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Lactifluus subg. Lactariopsis (Russulales/Basidiomycota) from Brazilian tropical forests Lactifluus subg。产自巴西热带森林的乳孢菌(Russulales/担子菌科)
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0077
A.G.S. Silva-Filho, M.C.A. Sá, D.L. Komura, R. Braga-Neto, I.G. Baseia, P. Marinho, J.-M. Moncalvo, M. Roy, F. Wartchow
Botany, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page 570-581, December 2023.
Lactifluus subg. Lactariopsis is a well-supported group of milkcaps occurring predominantly in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. This subgenus contains agaricoid and pleurotoid representatives and is the only group with members containing a secondary velum. The results of taxonomic and phylogenetic research into Lactifluus subg. Lactariopsis collected in Brazilian tropical forests (Amazon, Atlantic Rainforests, and Caatinga biomes) of the North and Northeast is presented here. Two new species are described: Lf. aurantioceraceus in sect. Neotropici, and Lf. reniformis in sect. Multicipites, newly delimited here. In addition, Lf. neotropicus has had its distribution expanded to the Caatinga biome, Lf. dunensis was confirmed in Lf. sect. Neotropici with new records from French Guiana, and Lf. annulifer was re-collected from the type locality. A combined dataset of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and nuclear large subunit amplified sequences was analyzed and, based on its phylogenetic hypothesis, the two novel taxa and the new section were confirmed.
植物学,第101卷,第12期,第570-581页,2023年12月。Lactifluus subg。乳藓是一种支持良好的乳盖类植物,主要分布在热带和亚热带生态系统中。这个亚属含有类琼脂体和类胸膜体的代表,是唯一的一组成员含有次生绒膜。乳猪亚群的分类和系统发育研究结果。本文介绍了在巴西北部和东北部热带森林(亚马逊、大西洋雨林和Caatinga生物群系)中收集的乳孢菌。描述了两个新种:Lf。在新三角科的金海洋目,和Lf。多城市,在这里新划。此外,Lf。neotropicus的分布已经扩展到加拿大的Caatinga生物群系。dunensis在Lf中得到证实。法属圭亚那新记录的新热带亚科;从类型地重新收集了环生植物。利用核rDNA内部转录间隔区和核大亚基扩增序列的组合数据进行分析,并根据其系统发育假说,证实了这两个新分类群和新片段的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Moss Regeneration for lithium mine waste rock revegetation in Québec, Canada 苔藓再生用于加拿大魁北克锂矿废石的植被重建
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0110
Chao Liu, Kathy Pouliot, Sébastien Roy, L. Rochefort
Despite bryophytes being well adapted to various ecological settings, they are rarely considered in reclamation projects. In this study, propagation regenerative capabilities of bryophytes on different substrates (sand, amphibolite and pegmatite) and conditions (with or without peat amendment, shade and shredding) were tested in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse trial, after six months of reintroduction, Racomitrium species (Racomitrium canescens and R. elongatum) had higher regeneration compared to Polytrichum species (Polytrichum juniperinum mixed with P. piliferum; A combination of shade (65% shading) and peat amendment (0.5 cm depth) was found to be particularly effective, resulting in up to 100% of Racomitrium species regeneration; Shredding the stems of Polytrichum species into small pieces of 0.5 to 1.0 cm inhibited its regeneration. In the field trial, peat amendment had no effect on moss regeneration. The addition of fluvioglacial sand or till on waste rocks promoted bryophytes regeneration both in the greenhouse and field. These results provide science based, practical knowledge to support the inclusion of native bryophytes in waste rock restoration plans for mines located in northern boreal forests.
