Chao Liu, Kathy Pouliot, Sébastien Roy, L. Rochefort
Despite bryophytes being well adapted to various ecological settings, they are rarely considered in reclamation projects. In this study, propagation regenerative capabilities of bryophytes on different substrates (sand, amphibolite and pegmatite) and conditions (with or without peat amendment, shade and shredding) were tested in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse trial, after six months of reintroduction, Racomitrium species (Racomitrium canescens and R. elongatum) had higher regeneration compared to Polytrichum species (Polytrichum juniperinum mixed with P. piliferum; A combination of shade (65% shading) and peat amendment (0.5 cm depth) was found to be particularly effective, resulting in up to 100% of Racomitrium species regeneration; Shredding the stems of Polytrichum species into small pieces of 0.5 to 1.0 cm inhibited its regeneration. In the field trial, peat amendment had no effect on moss regeneration. The addition of fluvioglacial sand or till on waste rocks promoted bryophytes regeneration both in the greenhouse and field. These results provide science based, practical knowledge to support the inclusion of native bryophytes in waste rock restoration plans for mines located in northern boreal forests.
{"title":"Moss Regeneration for lithium mine waste rock revegetation in Québec, Canada","authors":"Chao Liu, Kathy Pouliot, Sébastien Roy, L. Rochefort","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0110","url":null,"abstract":"Despite bryophytes being well adapted to various ecological settings, they are rarely considered in reclamation projects. In this study, propagation regenerative capabilities of bryophytes on different substrates (sand, amphibolite and pegmatite) and conditions (with or without peat amendment, shade and shredding) were tested in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse trial, after six months of reintroduction, Racomitrium species (Racomitrium canescens and R. elongatum) had higher regeneration compared to Polytrichum species (Polytrichum juniperinum mixed with P. piliferum; A combination of shade (65% shading) and peat amendment (0.5 cm depth) was found to be particularly effective, resulting in up to 100% of Racomitrium species regeneration; Shredding the stems of Polytrichum species into small pieces of 0.5 to 1.0 cm inhibited its regeneration. In the field trial, peat amendment had no effect on moss regeneration. The addition of fluvioglacial sand or till on waste rocks promoted bryophytes regeneration both in the greenhouse and field. These results provide science based, practical knowledge to support the inclusion of native bryophytes in waste rock restoration plans for mines located in northern boreal forests.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayley Anne Paquette, Richard Troy McMullin, Yolanda Wiersma
Species-focused conservation requires a thorough understanding of species’ distributions. Delineating a species’ distribution requires taxonomic knowledge and adequate occurrence data. For plants and fungi, herbaria represent a valuable source of large-scale occurrence data. Advances in digital technology mean that data from many herbarium collections worldwide are now easily accessible. However, species concepts can change over time requiring herbarium records to be re-examined and databases updated, which does not always occur synchronously across all collections. Therefore, non-critical use of these data can promote inaccuracies in understanding species distributions. Taxonomic revisions are common in understudied organisms, such as lichens. Here, we illustrate how changing taxonomy and non-critical acceptance of online data affects our understanding of disjunct distributions, using the lichen Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward as an example. Defining the distribution of the arctic lichen B. oroarctica is confounded by changing taxonomy and uncertainty of herbarium records that pre-date taxonomic revisions. We review the distribution of this species in the literature and in aggregate occurrence databases, and verify herbarium specimens that represent disjunct occurrences in eastern North America to present an updated account of its distribution and frequency in eastern North America. We show that knowledge of changing species taxonomy is essential to depicting accurate species distributions.
