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Public Health Impact and Health System Preparedness within a Changing Climate in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review 孟加拉国气候变化下的公共卫生影响和卫生系统准备:范围审查
Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010004
M. Nahian
Bangladesh, one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world is also severely exposed to climate change (CC) impacts with a multitude of health complexities. Health adaptation to CC is thus a serious issue in Bangladesh, but not explored properly from a health system and policy environment perspective. In order to address this gap and provide a holistic picture of the overall scenario, this scoping review explores CC impacts on the population health in Bangladesh and discusses the policy environment and health system preparedness against such climatic challenges. A total of 28 articles were reviewed following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. A “5-point scale” was devised to assess CC integration in the health sector Operational Plans (OPs). Though the country made significant progress in different health indicators, poverty and income inequality have kept marginal communities out of many health provisions. There are four major stakeholders in the health system. The government sector is handicapped by poor governance, bureaucratic processes, and staff shortages; and primarily focuses on the public sector only. National Health Policy (NHP) governs the health system through 29 sectoral OPs, that put CC as a major cross-cutting issue. About 25% of the OPs have fully integrated CC and other OPs have significant CC co-benefits. In Bangladesh CC was linked to increased morbidity and mortality, diarrhea, cholera, skin problems, respiratory infections, malaria, dengue, kala azar, pre-eclampsia, and hypertension. Significant research gaps exist on child health, migrant health, and mental health. Integration of research evidence into policy, planning and program design is largely absent. However, prioritizing health for the National Adaptation Plan is an essential step towards establishing a climate-resilient health system.
孟加拉国是世界上最容易发生灾害的国家之一,也严重受到气候变化影响的影响,造成许多健康方面的复杂问题。因此,卫生适应CC是孟加拉国的一个严重问题,但没有从卫生系统和政策环境的角度进行适当的探讨。为了解决这一差距并提供总体情况的整体情况,本范围审查探讨了CC对孟加拉国人口健康的影响,并讨论了应对此类气候挑战的政策环境和卫生系统准备。按照Arksey和O 'Malley的范围审查框架,总共审查了28篇文章。制定了一个"五分制",以评估卫生部门业务计划中共同协作的整合情况。尽管该国在不同的健康指标方面取得了重大进展,但贫困和收入不平等使边缘社区无法获得许多保健服务。卫生系统中有四个主要的利益相关者。政府部门因治理不善、官僚程序和人员短缺而受到阻碍;而且主要集中在公共部门。国家卫生政策(NHP)通过29个部门项目管理卫生系统,这使CC成为一个主要的跨部门问题。约25%的OPs完全集成了CC,其他OPs具有显著的CC协同效益。在孟加拉国,CC与发病率和死亡率增加、腹泻、霍乱、皮肤问题、呼吸道感染、疟疾、登革热、黑热病、先兆子痫和高血压有关。在儿童健康、移民健康和心理健康方面存在重大的研究差距。将研究证据整合到政策、规划和方案设计中基本上是不存在的。然而,将卫生作为国家适应计划的优先事项是朝着建立气候适应型卫生系统迈出的重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Youth-Centred Planetary Health Education 以青年为中心的全球健康教育
Pub Date : 2023-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010003
Kate C. Tilleczek, Mark Terry, Deborah MacDonald, James Orbinski, James Stinson
This paper presents data and analyses from our Planetary Health Film Lab (PHFL) and its sister project the Youth Climate Report. Qualitative data include semi-structured interviews with youth and their educators and content analysis of films produced by young people (ages 19–25) from six countries (Australia, Columbia, Ecuador, Italy, India, Canada). The educative processes designed for the Planetary Health Film Lab are illustrative of our work to build the field of planetary health education that is with/for young people whose educative projects are mobilized in turn to educate wider audiences and for policy change. The analyses show how youth document and record planetary health concerns alongside responsive projects that are embedded in awareness of climate justice and their interconnected ecological systems. The qualitative content analyses of selected films resulted in three themes: (1) Anthropogenic footprints, (2) Ecological and climate justice, and (3) Collective local/global solutions. Data also illustrates how young people’s participation in educative film projects contribute to the education of others and address related intergenerational justice issues. Implications for the knowledge, ethics and practices of youth-centred planetary health education are discussed as they augment the Framework for Planetary Health. Youth are crucial but overlooked collaborators in redressing planetary health education, an error we begin to correct through transdisciplinary approaches with/for young people who could help define the field.
