Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010042
K. Samuelsson, U. Carlberg, Malin Hesselstrand, Elisabet Olander, E. Wressle
Aim: The aim was to describe the effect of a multidisciplinary pain management program, in terms of patientreported occupational performance and satisfaction with performance.Methods: The study is a retrospective, case series study. Data from interviews documented routinely in patient medical records were used. Interviews were made at introduction, on conclusion and six months after a pain management program. Data from all participants (n=85) introduced during one year, were analysed. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used as the main outcome measure.Results: Estimated occupational performance as well as satisfaction with performance improved between measures (occupational performance p<0.001; satisfaction with performance p<0.001). The percentage of participants, who improved two or more points on the COPM ten-point scale between baseline and the 6-month follow up, was 27% for occupational performance and 40% for satisfaction with performance.Conclusion: The findings raise questions regarding what the team might learn from different ways of scrutinizing results; the relevant level of MID in this program; and the overall objective in terms of the proportion of clients who reported a ‘successful’ outcome in occupational performance and satisfaction with performance, based on the identified MID. These questions need to be further analysed and discussed within the professional team.
{"title":"Patient-Reported Outcome of a Multidisciplinary Pain Management Program, Focusing on Occupational Performance and Satisfaction with Performance","authors":"K. Samuelsson, U. Carlberg, Malin Hesselstrand, Elisabet Olander, E. Wressle","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010042","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim was to describe the effect of a multidisciplinary pain management program, in terms of patientreported occupational performance and satisfaction with performance.Methods: The study is a retrospective, case series study. Data from interviews documented routinely in patient medical records were used. Interviews were made at introduction, on conclusion and six months after a pain management program. Data from all participants (n=85) introduced during one year, were analysed. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used as the main outcome measure.Results: Estimated occupational performance as well as satisfaction with performance improved between measures (occupational performance p<0.001; satisfaction with performance p<0.001). The percentage of participants, who improved two or more points on the COPM ten-point scale between baseline and the 6-month follow up, was 27% for occupational performance and 40% for satisfaction with performance.Conclusion: The findings raise questions regarding what the team might learn from different ways of scrutinizing results; the relevant level of MID in this program; and the overall objective in terms of the proportion of clients who reported a ‘successful’ outcome in occupational performance and satisfaction with performance, based on the identified MID. These questions need to be further analysed and discussed within the professional team.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68100035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-02DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010032
Yoshitaka Tateishi, Y. Eguchi, Yoshiki Tohyama, K. Hirata, S. Fujimoto
This study examined the dynamics of muscle oxygenation during exercise between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and age-matched healthy controls. Oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis muscle (SmO2) was measured during incremental cycle exercise in 11 patients with exercise intolerance below the anaerobic threshold (AT) workload (COPD-AT(-)), 11 patients with exercise intolerance above the AT workload (COPD-AT(+)), and 8 controls by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Despite lower peak workload in COPD patients than in controls, trough SmO2 in COPD-AT(-) patients was significantly lower than SmO2 at the AT workload in controls, and was the same level as trough SmO2 in COPD-AT(+) patients and trough SmO2 in controls. The decrease of SmO2 was correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second % in COPD-AT(+) patients, and with exercise-induced hypoxemia in COPD-AT(-) patients. In conclusion, muscle oxygenation status deteriorates more steeply during exercise in COPD patients than in age-matched controls. Such severe impairment of muscle oxygenation in COPD patients may be affected by the impairment of lung function caused by COPD.
{"title":"Impaired Muscle Oxygenation During Incremental Cycle Exercise in COPD Patients Compared with Age-Matched Healthy Subjects","authors":"Yoshitaka Tateishi, Y. Eguchi, Yoshiki Tohyama, K. Hirata, S. Fujimoto","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010032","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the dynamics of muscle oxygenation during exercise between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and age-matched healthy controls. Oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis muscle (SmO2) was measured during incremental cycle exercise in 11 patients with exercise intolerance below the anaerobic threshold (AT) workload (COPD-AT(-)), 11 patients with exercise intolerance above the AT workload (COPD-AT(+)), and 8 controls by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Despite lower peak workload in COPD patients than in controls, trough SmO2 in COPD-AT(-) patients was significantly lower than SmO2 at the AT workload in controls, and was the same level as trough SmO2 in COPD-AT(+) patients and trough SmO2 in controls. The decrease of SmO2 was correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second % in COPD-AT(+) patients, and with exercise-induced hypoxemia in COPD-AT(-) patients. In conclusion, muscle oxygenation status deteriorates more steeply during exercise in COPD patients than in age-matched controls. Such severe impairment of muscle oxygenation in COPD patients may be affected by the impairment of lung function caused by COPD.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68100022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-26DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010028
Shannon Emmerson, Gina D. Tillard, T. Ormond, R. Ramsay, Brooke Moore
Clinical educators use a variety of methods to facilitate student development of critical thinking. One method is the use of effective questioning within written feedback. High level questions help to facilitate critical thinking by requiring the student to evaluate or make judgment on a clinical situation. As students progress through a continuum of competency from novice to graduate, the nature of feedback changes from directives to questions in response to the students' developing critical thinking abilities. This research notes details aspects in written feedback within a speech pathology educational setting. Novice students received lower level questions and more directives compared to advanced students. Suggestions for monitoring the ways in which questions are presented within written feedback are discussed.