尽管红叶植物能很好地适应各种生态环境,但在填海工程中却很少考虑到它们。本研究在温室和田间试验中,测试了在不同基质(沙、闪长岩和伟晶岩)和条件(有无泥炭添加剂、遮荫和粉碎)下,红叶石楠的繁殖再生能力。在温室试验中,经过 6 个月的重新引入,Racomitrium 物种(Racomitrium canescens 和 R. elongatum)的再生率高于 Polytrichum 物种(Polytrichum juniperinum 与 P. piliferum 混合;遮荫(65% 遮荫)和泥炭添加剂(0.5 厘米深)的组合特别有效,可使 Racomitrium 树种的再生率达到 100%;将 Polytrichum 树种的茎切成 0.5 至 1.0 厘米的小段会抑制其再生。在实地试验中,泥炭添加剂对苔藓再生没有影响。在温室和田间试验中,在废石上添加冰川砂或耕层可促进苔藓植物的再生。这些结果提供了以科学为基础的实用知识,支持在北部寒带森林矿山的废石恢复计划中纳入本地红叶石楠。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of taxonomy for determining species distribution: A case study using the disjunct lichen <i>Brodoa oroarctica</i>. 分类学对确定物种分布的重要性:以北缘断缘地衣&lt;i&gt;Brodoa / oarctic &lt;/i&gt;为例。
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0096
Hayley Anne Paquette, Richard Troy McMullin, Yolanda Wiersma
Species-focused conservation requires a thorough understanding of species’ distributions. Delineating a species’ distribution requires taxonomic knowledge and adequate occurrence data. For plants and fungi, herbaria represent a valuable source of large-scale occurrence data. Advances in digital technology mean that data from many herbarium collections worldwide are now easily accessible. However, species concepts can change over time requiring herbarium records to be re-examined and databases updated, which does not always occur synchronously across all collections. Therefore, non-critical use of these data can promote inaccuracies in understanding species distributions. Taxonomic revisions are common in understudied organisms, such as lichens. Here, we illustrate how changing taxonomy and non-critical acceptance of online data affects our understanding of disjunct distributions, using the lichen Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward as an example. Defining the distribution of the arctic lichen B. oroarctica is confounded by changing taxonomy and uncertainty of herbarium records that pre-date taxonomic revisions. We review the distribution of this species in the literature and in aggregate occurrence databases, and verify herbarium specimens that represent disjunct occurrences in eastern North America to present an updated account of its distribution and frequency in eastern North America. We show that knowledge of changing species taxonomy is essential to depicting accurate species distributions.
以物种为中心的保护需要对物种的分布有透彻的了解。描绘一个物种的分布需要分类知识和充足的发生数据。对于植物和真菌,植物标本室是大规模发生数据的宝贵来源。数字技术的进步意味着世界各地许多植物标本馆收藏的数据现在可以很容易地获取。然而,物种概念会随着时间的推移而改变,这需要重新检查植物标本室记录和更新数据库,而这并不总是在所有藏品中同步发生。因此,对这些数据的非关键使用可能会导致对物种分布的不准确理解。对地衣等未充分研究的生物进行分类修订是很常见的。在这里,我们使用地衣<i>Brodoa & oarctic </i>说明了分类法的变化和对在线数据的非批判接受如何影响我们对间断分布的理解。(Krog)以沃德为例。定义北极地衣的分布<i>B。oroarctica< / i>在分类学修订之前,由于分类学的变化和植物标本室记录的不确定性而混淆。我们回顾了该物种在文献和总体发生数据库中的分布,并验证了代表北美东部分离发生的植物标本馆标本,以提供其在北美东部分布和频率的最新说明。我们表明,物种分类学变化的知识对于描绘准确的物种分布是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
New species and new record of Candolleomyces (Psathyrellaceae) from India 标题印度Candolleomyces (psathyrellacae)新种及新记录
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0066
P.K. Nayana, C.K. Pradeep
Three species of Candolleomyces D. Wächt. & A. Melzer (Agaricomycetes, Psathyrellaceae) were identified in the course of our studies to characterize the psathyrelloid fungi of Kerala state, India. Among these, two species, e.g., Candolleomyces brunneopileatus and Candolleomyces niveofloccosus, are new to science, while Candolleomyces asiaticus represents a new Indian record. Detailed descriptions, photographs, and comparison of these species are provided based on morphology and molecular data. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood analyses of a combined nrITS and nrLSU sequence is also provided.
Candolleomyces d.s Wächt三种。,A. Melzer (Agaricomycetes, Psathyrellaceae)是我们在印度喀拉拉邦鉴定psathyrelloid真菌的研究过程中鉴定出来的。其中,brunneopileatus Candolleomyces和niveofloccosus Candolleomyces是科学上的新物种,而亚洲Candolleomyces asiaticus则是印度的新记录。详细的描述,照片和比较这些物种提供基于形态学和分子数据。基于最大似然分析的nrITS和nrLSU组合序列的系统发育重建也提供了。
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引用次数: 0
Outcrossing rates in the permanent translocation heterozygote Oenothera biennis L. (Onagraceae) 永久易位杂合子的异交率(桔梗科)
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0067
Marc T J Johnson, Ryan Godfrey
In species that primarily reproduce asexually, occasional sex can have important evolutionary consequences. Many plant species in the genus Oenothera have a genetic system called permanent translocation heterozygosity (PTH), which renders plants functionally asexual when they self-fertilize. PTH results from reciprocal translocations of chromosomes that suppresses recombination, and a balanced lethal mortality of homozygous gametes that prevents independent assortment of alleles. When PTH plants self-fertilize, the offspring are genetically identical to the parents, but when they outcross they can create new genotypes. Here we sought to determine the rate of outcrossing of natural populations of PTH Oenothera biennis L (Onagraceae). We genotyped 46 parents from 14 populations in Tompkins County, NY, USA, and 754 of their offspring at highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. 99.5% of offspring were genetically identical to their seed parents, whereas 4 offspring out of 754 exhibited allelic mismatches with their seed parent. The estimated outcrossing rate ranged from 0.1 to 0.4%. Our study design also permitted us to estimate mutation rate of microsatellite loci., which ranged from 1.33x10-3 to 3.98x10-3. These results show that O. biennis typically exhibits a functionally asexual genetic system, but rare outcrossing events can generate novel genotypes that may have important evolutionary consequences.
