Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest cultivated crops, used for its fiber and medicinal properties. The cannabis plant synthesizes a myriad of secondary metabolites, but the most valuable products from a medical and commercial standpoint are cannabinoids. Despite significant advances in elucidating the biochemistry and genetics that govern cannabinoid accumulation, we still do not have conclusive evidence for the role of these secondary metabolites in the physiology of C. sativa. In line with known functions of other secondary metabolites, the protective functions of cannabinoids against temperature stress, poor micronutrient soil content, drought, UV-B radiation, and as anti-microbial agents have been suggested, but are yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Recent research suggests that the environment has a major effect on cannabis growth and productivity, but the relationship between stress, cannabinoid accumulation, and plant health is complex. Here, we summarize the current insights on how abiotic and biotic stress affect C. sativa biology. We also examine the available evidence to support the hypothesis for the protective function of cannabinoids against environmental stressors. Maintaining optimal growth and high cannabinoid synthesis is a balancing act, one that can only be achieved by better understanding of the effects on the environment on the cannabis plant.
{"title":"The responses of Cannabis sativa to environmental stress: a balancing act","authors":"Josephine E Payment, Marina Cvetkovska","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest cultivated crops, used for its fiber and medicinal properties. The cannabis plant synthesizes a myriad of secondary metabolites, but the most valuable products from a medical and commercial standpoint are cannabinoids. Despite significant advances in elucidating the biochemistry and genetics that govern cannabinoid accumulation, we still do not have conclusive evidence for the role of these secondary metabolites in the physiology of C. sativa. In line with known functions of other secondary metabolites, the protective functions of cannabinoids against temperature stress, poor micronutrient soil content, drought, UV-B radiation, and as anti-microbial agents have been suggested, but are yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Recent research suggests that the environment has a major effect on cannabis growth and productivity, but the relationship between stress, cannabinoid accumulation, and plant health is complex. Here, we summarize the current insights on how abiotic and biotic stress affect C. sativa biology. We also examine the available evidence to support the hypothesis for the protective function of cannabinoids against environmental stressors. Maintaining optimal growth and high cannabinoid synthesis is a balancing act, one that can only be achieved by better understanding of the effects on the environment on the cannabis plant.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43063214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nick Flanders, C. P. Randle, E. Walters, L. Musselman
Dispersal limitation and variation in habitat suitability may determine an association of American mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum, Viscaceae) with forested wetlands in Virginia and North Carolina, United States. Here we first tested the alternative hypothesis that variation in host availability drives this habitat relationship. We used a generalized linear model to show a positive effect of forested wetland habitat on American mistletoe occurrence after accounting for both variation in host availability and differences among regions in host use. We then used seed sowing experiments to quantify how light availability and flood regime determine viability of American mistletoe, allowing us to evaluate the potential for establishment limitation to determine this habitat relationship. Light availability predicted establishment rates but percent canopy openness did not predict seed germination rates. Thus, variation in the ability for American mistletoe to establish across forested habitat types with different local light availabilities is a potentially important mechanism in determining its distribution.
{"title":"Variation in establishment success for American mistletoe [Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst.] appears most likely to predict its distribution in Virginia and North Carolina, United States","authors":"Nick Flanders, C. P. Randle, E. Walters, L. Musselman","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersal limitation and variation in habitat suitability may determine an association of American mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum, Viscaceae) with forested wetlands in Virginia and North Carolina, United States. Here we first tested the alternative hypothesis that variation in host availability drives this habitat relationship. We used a generalized linear model to show a positive effect of forested wetland habitat on American mistletoe occurrence after accounting for both variation in host availability and differences among regions in host use. We then used seed sowing experiments to quantify how light availability and flood regime determine viability of American mistletoe, allowing us to evaluate the potential for establishment limitation to determine this habitat relationship. Light availability predicted establishment rates but percent canopy openness did not predict seed germination rates. Thus, variation in the ability for American mistletoe to establish across forested habitat types with different local light availabilities is a potentially important mechanism in determining its distribution.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46702567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.G. Menzies, D.L. Ehret, C. Koch, J.W. Hall, K.A. Seifert, J. Bissett, D.J.S. Barr
Botany, Ahead of Print.