{"title":"The importance of taxonomy for determining species distribution: A case study using the disjunct lichen <i>Brodoa oroarctica</i>.","authors":"Hayley Anne Paquette, Richard Troy McMullin, Yolanda Wiersma","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0096","url":null,"abstract":"Species-focused conservation requires a thorough understanding of species’ distributions. Delineating a species’ distribution requires taxonomic knowledge and adequate occurrence data. For plants and fungi, herbaria represent a valuable source of large-scale occurrence data. Advances in digital technology mean that data from many herbarium collections worldwide are now easily accessible. However, species concepts can change over time requiring herbarium records to be re-examined and databases updated, which does not always occur synchronously across all collections. Therefore, non-critical use of these data can promote inaccuracies in understanding species distributions. Taxonomic revisions are common in understudied organisms, such as lichens. Here, we illustrate how changing taxonomy and non-critical acceptance of online data affects our understanding of disjunct distributions, using the lichen <i>Brodoa oroarctica</i> (Krog) Goward as an example. Defining the distribution of the arctic lichen <i>B. oroarctica</i> is confounded by changing taxonomy and uncertainty of herbarium records that pre-date taxonomic revisions. We review the distribution of this species in the literature and in aggregate occurrence databases, and verify herbarium specimens that represent disjunct occurrences in eastern North America to present an updated account of its distribution and frequency in eastern North America. We show that knowledge of changing species taxonomy is essential to depicting accurate species distributions.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three species of Candolleomyces D. Wächt. & A. Melzer (Agaricomycetes, Psathyrellaceae) were identified in the course of our studies to characterize the psathyrelloid fungi of Kerala state, India. Among these, two species, e.g., Candolleomyces brunneopileatus and Candolleomyces niveofloccosus, are new to science, while Candolleomyces asiaticus represents a new Indian record. Detailed descriptions, photographs, and comparison of these species are provided based on morphology and molecular data. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood analyses of a combined nrITS and nrLSU sequence is also provided.
{"title":"New species and new record of <i>Candolleomyces</i> (Psathyrellaceae) from India","authors":"P.K. Nayana, C.K. Pradeep","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Three species of Candolleomyces D. Wächt. & A. Melzer (Agaricomycetes, Psathyrellaceae) were identified in the course of our studies to characterize the psathyrelloid fungi of Kerala state, India. Among these, two species, e.g., Candolleomyces brunneopileatus and Candolleomyces niveofloccosus, are new to science, while Candolleomyces asiaticus represents a new Indian record. Detailed descriptions, photographs, and comparison of these species are provided based on morphology and molecular data. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood analyses of a combined nrITS and nrLSU sequence is also provided.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In species that primarily reproduce asexually, occasional sex can have important evolutionary consequences. Many plant species in the genus Oenothera have a genetic system called permanent translocation heterozygosity (PTH), which renders plants functionally asexual when they self-fertilize. PTH results from reciprocal translocations of chromosomes that suppresses recombination, and a balanced lethal mortality of homozygous gametes that prevents independent assortment of alleles. When PTH plants self-fertilize, the offspring are genetically identical to the parents, but when they outcross they can create new genotypes. Here we sought to determine the rate of outcrossing of natural populations of PTH Oenothera biennis L (Onagraceae). We genotyped 46 parents from 14 populations in Tompkins County, NY, USA, and 754 of their offspring at highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. 99.5% of offspring were genetically identical to their seed parents, whereas 4 offspring out of 754 exhibited allelic mismatches with their seed parent. The estimated outcrossing rate ranged from 0.1 to 0.4%. Our study design also permitted us to estimate mutation rate of microsatellite loci., which ranged from 1.33x10-3 to 3.98x10-3. These results show that O. biennis typically exhibits a functionally asexual genetic system, but rare outcrossing events can generate novel genotypes that may have important evolutionary consequences.