本文介绍了我们的行星健康电影实验室(PHFL)及其姊妹项目“青年气候报告”的数据和分析。定性数据包括对来自六个国家(澳大利亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、意大利、印度、加拿大)的年轻人及其教育工作者进行的半结构化访谈和对年轻人(19-25岁)制作的电影的内容分析。为行星健康电影实验室设计的教育过程说明了我们为建立面向年轻人的行星健康教育领域所做的工作,这些年轻人的教育项目反过来被动员起来教育更广泛的受众和促进政策变革。这些分析显示了青年如何记录和记录地球健康问题,以及融入气候正义意识及其相互关联的生态系统的响应性项目。所选影片的定性内容分析产生了三个主题:(1)人为足迹,(2)生态和气候正义,以及(3)集体的地方/全球解决方案。数据还说明了年轻人参与教育电影项目如何有助于他人的教育和解决相关的代际正义问题。讨论了以青年为中心的地球健康教育对知识、伦理和实践的影响,因为它们充实了《地球健康框架》。在纠正地球健康教育方面,青年是至关重要但被忽视的合作者,我们开始通过与年轻人合作/为年轻人提供跨学科方法来纠正这一错误,他们可以帮助定义这一领域。
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引用次数: 2
The Cooperative Spirit of Nature in the Kalevala Creation Myth: An Argument for Modern Animism 卡勒瓦拉创造神话中的自然合作精神:对现代万物有灵论的论证
Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010002
C. Gant
The Finnish Kalevala epic contains a world-creation myth that exemplifies the essential cooperation between humans and the nature spirits that inhabit the land. These stories not only reflect the culture’s animistic worldview, they also contain a remarkable awareness of how humans depend on the wisdom of nature to survive and illustrate how that coexistence benefits both humans and nature—a perspective that can be increasingly valuable in the modern era.
芬兰的卡勒瓦拉史诗包含了一个创造世界的神话,它体现了人类与居住在这片土地上的自然精神之间必不可少的合作。这些故事不仅反映了文化中万物有灵论的世界观,还包含了人类如何依赖自然智慧生存的非凡意识,并说明了人类和自然的共存如何使人类和自然受益——这种观点在现代越来越有价值。
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引用次数: 0
100 Important Questions about Bitcoin’s Energy Use and ESG Impacts 关于比特币能源使用和ESG影响的100个重要问题
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010001
M. Rudd
Bitcoin critics have argued that energy-intensive Bitcoin production and adoption will exacerbate global warming. Conversely, Bitcoin advocates have been dismayed by critics’ apparent lack of willingness to scrutinize Bitcoin’s potential role in helping to improve the economics of renewable energy investments, reduce net emissions from methane venting and flaring, increase electricity grid efficiency, and provide higher-order environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. Given the disparate views, there is a pressing need to identify key knowledge needs regarding Bitcoin’s net energy use, carbon emissions, and direct and indirect ESG impacts. I used a variation on the ‘key questions’ horizon scanning approach to identify 100 questions that, if answered, could help provide credible evidence to support policymakers’, investors’, and research funders’ decision-making on issues relating to the impact of Bitcoin production and adoption. The questions are distributed across 13 themes (ranging from energy use to social impacts). The breadth of knowledge required to answer key questions highlights the need to build research capacity, encourage collaborative cross-sectoral and -disciplinary research, and develop a prioritized research agenda. Defensible evidence for investors, regulators, and policymakers needs to consider Bitcoin’s complex net impacts on energy use and environmental, social, and governance benefits.