{"title":"Questions Posed within Written Feedback in Clinical Education: A Research Note","authors":"Shannon Emmerson, Gina D. Tillard, T. Ormond, R. Ramsay, Brooke Moore","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010028","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical educators use a variety of methods to facilitate student development of critical thinking. One method is the use of effective questioning within written feedback. High level questions help to facilitate critical thinking by requiring the student to evaluate or make judgment on a clinical situation. As students progress through a continuum of competency from novice to graduate, the nature of feedback changes from directives to questions in response to the students' developing critical thinking abilities. This research notes details aspects in written feedback within a speech pathology educational setting. Novice students received lower level questions and more directives compared to advanced students. Suggestions for monitoring the ways in which questions are presented within written feedback are discussed.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68100008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-15DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010023
Gina D. Tillard, K. Lawson, Shannon Emmerson
Background: This study arose as the Course Leader sought feedback on the adequacy of the programme to prepare new graduates for professional practice. Aims: The aim was to examine how well an undergraduate degree programme prepared speech pathology graduates for the workforce, focussing on a range of core competencies including theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and professionalism. Methods & Procedures: Thirty new graduates and 30 employers were approached to participate in the study, with 19 and 16 accepting respectively. A written survey of 15 questions, 11 of which employed a Likert 5-point scale, and four of which were open-ended requiring a short written answer. Of the 11 rateable questions, nine were directed at both graduates and employers and the remaining three were directed at either group. Results were subjected to non-parametric between group comparisons. Open-ended questions were scanned for themes. Outcomes and Results: Employers and graduates did not differ on their perception of new graduate competence across all skill areas except writing skills. The employers rated the new graduates significantly lower on writing skills than did graduates. Both employers and graduates believed they were well-prepared for professional practice. Emerging themes in the open-ended questions were the continuity of location of clinical placements and employment, professional development, professional support, integration of academic and clinical education, and specific topic areas of strengths and weaknesses in the undergraduate curriculum. Conclusions: The study provides insight as to the preparedness of new SLP graduates upon entering the workforce. Considering the views of both the new graduate and employer are vital if university programmes are to address the expanding scope of practice in the field of communication sciences and disorders.
{"title":"Perceptions of the Clinical Competence of New Speech-Language Pathology Graduates in New Zealand: A Research Note","authors":"Gina D. Tillard, K. Lawson, Shannon Emmerson","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study arose as the Course Leader sought feedback on the adequacy of the programme to prepare new graduates for professional practice. Aims: The aim was to examine how well an undergraduate degree programme prepared speech pathology graduates for the workforce, focussing on a range of core competencies including theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and professionalism. Methods & Procedures: Thirty new graduates and 30 employers were approached to participate in the study, with 19 and 16 accepting respectively. A written survey of 15 questions, 11 of which employed a Likert 5-point scale, and four of which were open-ended requiring a short written answer. Of the 11 rateable questions, nine were directed at both graduates and employers and the remaining three were directed at either group. Results were subjected to non-parametric between group comparisons. Open-ended questions were scanned for themes. Outcomes and Results: Employers and graduates did not differ on their perception of new graduate competence across all skill areas except writing skills. The employers rated the new graduates significantly lower on writing skills than did graduates. Both employers and graduates believed they were well-prepared for professional practice. Emerging themes in the open-ended questions were the continuity of location of clinical placements and employment, professional development, professional support, integration of academic and clinical education, and specific topic areas of strengths and weaknesses in the undergraduate curriculum. Conclusions: The study provides insight as to the preparedness of new SLP graduates upon entering the workforce. Considering the views of both the new graduate and employer are vital if university programmes are to address the expanding scope of practice in the field of communication sciences and disorders.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68099990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-17DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010013
V. Kulyukin, W. Crandall, D. Coster
A growing number of individuals who are blind or visually impaired is using smartphones in their daily activities. The touchscreen is a standard component of smartphones. While benefitting people with low vision by enhancing control of the text style and color and the size of images and text, the touchscreen has the downside for visually impaired users in that physical buttons for input of command selection and text entry are replaced with the touchscreen's soft buttons. To overcome this limitation, we are investigating eyes-free approaches to using the smartphone's touchscreen for information browsing. In this article, we present a laboratory study of three eyes-free touchscreen user interfaces for browsing menu hierarchies. Our findings indicate that quality of experience and familiarity may be as important as the time efficiency of completing tasks.