在以无性繁殖为主的物种中，偶尔的性行为会产生重要的进化结果。许多属的植物都有一个称为永久易位杂合性(PTH)的遗传系统，这使得植物在自交受精时功能无性。PTH是由于染色体的相互易位抑制了重组，纯合配子的平衡致死死亡率阻止了等位基因的独立分类。当PTH植物自我受精时，后代在基因上与父母相同，但当它们异种杂交时，它们可以产生新的基因型。在此，我们试图确定PTH Oenothera biennis L (onagracae)自然种群的异交率。我们对来自美国纽约州汤普金斯县14个种群的46对父母及其754对后代进行了高度多态性微卫星位点的基因分型。99.5%的子代与种亲本基因完全相同，而754个子代中有4个子代与种亲本基因不匹配。估计异交率在0.1 - 0.4%之间。我们的研究设计也允许我们估计微卫星位点的突变率。，取值范围从1.33x10-3到3.98x10-3。这些结果表明，O. biennis通常表现出功能性无性遗传系统，但罕见的异交事件可以产生可能具有重要进化后果的新基因型。
{"title":"Outcrossing rates in the permanent translocation heterozygote Oenothera biennis L. (Onagraceae)","authors":"Marc T J Johnson, Ryan Godfrey","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0067","url":null,"abstract":"In species that primarily reproduce asexually, occasional sex can have important evolutionary consequences. Many plant species in the genus Oenothera have a genetic system called permanent translocation heterozygosity (PTH), which renders plants functionally asexual when they self-fertilize. PTH results from reciprocal translocations of chromosomes that suppresses recombination, and a balanced lethal mortality of homozygous gametes that prevents independent assortment of alleles. When PTH plants self-fertilize, the offspring are genetically identical to the parents, but when they outcross they can create new genotypes. Here we sought to determine the rate of outcrossing of natural populations of PTH Oenothera biennis L (Onagraceae). We genotyped 46 parents from 14 populations in Tompkins County, NY, USA, and 754 of their offspring at highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. 99.5% of offspring were genetically identical to their seed parents, whereas 4 offspring out of 754 exhibited allelic mismatches with their seed parent. The estimated outcrossing rate ranged from 0.1 to 0.4%. Our study design also permitted us to estimate mutation rate of microsatellite loci., which ranged from 1.33x10-3 to 3.98x10-3. These results show that O. biennis typically exhibits a functionally asexual genetic system, but rare outcrossing events can generate novel genotypes that may have important evolutionary consequences.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intraspecific autoparasitism, the phenomenon in which a parasite serves as the host for another individual of the same species, is a well described interaction among hemi-parasitic flowering plants. Here I describe a rare case of autoparasitism in Epifagus virginiana (Orobanchaceae), a holo-parasitic plant normally found exclusively on the roots of Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae). Confirmation of the autoparasitic relationship was obtained through micro-tomography and anatomical analyses. Results show the presence of vessel connections between the two E. virginiana plants and the unobstructed passage of solutes from one plant to another, thus suggesting the autoparasitic connection to be fully functional. While several segments of nearby host roots were entangled with the adventitious roots of the parasite, no parasite-host vascular connection was detected. Additionally, an analysis of digitized herbarium specimens showed that albeit rare, the observed autoparasitic relationship in E. virginiana is not a one-of case. A total of 3,097 digitized herbarium specimens were also analyzed, among which 1.69% were observed to potentially include an autoparasitic connection. Altogether, these results provide new clues for the investigation of host-specificity and haustorium development processes in parasitic flowering plants.
{"title":"Cannibal plants: intraspecific autoparasitism among host-specific holoparasites","authors":"Luiza Teixeira-Costa","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Intraspecific autoparasitism, the phenomenon in which a parasite serves as the host for another individual of the same species, is a well described interaction among hemi-parasitic flowering plants. Here I describe a rare case of autoparasitism in Epifagus virginiana (Orobanchaceae), a holo-parasitic plant normally found exclusively on the roots of Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae). Confirmation of the autoparasitic relationship was obtained through micro-tomography and anatomical analyses. Results show the presence of vessel connections between the two E. virginiana plants and the unobstructed passage of solutes from one plant to another, thus suggesting the autoparasitic connection to be fully functional. While several segments of nearby host roots were entangled with the adventitious roots of the parasite, no parasite-host vascular connection was detected. Additionally, an analysis of digitized herbarium specimens showed that albeit rare, the observed autoparasitic relationship in E. virginiana is not a one-of case. A total of 3,097 digitized herbarium specimens were also analyzed, among which 1.69% were observed to potentially include an autoparasitic connection. Altogether, these results provide new clues for the investigation of host-specificity and haustorium development processes in parasitic flowering plants.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbaceous layers in second-growth forests are shaped by past land use. Disturbances such as agriculture may impact populations of mycoheterotrophs, non-photosynthetic mycorrhizal plants that obtain carbon from fungal networks, by altering mycorrhizal communities or removing trees they derive carbon from. I tested the hypotheses that two mycoheterotrophic forest herbs increase in abundance during succession and become most common in older forests as plant communities reassemble through time.
Distributions of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora, were sampled in Athens County, Ohio, USA. I surveyed populations in a 40-site post-agricultural forest chronosequence with five upland and five valley sites in each of four age classes: 40-60, 61-80, 81-100, and >130 years since canopy closure. Aspect and elevation were measured to assess environmental influence.