在以无性繁殖为主的物种中,偶尔的性行为会产生重要的进化结果。许多属的植物都有一个称为永久易位杂合性(PTH)的遗传系统,这使得植物在自交受精时功能无性。PTH是由于染色体的相互易位抑制了重组,纯合配子的平衡致死死亡率阻止了等位基因的独立分类。当PTH植物自我受精时,后代在基因上与父母相同,但当它们异种杂交时,它们可以产生新的基因型。在此,我们试图确定PTH Oenothera biennis L (onagracae)自然种群的异交率。我们对来自美国纽约州汤普金斯县14个种群的46对父母及其754对后代进行了高度多态性微卫星位点的基因分型。99.5%的子代与种亲本基因完全相同,而754个子代中有4个子代与种亲本基因不匹配。估计异交率在0.1 - 0.4%之间。我们的研究设计也允许我们估计微卫星位点的突变率。,取值范围从1.33x10-3到3.98x10-3。这些结果表明,O. biennis通常表现出功能性无性遗传系统,但罕见的异交事件可以产生可能具有重要进化后果的新基因型。
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引用次数: 0
Cannibal plants: intraspecific autoparasitism among host-specific holoparasites 同类植物:宿主特异性全寄生虫的种内自寄生
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0081
Luiza Teixeira-Costa
Intraspecific autoparasitism, the phenomenon in which a parasite serves as the host for another individual of the same species, is a well described interaction among hemi-parasitic flowering plants. Here I describe a rare case of autoparasitism in Epifagus virginiana (Orobanchaceae), a holo-parasitic plant normally found exclusively on the roots of Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae). Confirmation of the autoparasitic relationship was obtained through micro-tomography and anatomical analyses. Results show the presence of vessel connections between the two E. virginiana plants and the unobstructed passage of solutes from one plant to another, thus suggesting the autoparasitic connection to be fully functional. While several segments of nearby host roots were entangled with the adventitious roots of the parasite, no parasite-host vascular connection was detected. Additionally, an analysis of digitized herbarium specimens showed that albeit rare, the observed autoparasitic relationship in E. virginiana is not a one-of case. A total of 3,097 digitized herbarium specimens were also analyzed, among which 1.69% were observed to potentially include an autoparasitic connection. Altogether, these results provide new clues for the investigation of host-specificity and haustorium development processes in parasitic flowering plants.
种内自寄生,即一种寄生虫作为同一物种另一个体的宿主的现象,是半寄生开花植物之间的一种很好的相互作用。在这里,我描述了一个罕见的自寄生案例,在维吉尼亚(Orobanchaceae),一种全寄生植物,通常只在Fagus grandfolia(壳斗科)的根上发现。通过显微断层扫描和解剖分析证实了自寄生关系。结果表明,两株维吉尼亚金丝莲植物之间存在血管连接,并且溶质从一株植物到另一株植物的通道畅通无阻,从而表明自寄生连接是完全有效的。虽然附近寄主的几段根与寄生虫的不定根纠缠在一起,但没有检测到寄主与寄生虫的维管连接。此外,对数字化植物标本的分析表明,尽管罕见,但在E. virginia中观察到的自寄生关系并不是一个案例。共分析了3097份数字化标本馆标本,其中1.69%观察到可能包含自寄生连接。这些结果为寄生开花植物寄主特异性和吸器发育过程的研究提供了新的线索。
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引用次数: 0
Mycoheterotrophic plants as indicators of post-agricultural forest regeneration: abundance of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora in post-agricultural forests changes through time 异养真菌植物作为农业后森林更新的指示物:农业后森林中单、单植物丰度随时间的变化而变化
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0048
Marion Holmes
Herbaceous layers in second-growth forests are shaped by past land use. Disturbances such as agriculture may impact populations of mycoheterotrophs, non-photosynthetic mycorrhizal plants that obtain carbon from fungal networks, by altering mycorrhizal communities or removing trees they derive carbon from. I tested the hypotheses that two mycoheterotrophic forest herbs increase in abundance during succession and become most common in older forests as plant communities reassemble through time. Distributions of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora, were sampled in Athens County, Ohio, USA. I surveyed populations in a 40-site post-agricultural forest chronosequence with five upland and five valley sites in each of four age classes: 40-60, 61-80, 81-100, and >130 years since canopy closure. Aspect and elevation were measured to assess environmental influence. Both H. monotropa and M. uniflora were most common in older stands with EM tree-rich canopy composition and West or South-facing aspects, indicating influence of historical, biotic, and edaphic factors. Hypopitys was exclusive to forests > 80 years old, while M. uniflora was present in younger stands. Abundance of both species was also significantly predicted by Fagaceae basal area. Because EM trees were also most abundant in South-and West-facing uplands, environmental influence appears to be mediated through canopy composition.