{"title":"Efficiency or Quality of Experience: A Laboratory Study of Three Eyes- Free Touchscreen Menu Browsing User Interfaces for Mobile Phones","authors":"V. Kulyukin, W. Crandall, D. Coster","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010013","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of individuals who are blind or visually impaired is using smartphones in their daily activities. The touchscreen is a standard component of smartphones. While benefitting people with low vision by enhancing control of the text style and color and the size of images and text, the touchscreen has the downside for visually impaired users in that physical buttons for input of command selection and text entry are replaced with the touchscreen's soft buttons. To overcome this limitation, we are investigating eyes-free approaches to using the smartphone's touchscreen for information browsing. In this article, we present a laboratory study of three eyes-free touchscreen user interfaces for browsing menu hierarchies. Our findings indicate that quality of experience and familiarity may be as important as the time efficiency of completing tasks.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68099979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-14DOI: 10.2174/1874943701104010001
R. Simpson, R. Mankowski, H. Koester
Single switch scanning has lots of different configuration options. One way to choose the most appropriate configuration for a client is to use a model to predict performance under different configurations. Most existing models expect error-free performance, however, and none integrates all the types of errors that can occur and the variety of error- correction methods that are available. A model is presented which predicts user performance for single-switch row- column scanning with errors and error-correction methods. The model is used to draw conclusions about the utility of different error-correction methods.
{"title":"Modeling One-Switch Row-Column Scanning with Errors and Error Correction Methods","authors":"R. Simpson, R. Mankowski, H. Koester","doi":"10.2174/1874943701104010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701104010001","url":null,"abstract":"Single switch scanning has lots of different configuration options. One way to choose the most appropriate configuration for a client is to use a model to predict performance under different configurations. Most existing models expect error-free performance, however, and none integrates all the types of errors that can occur and the variety of error- correction methods that are available. A model is presented which predicts user performance for single-switch row- column scanning with errors and error-correction methods. The model is used to draw conclusions about the utility of different error-correction methods.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68099968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874943701003010169
J. Swanenburg, E. D. Bruin, S. Hegemann, D. Uebelhart, T. Mulder
Background: Performance of additional tasks disturbs postural control in elderly. It is unknown, however, how postural control is affected in elderly fallers and non-fallers in a reduced sensory situation. Objective: To compare differences between single and dual tasking in three test conditions; (1) no-vision, (2) under reduced somatosensory information and (3) with a combination of both conditions. Design: An observational cohort study with participants assigned to a 12-month pretest fall assessment and a postural balance assessment. Methods: Fifteen independently living elderly participated (77.5 ± 7.0 [63-87] years). Falls were pre-assessed with a 1- year monthy “fall calendar”. Postural control was analyzed by means of a force platform. Participants were standing quiet (first task) while counting backwards (second task). A 2-factor (group x condition) ANOVA was performed at p<.05. Differences of postural (DTCp) and cognitive dual task costs (DTCc) between test conditions were analyzed (one-way ANOVA). Results: The analysis showed significant group (fallers/non-fallers) and condition effects. Post hoc analyses indicated that the postural control variables were significantly different during the concurrent reduced vision and somatosensory information. Dual task costs showed a significant difference between normal (N) and the combined condition (NV+RP) in non-fallers. Conclusion: The combination of reduced visual and somatosensory information causes a larger disturbance of postural stability compared with the reduction of visual or somatosensory information alone. Non-fallers seem to have no threats to the postural control stability in this combined reduced sensory situation. They reduce their postural control, which leaves them enough resources to compensate for the reduced sensory information.