比特币的批评者认为,能源密集型的比特币生产和采用将加剧全球变暖。相反,比特币的支持者对批评者显然不愿仔细审查比特币在帮助改善可再生能源投资的经济性、减少甲烷排放和燃烧的净排放、提高电网效率以及提供更高层次的环境、社会和治理(ESG)效益方面的潜在作用感到沮丧。鉴于不同的观点,迫切需要确定有关比特币净能源使用、碳排放以及直接和间接ESG影响的关键知识需求。我使用了“关键问题”水平扫描方法的一种变体,确定了100个问题,如果这些问题得到回答,可以帮助提供可靠的证据,以支持政策制定者、投资者和研究资助者在与比特币生产和采用的影响有关的问题上做出决策。这些问题分布在13个主题中(从能源使用到社会影响)。回答关键问题所需的知识广度突出了建设研究能力、鼓励跨部门和跨学科合作研究以及制定优先研究议程的必要性。投资者、监管机构和政策制定者需要考虑比特币对能源使用以及环境、社会和治理效益的复杂净影响。
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引用次数: 6
Challenges and Adverse Effects of Wearing Face Masks in the COVID-19 Era 新冠肺炎时代佩戴口罩的挑战与负面影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020067
Francis Gyapong, Ethel Debrah, Maame Oforiwaa, A. Isawumi, L. Mosi
Background: The use of face masks was a significant part of the WHO COVID-19 preventive protocols. While their usage has been effective, lack of adherence by individuals has been associated with discomfort and adverse side effects. This might facilitate unnecessary exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby increasing the incidence of COVID-19. This study assessed the side effects of prolonged mask-wearing and offers recommendations for present and future pandemics. Methods: Adverse side effects of face masks were evaluated from November 2021 to February 2022 with a structured Google Forms online questionnaire. The survey targeted regular and occasional face mask users around the world. All responders anonymously completed the survey, which included ten structured questions with a sub-section on the effects of the continuous use of face masks. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the data were presented in graphs. Results: Almost 60% (1243) of the 2136 participants indicated discomfort while using face masks. Breathing difficulties and pain around the ears were cited as major causes of discomfort, accounting for 32% and 22%, respectively, of responses. Headaches were reported by 26.8% (572) of the respondents, with 44.6% experiencing one within 1 h of wearing a mask. Nine hundred and eight (908) respondents experienced nasal discomfort, while 412 individuals reported various skin-related discomfort, including excessive sweating around the mouth and acne. Conclusions: This study provides baseline data as to why there was less adherence to face mask use which includes headaches, skin irritation, ear pains, breathing difficulties, sore throat, dry eyes, and increased sweating around the mouth. As a result, this may contribute to an increased risk of infection. While COVID-19 lingers and the management of its undesirable effects persists into the future, it is vital that a superior mask design, concentrating on safety, comfort, and tolerability, be developed.
背景:使用口罩是世卫组织COVID-19预防方案的重要组成部分。虽然它们的使用是有效的,但个人缺乏坚持与不适和不良副作用有关。这可能会促进不必要的SARS-CoV-2病毒暴露,从而增加COVID-19的发病率。这项研究评估了长期佩戴口罩的副作用,并为当前和未来的大流行提出了建议。方法:采用结构化谷歌Forms在线问卷,对2021年11月至2022年2月期间口罩的不良反应进行评估。这项调查的对象是世界各地经常和偶尔使用口罩的人。所有应答者都匿名完成了调查,其中包括10个结构化问题,其中有一个关于持续使用口罩的影响的小节。对得到的信息进行描述性统计分析,并以图表的形式显示数据。结果:2136名参与者中,近60%(1243人)表示在使用口罩时感到不适。呼吸困难和耳朵周围疼痛被认为是不适的主要原因,分别占32%和22%。26.8%(572)的受访者报告头痛,44.6%的受访者在戴口罩后1小时内出现头痛。998名(908名)受访者经历了鼻腔不适,而412人报告了各种与皮肤有关的不适,包括口腔周围过度出汗和痤疮。结论:这项研究提供了关于为什么使用口罩的依从性较低的基线数据,包括头痛、皮肤刺激、耳痛、呼吸困难、喉咙痛、眼睛干涩和口周出汗增加。因此,这可能会增加感染的风险。尽管COVID-19仍在持续,未来仍需对其不良影响进行管理,但开发出一种注重安全性、舒适性和耐受性的优质口罩设计至关重要。
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引用次数: 8
Transitioning to Sustainable Healthcare: Decarbonising Healthcare Clinics, a Literature Review 向可持续医疗转型:脱碳医疗诊所,文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020068
David Duindam
Background: Climate change is one of the largest threats to human health and well-being globally. The healthcare industry itself currently contributes to fueling the climate crisis with its emissions and material consumption. There has been much research on decarbonising hospitals ecological/carbon footprints but very limited study on ways to assist healthcare clinics in transitioning to a low-carbon healthcare system. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted, and the results analysed. Results: The literature review revealed four important areas to act upon to decarbonise a healthcare clinic most efficiently. These are: energy use, waste minimisation/management, the behaviors/attitudes of staff, and decarbonising the supply chain. Conclusions: The pooled literature reveals an evidence-based set of recommendations or guiding principles to decarbonise healthcare clinics the most effectively. To maximise operational effectiveness, how this is achieved will differ between clinics. Although this research is written with reference to Australia, these identified ini-tiatives are likely to be relatable to many other countries healthcare systems. Decarbonising health clinics will contribute to a sector-wide transition to more sustainable healthcare that will lead to improved environmental, social, economic and health outcomes.