次生林的草本层受过去土地利用的影响。农业等干扰可能通过改变菌根群落或移除它们赖以获取碳的树木,影响从真菌网络中获取碳的非光合菌根植物——异养菌的种群。我测试了两种真菌异养森林草本植物在演替过程中丰度增加的假设,并且随着时间的推移,随着植物群落的重新组合,在老森林中变得最常见。对美国俄亥俄州阿森斯县单色单盲蝽和单色单盲蝽的分布进行了调查。我在一个40个样点的农业后森林时间序列中调查了5个高地样点和5个山谷样点,每个样点在冠层关闭后的40-60年、61-80年、81-100年和>130年四个年龄类别中。测量坡向和海拔以评估环境影响。 在EM树丰富的林冠组成和向西或向南的老林分中,单绿毛茛和单绿毛茛最常见,这表明历史、生物和土壤因素的影响。低度生长是森林的专利。80岁,而uniflora存在于年轻林分。两种植物的丰度也可以用壳斗科的基面积来预测。由于EM树在南向和西向高地也最为丰富,因此环境影响似乎是通过冠层组成介导的。 & # x0D;
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引用次数: 0
Petalophyllites speirsiae gen. et sp. nov. (Marchantiophyta: Fossombroniales), a fossil liverwort gametophyte from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada Petalophyllites specisiae gen. et sp. 11 . (marchantiophysia: Fossombroniales),加拿大阿尔伯塔省古新世苔类配子体化石
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0057
Georgia L. Hoffman, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler
Botany, Volume 101, Issue 10, Page 462-470, October 2023.
Although liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are postulated to be one of the oldest lineages of land plants, their documented fossil record is sparse. This study describes five new fossil liverwort gametophytes, one of which bears antheridia, from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta, Canada. The thalli are bilaterally symmetrical, with two undissected wings that bear oppositely arranged dorsal lamellae. One specimen is dichotomously branched, and one bears clusters of antheridia along the midrib area of its dorsal surface. These characters are consistent with those of extant Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae), and the genus Petalophyllites gen. nov. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae) is here erected for these fossils. They are the first representatives of Petalophyllaceae and the Fossombroniales from the fossil record. Most of the specimens are in growth position. Their geologic setting and associated fossils indicate that Petalophyllites lived at the margin of a lake or pond in a habitat that may have been intermittently dry, as is also common in extant species of Petalophyllum. The well-preserved thalli and antheridia of these fossils, and their well-documented middle Paleocene age, provide new evidence of liverwort diversification at the dawn of the Cenozoic Era.