《植物学》，先于印刷术。
{"title":"Correction: fungi associated with roots of cucumber grown in different greenhouse root substrates","authors":"J.G. Menzies, D.L. Ehret, C. Koch, J.W. Hall, K.A. Seifert, J. Bissett, D.J.S. Barr","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Botany, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yildiz, H. Altinok, M. Dikilitas, H. Günaçti, T. Ay
Bacterial speck Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) (Okabe) Young, Dye, & Wilkie is a widespread disease in tomato plants. Four plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains 5(3), 68(2), 36(1), and 47(3) played a significant role (50% and higher) in reducing spot disease severity. Selected strains were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis 5(3), Bacillus mycoides 68(2), Bacillus mojavensis 36(1), and Bacillus simplex 47(3) using the MALDI Biotyper classification system. In planta assay using tomato seedlings were inoculated with the bacterial strains alone or in dual combination. Pseudomonas koreensis 5(3) (51.9%–74.29%) and Bacillus mycoides 68(2) (36.70%–65.56%) both provided a significant reduction in foliar severity caused by bacterial speck disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye, & Wilkie. Bacillus simplex 47(3) and Bacillus mojavensis 36(1) were successful only in combined treatments. Defense enzymes Proline, Peroxidase, and Catalase were induced by PGPR strains in comparison with those of control plants. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and callose deposition were evident at reaction sites induced by PGPR strains. The accumulation of callose, H2O2, and high levels of defense enzymes via the treatment of PGPRs might play a significant role in a practical, safe, and effective way to control Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.
{"title":"Suppression of tomato bacterial speck disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye, & Wilkie) via induced systemic resistance by Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains","authors":"H. Yildiz, H. Altinok, M. Dikilitas, H. Günaçti, T. Ay","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial speck Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) (Okabe) Young, Dye, & Wilkie is a widespread disease in tomato plants. Four plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains 5(3), 68(2), 36(1), and 47(3) played a significant role (50% and higher) in reducing spot disease severity. Selected strains were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis 5(3), Bacillus mycoides 68(2), Bacillus mojavensis 36(1), and Bacillus simplex 47(3) using the MALDI Biotyper classification system. In planta assay using tomato seedlings were inoculated with the bacterial strains alone or in dual combination. Pseudomonas koreensis 5(3) (51.9%–74.29%) and Bacillus mycoides 68(2) (36.70%–65.56%) both provided a significant reduction in foliar severity caused by bacterial speck disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye, & Wilkie. Bacillus simplex 47(3) and Bacillus mojavensis 36(1) were successful only in combined treatments. Defense enzymes Proline, Peroxidase, and Catalase were induced by PGPR strains in comparison with those of control plants. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and callose deposition were evident at reaction sites induced by PGPR strains. The accumulation of callose, H2O2, and high levels of defense enzymes via the treatment of PGPRs might play a significant role in a practical, safe, and effective way to control Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldanelly Galicia-Pérez, J. Golubov, Gerardo Manzanarez-Villasana, Linda Mariana Martínez-Ramos, S. Arias, J. Márquez-Guzmán, M. Mandujano
Correct species identification is critical for studies on biodiversity, ecology, and conservation. Determining Opuntia s.s. species is difficult because they have similar traits and are phenotypically plastic. Taxonomic keys are based on vegetative traits, rather than reproductive ones such as flowers, because they are assumed to be too similar. We analyzed morphometric characteristics of flowers and cladodes over 6 years to determine which of these is most useful for differentiating Opuntia species from the Chihuahuan Desert. For each species (Opuntia robusta, O. cantabrigiensis, O. tomentosa, and O. streptacantha),we tagged 20 hermaphroditic and 40 dioecious plants (totaling 100) from 2014-2020, to complete the sample size of flowers and cladodes. Seventeen morphometric characters were measured for new cladodes and 15 for flowers, and discriminant analysis was applied to determine which traits enabled species delimitation. Six of the 17 cladode characteristics combined explained 89% of the variation, while nine floral characteristics combined explained 94% of the variation. Floral morphometrics proved to be very useful to accurately differentiate species and should be included, in addition to cladodes, in future taxonomic studies. Here, we provide the first taxonomic key that includes floral traits to identify Opuntia and a new description of each studied species.