Both H. monotropa and M. uniflora were most common in older stands with EM tree-rich canopy composition and West or South-facing aspects, indicating influence of historical, biotic, and edaphic factors. Hypopitys was exclusive to forests > 80 years old, while M. uniflora was present in younger stands. Abundance of both species was also significantly predicted by Fagaceae basal area. Because EM trees were also most abundant in South-and West-facing uplands, environmental influence appears to be mediated through canopy composition.
{"title":"Mycoheterotrophic plants as indicators of post-agricultural forest regeneration: abundance of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora in post-agricultural forests changes through time","authors":"Marion Holmes","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Herbaceous layers in second-growth forests are shaped by past land use. Disturbances such as agriculture may impact populations of mycoheterotrophs, non-photosynthetic mycorrhizal plants that obtain carbon from fungal networks, by altering mycorrhizal communities or removing trees they derive carbon from. I tested the hypotheses that two mycoheterotrophic forest herbs increase in abundance during succession and become most common in older forests as plant communities reassemble through time.
 Distributions of Hypopitys monotropa and Monotropa uniflora, were sampled in Athens County, Ohio, USA. I surveyed populations in a 40-site post-agricultural forest chronosequence with five upland and five valley sites in each of four age classes: 40-60, 61-80, 81-100, and >130 years since canopy closure. Aspect and elevation were measured to assess environmental influence.
 Both H. monotropa and M. uniflora were most common in older stands with EM tree-rich canopy composition and West or South-facing aspects, indicating influence of historical, biotic, and edaphic factors. Hypopitys was exclusive to forests > 80 years old, while M. uniflora was present in younger stands. Abundance of both species was also significantly predicted by Fagaceae basal area. Because EM trees were also most abundant in South-and West-facing uplands, environmental influence appears to be mediated through canopy composition.
 
","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botany, Volume 101, Issue 10, Page 462-470, October 2023. Although liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are postulated to be one of the oldest lineages of land plants, their documented fossil record is sparse. This study describes five new fossil liverwort gametophytes, one of which bears antheridia, from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta, Canada. The thalli are bilaterally symmetrical, with two undissected wings that bear oppositely arranged dorsal lamellae. One specimen is dichotomously branched, and one bears clusters of antheridia along the midrib area of its dorsal surface. These characters are consistent with those of extant Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae), and the genus Petalophyllites gen. nov. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae) is here erected for these fossils. They are the first representatives of Petalophyllaceae and the Fossombroniales from the fossil record. Most of the specimens are in growth position. Their geologic setting and associated fossils indicate that Petalophyllites lived at the margin of a lake or pond in a habitat that may have been intermittently dry, as is also common in extant species of Petalophyllum. The well-preserved thalli and antheridia of these fossils, and their well-documented middle Paleocene age, provide new evidence of liverwort diversification at the dawn of the Cenozoic Era.
植物学，第101卷，第10期，第462-470页，2023年10月。尽管地茅(Marchantiophyta)被认为是最古老的陆地植物谱系之一，但它们的化石记录却很少。本文描述了加拿大阿尔伯塔省古新世Paskapoo组的5个新苔类配子体化石，其中1个带有卵头。菌体两侧对称，有两个未解剖的翅膀，背片相反排列。一个标本是二分叉的，一个沿着其背表面的中脉区域有簇生的肛门。这些特征与现存叶叶属植物的特征一致。Gottsche ex Lehm。(Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae)，此处为这些化石建立了Petalophyllites gen. 11 . (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae)属。它们是化石记录中最早出现的叶藻科和Fossombroniales的代表。大部分标本处于生长位置。它们的地质环境和相关化石表明，瓣叶植物生活在湖泊或池塘的边缘，栖息地可能是间歇性干燥的，这在现存的瓣叶植物物种中也很常见。这些化石中保存完好的菌体和肛门体，以及它们在古新世中期的良好记录，为新生代初期的苔类多样化提供了新的证据。
{"title":"Petalophyllites speirsiae gen. et sp. nov. (Marchantiophyta: Fossombroniales), a fossil liverwort gametophyte from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada","authors":"Georgia L. Hoffman, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Botany, Volume 101, Issue 10, Page 462-470, October 2023. <br/> Although liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are postulated to be one of the oldest lineages of land plants, their documented fossil record is sparse. This study describes five new fossil liverwort gametophytes, one of which bears antheridia, from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta, Canada. The thalli are bilaterally symmetrical, with two undissected wings that bear oppositely arranged dorsal lamellae. One specimen is dichotomously branched, and one bears clusters of antheridia along the midrib area of its dorsal surface. These characters are consistent with those of extant Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae), and the genus Petalophyllites gen. nov. (Fossombroniales: Petalophyllaceae) is here erected for these fossils. They are the first representatives of Petalophyllaceae and the Fossombroniales from the fossil record. Most of the specimens are in growth position. Their geologic setting and associated fossils indicate that Petalophyllites lived at the margin of a lake or pond in a habitat that may have been intermittently dry, as is also common in extant species of Petalophyllum. The well-preserved thalli and antheridia of these fossils, and their well-documented middle Paleocene age, provide new evidence of liverwort diversification at the dawn of the Cenozoic Era.