背景:气候变化是全球人类健康和福祉面临的最大威胁之一。目前,医疗保健行业本身的排放和材料消耗加剧了气候危机。关于医院生态/碳足迹脱碳的研究很多,但关于如何帮助医疗诊所向低碳医疗体系过渡的研究非常有限。方法:采用结构化文献复习法,并对结果进行分析。结果:文献综述揭示了四个重要领域采取行动,脱碳医疗诊所最有效。这些是:能源使用、废物最小化/管理、员工的行为/态度,以及使供应链脱碳。结论:汇集的文献揭示了一套以证据为基础的建议或指导原则,以最有效地使医疗保健诊所脱碳。为了最大限度地提高业务效率,各诊所如何实现这一目标将有所不同。虽然这项研究是写参考澳大利亚,这些确定的倡议很可能是相关的许多其他国家的医疗保健系统。诊所脱碳将有助于整个部门向更可持续的医疗保健过渡,从而改善环境、社会、经济和健康结果。
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引用次数: 2
Public Perception of Epilepsy in Rural Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces: A Quantitative Study on Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes 林波波省和普马兰加省农村公众对癫痫的认知:一项关于知识、意识和态度的定量研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020065
O. P. Musekwa, L. Makhado, A. Maphula
Although epilepsy is a common non-communicable neurological disease, lack of knowledge, awareness, and negative attitudes of it abound. This study aimed to explore public awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards epilepsy and people living with epilepsy (PLWE). RaoSoft software was used to calculate the sample size, and 4290 respondents were included. The researchers employed a non-experimental quantitative survey method. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and descriptive and regression analyses were performed. Most respondents had a secondary education without grade 12 (45.2%); 79.6% were unemployed in Limpopo and 70.5% in Mpumalanga. This study had a 95.3% response rate. Both provinces displayed low knowledge of epilepsy (48.2%; mean = 5.99; SD = 2.38). Only 41% demonstrated awareness, and 56.7% had a positive attitude towards epilepsy (mean= 4.67; SD = 1.90). The findings revealed positive correlations between demographic factors and overall knowledge, awareness, and attitude. In addition, demographic factors, such as level of education and employment status, may be associated with an individual’s knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards epilepsy. This study concluded that, despite individuals’ awareness of epilepsy, their levels of knowledge were low, and many (43.3%) had a negative attitude regarding the disease. In the two provinces investigated, the study highlighted the need for epilepsy education to empower the public and improve the quality of life of PLWE and their families.