{"title":"COMPLEX TAXONOMY IN OPUNTIOIDEAE: IS FLORAL MORPHOMETRY ESSENTIAL TO IDENTIFY OPUNTIA SPECIES?","authors":"Aldanelly Galicia-Pérez, J. Golubov, Gerardo Manzanarez-Villasana, Linda Mariana Martínez-Ramos, S. Arias, J. Márquez-Guzmán, M. Mandujano","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0133","url":null,"abstract":"Correct species identification is critical for studies on biodiversity, ecology, and conservation. Determining Opuntia s.s. species is difficult because they have similar traits and are phenotypically plastic. Taxonomic keys are based on vegetative traits, rather than reproductive ones such as flowers, because they are assumed to be too similar. We analyzed morphometric characteristics of flowers and cladodes over 6 years to determine which of these is most useful for differentiating Opuntia species from the Chihuahuan Desert. For each species (Opuntia robusta, O. cantabrigiensis, O. tomentosa, and O. streptacantha),we tagged 20 hermaphroditic and 40 dioecious plants (totaling 100) from 2014-2020, to complete the sample size of flowers and cladodes. Seventeen morphometric characters were measured for new cladodes and 15 for flowers, and discriminant analysis was applied to determine which traits enabled species delimitation. Six of the 17 cladode characteristics combined explained 89% of the variation, while nine floral characteristics combined explained 94% of the variation. Floral morphometrics proved to be very useful to accurately differentiate species and should be included, in addition to cladodes, in future taxonomic studies. Here, we provide the first taxonomic key that includes floral traits to identify Opuntia and a new description of each studied species.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47988039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaosong Dai, S. Tian, Wei Wu, B. Yang, Yifan Ma, Gang Ge, D. Wu
Parnassia wightiana, a perennial herb, is an alpine plant distributed across three biodiversity hotspots in China. This species offers an excellent study system to analyze the distribution pattern and genetic structure of high mountainous plant populations. Three cpDNA regions (rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, trnS-G) from 442 individuals of 39 populations and ITS from 418 individuals of 38 populations were sequenced and analyzed. We identified a total of 26 haplotypes based on the concatenated sequences of cpDNA and a total of 36 based on ITS sequences. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated significant phylogeographic structure among populations. Mismatch analysis of multi-peak and Tajima’s D neutral test demonstrated P.wightiana populations within China had not experienced abrupt expansion recently.The allopatric fragmentation resulted in the geographic isolation due to environmental heterogeneity, producing a high proportion of private haplotypes in the distribution of P. wightiana within China.
{"title":"Phylogeography of alpine plant Parnassia wightiana (Celastraceae)","authors":"Xiaosong Dai, S. Tian, Wei Wu, B. Yang, Yifan Ma, Gang Ge, D. Wu","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Parnassia wightiana, a perennial herb, is an alpine plant distributed across three biodiversity hotspots in China. This species offers an excellent study system to analyze the distribution pattern and genetic structure of high mountainous plant populations. Three cpDNA regions (rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, trnS-G) from 442 individuals of 39 populations and ITS from 418 individuals of 38 populations were sequenced and analyzed. We identified a total of 26 haplotypes based on the concatenated sequences of cpDNA and a total of 36 based on ITS sequences. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated significant phylogeographic structure among populations. Mismatch analysis of multi-peak and Tajima’s D neutral test demonstrated P.wightiana populations within China had not experienced abrupt expansion recently.The allopatric fragmentation resulted in the geographic isolation due to environmental heterogeneity, producing a high proportion of private haplotypes in the distribution of P. wightiana within China.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garry oak (Quercus garryana) is the only oak native to British Columbia (BC), where it occupies the northernmost extent of its range. The ecosystem it occupies in BC has been greatly reduced in size and fragmented by European settlement. Garry oak forms ectomycorrhizas that are essential to its existence and will likely play an important role in the response of this tree to climate change. Yet, relatively little is known about the ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Garry oak in BC. In this study we have documented the occurrence of fungi forming ectomycorrhizas with Garry oak at six locations on Vancouver Island by sequencing the ITS region of ectomycorrhizal root tips collected from Garry oak stands. Of the 47 species we detected, only about 20% can be confidently assigned to known species because not all species have been sequenced and many sequences in public databases are incorrectly or incompletely identified, but the majority of them belong to a community of fungi associated primarily with oaks or other members of Fagaceae. The uniqueness of this community of ectomycorrhizal fungi indicates that the possible expansion of the range of Garry oak in BC in response to climate change may be limited by the co-migration of its ectomycorrhizal fungi.