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Cjk Krebs, Rudy Boonstra, A. J. Kenney, Elizabeth J. Hofer, Thomas S. Jung, M. O’Donoghue
Groundberries are an important component of the flora of the boreal forest and provide seasonally important food for many birds and mammals, as well as local people in northern Canada. Here we ask if there has been a change in the cover of groundberries in the Yukon boreal forest over the last two decades. We monitored five common species at undisturbed forest sites spaced 300 km apart. At our Kluane site we monitored 710 fixed quadrats per year for 26 years (1997–2022), and at Mayo 500 quadrats per year for 18 years (2005–2022). The cover of four species, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry), Arctostaphylos rubra (red bearberry), Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), and Geocaulon lividum (toadflax), declined annually by 0.2-0.8% at both sites. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) increased annually by 0.5 and 0.8%. We tested if increases in summer temperature and rainfall were correlated with the observed changes but found no significant relationships. These boreal plants are changing in abundance, but we have limited data on the extent and speed of these changes. We recommend experiments to understand the cause(s) of these changes in groundberry productivity. Our study is a start in monitoring important berry species in this critical ecosystem of northern Canada.
{"title":"Trends in groundberry cover under climate change in the southern and central Yukon, 1997 to 2022","authors":"Charles Cjk Krebs, Rudy Boonstra, A. J. Kenney, Elizabeth J. Hofer, Thomas S. Jung, M. O’Donoghue","doi":"10.1139/cjb-2023-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Groundberries are an important component of the flora of the boreal forest and provide seasonally important food for many birds and mammals, as well as local people in northern Canada. Here we ask if there has been a change in the cover of groundberries in the Yukon boreal forest over the last two decades. We monitored five common species at undisturbed forest sites spaced 300 km apart. At our Kluane site we monitored 710 fixed quadrats per year for 26 years (1997–2022), and at Mayo 500 quadrats per year for 18 years (2005–2022). The cover of four species, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry), Arctostaphylos rubra (red bearberry), Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), and Geocaulon lividum (toadflax), declined annually by 0.2-0.8% at both sites. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) increased annually by 0.5 and 0.8%. We tested if increases in summer temperature and rainfall were correlated with the observed changes but found no significant relationships. These boreal plants are changing in abundance, but we have limited data on the extent and speed of these changes. We recommend experiments to understand the cause(s) of these changes in groundberry productivity. Our study is a start in monitoring important berry species in this critical ecosystem of northern Canada.","PeriodicalId":9092,"journal":{"name":"Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ornelas, S. Galicia, A. Vásquez-Aguilar, A. Vovides
Fruits of Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae) mistletoes depend on frugivorous birds for seed dispersal; however, despite the importance of birds in their dispersal and distribution, the external fruit morphology and anatomy and seedling remain poorly studied. Here, we describe the fruit anatomy and seedling of host generalist Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Cham. & Schltdl.) G. Don (Loranthaceae), a mistletoe species occurring from Mexico to Panama. Fully developed unripe fruits and ripe fruits were collected, processed for microphotography, and examined to describe fruit external morphology and anatomy. The following parts were observed in fruits: exocarp, viscin layer, seed coat, and the polycotylous embryo. Longitudinal sections also show the inverted position of the embryo. The fruits of Psittacanthus schiedeanus contain a polycotylous embryo and no endosperm. The absence of endosperm in the mature seed and the massive cotyledons having the storage function for the germinating seedling await further Psittacanthus species comparisons to end the pretending controversy of the polycotylous embryo and between having or not having endosperm in Psittacanthus.
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