{"title":"Dual Tasking Under Compromised Visual and Somatosensory Input in Elderly Fallers and Non-Fallers","authors":"J. Swanenburg, E. D. Bruin, S. Hegemann, D. Uebelhart, T. Mulder","doi":"10.2174/1874943701003010169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701003010169","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Performance of additional tasks disturbs postural control in elderly. It is unknown, however, how \u0000postural control is affected in elderly fallers and non-fallers in a reduced sensory situation. \u0000 \u0000Objective: To compare differences between single and dual tasking in three test conditions; (1) no-vision, (2) under \u0000reduced somatosensory information and (3) with a combination of both conditions. \u0000 \u0000Design: An observational cohort study with participants assigned to a 12-month pretest fall assessment and a postural balance assessment. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Fifteen independently living elderly participated (77.5 ± 7.0 [63-87] years). Falls were pre-assessed with a 1- year monthy “fall calendar”. Postural control was analyzed by means of a force platform. Participants were standing quiet (first task) while counting backwards (second task). A 2-factor (group x condition) ANOVA was performed at p<.05. \u0000 \u0000Differences of postural (DTCp) and cognitive dual task costs (DTCc) between test conditions were analyzed (one-way \u0000ANOVA). \u0000 \u0000Results: The analysis showed significant group (fallers/non-fallers) and condition effects. Post hoc analyses indicated that the postural control variables were significantly different during the concurrent reduced vision and somatosensory information. \u0000 \u0000Dual task costs showed a significant difference between normal (N) and the combined condition (NV+RP) in non-fallers. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The combination of reduced visual and somatosensory information causes a larger disturbance of postural stability compared with the reduction of visual or somatosensory information alone. Non-fallers seem to have no threats to the postural control stability in this combined reduced sensory situation. They reduce their postural control, which leaves them enough resources to compensate for the reduced sensory information.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68099784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-05DOI: 10.2174/1874943701003010110
Y. Blanc, U. Dimanico
This paper is an introduction to a workshop on electrodes location and specific exercises. Selectivity of EMG electrodes depends on their interspacing, their conductive area and axis direction with respect to the direction of the underlying muscular fibres. Minimal cross talk area (MCA) helps to limit or avoid crosstalk from neighbouring muscles. We present examples of MCA and typical sEMG patterns during specific exercises.
{"title":"Electrode Placement in Surface Electromyography (sEMG) ”Minimal Crosstalk Area“ (MCA)","authors":"Y. Blanc, U. Dimanico","doi":"10.2174/1874943701003010110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701003010110","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an introduction to a workshop on electrodes location and specific exercises. Selectivity of EMG electrodes depends on their interspacing, their conductive area and axis direction with respect to the direction of the underlying muscular fibres. Minimal cross talk area (MCA) helps to limit or avoid crosstalk from neighbouring muscles. We present examples of MCA and typical sEMG patterns during specific exercises.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"110-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68098696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-05DOI: 10.2174/1874943701003010084
Y. Blanc, U. Dimanico
Study of muscles started probably when someone tried to understand how he can move from A to B and executes movements at will. Knowledge was always dependent on the technology available to conduct investigation. Religious belief had a negative impact on muscle study when interfering with dissection of human corpse. During the Italian Renaissance (end of XIV th to beginning of XVI th century), study of muscles was first descriptive, based on dissection. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Michael Angelo (1475-1564) exaggerated the bulk of muscles. Their first concern was the influence of the volume of the superficial muscle on the surface modelling represented in their paintings and sculptures. Leonardo da Vinci multiplied the number of bundles of some muscles. Most of his representations of tendon insertions are imprecise. Leonardo da Vinci applied mechanical principles to rib, elbow kinematics and kinetics of the foot. Vesalius (1514-1574) was a medical doctor and an anatomist. His anatomical plates are remarkable because they respect most of the relationships between muscles. Then Galileo (1564-1642), Borelli (1608- 1679) and Newton (1642-1727) thought that physics and mechanical laws governed motility of animal and human body alike. Incidental discovery of electro stimulation effect on muscle in Galvani's laboratory and electric current concomitant of muscles contraction by Matteucci and Du Bois Reymond were major breakthroughs. Recording of this current was the starting point for ECG, EMG and EEG. ECG entered first in the clinic. EMG and EEG waited for cathode ray oscilloscope. The Voltaic Pile and faradic current opened the door of electrical stimulation to Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875). Matteucci's (1811-1868) publications inspired and stimulated Du Bois Reymond. Du Bois Reymond (1818-1889) repeated and completed his experiments on frogs. He designed a very sensitive galvanometer with which he recorded his own global EMG. EMG remained a curiosity of laboratory until Erlander (1874- 1965) and his pupil Gasser (1888-1963) improved the cathode ray oscilloscope for electrophysiological recordings. A combination of orthopaedic surgeons, engineers and physiologists in Berkeley (1945) systematically recorded EMG during gait of normal man. EMG biofeedback and phonomyography have also raised interest by clinicians. Their EMG signals processing in the time domain (full wave rectification miscalled integrated EMG) was later completed in the early '80s by computation of the root mean square on personal computers. Despite all factors minimizing the reliability of analysis based on amplitude of the EMG signals, these methods still represent the clinician's routine tool today. Since 1999, researchers have proven the benefits of muscular intensity analysis, time frequency analysis, mapping of spatio temporal activity. We deplore that the corresponding software is not available for clinicians. Multivariate methods of statistics allow the compa
对肌肉的研究可能始于有人试图理解他如何从A点移动到B点，并随心所欲地执行动作。知识总是依赖于现有的进行调查的技术。宗教信仰干扰人体解剖时，对肌肉研究有负面影响。在意大利文艺复兴时期(十四世纪末至十六世纪初)，对肌肉的研究首先是描述性的，基于解剖。像达芬奇(1452-1519)和米开朗基罗(1475-1564)这样的艺术家夸大了肌肉的体积。他们首先关注的是表面肌肉的体积对他们绘画和雕塑中所表现的表面造型的影响。列奥纳多·达·芬奇把一些肌肉束的数量增加了一倍。他对肌腱插入的描述大多是不精确的。列奥纳多·达·芬奇将机械原理应用于肋骨、肘部的运动学和足部的动力学。维萨里(1514-1574)是一位医生和解剖学家。他的解剖板是非凡的，因为它们尊重了肌肉之间的大部分关系。然后，伽利略(1564-1642)、博雷利(1608- 1679)和牛顿(1642-1727)认为，物理和机械定律支配着动物和人体的运动。伽伐尼实验室偶然发现的肌肉电刺激效应和Matteucci和Du Bois Reymond偶然发现的肌肉收缩伴随电流是重大突破。该电流的记录是心电图、肌电图和脑电图的起点。首先进入诊所的是心电图。肌电和脑电图等待阴极射线示波器。伏打电堆和法拉第电流为布洛涅(1806-1875)打开了电刺激的大门。马特乌奇(1811-1868)的著作启发和激励了杜波依斯·雷蒙。杜波依斯·雷蒙(1818-1889)重复并完成了他对青蛙的实验。他设计了一个非常灵敏的振镜，用它来记录他自己的全球肌电图。在Erlander(1874- 1965)和他的学生Gasser(1888-1963)改进了用于电生理记录的阴极射线示波器之前，肌电图一直是实验室的好奇心。伯克利的骨科医生、工程师和生理学家(1945)系统地记录了正常人走路时的肌电图。肌电图生物反馈和声像术也引起了临床医生的兴趣。他们的肌电信号时域处理(全波整流，误称集成肌电信号)后来在80年代初在个人电脑上通过计算均方根完成。尽管所有因素都降低了基于肌电图信号振幅分析的可靠性，但这些方法仍然是当今临床医生的常规工具。自1999年以来，研究人员已经证明了肌肉强度分析、时频分析、时空活动映射的好处。我们遗憾的是，没有相应的软件可供临床医生使用。多元统计方法可以比较病理状态下的肌电图，有助于鉴别诊断。
{"title":"History of the Study of Skeletal Muscle Function with Emphasis on Kinesiological Electromyography","authors":"Y. Blanc, U. Dimanico","doi":"10.2174/1874943701003010084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701003010084","url":null,"abstract":"Study of muscles started probably when someone tried to understand how he can move from A to B and executes movements at will. Knowledge was always dependent on the technology available to conduct investigation. Religious belief had a negative impact on muscle study when interfering with dissection of human corpse. During the Italian Renaissance (end of XIV th to beginning of XVI th century), study of muscles was first descriptive, based on dissection. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Michael Angelo (1475-1564) exaggerated the bulk of muscles. Their first concern was the influence of the volume of the superficial muscle on the surface modelling represented in their paintings and sculptures. Leonardo da Vinci multiplied the number of bundles of some muscles. Most of his representations of tendon insertions are imprecise. Leonardo da Vinci applied mechanical principles to rib, elbow kinematics and kinetics of the foot. Vesalius (1514-1574) was a medical doctor and an anatomist. His anatomical plates are remarkable because they respect most of the relationships between muscles. Then Galileo (1564-1642), Borelli (1608- 1679) and Newton (1642-1727) thought that physics and mechanical laws governed motility of animal and human body alike. Incidental discovery of electro stimulation effect on muscle in Galvani's laboratory and electric current concomitant of muscles contraction by Matteucci and Du Bois Reymond were major breakthroughs. Recording of this current was the starting point for ECG, EMG and EEG. ECG entered first in the clinic. EMG and EEG waited for cathode ray oscilloscope. The Voltaic Pile and faradic current opened the door of electrical stimulation to Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875). Matteucci's (1811-1868) publications inspired