{"title":"Preliminary assessment of the ectomycorrhizal fungi of Quercus garryana on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"S. Berch, Thomas E. Witte, J. Tanney","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Garry oak (Quercus garryana) is the only oak native to British Columbia (BC), where it occupies the northernmost extent of its range. The ecosystem it occupies in BC has been greatly reduced in size and fragmented by European settlement. Garry oak forms ectomycorrhizas that are essential to its existence and will likely play an important role in the response of this tree to climate change. Yet, relatively little is known about the ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Garry oak in BC. In this study we have documented the occurrence of fungi forming ectomycorrhizas with Garry oak at six locations on Vancouver Island by sequencing the ITS region of ectomycorrhizal root tips collected from Garry oak stands. Of the 47 species we detected, only about 20% can be confidently assigned to known species because not all species have been sequenced and many sequences in public databases are incorrectly or incompletely identified, but the majority of them belong to a community of fungi associated primarily with oaks or other members of Fagaceae. The uniqueness of this community of ectomycorrhizal fungi indicates that the possible expansion of the range of Garry oak in BC in response to climate change may be limited by the co-migration of its ectomycorrhizal fungi.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javiera Pincheira, Javiera Villarroel, José I. Orellana, F. Fontúrbel
Mistletoes are parasitic plants that largely rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal but establish complex interactions with their host plants. Mistletoes are considered keystone species in forest ecosystems as they facilitate several interactions. We studied the fauna associated with two sympatric mistletoe species (Tristerix corymbosus and Desmaria mutabilis) from the temperate rainforests of southern Chile. We set 40 camera traps from November 2021 to May 2022 to monitor the main pollinator (the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes), the main seed disperser (the arboreal marsupial Dromiciops bozinovici), and other animals (birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects). We compared fauna associated with T. corymbosus between spring and summer-fall periods and between T. corymbosus and D. mutabilis during summer-fall. Species composition associated with T. corymbosus showed a significant temporal variation, mainly explained by S. sephaniodes and D. bozinovici, which are more abundant in the summer-fall period. We found that animal species composition differences between mistletoe species were mainly explained by S. sephaniodes, D. bozinovici, and insects. While T. corymbosus was mainly pollinated by hummingbirds, insects frequently visited D. mutabilis flowers. Although both mistletoes have many similarities, they also have some phenology differences that affect their associations with animals, potentially influencing ecological processes.
{"title":"A tale of two mistletoes: phenology and fauna associated with two sympatric species","authors":"Javiera Pincheira, Javiera Villarroel, José I. Orellana, F. Fontúrbel","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Mistletoes are parasitic plants that largely rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal but establish complex interactions with their host plants. Mistletoes are considered keystone species in forest ecosystems as they facilitate several interactions. We studied the fauna associated with two sympatric mistletoe species (Tristerix corymbosus and Desmaria mutabilis) from the temperate rainforests of southern Chile. We set 40 camera traps from November 2021 to May 2022 to monitor the main pollinator (the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes), the main seed disperser (the arboreal marsupial Dromiciops bozinovici), and other animals (birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects). We compared fauna associated with T. corymbosus between spring and summer-fall periods and between T. corymbosus and D. mutabilis during summer-fall. Species composition associated with T. corymbosus showed a significant temporal variation, mainly explained by S. sephaniodes and D. bozinovici, which are more abundant in the summer-fall period. We found that animal species composition differences between mistletoe species were mainly explained by S. sephaniodes, D. bozinovici, and insects. While T. corymbosus was mainly pollinated by hummingbirds, insects frequently visited D. mutabilis flowers. Although both mistletoes have many similarities, they also have some phenology differences that affect their associations with animals, potentially influencing ecological processes.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41675197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Likhanov, R. Vasylyshyn, Yurii N. Marchuk, Olexandr Kurdyuk, H. Honchar, O. Borysov, S. Bilous, B. Yakubenko, Yahya Al Naggar
The phenolic compounds in the leaves of 12 species of birch trees of the subgenera Neurobetula, Betulenta, and Betula were biochemically profiled using HPTLC (De Jong, 1993). The duration of the vegetation period was found to be significantly related to the content of total phenols (r = 0.74) and flavonoids in leaves (r = 0.65). The correlations for Neurobetula plants were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The relationship between the duration of the growing season and the concentration of phenolic compounds in Betula plants was inverse (r = -0.84). A cluster analysis of phytochemical profiles revealed that the studied birch species form groups that coincide with the subgenera proposed by De Jong (1993) due to an affinity with the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds. A multiple correlation analysis confirmed the relationship between the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds and the morphological characteristics of the leaves. The results of phytochemical profiling revealed that the qualitative composition of polyphenols in the leaves of 12 birch species is quite specific, allowing the use of individual compounds as additional differential biochemical characters in identifying species and hybrids and studying their potential role in plant adaptation to habitat conditions.