虽然癫痫是一种常见的非传染性神经系统疾病,但缺乏知识、意识和消极态度比比皆是。本研究旨在探讨公众对癫痫和癫痫患者(PLWE)的认识、知识和态度。采用RaoSoft软件计算样本量,共纳入4290名受访者。研究人员采用了一种非实验的定量调查方法。使用问卷收集数据,并进行描述性和回归分析。大多数受访者只接受过中等教育(45.2%);林波波省和普马兰加省的失业率分别为79.6%和70.5%。本研究有效率为95.3%。两省对癫痫的认知程度均较低(48.2%);平均值= 5.99;Sd = 2.38)。只有41%的人对癫痫有所认识,56.7%的人对癫痫持积极态度(平均= 4.67;Sd = 1.90)。研究结果显示,人口因素与总体知识、意识和态度之间存在正相关关系。此外,人口因素,如教育水平和就业状况,可能与个人对癫痫的知识、认识和态度有关。这项研究的结论是,尽管个人对癫痫有一定的认识,但他们的知识水平很低,许多人(43.3%)对这种疾病持消极态度。在调查的两个省份中,该研究强调需要开展癫痫教育,以增强公众权能,并改善癫痫患者及其家庭的生活质量。
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引用次数: 2
Tackling AMR: A Call for a(n Even) More Integrated and Transdisciplinary Approach between Planetary Health and Earth Scientists 应对抗菌素耐药性:呼吁行星健康和地球科学家之间采取(甚至)更加综合和跨学科的方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020066
J. Cole, A. Eskdale, J. Paul
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global, one health and planetary health challenge. Links between climate change, antibiotic use, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance have been well documented, but less attention has been given to the impact(s) of earth systems on specific bacterial livestock diseases at a more granular level. Understanding the precise impacts of climate change on livestock health—and in turn the use of antibiotics to address that ill-health—is important in providing an evidence base from which to tackle such impacts and to develop practical, implementable, and locally acceptable solutions within and beyond current antibiotic stewardship programs. In this paper, we set out the case for better integration of earth scientists and their specific disciplinary skill set (specifically, problem-solving with incomplete/fragmentary data; the ability to work across four dimensions and at the interface between the present and deep/geological time) into planetary health research. Then, using a case study from our own research, we discuss a methodology that makes use of risk mapping, a common methodology in earth science but less frequently used in health science, to map disease risk against changing climatic conditions at a granular level. The aim of this exercise is to argue that, by enabling livestock farmers, veterinarians, and animal health observatories to better predict future disease risk and risk impacts based on predicted future climate conditions, earth science can help to provide an evidence base from which to influence policy and develop mitigations. Our example—of climate conditions’ impact on livestock health in Karnataka, India—clearly evidences the benefit of integrating earth scientists into planetary health research.
抗生素耐药性是一项紧迫的全球性、单一健康和全球健康挑战。气候变化、抗生素使用和抗生素耐药性之间的联系已经得到了充分的记录,但对土壤系统对特定细菌性牲畜疾病的影响在更细粒度的层面上的关注较少。了解气候变化对牲畜健康的确切影响,进而使用抗生素来解决这种健康不良问题,对于提供一个证据基础,以解决这种影响,并在当前抗生素管理计划内外制定实际、可实施和当地可接受的解决方案,具有重要意义。在本文中,我们提出了更好地整合地球科学家及其特定学科技能的案例(具体而言,解决不完整/碎片数据的问题;能够跨越四个维度,并在当前和深层(地质时间)之间的界面上进行行星健康研究。然后,通过我们自己研究中的一个案例研究,我们讨论了一种利用风险制图的方法,这是地球科学中的一种常用方法,但在健康科学中使用的频率较低,可以在颗粒水平上根据不断变化的气候条件绘制疾病风险图。这项工作的目的是论证,通过使畜牧农民、兽医和动物卫生观察站能够根据预测的未来气候条件更好地预测未来的疾病风险和风险影响,地球科学可以帮助提供影响政策和制定缓解措施的证据基础。我们的例子——印度卡纳塔克邦气候条件对牲畜健康的影响——清楚地证明了将地球科学家纳入地球健康研究的好处。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Framework for Inner-Outer Sustainability Assessment 内外可持续性评价的新框架
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020064
K. J. Cooper, Robert B. Gibson
Calls for systemic transformations have become prevalent throughout sustainability discourse. Increasingly, these calls point towards consciousness expanding practices and interventions, such as mindfulness, to support the development of individual understandings, skills, and capacities that are conducive to more sustainable ways of being and doing. The growing interest in leveraging inner capacities, including mindsets, worldviews, values, and beliefs for sustainability transformations emerges from concerns that conventional approaches are failing to align social and ecological systems towards long-term viability. Interest in these consciousness-driven transformations is spreading, particularly in governments and prominent organisations. Tempering this enthusiasm are concerns that untethered from moral and ethical guidelines as well as caring understanding of local and global prospects for lasting wellbeing, mindfulness programs, workshops, and interventions for inner transformation can inadvertently strengthen unsustainable systems and deepen inequities. Accordingly, this paper presents an exploratory assessment framework to increase understandings of how events focused on interventions for inner transformation align with broad sustainability requirements. Findings from application of the framework should help to elucidate how these offerings can disrupt normative ways of thinking and doing, and in turn, positively influence multi-scalar transformations. Furthermore, use of the assessment process to plan and/or evaluate inner development offerings is anticipated to help strengthen progress towards sustainability and reduce adverse trade-offs that might undermine positive systemic transformations.