and stimulated Du Bois Reymond. Du Bois Reymond (1818-1889) repeated and completed his experiments on frogs. He designed a very sensitive galvanometer with which he recorded his own global EMG. EMG remained a curiosity of laboratory until Erlander (1874- 1965) and his pupil Gasser (1888-1963) improved the cathode ray oscilloscope for electrophysiological recordings. A combination of orthopaedic surgeons, engineers and physiologists in Berkeley (1945) systematically recorded EMG during gait of normal man. EMG biofeedback and phonomyography have also raised interest by clinicians. Their EMG signals processing in the time domain (full wave rectification miscalled integrated EMG) was later completed in the early '80s by computation of the root mean square on personal computers. Despite all factors minimizing the reliability of analysis based on amplitude of the EMG signals, these methods still represent the clinician's routine tool today. Since 1999, researchers have proven the benefits of muscular intensity analysis, time frequency analysis, mapping of spatio temporal activity. We deplore that the corresponding software is not available for clinicians. Multivariate methods of statistics allow the compa","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"84-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68098580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-05DOI: 10.2174/1874943701003010127
G. Bosco
Surface electromyography (EMG) is a widely used, straight-forward, technique which allows to investigate patterns of neuromuscular activation. In contrast to the relative simplicity of the recording technique, the analysis of the derived electric signals may be rather sophisticated. The last decade, in particular, has been characterized by the development of a several quantitative approaches to the analysis of the EMG signals. The common principle underlying these analyses is the decomposition of the EMG signal waveforms in a small set of basis waveforms that capture most of the relevant features of the source EMGs and define a low-dimensional space on which the original EMG activation patterns can be represented as vectors. This could be particularly useful when the aim is to classify quantitatively EMG patterns recorded across muscles or from the same muscle across several motor tasks. Within this framework, this article will be focused on one of these approaches, the Principal Component Analysis, which has a strong potential for large scale diffusion both in research and clinical settings because of its conceptual simplicity and high practicality. The intent is to provide an overview/tutorial of the PCA applied to surface EMG signals, first by outlining the main methodological aspects and, then, by drawing examples from the movement control literature where PCA has been used effectively to gain insight on the neural processes that may underlie the control of common actions of our motor repertoire such as arm pointing and gait.
{"title":"Principal Component Analysis of Electromyographic Signals: An Overview","authors":"G. Bosco","doi":"10.2174/1874943701003010127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874943701003010127","url":null,"abstract":"Surface electromyography (EMG) is a widely used, straight-forward, technique which allows to investigate patterns of neuromuscular activation. In contrast to the relative simplicity of the recording technique, the analysis of the derived electric signals may be rather sophisticated. The last decade, in particular, has been characterized by the development of a several quantitative approaches to the analysis of the EMG signals. The common principle underlying these analyses is the decomposition of the EMG signal waveforms in a small set of basis waveforms that capture most of the relevant features of the source EMGs and define a low-dimensional space on which the original EMG activation patterns can be represented as vectors. This could be particularly useful when the aim is to classify quantitatively EMG patterns recorded across muscles or from the same muscle across several motor tasks. Within this framework, this article will be focused on one of these approaches, the Principal Component Analysis, which has a strong potential for large scale diffusion both in research and clinical settings because of its conceptual simplicity and high practicality. The intent is to provide an overview/tutorial of the PCA applied to surface EMG signals, first by outlining the main methodological aspects and, then, by drawing examples from the movement control literature where PCA has been used effectively to gain insight on the neural processes that may underlie the control of common actions of our motor repertoire such as arm pointing and gait.","PeriodicalId":90985,"journal":{"name":"The open rehabilitation journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68100080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：