植物学,第101卷,第10期,第462-470页,2023年10月。尽管地茅(Marchantiophyta)被认为是最古老的陆地植物谱系之一,但它们的化石记录却很少。本文描述了加拿大阿尔伯塔省古新世Paskapoo组的5个新苔类配子体化石,其中1个带有卵头。菌体两侧对称,有两个未解剖的翅膀,背片相反排列。一个标本是二分叉的,一个沿着其背表面的中脉区域有簇生的肛门。这些特征与现存叶叶属植物的特征一致。Gottsche ex Lehm。(Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae),此处为这些化石建立了Petalophyllites gen. 11 . (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae)属。它们是化石记录中最早出现的叶藻科和Fossombroniales的代表。大部分标本处于生长位置。它们的地质环境和相关化石表明,瓣叶植物生活在湖泊或池塘的边缘,栖息地可能是间歇性干燥的,这在现存的瓣叶植物物种中也很常见。这些化石中保存完好的菌体和肛门体,以及它们在古新世中期的良好记录,为新生代初期的苔类多样化提供了新的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in groundberry cover under climate change in the southern and central Yukon, 1997 to 2022 1997年至2022年气候变化下育空地区南部和中部地莓覆盖的趋势
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0068
Charles Cjk Krebs, Rudy Boonstra, A. J. Kenney, Elizabeth J. Hofer, Thomas S. Jung, M. O’Donoghue
Groundberries are an important component of the flora of the boreal forest and provide seasonally important food for many birds and mammals, as well as local people in northern Canada. Here we ask if there has been a change in the cover of groundberries in the Yukon boreal forest over the last two decades. We monitored five common species at undisturbed forest sites spaced 300 km apart. At our Kluane site we monitored 710 fixed quadrats per year for 26 years (1997–2022), and at Mayo 500 quadrats per year for 18 years (2005–2022). The cover of four species, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry), Arctostaphylos rubra (red bearberry), Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), and Geocaulon lividum (toadflax), declined annually by 0.2-0.8% at both sites. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) increased annually by 0.5 and 0.8%. We tested if increases in summer temperature and rainfall were correlated with the observed changes but found no significant relationships. These boreal plants are changing in abundance, but we have limited data on the extent and speed of these changes. We recommend experiments to understand the cause(s) of these changes in groundberry productivity. Our study is a start in monitoring important berry species in this critical ecosystem of northern Canada.
浆果是北方森林植物群的重要组成部分,为许多鸟类和哺乳动物以及加拿大北部的当地人提供季节性的重要食物。在这里,我们要问的是,在过去的二十年里,育空北部森林的浆果覆盖率是否发生了变化。我们在相距300公里的未受干扰的森林地点监测了五种常见物种。在我们的Kluane站点,我们每年监测710个固定象限,持续26年(1997-2002年),在Mayo站点,每年监测500个象限,持续18年(2005-2022年)。这两个地点的四个物种,Arctostaphylos uva ursi(熊莓)、Arctostapphylos rubra(红熊莓),Empetrum nigrum(杨梅)和Geocaulon lividum(蟾蜍亚麻)的覆盖率每年下降0.2-0.8%。相比之下,越橘每年增加0.5%和0.8%。我们测试了夏季温度和降雨量的增加是否与观察到的变化相关,但没有发现显著的关系。这些北方植物的数量正在发生变化,但我们对这些变化的程度和速度的数据有限。我们建议进行实验,以了解这些变化的原因。我们的研究是监测加拿大北部这一重要生态系统中重要浆果物种的开始。
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引用次数: 0
Fruit anatomy and seedlings of the mistletoe Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) 槲寄生的果实解剖和幼苗
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2023-0031
J. Ornelas, S. Galicia, A. Vásquez-Aguilar, A. Vovides
Fruits of Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae) mistletoes depend on frugivorous birds for seed dispersal; however, despite the importance of birds in their dispersal and distribution, the external fruit morphology and anatomy and seedling remain poorly studied. Here, we describe the fruit anatomy and seedling of host generalist Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Cham. & Schltdl.) G. Don (Loranthaceae), a mistletoe species occurring from Mexico to Panama. Fully developed unripe fruits and ripe fruits were collected, processed for microphotography, and examined to describe fruit external morphology and anatomy. The following parts were observed in fruits: exocarp, viscin layer, seed coat, and the polycotylous embryo. Longitudinal sections also show the inverted position of the embryo. The fruits of Psittacanthus schiedeanus contain a polycotylous embryo and no endosperm. The absence of endosperm in the mature seed and the massive cotyledons having the storage function for the germinating seedling await further Psittacanthus species comparisons to end the pretending controversy of the polycotylous embryo and between having or not having endosperm in Psittacanthus.
箭角槲寄生的果实依靠食草鸟类传播种子;然而,尽管鸟类在其传播和分布中具有重要意义,但对其外部果实形态、解剖结构和幼苗的研究仍然很少。在这里,我们描述了寄主通才Psittachantus schiedeans(Cham.&Schltdl.)G.Don(Lorantheaceae)的果实解剖和幼苗,这是一种产于墨西哥和巴拿马的槲寄生物种。采集发育完全的未成熟果实和成熟果实,进行显微摄影处理,并对其进行检查,以描述果实的外部形态和解剖结构。果实主要由外果皮、内脏层、种皮和多节胚组成。纵切面也显示了胚胎的倒置位置。箭斑蝥的果实含有多节胚,没有胚乳。成熟种子中没有胚乳,大量的子叶对发芽的幼苗具有储存功能,这有待于对Psittacantus物种进行进一步的比较,以结束多节胚和Psittacentus是否有胚乳之间的假装争议。
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