在整个可持续性话语中,对系统性变革的呼吁已经变得普遍。这些呼吁越来越多地指向意识扩展的实践和干预,比如正念,以支持个人理解、技能和能力的发展,有利于更可持续的存在和行为方式。人们越来越关注利用内部能力,包括思维方式、世界观、价值观和信仰来实现可持续性转型,这源于人们对传统方法未能使社会和生态系统与长期可行性保持一致的担忧。对这些意识驱动的转变的兴趣正在蔓延,尤其是在政府和知名组织中。人们担心,不受道德和伦理准则的束缚,以及对当地和全球持久福祉前景的关怀理解,正念计划、研讨会和内部转型干预措施可能会无意中加强不可持续的系统,加深不平等。因此,本文提出了一个探索性评估框架,以增加对内部转型干预的事件如何与广泛的可持续性要求保持一致的理解。应用该框架的结果应该有助于阐明这些产品如何破坏规范的思维和行为方式,并反过来积极影响多标量转换。此外,利用评估过程来规划和(或)评价内部发展成果,预计将有助于加强可持续性方面的进展,并减少可能破坏积极的系统变革的不利权衡。
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引用次数: 3
The Correlations among Dietary Lifestyle, Microecology, and Mind-Altering Toxoplasmosis on the Health of People, Place, and the Planet 饮食生活方式、微生态和改变思维的弓形虫病对人、地和地球健康的相关性
Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020063
Vanessa de Araujo Goes, Y. Tajudeen, M. El-Sherbini
Being one of the most common foodborne protozoa worldwide, chronic toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) could contribute significantly to the etiology of several mental disorders. The neurotropic parasite can directly influence the gut microbiota, causing inflammation with subsequent degradation of tryptophan required for parasite growth. Research in humans and animals shows that the gut microbiome is involved in the regulation of brain serotonergic pathways through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Since the serotonin system is extensively interconnected with the body’s master clock through neuronal networks, the microbiota has been suggested as a potential mediator, fine-tuning circadian misalignment, following a reciprocal relationship with human eating patterns. Furthermore, adherence to an intermittent fasting diet can improve the serotonin biosynthesis pathway in the intestines and improve cognitive function. This review aims to explain the role of fasting in parasite-driven gut microbiome perturbation and the mechanisms by which Toxoplasma infection alters brain function. Due to its significant impact on social–economic status, diet patterns, microbiota disruption, circadian rhythm, chronic inflammation, and mental disorders, toxoplasmosis is an underestimated threat that could be prevented by simple lifestyle changes through educational actions. Furthermore, there are few research studies that address toxoplasmosis-induced mental disorders from a holistic perspective. Thus, a planetary health lens is needed to understand these correlations that directly relate to the promotion of a resilient and empathic civilization, crucial to enabling a flourishing healthy society on all scales.
由弓形虫引起的慢性弓形虫病是世界上最常见的食源性原虫之一,可能是多种精神疾病的重要病因。嗜神经寄生虫可以直接影响肠道微生物群,引起炎症,随后降解寄生虫生长所需的色氨酸。对人类和动物的研究表明,肠道微生物组通过微生物-肠-脑轴参与调节脑血清素能通路。由于血清素系统通过神经网络与人体的主时钟广泛相连,微生物群被认为是一个潜在的中介,微调昼夜节律失调,遵循与人类饮食模式的互惠关系。此外,坚持间歇性禁食饮食可以改善肠道中血清素的生物合成途径,改善认知功能。这篇综述旨在解释禁食在寄生虫驱动的肠道微生物群紊乱中的作用,以及弓形虫感染改变大脑功能的机制。由于其对社会经济地位、饮食模式、微生物群破坏、昼夜节律、慢性炎症和精神障碍的重大影响,弓形虫病是一种被低估的威胁,可以通过教育行动通过简单的生活方式改变来预防。此外,很少有研究从整体的角度来解决弓形虫引起的精神障碍。因此,需要从地球健康的角度来理解这些与促进具有复原力和同理心的文明直接相关的相关性,这对于在所有规模上实现繁荣健康的社会至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Challenges
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