过鸟类肠道有可能改变种子的发芽率(总发芽率)和发芽时间。然而,人们对鸟类肠道通道改变种子对非生物梯度(如光照可用性)的发芽反应的潜力知之甚少。具体来说,目前尚不清楚肠道通道是否会使种子对光照的可变性或多或少敏感。我们使用生长室实验解决了这个问题,在该实验中,在三个光照水平下比较了林下草本植物美洲植物(Pokeweed)的肠道通过种子和对照(去浆)种子的发芽率。鸟类的肠道通道和光照都提高了发芽率。此外,研究发现,肠道通过和光照相互作用会影响发芽率,因此肠道通过的种子对光照没有反应,而对照种子对光有强烈的积极反应。该实验的结果表明,鸟类的肠道通道有可能降低种子对光的敏感性,这可能在鸟类分散的植物种群在不同光照环境中的招募中发挥作用。
{"title":"Avian gut passage reduces the germination light-response of Pokeweed (Phytolaca americana)","authors":"D. Matlaga, Julia Baringer, Maggie Ritchey","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that passage through a bird's gut has the potential to alter seed germinability (overall percent germination) and the timing of germination. However, little is known about the potential of avian gut passage to alter the germination response of seeds to abiotic gradients, such as light availability. Specifically, it is unclear if gut-passage makes seeds more or less sensitive to variability in light. We addressed this issue using a growth chamber experiment where the germination rate of both gut-passed and control (de-pulped) seeds of the understory herb Phytolaca americana (Pokeweed) were compared across three light levels. Both avian gut-passage and light increased germination rate. Additionally, it was found that gut-passage and light interacted to influence the germination rate, such that gut-passed seeds showed no response to light and control seeds had a strong, positive light response. Results from this experiment suggest that avian gut-passage has the potential to reduce seed’s sensitivity to light, which could play a role in the recruitment of avian-dispersed plant populations across variable light environments.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47926892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Botany
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