{"title":"Consistency of phenolic profiles with taxonomic distribution and adaptation of birch species (Betula L.) to environmental conditions","authors":"A. Likhanov, R. Vasylyshyn, Yurii N. Marchuk, Olexandr Kurdyuk, H. Honchar, O. Borysov, S. Bilous, B. Yakubenko, Yahya Al Naggar","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2021-0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0221","url":null,"abstract":"The phenolic compounds in the leaves of 12 species of birch trees of the subgenera Neurobetula, Betulenta, and Betula were biochemically profiled using HPTLC (De Jong, 1993). The duration of the vegetation period was found to be significantly related to the content of total phenols (r = 0.74) and flavonoids in leaves (r = 0.65). The correlations for Neurobetula plants were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The relationship between the duration of the growing season and the concentration of phenolic compounds in Betula plants was inverse (r = -0.84). A cluster analysis of phytochemical profiles revealed that the studied birch species form groups that coincide with the subgenera proposed by De Jong (1993) due to an affinity with the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds. A multiple correlation analysis confirmed the relationship between the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds and the morphological characteristics of the leaves. The results of phytochemical profiling revealed that the qualitative composition of polyphenols in the leaves of 12 birch species is quite specific, allowing the use of individual compounds as additional differential biochemical characters in identifying species and hybrids and studying their potential role in plant adaptation to habitat conditions.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan M. Rowarth, Sophie B. Tattrie, Adrian N. Dauphinee, C. Lacroix, A. Gunawardena
Only a handful of model systems for studying programmed cell death (PCD) exist. The model Arabidopsis thaliana has generated a plethora of knowledge, but it is essential to introduce new models to broaden our understanding of the commonalities of PCD. This review focuses on Aponogeton madagascariensis (the lace plant) as a choice model to study PCD in vivo. PCD plays a key role in plant development and defence. Thus, identifying key regulators across plants is a priority in the field. The formation of perforations in lace plant leaves in areas called areoles is a striking example of PCD. Cells undergoing PCD within areoles can be easily identified from a loss of their anthocyanin pigmentation. In contrast, cells adjacent to veins, non-PCD cells, retain anthocyanins, creating a gradient of cell death. The spatiotemporal pattern of perforation formation, a gradient of cell death within areoles, and the availability of axenic cultures provide an excellent in vivo system to study mechanisms of developmental PCD. The priorities to further develop this model involve sequencing the genome, establishing transformation protocols, and identifying anthocyanin species to determine their medicinal properties. We discuss practical methodologies and challenges associated with developing the lace plant as a model to study PCD.
{"title":"Filling in the gaps: a road map to establish a model system to study developmental programmed cell death","authors":"Nathan M. Rowarth, Sophie B. Tattrie, Adrian N. Dauphinee, C. Lacroix, A. Gunawardena","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2022-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Only a handful of model systems for studying programmed cell death (PCD) exist. The model Arabidopsis thaliana has generated a plethora of knowledge, but it is essential to introduce new models to broaden our understanding of the commonalities of PCD. This review focuses on Aponogeton madagascariensis (the lace plant) as a choice model to study PCD in vivo. PCD plays a key role in plant development and defence. Thus, identifying key regulators across plants is a priority in the field. The formation of perforations in lace plant leaves in areas called areoles is a striking example of PCD. Cells undergoing PCD within areoles can be easily identified from a loss of their anthocyanin pigmentation. In contrast, cells adjacent to veins, non-PCD cells, retain anthocyanins, creating a gradient of cell death. The spatiotemporal pattern of perforation formation, a gradient of cell death within areoles, and the availability of axenic cultures provide an excellent in vivo system to study mechanisms of developmental PCD. The priorities to further develop this model involve sequencing the genome, establishing transformation protocols, and identifying anthocyanin species to determine their medicinal properties. We discuss practical methodologies and challenges associated with developing the lace plant as a model to study PCD.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41693085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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